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JP3885472B2 - Proximity sensor - Google Patents
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JP3885472B2 - Proximity sensor - Google Patents

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JP3885472B2
JP3885472B2 JP2000256996A JP2000256996A JP3885472B2 JP 3885472 B2 JP3885472 B2 JP 3885472B2 JP 2000256996 A JP2000256996 A JP 2000256996A JP 2000256996 A JP2000256996 A JP 2000256996A JP 3885472 B2 JP3885472 B2 JP 3885472B2
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circuit
current
oscillation
detection
bias
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JP2000256996A
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JP2002076871A (en
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正久 丹羽
孝 鈴木
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、LC発振回路を構成する検出コイルを備え、被検知物体の接近に伴う検出コイルの実効抵抗値変化から被検知物体を検知する近接センサに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、金属体(導電体)や磁性体等からなる被検知物体を検知する近接センサとして高周波発振型のものが知られている。この種の近接センサは、LC発振回路を構成する検出コイルに金属体が接近すると、電磁誘導作用によって渦電流損が生じて検出コイルの実効抵抗値(インピーダンス)が変化することを利用したものであり、この変化を検出信号として取り出すものである。このような近接センサには、金属体の近接状態に応じて発振回路の発振振幅が跳躍的に変化して、発振又は発振停止するものがあり、発振振幅の変化から金属体の有無の判定を行うことができる(特開昭55−39109号公報参照)
図8は従来の近接センサの回路図を示し、この近接センサは、検出コイルL1とコンデンサC1とで構成されるLC発振回路11を有し、LC発振回路11にはバイアス回路12から一定のバイアス電流Ibが供給される。LC発振回路11に発生する電圧(発振振幅)VTはレベルシフト回路13により電圧レベルがシフトされて電圧V1となり、電圧−電流変換回路14を構成するトランジスタTr1のベースに印加される。ここで、バイアス回路12は、トランジスタTr4,Tr5と抵抗R1とで構成されるカレントミラー回路により構成され、レベルシフト回路13は、ベース・コレクタ間が短絡されダイオードとして動作するNPN型トランジスタTr6により構成される。
【0003】
電圧−電流変換回路14を構成するトランジスタTr1のエミッタと回路のグランドとの間には帰還電流設定用の抵抗Reが接続されており、トランジスタTr1のコレクタ電流は電流ミラー回路15を構成するトランジスタTr2に流れる。トランジスタTr2のベース、エミッタには、トランジスタTr3のベース、エミッタがそれぞれ接続され、トランジスタTr3と共にカレントミラー回路を構成しており、トランジスタTr3のコレクタ電流IfbがLC発振回路11に帰還される。ここに、LC発振回路11とバイアス回路12とレベルシフト回路13と電圧−電流変換回路14と電流ミラー回路15とで発振回路1が構成される。
【0004】
ここで、検出コイルL1に金属体が接近していない状態では、LC発振回路11が発振しており、その発振振幅VTは十分大きい値になっている。一方、検出コイルL1に金属体が接近すると、主として検出コイルL1の渦電流損の増大によって、LC発振回路11の損失が増大し、発振振幅が小さくなって、発振動作を停止する。発振回路1の出力は外部回路(図示せず)に出力されており、外部回路では発振回路1の発振振幅の変化から、被検知物体の存否を検出する。
【0005】
このような近接センサでは、バイアス回路12によってLC発振回路11に数十〜2,3百μA(一般的には100μA程度)のバイアス電流Ibが供給されていた。バイアス回路12から与えられる直流のバイアス電流Ibは、電流ミラー回路15の帰還動作(すなわち、発振周波数における動作)と無関係であるから、その大きさは特に考慮されておらず、回路全体の消費電流を最小限にするため、バイアス電流Ibとしては必要最小限の値に設定されていた。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記構成の近接センサは様々な環境で用いられ、例えば遊技球(所謂パチンコ玉)を検出するための近接センサのように外来ノイズの激しい環境下で使用されるものもある。検出コイルL1として例えば環状コイルを用い、環状コイルの環内を通過する遊技球を検出する遊技球検出用の近接センサでは、不正遊技者が高周波強電界の電波を故意に発生させたようなノイズ環境下においても誤動作することなく、遊技球の有無を検出することが望まれる。しかしながら、従来の近接センサでは、不正遊技者が高周波強電界の電波を近接センサに対して照射すると、遊技球が存在しなくてもLC発振回路11の発振が停止してしまい、遊技球が存在すると誤検出してしまう虞があった。
【0007】
本発明は上記問題点に鑑みて為されたものであり、その目的とするところは、外来ノイズによる誤動作を防止した近接センサを提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
ところで、近接センサに高周波強電界の輻射ノイズを実際に照射し、輻射ノイズに対する耐ノイズ性を評価する場合、近接センサに照射される輻射ノイズを正確に測定することができないため、耐ノイズ性を正確に評価できないという問題がある。近接センサに照射された輻射ノイズは環状コイルよりなる検出コイルL1から発振回路1内に侵入すると考えられるので、図8に点線で図示するように、LC発振回路11とトランジスタTr6の接続点にカップリングコンデンサC0を介して信号発生器SGを接続し、近接センサに輻射ノイズを照射する代わりに信号発生器SGからカップリングコンデンサC0を介して高周波の注入信号sgを直接注入することにより耐ノイズ性の評価を行った。
【0009】
図9は、バイアス電流IbをIb1,Ib2,Ib3(Ib1<Ib2<Ib3)とした場合のある周波数での注入信号レベルと発振振幅VTとの関係を示しており、バイアス電流Ibを一定とすると、注入信号レベルが小さい範囲では発振振幅VTの変化はほとんどないが、注入信号レベルを高くする(つまり、輻射ノイズの電界強度を高める)と発振振幅VTが急激に低下し、ついには発振停止に至る。ここで、注入信号レベルと発振振幅VTの関係を示す曲線は注入信号の周波数によって変化し、発振停止に至る注入信号レベルも大きく異なる。しかしながら、信号発生器SGから注入する注入信号の周波数を変化させて試験を行った結果、注入信号の周波数に関係無く、バイアス電流Ibを増加させると(Ib1<Ib2<Ib3)、発振停止に至る注入信号レベルも増加する(Vs1<Vs2<Vs3)ことが判明した。また、実際に高周波強電界の輻射ノイズを近接センサに照射して試験を行っても、バイアス電流Ibを増加させるほど、発振停止しにくくなることが確かめられた。
【0010】
また、図10はバイアス電流IbをIb1,Ib2,Ib3(Ib1<Ib2<Ib3)とした場合の検出コイルL1のコンダクタンスと発振振幅との関係を示しており、バイアス電流Ibを複数に変化させた場合、検出コイルL1のコンダクタンスが小さい領域(すなわち被検知物体を検知していない状態)では発振振幅VTの大きさが変化するものの、発振振幅VTが急激に低下する際の検出コイルL1のコンダクタンスの値Gthは略同じであるから、検出距離などの近接センサの特性としては殆ど変化がないことが確かめられた。
【0011】
そこで上記目的を達成するために、請求項1の発明では、検出コイルを含むLC発振回路を具備した発振回路部と、LC発振回路の発振振幅を検波する検波回路部と、検波回路部の出力から被検知物体の接近によって発生するLC発振回路の発振停止を検出し、被検知物体の存否を示す検出信号を発生する出力回路部とを備え、前記発振回路部は、LC発振回路に直流のバイアス電流を供給するバイアス回路と、LC発振回路の発振振幅に応じた電流を発生してLC発振回路に帰還させる電流帰還回路とを備え、被検知物体の非検知時におけるバイアス電流を、外部より印加される高周波強電界の輻射ノイズによってLC発振回路の発振が停止しないような電流レベルとし、被検知物体の検知時に、バイアス回路のバイアス電流を非検知時よりも低下させることによって回路全体の消費電流を低下させる消費電流切替回路を設けたことを特徴とし、被検知物体の非検知時においてバイアス回路は、外部より印加される高周波強電界の輻射ノイズによって発振停止しないような電流レベルのバイアス電流をLC発振回路へ供給しているから、外部より印加される輻射ノイズによって近接センサが誤動作するのを防止できる。しかも被検知物体の検知時には外来ノイズによって検知状態となっても問題ないから、被検知物体の検知時において消費電流切替回路が消費電流を低下させた分だけ、回路全体の消費電流を低減できる。したがって被検知物体の検知時においてバイアス電流を低下させた分だけ、全体の消費電流を増やすことなく非検知時におけるバイアス電流を増加させることができ、外部より印加される輻射ノイズによって近接センサが誤動作するのを防止できる。
【0012】
請求項2の発明では、請求項1の発明において、上記電流レベルは約450μA以上であることを特徴とし、請求項1の発明と同様の作用を奏する。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。
【0016】
(基本構成)
本発明に係る近接センサの基本構成を図1及び図2を参照して説明する。この近接センサは、図2に示すように、検出コイルL1を含むLC発振回路11を具備した発振回路1と、LC発振回路11の発振振幅を検波する検波回路2と、検波回路2の出力から被検知物体の接近によって発生するLC発振回路11の発振停止を検出し、被検知物体の存否を示す検出信号を発生する出力回路3と、発振回路1、検波回路2などに動作電圧Vccを供給する電源回路4とを備えている。
【0017】
また、図1は発振回路1の回路図を示しており、検出コイルL1とコンデンサC1とで構成されるLC発振回路11と、LC発振回路11に直流のバイアス電流Ibを供給するバイアス回路12と、LC発振回路11に発生する電圧VTの電圧レベルをシフトするレベルシフト回路13と、レベルシフト回路13の出力電圧V1に応じた電流を発生する電圧−電流変換回路14と、電圧−電流変換回路14の出力電流に応じた電流をLC発振回路11に帰還する電流ミラー回路15とを備えている。ここに、レベルシフト回路13と電圧−電流変換回路14と電流ミラー回路15とで、LC発振回路11の発振振幅VTに応じた電流を発生してLC発振回路11に帰還させる電流帰還回路が構成される。尚、発振回路1の回路構成は上述した従来の近接センサと同様であるので、同一の構成要素には同一の符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
【0018】
バイアス回路12は、ベース同士、エミッタ同士がそれぞれ接続されたトランジスタTr4,Tr5と、トランジスタTr5のコレクタと回路のグランドとの間に接続されたバイアス電流設定用の抵抗R1とを備えたカレントミラー回路により構成される。トランジスタTr4,Tr5のエミッタには電圧Vccが印加され、トランジスタTr4のコレクタはトランジスタTr6のコレクタに接続されている。また、トランジスタTr5のコレクタ・ベース間は電気的に接続されている。ここで、バイアス回路12からLC発振回路11に供給されるバイアス電流Ibの電流値は抵抗R1の抵抗値によって設定される。
【0019】
上述のようにバイアス回路12のバイアス電流Ibが大きいほど、外来ノイズに対する耐ノイズ性が向上することが判明しており、この近接センサではバイアス回路12のバイアス電流Ibを、外来ノイズによる誤動作が発生しないような電流レベルに設定している。例えば遊技球の検出に用いられる近接センサでは、不正遊技者が故意に発生させる高周波強電界のノイズ環境下においても誤動作しないことが要求され、実験の結果バイアス電流Ibを約450μA以上に設定すれば、不正遊技者が発生し得る最大の電界強度のノイズを近接センサに照射した場合でも、近接センサが誤動作しないことが確認でき、本センサではバイアス回路12のバイアス電流Ibを約450〜500μAに設定している。尚、バイアス電流Ibを必要以上に大きい値に設定すると、近接センサの消費電流が増加するため、バイアス電流Ibの上限値は回路全体の消費電流を考慮して適宜設定すれば良い。
【0020】
(実施形態
本発明の実施形態を図3及び図4を参照して説明する。基本構成で説明した近接センサでは電源回路4の消費電流を略一定としているが、本実施形態では回路全体の消費電流を増やすことなくバイアス電流Ibをできるだけ増やすため、検波回路2の出力に応じて電源回路4の消費電流を切り替えている。また本回路では、LC発振回路11に供給するバイアス電流Ibを設定するバイアス電流設定回路5を設けている。尚、電源回路4及びバイアス電流設定回路5以外の構成は基本構成で説明した近接センサと同様であるので、同一の構成要素には同一の符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
【0021】
図4は電源回路4の具体回路図であり、この電源回路4は、入出力端子間に挿入したトランジスタQccによる損失量を調節することによって、入力電圧Vinを降圧すると共に安定化して一定の動作電圧Vccを生成し、この動作電圧を発振回路1や検波回路2等に供給するものである。この電源回路4は、動作電圧Vccに比例した検出電圧Vrefを検出するための分圧抵抗R2,R3と、分圧抵抗R2,R3による検出電圧Vrefと基準電圧との差に比例してトランジスタQccによる損失量を調節する帰還増幅手段と、帰還増幅手段に基準電圧を与える基準電圧発生手段とを備えており、この電源回路4では帰還増幅手段と基準電圧発生手段とをまとめて誤差増幅器EAとしている。なお、本回路では分圧抵抗R2,R3により生成された検出電圧Vrefと動作電圧Vccとは、Vcc=Vref×(R2+R3)/R3の関係になる。
【0022】
基本構成の近接センサで説明したように、外部より照射されるノイズによって近接センサが誤動作するのを防止するためには、LC発振回路11に供給するバイアス電流Ibを増加させれば良いが、近接センサ全体の消費電流には制約があるため、バイアス電流Ibをできるだけ増やすためには発振回路1以外の回路部で消費電流を低減する必要がある。
【0023】
ところで、被検知物体の検知時にはLC発振回路11の発振が停止しているか、又は、発振振幅が十分小さくなっている。発振回路1の電流ミラー回路15を構成するトランジスタTr2,Tr3にはLC発振回路11の発振振幅VTに比例した電流が流れるので、被検知物体の検知時にはトランジスタTr2,Tr3に電流が流れないか、又は、流れる電流が十分小さくなる。したがって、被検知物体の検知時には、電源回路4のトランジスタQccのベース電流Ibccを少なくして、コレクタ電流を低下させても、動作電圧Vccは殆ど変化しない。一方、被検知物体の非検知時にはトランジスタTr2,Tr3に大きな電流が流れるので、トランジスタQccに十分大きなベース電流Ibccを与えないと、コレクタ電流が不足して、動作電圧Vccが大きく変動する。
【0024】
そこで、本実施形態の近接センサでは、被検知物体の検知時において電源回路4の消費電流を非検知時に比べて低下させている。電源回路4はトランジスタQccのベース電流Ibcc与える電流ミラー回路4aを備えている。電流ミラー回路4aはトランジスタTr11,Tr12と、電流値設定用の抵抗R11,R12の直列回路と、抵抗R12に並列に接続されたトランジスタQswとで構成され、トランジスタQswは検波回路2の出力に応じてオン/オフする。ここで、検波回路2が被検知物体を検知すると、トランジスタQswはオフになり、電流ミラー回路4aの入力電流が小さくなるので、トランジスタQccのベース電流Ibccが低下する。一方、検波回路2が被検知物体を検知していなければ、トランジスタQswはオンになり、電流ミラー回路4aの入力電流が大きくなるので、トランジスタQccのベース電流Ibccが増加する。而して、被検知物体の検知時には電源回路4の消費電流が非検知時に比べて低下するから、回路全体の消費電流を低下させることができる。ここに、電流ミラー回路4aから、被検知物体の検知時に回路全体の消費電流を低下させる消費電流切替回路が構成される。
【0025】
尚、電源回路4は検波回路2の検知信号に応じて消費電流を切り替えているが、出力回路3の出力信号に応じて消費電流を切り替えるようにしても良く、また被検知物体の検知時において消費電流を低下させるのであれば、電源回路4以外の回路部の消費電流を低下させるようにしても良い。
【0026】
ところで、本実施形態の電源回路4では被検知物体の検知時に、トランジスタQccのベース電流Ibccを低下させることによって電源回路4の消費電流を低下させているが、図5に示すように、動作電圧Vccを低下させることによって電源回路4から電源供給される回路部での消費電流を低下させるようにしても良い。この電源回路4は、図4の電源回路4において、分圧抵抗R3を2つの抵抗R3a,R3bに分割し、抵抗R3bと並列にトランジスタQswのベース・エミッタ間を接続し、検波回路2の出力に応じてトランジスタQswをオン/オフさせている。ここに、抵抗R3a,R3bとトランジスタQswとで、被検知物体の検知時に回路全体の消費電流を低下させる消費電流切替回路が構成される。
【0027】
ここで、被検知物体の検知時にはトランジスタQswがオフ状態となるので、分圧比が大きくなり、検出電圧Vrefの電圧値が非検知時に比べて増加する。したがって、誤差増幅器EAの出力が増加し、トランジスタQccによる損失量が増加するので、動作電圧Vccが低下する。一方、被検知物体の非検知時にはトランジスタQswがオン状態となるので、分圧比が小さくなり、検出電圧Vrefの電圧値が検知時に比べて低下する。したがって、誤差増幅器EAの出力が低下し、トランジスタQccによる損失量が低下するので、動作電圧Vccが増加する。
【0028】
このように、本回路では被検知物体の検知時において、電源回路4の動作電圧Vccを非検知時に比べて低下させており、動作電圧Vccを低下させると電源回路4から給電される発振回路1や検波回路2などの回路部での消費電流を低減させることができるから、近接センサ全体として消費電流を低下させることができる。尚、電源回路4から給電される発振回路1や検波回路2などの回路部では、電源回路4が動作電圧Vccを低下させた場合でも、回路の動作特性が変動しないように動作電圧Vccの許容範囲を十分大きい値に設計している。また、動作電圧Vccの変動範囲は、電源回路4から給電される発振回路1や検波回路2などの動作特性が変化しないような電圧範囲に設定されている。
【0029】
(実施形態
本発明の実施形態を図6及び図7を参照して説明する。本実施形態の近接センサでは、検波回路2の出力に応じてバイアス回路12のバイアス電流Ibを直接切り替えている。すなわち、本実施形態では、基本構成で説明した近接センサにおいて、バイアス電流設定用抵抗R1を2つの抵抗R1a,R1bに分割し、一方の抵抗R1bと並列に検波回路2の出力信号に応じてオン/オフされるトランジスタQswを接続している。ここに、抵抗R1a,R1b及びトランジスタQswからバイアス電流設定回路5が構成される。尚、近接センサの基本的な構成は基本構成で説明した近接センサと同様であるので、同一の構成要素には同一の符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
【0030】
この近接センサでは、LC発振回路11を構成する検出コイルL1に金属体が接近すると、電磁誘導作用によって渦電流損が生じて検出コイルL1の実効抵抗値が変化して、LC発振回路11の発振が停止する。すなわち、被検知物体の検知時にはもともとLC発振回路11が発振停止しているので、不正遊技者が照射する電波によってLC発振回路11が発振停止するのを防止するために、LC発振回路11に供給するバイアス電流Ibを増加させる必要がなく、被検知物体の非検知時のみバイアス電流Ibを増加させれば良い。
【0031】
したがって、本回路ではバイアス電流設定用の抵抗R1bと並列にトランジスタQswを接続し、検波回路2の出力信号に応じてトランジスタQswをオン/オフさせており、被検知物体の非検知時にはトランジスタQswがオン状態になるので、バイアス電流IbはVcc/R1bとなる。この時のバイアス電流Ibは、基本構成で説明した近接センサと同様に、約450〜500μAに設定されており、不正遊技者の発生する高周波強電界の輻射ノイズが照射されたとしてもLC発振回路11が発振停止することはない。
【0032】
一方、被検知物体の検知時にはトランジスタQswがオフ状態になるので、バイアス電流IbはVcc/(R1a+R1b)となり、被検知物体の非検知時に比べて低下するから、回路全体の消費電流を低減することができる。したがって、回路全体の消費電流が制限されている場合でも、被検知物体の検知時におけるバイアス電流Ibを低下させることにより、非検知時におけるバイアス電流を相対的に増加させることができ、外部より照射される輻射ノイズによって近接センサが誤動作するのを防止できる。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
上述のように、請求項1の発明は、検出コイルを含むLC発振回路を具備した発振回路部と、LC発振回路の発振振幅を検波する検波回路部と、検波回路部の出力から被検知物体の接近によって発生するLC発振回路の発振停止を検出し、被検知物体の存否を示す検出信号を発生する出力回路部とを備え、前記発振回路部は、LC発振回路に直流のバイアス電流を供給するバイアス回路と、LC発振回路の発振振幅に応じた電流を発生してLC発振回路に帰還させる電流帰還回路とを備え、被検知物体の非検知時におけるバイアス電流を、外部より印加される高周波強電界の輻射ノイズによってLC発振回路の発振が停止しないような電流レベルとし、被検知物体の検知時に、バイアス回路のバイアス電流を非検知時よりも低下させることによって回路全体の消費電流を低下させる消費電流切替回路を設けたことを特徴とし、被検知物体の非検知時においてバイアス回路は、外部より印加される高周波強電界の輻射ノイズによって発振停止しないような電流レベルのバイアス電流をLC発振回路へ供給しているから、外部より印加される輻射ノイズによって近接センサが誤動作するのを防止できるという効果がある。しかも被検知物体の検知時には外来ノイズによって検知状態となっても問題ないから、被検知物体の検知時において消費電流切替回路が消費電流を低下させた分だけ、回路全体の消費電流を低減できる。したがって被検知物体の検知時においてバイアス電流を低下させた分だけ、全体の消費電流を増やすことなく非検知時におけるバイアス電流を増加させることができ、外部より印加される輻射ノイズによって近接センサが誤動作するのを防止できるという効果がある。
【0034】
請求項2の発明は、請求項1の発明において、上記電流レベルは約450μA以上であることを特徴とし、請求項1の発明と同様の効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明に係る近接センサの基本構成を示す要部回路図である。
【図2】 同上のブロック図である。
【図3】 実施形態の近接センサのブロック図である。
【図4】 同上の要部回路図である。
【図5】 同上の別の近接センサの要部回路図である。
【図6】 実施形態の近接センサのブロック図である。
【図7】 同上の要部回路図である。
【図8】 従来の近接センサの回路図である。
【図9】 同上の発振回路に外部より注入する注入信号の信号レベルと発振振幅との関係を示す図である。
【図10】 同上の検出コイルのコンダクタンスと発振振幅との関係を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 発振回路
11 LC発振回路
12 バイアス回路
13 レベルシフト回路
14 電圧−電流変換回路
15 電流ミラー回路
Ib バイアス電流
L1 検出コイル
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a proximity sensor that includes a detection coil that constitutes an LC oscillation circuit and detects a detected object from a change in effective resistance value of the detection coil accompanying the approach of the detected object.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a high-frequency oscillation type is known as a proximity sensor that detects a detected object made of a metal body (conductor), a magnetic body, or the like. This type of proximity sensor utilizes the fact that when a metal body approaches the detection coil that constitutes the LC oscillation circuit, eddy current loss occurs due to electromagnetic induction and the effective resistance (impedance) of the detection coil changes. Yes, this change is taken out as a detection signal. Among such proximity sensors, there is a sensor that oscillates or stops oscillating when the oscillation amplitude of the oscillation circuit changes drastically according to the proximity state of the metal body, and the presence or absence of the metal body is determined from the change in the oscillation amplitude. (See JP-A-55-39109)
FIG. 8 shows a circuit diagram of a conventional proximity sensor. This proximity sensor has an LC oscillation circuit 11 composed of a detection coil L1 and a capacitor C1, and the LC oscillation circuit 11 has a constant bias from a bias circuit 12. A current Ib is supplied. The voltage (oscillation amplitude) VT generated in the LC oscillation circuit 11 is shifted in voltage level by the level shift circuit 13 to become the voltage V1, and is applied to the base of the transistor Tr1 constituting the voltage-current conversion circuit 14. Here, the bias circuit 12 is composed of a current mirror circuit composed of transistors Tr4, Tr5 and a resistor R1, and the level shift circuit 13 is composed of an NPN transistor Tr6 which is short-circuited between the base and collector and operates as a diode. Is done.
[0003]
A resistor Re for setting a feedback current is connected between the emitter of the transistor Tr1 constituting the voltage-current conversion circuit 14 and the circuit ground. The collector current of the transistor Tr1 is a transistor Tr2 constituting the current mirror circuit 15. Flowing into. The base and emitter of the transistor Tr3 are connected to the base and emitter of the transistor Tr2, respectively, to form a current mirror circuit together with the transistor Tr3, and the collector current Ifb of the transistor Tr3 is fed back to the LC oscillation circuit 11. Here, the oscillation circuit 1 is configured by the LC oscillation circuit 11, the bias circuit 12, the level shift circuit 13, the voltage-current conversion circuit 14, and the current mirror circuit 15.
[0004]
Here, when the metal body is not approaching the detection coil L1, the LC oscillation circuit 11 oscillates, and the oscillation amplitude VT is a sufficiently large value. On the other hand, when a metal body approaches the detection coil L1, the loss of the LC oscillation circuit 11 is increased mainly due to an increase in eddy current loss of the detection coil L1, the oscillation amplitude is reduced, and the oscillation operation is stopped. The output of the oscillation circuit 1 is output to an external circuit (not shown), and the external circuit detects the presence / absence of the detected object from the change in the oscillation amplitude of the oscillation circuit 1.
[0005]
In such a proximity sensor, the bias current 12 is supplied to the LC oscillation circuit 11 by the bias circuit 12 with a bias current Ib of several tens to 2-3 hundred μA (generally about 100 μA). Since the DC bias current Ib supplied from the bias circuit 12 is irrelevant to the feedback operation of the current mirror circuit 15 (that is, the operation at the oscillation frequency), its magnitude is not particularly considered, and the current consumption of the entire circuit In order to minimize the bias current Ib, the bias current Ib has been set to a necessary minimum value.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The proximity sensor having the above-described configuration is used in various environments. For example, some proximity sensors such as a proximity sensor for detecting a game ball (a so-called pachinko ball) are used in an environment with a lot of external noise. In a proximity sensor for detecting a game ball that uses, for example, an annular coil as the detection coil L1 and detects a game ball passing through the ring of the annular coil, noise such that an unauthorized player intentionally generates a radio wave of a high-frequency strong electric field. It is desired to detect the presence or absence of a game ball without malfunctioning even in an environment. However, in the conventional proximity sensor, when an unauthorized player irradiates the proximity sensor with a radio wave of a high-frequency strong electric field, the oscillation of the LC oscillation circuit 11 stops even if there is no game ball, and there is a game ball. Then, there was a possibility of erroneous detection.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a proximity sensor that prevents malfunction due to external noise.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
By the way, when the proximity sensor is actually irradiated with radiation noise of a high frequency strong electric field and the noise resistance against the radiation noise is evaluated, the radiation noise irradiated to the proximity sensor cannot be accurately measured. There is a problem that it cannot be evaluated accurately. Since it is considered that the radiation noise applied to the proximity sensor enters the oscillation circuit 1 from the detection coil L1 formed of the annular coil, it is coupled to the connection point between the LC oscillation circuit 11 and the transistor Tr6 as shown by a dotted line in FIG. Noise resistance by connecting a signal generator SG via a ring capacitor C0 and directly injecting a high-frequency injection signal sg from the signal generator SG via a coupling capacitor C0 instead of irradiating the proximity sensor with radiation noise. Was evaluated.
[0009]
FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the injection signal level at a certain frequency and the oscillation amplitude VT when the bias current Ib is Ib1, Ib2, Ib3 (Ib1 <Ib2 <Ib3), and the bias current Ib is constant. In the range where the injection signal level is small, there is almost no change in the oscillation amplitude VT, but when the injection signal level is increased (that is, the electric field strength of radiation noise is increased), the oscillation amplitude VT decreases rapidly and finally the oscillation is stopped. It reaches. Here, the curve indicating the relationship between the injection signal level and the oscillation amplitude VT varies depending on the frequency of the injection signal, and the injection signal level that causes the oscillation to stop is greatly different. However, as a result of performing the test by changing the frequency of the injection signal injected from the signal generator SG, if the bias current Ib is increased regardless of the frequency of the injection signal (Ib1 <Ib2 <Ib3), the oscillation is stopped. It was found that the injection signal level also increased (Vs1 <Vs2 <Vs3). Further, even when the test was performed by actually irradiating the proximity sensor with high-frequency strong electric field radiation noise, it was confirmed that the oscillation stopped more easily as the bias current Ib was increased.
[0010]
FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the conductance of the detection coil L1 and the oscillation amplitude when the bias current Ib is Ib1, Ib2, Ib3 (Ib1 <Ib2 <Ib3), and the bias current Ib is changed to a plurality of values. In this case, in the region where the conductance of the detection coil L1 is small (that is, in the state where the detected object is not detected), the magnitude of the oscillation amplitude VT changes, but the conductance of the detection coil L1 when the oscillation amplitude VT decreases rapidly. Since the values Gth are substantially the same, it has been confirmed that there is almost no change in the characteristics of the proximity sensor such as the detection distance.
[0011]
Therefore, in order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, an oscillation circuit unit including an LC oscillation circuit including a detection coil, a detection circuit unit for detecting the oscillation amplitude of the LC oscillation circuit, and an output of the detection circuit unit Detecting an oscillation stop of the LC oscillation circuit that occurs due to the approach of the detected object from, and an output circuit unit that generates a detection signal indicating the presence or absence of the detected object. a bias circuit for supplying a bias current, and generating a current corresponding to the oscillation amplitude of the LC oscillator circuit and a current feedback circuit for feeding back to the LC oscillator circuit, the bias current at the time of non-detection of the detected object, from the outside and current level, such as the oscillation of the LC oscillation circuit is not stopped by the radiation noise of the applied high frequency strong electric field, when the detection of the detected object, when non-detection of the bias current of the bias circuit Characterized in that a consumption current switching circuit to reduce the current consumption of the entire circuit by also decreasing, the bias circuit at the time of non-detection of the test known object, the radiation noise of the high frequency strong electric field applied from the outside Since a bias current having a current level that does not stop oscillation is supplied to the LC oscillation circuit, it is possible to prevent the proximity sensor from malfunctioning due to radiation noise applied from the outside. In addition, since there is no problem even if a detection state is detected due to external noise at the time of detection of the detected object, the current consumption of the entire circuit can be reduced by the amount that the current consumption switching circuit reduces the current consumption at the time of detection of the detected object. Therefore, the bias current at the time of non-detection can be increased without increasing the overall current consumption by the amount that the bias current was reduced when detecting the detected object, and the proximity sensor malfunctions due to radiation noise applied from the outside. Can be prevented.
[0012]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the current level is about 450 μA or more, and the same effect as the first aspect of the invention is achieved.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0016]
(Basic configuration)
The basic configuration of the proximity sensor according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, the proximity sensor includes an oscillation circuit 1 including an LC oscillation circuit 11 including a detection coil L1, a detection circuit 2 for detecting the oscillation amplitude of the LC oscillation circuit 11, and an output of the detection circuit 2. Supplying the operating voltage Vcc to the output circuit 3, the oscillation circuit 1, the detection circuit 2 and the like that detect the oscillation stop of the LC oscillation circuit 11 generated by the approach of the detected object and generate a detection signal indicating the presence or absence of the detected object The power supply circuit 4 is provided.
[0017]
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the oscillation circuit 1. The LC oscillation circuit 11 includes a detection coil L1 and a capacitor C1, and a bias circuit 12 that supplies a DC bias current Ib to the LC oscillation circuit 11. The level shift circuit 13 that shifts the voltage level of the voltage VT generated in the LC oscillation circuit 11, the voltage-current conversion circuit 14 that generates a current corresponding to the output voltage V1 of the level shift circuit 13, and the voltage-current conversion circuit And a current mirror circuit 15 that feeds back a current corresponding to the output current 14 to the LC oscillation circuit 11. Here, the level shift circuit 13, the voltage-current conversion circuit 14, and the current mirror circuit 15 constitute a current feedback circuit that generates a current corresponding to the oscillation amplitude VT of the LC oscillation circuit 11 and feeds it back to the LC oscillation circuit 11. Is done. Since the circuit configuration of the oscillation circuit 1 is the same as that of the conventional proximity sensor described above, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
[0018]
The bias circuit 12 includes transistors Tr4 and Tr5 having bases and emitters connected to each other, and a bias current setting resistor R1 connected between the collector of the transistor Tr5 and the circuit ground. Consists of. The voltage Vcc is applied to the emitters of the transistors Tr4 and Tr5, and the collector of the transistor Tr4 is connected to the collector of the transistor Tr6. The collector and base of the transistor Tr5 are electrically connected. Here, the current value of the bias current Ib supplied from the bias circuit 12 to the LC oscillation circuit 11 is set by the resistance value of the resistor R1.
[0019]
As described above, it has been found that the larger the bias current Ib of the bias circuit 12 is, the better the noise resistance against external noise is. In this proximity sensor , the bias current Ib of the bias circuit 12 is malfunctioned due to the external noise. The current level is set so that it does not. For example, a proximity sensor used for detecting a game ball is required not to malfunction even in a noise environment of a high-frequency strong electric field that is intentionally generated by an unauthorized player. If the bias current Ib is set to about 450 μA or more as a result of experiments, Even when the proximity sensor is irradiated with noise of the maximum electric field intensity that can be generated by an unauthorized player, it can be confirmed that the proximity sensor does not malfunction, and in this sensor , the bias current Ib of the bias circuit 12 is set to about 450 to 500 μA. is doing. If the bias current Ib is set to a value larger than necessary, the current consumption of the proximity sensor increases. Therefore, the upper limit value of the bias current Ib may be set as appropriate in consideration of the current consumption of the entire circuit.
[0020]
(Embodiment 1 )
The first embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 will be described. In the proximity sensor described in the basic configuration, the current consumption of the power supply circuit 4 is substantially constant. In the present embodiment, the bias current Ib is increased as much as possible without increasing the current consumption of the entire circuit. The current consumption of the power supply circuit 4 is switched. In this circuit, a bias current setting circuit 5 for setting the bias current Ib supplied to the LC oscillation circuit 11 is provided. Since the configuration other than the power supply circuit 4 and the bias current setting circuit 5 is the same as the proximity sensor described in the basic configuration , the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
[0021]
FIG. 4 is a specific circuit diagram of the power supply circuit 4. The power supply circuit 4 steps down the input voltage Vin and stabilizes the operation by adjusting the amount of loss caused by the transistor Qcc inserted between the input and output terminals. A voltage Vcc is generated and this operating voltage is supplied to the oscillation circuit 1, the detection circuit 2, and the like. The power supply circuit 4 includes a voltage dividing resistor R2, R3 for detecting a detection voltage Vref proportional to the operating voltage Vcc, and a transistor Qcc proportional to the difference between the detection voltage Vref by the voltage dividing resistors R2, R3 and a reference voltage. And a reference voltage generating means for applying a reference voltage to the feedback amplifying means. In the power supply circuit 4, the feedback amplifying means and the reference voltage generating means are combined into an error amplifier EA. Yes. In this circuit, the detection voltage Vref generated by the voltage dividing resistors R2 and R3 and the operating voltage Vcc have a relationship of Vcc = Vref × (R2 + R3) / R3.
[0022]
As described in the proximity sensor of the basic configuration, in order to prevent the proximity sensor from malfunctioning due to noise irradiated from the outside, the bias current Ib supplied to the LC oscillation circuit 11 may be increased. Since the current consumption of the entire sensor is limited, in order to increase the bias current Ib as much as possible, it is necessary to reduce the current consumption in a circuit unit other than the oscillation circuit 1.
[0023]
By the way, when the object to be detected is detected, the oscillation of the LC oscillation circuit 11 is stopped or the oscillation amplitude is sufficiently small. Since a current proportional to the oscillation amplitude VT of the LC oscillation circuit 11 flows through the transistors Tr2 and Tr3 constituting the current mirror circuit 15 of the oscillation circuit 1, whether or not a current flows through the transistors Tr2 and Tr3 when detecting an object to be detected. Or the flowing current is sufficiently small. Therefore, when detecting an object to be detected, even if the base current Ibcc of the transistor Qcc of the power supply circuit 4 is reduced to reduce the collector current, the operating voltage Vcc hardly changes. On the other hand, since a large current flows through the transistors Tr2 and Tr3 when the object to be detected is not detected, if the sufficiently large base current Ibcc is not applied to the transistor Qcc, the collector current is insufficient and the operating voltage Vcc varies greatly.
[0024]
Therefore, in the proximity sensor according to the present embodiment, the current consumption of the power supply circuit 4 is reduced when the detected object is detected as compared to when the object is not detected. The power supply circuit 4 includes a current mirror circuit 4a that provides a base current Ibcc of the transistor Qcc. The current mirror circuit 4a includes transistors Tr11 and Tr12, a series circuit of resistors R11 and R12 for setting a current value, and a transistor Qsw connected in parallel to the resistor R12. The transistor Qsw corresponds to the output of the detection circuit 2. On / off. Here, when the detection circuit 2 detects an object to be detected, the transistor Qsw is turned off, and the input current of the current mirror circuit 4a is reduced, so that the base current Ibcc of the transistor Qcc is reduced. On the other hand, if the detection circuit 2 has not detected the object to be detected, the transistor Qsw is turned on, and the input current of the current mirror circuit 4a increases, so that the base current Ibcc of the transistor Qcc increases. Thus, when the detected object is detected, the current consumption of the power supply circuit 4 is lower than that when the object is not detected, so that the current consumption of the entire circuit can be reduced. Here, the current mirror circuit 4a constitutes a current consumption switching circuit that reduces the current consumption of the entire circuit when the object to be detected is detected.
[0025]
The power supply circuit 4 switches the current consumption according to the detection signal of the detection circuit 2, but the current consumption may be switched according to the output signal of the output circuit 3, or when detecting the detected object. If the current consumption is reduced, the current consumption of the circuit units other than the power supply circuit 4 may be reduced.
[0026]
By the way, in the power supply circuit 4 of the present embodiment, the current consumption of the power supply circuit 4 is reduced by reducing the base current Ibcc of the transistor Qcc when detecting the detected object. However, as shown in FIG. You may make it reduce the consumption current in the circuit part supplied with power from the power supply circuit 4 by lowering Vcc. This power supply circuit 4 divides the voltage dividing resistor R3 into two resistors R3a and R3b in the power supply circuit 4 of FIG. 4, connects the base and emitter of the transistor Qsw in parallel with the resistor R3b, and outputs the detection circuit 2 Accordingly, the transistor Qsw is turned on / off. Here, the resistors R3a and R3b and the transistor Qsw constitute a current consumption switching circuit that reduces the current consumption of the entire circuit when the detected object is detected.
[0027]
Here, since the transistor Qsw is turned off when the object to be detected is detected, the voltage dividing ratio is increased, and the voltage value of the detection voltage Vref is increased as compared with the case of non-detection. Therefore, the output of the error amplifier EA increases and the amount of loss due to the transistor Qcc increases, so that the operating voltage Vcc decreases. On the other hand, since the transistor Qsw is turned on when the object to be detected is not detected, the voltage division ratio is reduced, and the voltage value of the detection voltage Vref is lower than that at the time of detection. Accordingly, the output of the error amplifier EA is reduced, and the loss amount due to the transistor Qcc is reduced, so that the operating voltage Vcc is increased.
[0028]
As described above, in this circuit, the operating voltage Vcc of the power supply circuit 4 is reduced as compared with the non-detecting time when the detected object is detected, and the oscillation circuit 1 fed from the power supply circuit 4 when the operating voltage Vcc is reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the current consumption in the circuit unit such as the detector circuit 2 and the detection circuit 2, so that the current consumption can be reduced as a whole proximity sensor. In the circuit section such as the oscillation circuit 1 and the detection circuit 2 fed from the power supply circuit 4, even if the power supply circuit 4 decreases the operation voltage Vcc, the operation voltage Vcc is allowed so that the operation characteristics of the circuit do not fluctuate. The range is designed to be large enough. The fluctuation range of the operating voltage Vcc is set to a voltage range in which the operating characteristics of the oscillation circuit 1 and the detection circuit 2 fed from the power supply circuit 4 do not change.
[0029]
(Embodiment 2 )
The second embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIGS explained. In the proximity sensor of the present embodiment, the bias current Ib of the bias circuit 12 is directly switched according to the output of the detection circuit 2. That is, in this embodiment, in the proximity sensor described in the basic configuration , the bias current setting resistor R1 is divided into two resistors R1a and R1b, and is turned on in accordance with the output signal of the detection circuit 2 in parallel with one resistor R1b. The transistor Qsw to be turned off is connected. Here, the bias current setting circuit 5 is constituted by the resistors R1a and R1b and the transistor Qsw. Since the basic configuration of the proximity sensor is the same as that of the proximity sensor described in the basic configuration , the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
[0030]
In this proximity sensor, when a metal body approaches the detection coil L1 constituting the LC oscillation circuit 11, an eddy current loss occurs due to electromagnetic induction, and the effective resistance value of the detection coil L1 changes, and the oscillation of the LC oscillation circuit 11 occurs. Stops. That is, since the LC oscillation circuit 11 originally stops oscillating when the detected object is detected, the LC oscillation circuit 11 is supplied to the LC oscillation circuit 11 in order to prevent the LC oscillation circuit 11 from stopping oscillation due to the radio wave emitted by the unauthorized player. There is no need to increase the bias current Ib, and the bias current Ib may be increased only when the detected object is not detected.
[0031]
Therefore, in this circuit, the transistor Qsw is connected in parallel with the resistor R1b for setting the bias current, and the transistor Qsw is turned on / off according to the output signal of the detection circuit 2. When the detected object is not detected, the transistor Qsw is turned on. Since the ON state is established, the bias current Ib becomes Vcc / R1b. The bias current Ib at this time is set to about 450 to 500 μA similarly to the proximity sensor described in the basic configuration, and the LC oscillation circuit is applied even if the high frequency strong electric field generated by the unauthorized player is irradiated. 11 does not stop oscillating.
[0032]
On the other hand, since the transistor Qsw is turned off when the detected object is detected, the bias current Ib becomes Vcc / (R1a + R1b), which is lower than that when the detected object is not detected, thereby reducing the current consumption of the entire circuit. Can do. Therefore, even when the current consumption of the entire circuit is limited, by reducing the bias current Ib at the time of detection of the detected object, the bias current at the time of non-detection can be relatively increased, and irradiation from the outside It is possible to prevent the proximity sensor from malfunctioning due to radiated noise.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the invention of claim 1 includes an oscillation circuit unit including an LC oscillation circuit including a detection coil, a detection circuit unit for detecting the oscillation amplitude of the LC oscillation circuit, and an object to be detected from the output of the detection circuit unit. And an output circuit unit that detects a stop of the oscillation of the LC oscillation circuit that occurs due to the approach of and generates a detection signal indicating the presence or absence of the detected object, and the oscillation circuit unit supplies a DC bias current to the LC oscillation circuit a bias circuit which, by generating a current corresponding to the oscillation amplitude of the LC oscillator circuit and a current feedback circuit for feeding back to the LC oscillator circuit, the bias current at the time of non-detection of the detected object, a high frequency is applied from the outside and current level, such as the oscillation of the LC oscillation circuit is not stopped by the intense electric field of the radiation noise, during the detection of the detected object, to reduce the bias current of the bias circuit than during the non-detection Characterized in that a consumption current switching circuit to reduce the current consumption of the entire circuit I, the bias circuit at the time of non-detection of the test known object, not oscillate stopped by radiation noise of a high frequency strong electric field applied from the outside Since the bias current having such a current level is supplied to the LC oscillation circuit, it is possible to prevent the proximity sensor from malfunctioning due to radiation noise applied from the outside. In addition, since there is no problem even if a detection state is detected due to external noise at the time of detection of the detected object, the current consumption of the entire circuit can be reduced by the amount that the current consumption switching circuit reduces the current consumption at the time of detection of the detected object. Therefore, the bias current at the time of non-detection can be increased without increasing the overall current consumption by the amount that the bias current was reduced when detecting the detected object, and the proximity sensor malfunctions due to radiation noise applied from the outside. There is an effect that can be prevented.
[0034]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the current level is about 450 μA or more, and an effect similar to that of the first aspect of the invention is achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a main part circuit diagram showing a basic configuration of a proximity sensor according to the present invention .
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the above.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a proximity sensor according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a main part circuit diagram of the above.
FIG. 5 is a main part circuit diagram of another proximity sensor according to the above.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a proximity sensor according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a main portion circuit diagram of the above.
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a conventional proximity sensor.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the signal level of an injection signal injected from the outside into the oscillation circuit same as above and the oscillation amplitude.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the conductance of the detection coil and the oscillation amplitude.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Oscillation circuit 11 LC oscillation circuit 12 Bias circuit 13 Level shift circuit 14 Voltage-current conversion circuit 15 Current mirror circuit Ib Bias current L1 Detection coil

Claims (2)

検出コイルを含むLC発振回路を具備した発振回路部と、LC発振回路の発振振幅を検波する検波回路部と、検波回路部の出力から被検知物体の接近によって発生するLC発振回路の発振停止を検出し、被検知物体の存否を示す検出信号を発生する出力回路部とを備え、前記発振回路部は、LC発振回路に直流のバイアス電流を供給するバイアス回路と、LC発振回路の発振振幅に応じた電流を発生してLC発振回路に帰還させる電流帰還回路とを備え、被検知物体の非検知時におけるバイアス電流を、外部より印加される高周波強電界の輻射ノイズによってLC発振回路の発振が停止しないような電流レベルとし、被検知物体の検知時に、バイアス回路のバイアス電流を非検知時よりも低下させることによって回路全体の消費電流を低下させる消費電流切替回路を設けたことを特徴とする近接センサ。An oscillation circuit unit including an LC oscillation circuit including a detection coil, a detection circuit unit for detecting the oscillation amplitude of the LC oscillation circuit, and an oscillation stop of the LC oscillation circuit generated by the approach of the detected object from the output of the detection circuit unit An output circuit unit for detecting and generating a detection signal indicating the presence or absence of the object to be detected, the oscillation circuit unit having a bias circuit for supplying a DC bias current to the LC oscillation circuit, and an oscillation amplitude of the LC oscillation circuit A current feedback circuit that generates a current corresponding to the LC oscillation circuit and feeds back the bias current when the object to be detected is not detected. The oscillation of the LC oscillation circuit is caused by radiation noise of a high-frequency strong electric field applied from the outside. is decreased as the current level that does not stop, when the detection of the detected object, the current consumption of the entire circuit by lowering than during non-detection of the bias current of the bias circuit Proximity sensor characterized in that a consumption current switching circuit that. 上記電流レベルは約450μA以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の近接センサ 2. The proximity sensor according to claim 1, wherein the current level is about 450 [mu] A or more .
JP2000256996A 2000-08-28 2000-08-28 Proximity sensor Expired - Fee Related JP3885472B2 (en)

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