JP3899145B2 - Shock absorption structure of automobile - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a shock absorbing structure for a vehicle that absorbs shocks and vibrations to a vehicle body such as a passenger car, a bus, and a cargo truck.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various developments have been made for automobiles to ensure the safety of passengers in the event of a collision. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-61274, when an impact is applied to the body of an automobile from the rear side, the impact is absorbed by moving the seat to the rear side with respect to the floor panel to absorb the impact. Sheets are provided. The seat is provided with a shock absorbing moving rail mounted on a seat position adjusting mechanism fixed to the floor panel, and a seat pedestal attached to the moving rail. The seat pedestal is connected to the moving rail via an energy absorbing member. It is fixed to the fixed part.
[0003]
In the automobile impact absorbing sheet, when the impact acts on the vehicle body, the energy absorption member absorbs the impact energy while the seat base moves backward on the moving rail. The influence on the body part of the occupant located in can be reduced.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the impact absorbing sheet cannot absorb the impact energy transmitted to the floor panel, the impact on the occupant's foot placed on the floor panel cannot be reduced. Moreover, although the impact from the rear direction with respect to a vehicle body can be absorbed, there existed a problem that the impact from the left-right direction or a perpendicular direction cannot be absorbed. Furthermore, although the shock generated when the automobile is traveling on a rough road can be absorbed by the shock absorber, the impact energy and vibration that cannot be absorbed acts on the occupant, which leads to a problem of physical fatigue of the occupant. In addition, when valuables such as precision instruments are placed, the valuables may be damaged.
[0005]
On the other hand, an automobile shock absorbing structure in which the front part, the cabin, and the rear part of the vehicle body are formed separately and independent cabins are connected to the chassis via springs, elastic members, etc. is conceivable. There is a problem that it can be used only for the automobile having the frame structure and has a complicated structure.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is capable of reliably absorbing the impact energy and vibration of any direction of impact on the vehicle body to reduce the impact on the occupant's body and valuables. It is to be an issue.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an impact absorbing structure for an automobile according to the present invention has a double floor structure including a bottom panel in which a cabin bottom of an automobile is integrally connected to a vehicle body, and a floor panel separate from the bottom panel, The floor panel is movably installed on the bottom panel via an impact absorbing device, and a seat is installed on the floor panel, and at least the width of the floor panel in the left-right direction is formed to be substantially the same width as the bottom panel, The both sides of the vehicle body integrally connected to the bottom panel are provided with recesses that are recessed outwardly in the lateral direction in which both side edges of the floor panel are respectively fitted .
[0008]
In the automobile impact absorbing structure, when an impact is applied from the front, back, left, or right side of the vehicle body due to a collision or the like, the impact energy is absorbed by the impact absorbing device while the floor panel moves with respect to the bottom panel. Absorb. Further, it is possible to absorb shocks and vibrations that could not be absorbed by the shock absorber of the automobile during traveling on a rough road. In this way, since the entire floor panel is moved to absorb the impact energy and vibrations regardless of the direction of the impact, the influence on the body and valuables including the occupant's feet is greatly reduced.
[0009]
In addition, since the floor panel is formed to have at least the width in the left-right direction substantially the same width as the bottom panel, and the recesses into which the both side edges of the floor panel are fitted are provided on both sides of the vehicle body, It is possible to eliminate a gap with the side portion of. Therefore, it is possible to prevent inconveniences such as injuries due to a foot entering between the floor panel and the side of the vehicle body when an occupant gets on and off the cabin.
[0010]
The shock absorber is fixed to the bottom panel, a slide plate fixed to the lower surface of the floor panel and movably mounted on the support, one end fixed to the bottom panel and the other It is preferable that the end is connected to the slide plate and a plurality of springs holding the slide plate.
In this way, when the impact does not act on the vehicle body, the slide plate is positioned and held at the fixed position by the spring, so that the floor panel is also positioned and held at the fixed position via the slide plate. On the other hand, when a horizontal impact is applied to the vehicle body, the floor panel moves while being supported on the support via the slide plate, absorbs the impact energy and vibration by the expansion and contraction of the spring, and then the elasticity of the spring. Return and the floor panel is positioned in place.
[0011]
A lower case that fixes the support to the bottom panel and that has an upper end opened, an upper case that has a lower end that is movably fitted to the lower case, and a vertical spring that is housed in the upper and lower cases And a vertical damper having an upper end fixed to the upper case and a lower end fixed to the lower case.
In this way, the vertical spring expands and contracts via the upper case while the floor panel moves in the vertical direction when a vertical impact is applied, and the amplitude of the vertical spring is adjusted by the vertical damper via the upper case. Attenuate and absorb the impact energy and vibration.
[0012]
Or it is preferable to comprise the said impact-absorbing apparatus with the multistage laminated rubber which provided the high damping laminated rubber in multiple stages through the steel plate.
In this way, as in the case of the spring-type shock absorber, when the impact in the horizontal direction acts, the impact energy and vibration are absorbed by the displacement of the laminated rubber, and the laminated rubber also when the impact in the vertical direction acts. Expands and contracts to absorb the impact energy and vibration.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 1 to 4 show a shock absorbing structure for an automobile according to a first reference example which is a premise of the embodiment of the present invention.
The shock absorbing structure of this automobile has a double floor structure in which the bottom of the cabin 2 of the vehicle body 1 is composed of a bottom panel 3 and a floor panel 4, and the bottom panel 3 and the floor panel 4 are connected by a shock absorbing device 25A. It is. Although the vehicle body 1 includes a frame type structure with a separate chassis and a single monocoque structure, the illustrated vehicle body 1 is a front engine / rear drive type FR vehicle having a monocoque structure.
[0014]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cabin 2 of the vehicle body 1 is configured by integrally connecting a bottom panel 3, side steps 6 and 6, a front panel 7, a rear panel 8 and a roof panel 9. In the conventional automobile, the bottom panel 3 constitutes a floor panel. As shown in FIG. 2, a floor tunnel 3a through which a propeller shaft (not shown) is inserted is formed in the center portion in the front-rear direction. A pedal 10 such as an accelerator and an interior member 11 such as an instrument panel are attached to the front panel 7 and a shaft 12a of a handle 12 is inserted therethrough.
[0015]
The floor panel 4 has a shape smaller than the bottom panel 3 as shown in FIG. 3, and the gap S between each peripheral edge and the side steps 6 and 6, the front panel 7 and the rear panel 8 can be moved in the front-rear or left-right direction. It becomes a space. A left front seat 15 and a right front seat 16 are installed on the upper surface of the floor panel 4 via positioning rails 17 and 18, and a rear seat 19 is installed on the rear side. Further, the outer edge of the floor panel 4, as shown in FIG. 4, the shielding plate 20 for closing the gap S is is provided a floor panel 4. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, an arcuate protruding portion 4a corresponding to the floor tunnel 3a is provided at the center of the floor panel 4, and an opening 4b is provided at the shift lever mounting position of the protruding portion 4a. The shaft 4a of the speed change lever 21 is inserted into the opening 4b and connected to a transmission (not shown).
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 4, the shock absorbing device 25A includes a support 26A, a slide plate 27A, and a plurality of springs 28A.
The support 26A includes a mounting seat 29 fixed to the bottom panel 3 at the lower end and a ball bearing 30 at the upper end. The slide plate 27A is fixed to the lower surface of the corresponding floor panel 4, and is movably mounted on the ball bearing 30 of the support 26A. One end of the spring 28A is fixed to the floor tunnel 3a of the opposite bottom panel 3 or the side portion 3b connecting the side step 6, and the other end is fixed to the outer peripheral edge of the slide plate 27A.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 3, the shock absorbing device 25 </ b> A is installed at a position corresponding to the left and right front seats 15, 16, and is installed at each of the left and right sides of the mounting position of the rear seat 19. Further, four springs 28A are attached to the outer peripheral edge of the slide plate 27A with an interval of 90 °.
[0018]
In the automobile having the shock absorbing structure configured as described above, when no shock is applied to the vehicle body 1, the slide plate 27A is positioned and held at a fixed position by the spring 28A of the shock absorbing device 25A as shown in FIGS. Therefore, the floor panel 4 is also positioned and held in the illustrated fixed position via the slide plate 27A. In this state, the gaps S between the outer edge of the floor panel 4 and the side step 6, the front panel 7 and the rear panel 8 are closed by the shielding plate 20, so that passengers get on and off the cabin 2 and drive operations. It is possible to prevent inconveniences such as injuries by entering the gap S in the middle.
[0019]
When a horizontal impact is applied to the vehicle body 1 while the vehicle is running, for example, when another vehicle collides from the rear side, the slide plate 27A is placed on the ball bearing 30 of the support 26A of the shock absorber 25A. Each spring 28A of the shock absorbing device 25A is expanded and contracted while moving to the rear side together with the panel 4. Since the impact energy and vibration are absorbed by the expansion and contraction of the spring 28A, the influence on the entire body including the feet of the occupant is reduced. At this time, since the rear shielding plate 20 is in contact with the rear panel 8, the rear shielding plate 20 and the floor panel 4 relatively move.
Thus, after the entire floor panel 4 moves and absorbs impact energy and vibration accompanying the impact, the spring 28A is restored by elasticity to return the floor panel 4 to its original position.
Even when an impact is applied from the front side or the left and right sides, the impact energy and vibration are absorbed in the same manner as described above.
[0020]
5 and 6 show a shock absorbing structure for an automobile according to a second reference example .
The second reference example is provided with a plurality of shock absorbing devices 25B different from the first reference example . As shown in FIG. 5, the shock absorbing device 25B includes a support 26B having a mounting seat 29 fixed to the lower end and a support plate 32 fixed to the upper end, and a lower friction on the lower surface to increase the slipperiness. It consists of a slide plate 27B provided with a resistance coating and a spring 28B.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 6, the support 26 </ b> B is arranged in four rows in the left-right width direction with respect to the bottom panel 3, and is fixed to the bottom panel 3 via a mounting seat 29. . The support 26B is not limited to four rows, and may be arranged in two rows or six rows. The slide plates 27 </ b> B are connected to each other in a lattice shape by a frame member 33 and are fixed to the floor panel 4 through the frame member 33. Further, one spring 28B is attached to each of the front and rear side portions of the frame member 33, and two springs 28B are attached to both side portions with a required interval.
In the impact absorbing device 25B having the above-described configuration, when the impact in the horizontal direction acts, the floor panel 4 slides on the support 26B via the slide plate 27B, so that the impact is caused by the expansion and contraction of the spring 28B as in the first reference example. Absorb energy and vibration.
[0022]
FIG. 7 shows an automobile absorption structure of a third reference example .
The third reference example is provided with an impact absorbing device 25C different from the first reference example and the second reference example . The impact absorbing device 25C includes a support 26C composed of a lower case 35, an upper case 36, a vertical spring 37 and a vertical damper 38, a slide plate 27C having a low frictional resistance coating on the lower surface, and a spring 28C. Consists of.
[0023]
The lower case 35 has a cylindrical shape with an upper end opening and a lower end closed, and a flange-shaped mounting seat 35a for fixing to the bottom panel 3 is provided on the bottom surface. The upper case 36 has a cylindrical shape larger in diameter than the lower case 35 having a lower end opening and an upper end closed, and is externally fitted to the lower case 35 so as to be movable in the vertical direction. The vertical spring 37 is accommodated in the lower case 35 and the upper case 36 and holds the upper case 36 at a required height. The vertical damper 38 has an upper end fixed to the upper case 36 and a lower end fixed to the lower case 35.
[0024]
The support 26C is fixed to the bottom panel 3 at positions corresponding to the left and right front seats 15 and 16 and on the left and right sides of the position corresponding to the rear seat 19 as in the first reference example . The slide plate 27C is fixed to the lower surface of the floor panel 4 and is placed on the upper end of the upper case 36 of the support 26C. Further, four springs 28C are attached to the slide plate 27C at an interval of 90 °.
[0025]
In the impact absorbing device 25C, as in the first reference example , when an impact acts on the vehicle body 1 from the horizontal direction, the spring 28C expands and contracts while the floor panel 4 moves, and the impact energy and Absorbs vibration.
When a vertical impact is applied, the vertical spring 37 is expanded and contracted via the upper case 36 while the floor panel 4 is moved in the vertical direction, and the amplitude of the vertical spring 37 is increased via the upper case 36. Then, it is attenuated by the vertical damper 38 to absorb the impact energy and vibration. In this way, in addition to absorbing shock and vibration at the time of collision, the shock absorber 25C can also reliably absorb shock and vibration that could not be absorbed by the shock absorber of the automobile during driving on rough roads. The adverse effects on body fatigue and valuables are greatly reduced.
[0026]
FIG. 8 shows a shock absorbing structure of an automobile according to a fourth reference example .
The fourth reference example, the third reference example of the first reference example is provided with a different shock absorbing device 25D. This shock absorbing device 25D is composed of multi-stage laminated rubber in which high-damping laminated rubber 40 is provided in multiple stages via steel plates 41. In the impact absorbing device 25D, as in the first reference example , when the impact acts on the vehicle body 1 from the horizontal direction, the laminated rubber 40 is displaced while the floor panel 4 is moved to absorb the impact. . Even when a vertical impact is applied, the laminated rubber 40 expands and contracts in the vertical direction to absorb the impact.
[0027]
FIG. 9 shows an automobile shock absorbing structure of a fifth reference example .
In the fifth reference example , a shielding plate 42 for closing the gap S is fixedly provided on both side steps 6 and 6, the front panel 7 and the rear panel 8 connected to the bottom panel 3. In this way, since the structure is simple and the strength of the shielding plate 42 is improved, it is possible to reliably prevent inconveniences such as injury when an occupant gets on and off the cabin 2.
[0028]
FIG. 10 shows a shock absorbing structure for an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention .
In the present embodiment , the floor panel 4 is formed to be approximately the same size as the bottom panel 3, and each edge of the floor panel 4 is inserted into and removed from the side steps 6, 6, the front panel 7 and the rear panel 8 on both sides. A recessed portion 43 is provided that is recessed in a laterally outward direction so as to be fitted. In this way, the outer edge of the floor panel 4 is substantially flush with the recess 43 and there is no gap, so that the shielding plate shown in each of the reference examples is not necessary. In addition, it is good also as a structure which provides a through-hole instead of the said recessed part 43, and each edge part of the floor panel 4 fits in a through-hole.
[0029]
FIG. 11 shows a state where the shock absorbing structure is adopted in a front engine / front drive type FF vehicle. Since the floor tunnel 3a formed on the bottom panel 3 reaches the mounting position of the transmission lever 21 and the height of the vehicle body 1 of this FF vehicle is lowered, the floor panel 4 has a flat plate shape without the protrusion 4a. Only the opening 4b through which the shaft portion 21a of the transmission lever 21 is inserted is formed. When the transmission mechanism of the automobile is a column system in which a transmission lever is attached to the handle 12, the opening 4b of the floor panel 4 is not necessary.
[0030]
The automobile impact absorbing structure of the present invention is not limited to the above-described configuration, and various modifications can be made.
For example , the location where the shock absorbing structure is adopted is not limited to the bottom of a passenger car cabin, but may be adopted at the bottom of a cargo truck bed. In this case, suitable actions and effects can be obtained when transporting valuables that need to avoid the action of vibrations of precision instruments and the like.
Furthermore, the impact absorbing device is not limited to the configuration shown in the reference example and the embodiment , and may be any configuration that can hold a floor panel having a double floor structure so as to be movable in a three-dimensional direction.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, in the automobile impact absorbing structure of the present invention, the cabin bottom of the automobile has a double floor structure comprising a bottom panel and a floor panel, and the floor panel is placed on the bottom panel via an impact absorbing device. Therefore, when an impact is applied to the vehicle body at the time of a collision or the like, the impact energy and vibration can be absorbed by the impact absorbing device while moving the floor panel. In this way, not only the seat but also the floor panel is moved to absorb the impact energy and vibration, so that the impact on the body including the occupant's feet is greatly affected by impacts from any three-dimensional direction. Can be reduced. In addition, since the shock absorber can absorb shocks and vibrations that could not be absorbed by the shock absorber while the vehicle is running, body fatigue to the occupant can be greatly reduced. Also, even if valuables are placed on the floor panel, there is no risk of damage, so the use of automobiles is expanded.
[0032]
Furthermore, since the shock absorbing structure of the present invention has a structure in which the floor of the cabin is a double floor structure and the floor panel is connected by the shock absorbing device, it can be applied to an existing vehicle having a vehicle shape. Furthermore, the present invention can be employed in a vehicle having a frame structure or a monocoque structure.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view showing an impact absorbing structure for an automobile according to a first reference example of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional front view of FIG. 1;
3 is a schematic cross-sectional plan view showing the cabin of the automobile of FIG. 1. FIG.
4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part showing a shock absorbing structure of an automobile according to a second reference example .
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional plan view showing a cabin of an automobile according to a second reference example .
FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part showing a shock absorbing structure of an automobile according to a third reference example .
FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part showing a shock absorbing structure of an automobile according to a fourth reference example .
FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional front view showing a shock absorbing structure of an automobile according to a fifth reference example .
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional side view showing the automobile impact absorbing structure of the present embodiment .
FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional front view showing a state in which an impact absorbing structure is adopted in an automobile having another mechanism.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Vehicle body, 2 ... Cabin, 3 ... Bottom panel, 4 ... Floor panel, 15 ... Left front seat, 16 ... Right front seat, 19 ... Rear seat , 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D ... Shock absorber, 26A, 26B , 26C ... support, 27A, 27B, 27C ... slide plate, 28A, 28B, 28C ... spring, 35 ... lower case, 36 ... upper case, 37 ... vertical spring, 38 ... vertical damper, 40 ... laminated rubber, 41 ... steel plate , recess 43 .

Claims (4)

A double floor structure consisting of a bottom panel in which the bottom of the cabin of an automobile is integrally connected to the vehicle body and a floor panel separate from the bottom panel, and the floor panel is movably installed on the bottom panel via an impact absorber. And installing a seat on the floor panel ,
The floor panel is formed to have at least a width in the left-right direction substantially the same width as the bottom panel, and laterally outward so that both side edges of the floor panel are fitted to both sides of the vehicle body integrally connected to the bottom panel. A shock absorbing structure for an automobile, characterized in that a concave recess is provided . The shock absorber is fixed to the bottom panel, a slide plate fixed to the lower surface of the floor panel and movably mounted on the support, one end fixed to the bottom panel and the other The shock absorbing structure for an automobile according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of springs that are connected to an end of the slide plate and hold the slide plate. A lower case that fixes the support to the bottom panel and that has an upper end opened, an upper case that has a lower end that is movably fitted to the lower case, and a vertical spring that is housed in the upper and lower cases When the shock absorber for a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that consisted vertical damper lower end fixed to the lower case is fixed the upper end to the upper case. 2. The shock absorbing structure for an automobile according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing device is constituted by a multi-stage laminated rubber in which high-damping laminated rubber is provided in multiple stages via steel plates.

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