JP3899219B2 - Carbonization furnace - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carbonization furnace in which an organic raw material such as, for example, a piece of wood or a piece of bamboo is incompletely burned to form an extinguished coal.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
In recent years, due to the health orientation of society as a whole, the excellent properties of charcoal and other charcoal, such as moisture conditioning, deodorizing, negative ion release, harmful substance adsorption, antifungal and anti-mite properties, have attracted attention. Even in ordinary homes, charcoal itself has already been placed in various places and under the floor, placed in a rice cooker, or immersed in drinking water or bath water. In addition, chopped or powdered charcoal is stored in building materials such as wall materials, ceiling materials, floor materials, fittings such as fences and partitions, tatami mats, etc., and bedding such as futons. The products are also being commercialized, and their use is expanding in various fields, such as being used for soil reforming and being mixed into resins and ceramic materials, and the demand for these products is increasing.
[0003]
However, charcoal produced by a classic charcoal kettle is dense and hard as represented by Bincho charcoal, so it is unsuitable for applications such as deodorizers, adsorbents or soil conditioners, and is also suitable for production. It took time and effort, and it was difficult to mass-produce. In addition, the yield was low, the raw materials were limited, the cost was high, and the place where the kettle was installed was greatly restricted.
[0004]
In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention can use various raw materials, can adjust the combustion state according to its type, and can easily and easily produce charcoal in a soft extinguished state excellent in deodorizing performance and adsorption performance in a short time. An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization furnace that can be mass-produced, is structurally simple, and has few restrictions on installation locations.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a carbonization furnace according to claim 1 of the present invention is provided at a central portion of a furnace body 1 having a sealable inlet 10 and an outlet 11 as shown with reference numerals in the drawings. An exhaust tube 2 having an exhaust port 21 communicating with the inside of the furnace body 1 is provided at the lower portion, and has an opening degree adjusting means 3 for the exhaust port 21. A lower air inlet 4... And an ignition port 5 are provided, and an upper air intake port 6 is provided at the top of the furnace body 1, and the bottom of the plant material deposition layer introduced into the furnace body 1 from the inlet 10 is provided at the bottom. It is configured to ignite from the ignition port 5 and to incompletely burn these plant materials and take them out as charcoal from the extraction port 11.
[0006]
In this carbonization furnace, if the bottom of the deposition layer of the plant material in the furnace body 1 is ignited, air naturally flows into the furnace body 1 from the lower air inlet 4... And the upper air intake 6 as the plant material burns. The combustion gas enters the exhaust pipe 2 through the exhaust port 21 and is discharged to the outside from the exhaust pipe 2. At this time, the opening degree of the exhaust port 21 is adjusted according to the type and particle size of the plant material used, and the amount of air sucked from the lower air inlet 4 and the upper air intake port 6 is limited to be incomplete. By setting the combustion state, the combustion position gradually shifts from the lower side to the upper side of the deposit layer while leaving the charcoal-like charcoal in the lower portion, and finally all the charcoal-like charcoal is obtained up to the top of the deposit layer.
[0007]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the carbonization furnace of the first aspect, a plurality of lower air inlets 4 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction centering on the exhaust tube 2, and the air inlets 4. One lower air intake port 40 communicates with the lower air intake port 40 and the upper air intake port 6 and has opening degree adjusting means 7 and 8. In this case, since the air flow rate of the lower air inlet 40 and the upper air inlet 6 can be adjusted by the opening degree adjusting means 7 and 8, a combustion state suitable for carbonization of the plant material can be set more easily.
[0008]
In the invention of claim 3, in the carbonization furnace of claim 1 or 2, since the peripheral wall 1 b of the furnace body 1 is made of a metal plate, the combustion heat is transferred to the outside by the metal plate having high thermal conductivity. It is easy to dissipate, the progress of ashing due to excessive combustion resulting from the high temperature in the furnace is suppressed, and the yield of charcoal is improved.
[0009]
In the invention of claim 4, in the carbonization furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, since the room temperature far-infrared radiator coating 9 is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the furnace body 1, the carbonization efficiency is obtained by far infrared rays. Will improve.
[0010]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the carbonization furnace according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the furnace body 1 has a substantially vertical cylindrical shape and is configured such that the inner diameter gradually increases from the upper part to the lower part. Yes. In this case, the volume of the deposited layer decreases with the burning carbonization of the plant material, but the lower part of the furnace body 1 is widened, so that the deposited layer does not form a cavity in the interior as the volume decreases. There is no concern that the whole will be low and combustion will stop with the carbon dioxide accumulated in the cavity.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a half sectional side view of the entire carbonization furnace, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a schematic side view including.
[0012]
1-3, 1 is the furnace body which makes the substantially vertical cylindrical shape made from the steel plate or stainless steel supported by the multiple support legs 13, and the exhaust pipe 2 is penetrated along the axial center. The upper plate 1a is provided with an inlet 10 with an opening / closing lid 10a and an upper air intake 6 with a sliding damper 8 as an opening adjusting means, and a peripheral wall 1b with an outlet 11 with an opening / closing lid 11a. The bottom plate portion 1c is provided with a plurality of lower air inlets 4 formed of upright T-shaped tubes 40 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction around the axis of the furnace body 1. And the surrounding wall part 1b of this furnace main body 1 inclines in the hem | blade spreading form which becomes an angle about 2-3 degrees with respect to a perpendicular direction so that the internal diameter of the said furnace main body 1 may increase gradually from upper part to the lower part. .
[0013]
The exhaust tube 2 is in contact with the bottom plate portion 1c in a state where the opened lower end 2b is positioned so as not to be laterally displaced by a plurality of positioning projections 14 protruding from the bottom plate portion 1c, and the opened upper end portion 2a is the upper plate. It has a plurality of slit-like exhaust ports 21 along the vertical direction on the lower peripheral surface, and projects through the portion 1a to the outside, and the sleeve 3 that forms the degree of opening adjustment of the exhaust ports 21 moves up and down. It is fitted so that it can be fixed at a fixed position by a fixing screw 31. In addition, a wood / bamboo vinegar primary recovery case 23 that forms an enlarged base end portion of the flue pipe 22 is externally fitted to an upper end portion that protrudes to the outside of the exhaust pipe 2. The vinegar outlet pipe 23a leads out.
[0014]
A room temperature far-infrared radiator coating 9 is applied to the entire inner surface of the furnace main body 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust tube 2 located in the furnace main body 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 3 with a heat-resistant paint in which natural stone powder is dispersed. Has been.
[0015]
On the other hand, on the lower surface side of the bottom plate portion 1c of the furnace body 1, an ignition chamber 50 disposed in the center and an annular air distribution chamber 41 surrounding the periphery thereof are configured. Thus, the ignition chamber 50 constitutes an ignition port 5 whose lower surface side is opened and closed by a cover plate 52 that can be rotated about a pivot pin 51, and an upper portion that is formed in a bottom plate portion 1 c of the furnace body 1. The hole 15 communicates with the exhaust pipe 2. 53 is a wire mesh stretched on the side of the ignition chamber 50 of the through hole 15. The air distribution chamber 41 communicates with all of the lower air inlets 4 and has a lower air intake 42 with a sliding damper 7 serving as an opening adjustment means projecting laterally. In addition, the upright T-shaped tube 40 constituting each lower air inlet 4 has an upper tube portion 40a forming a T-shaped horizontal bar curved in an upwardly convex arc shape, and both ends thereof obliquely downward into the furnace body 1 In this way, clogging with raw materials and generated charcoal is prevented.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 4, the flue tube 22 is led out from the upper part of the furnace body 1 to the side, and is configured so as to reach the vertical chimney 22c through the horizontal part 22b from the hanging part 22a. In 22b, a heat exchanger 24, a fan 25, and a deodorizing tower 26 filled with activated carbon are sequentially provided. And the bamboo and bamboo vinegar secondary recovery pipe | tube 27 has derived | led-out from the position of the heat exchanger 24. FIG.
[0017]
In order to produce charcoal in the carbonization furnace having the above-described configuration, first, the opening degree of the exhaust port 21 of the exhaust pipe 2 is set to the upper and lower sides of the sleeve 3 in accordance with the type and particle size of the plant material such as wood pieces and bamboo pieces to be used. After adjusting the position, a predetermined amount of plant material is charged into the furnace body 1 from the charging port 10. Then, the bottom of the deposited layer of plant material is ignited from the ignition port 5 with an appropriate ignition tool such as a burner, and the ignition port 5 is closed and the lower air inlet 4... And the upper air intake port 6 are slid. The opening degree suitable for carbonization may be set by the dynamic dampers 7 and 8 and left for a certain period of time until the whole amount of the plant material in the furnace body 1 is carbonized.
[0018]
That is, if the bottom of the vegetable material deposition layer is ignited as described above, air is naturally sucked into the furnace body 1 from the lower air inlet 4 and the upper air intake 6 as the vegetable material is burned. At the same time, the combustion gas enters the exhaust tube 2 through the exhaust port 21 and is released to the outside. However, the air intake amount is determined by setting the opening of the exhaust port 21, the lower air inlet 4, and the upper air intake port 6. Because the combustion of the plant material is incompletely combusted, the combustion position gradually shifts from the bottom to the top while leaving the extinguisher-like charcoal at the bottom. It reaches the top of the bed and all becomes charcoal.
[0019]
In this embodiment, the air from the single lower air intake 40 flows uniformly into the lower air inlets 4... Equally distributed in the circumferential direction around the exhaust tube 2. There is no bias in the state, the combustion position remains at the same level throughout the furnace and the deposition layer moves from the bottom to the top, and the plant raw material charged is uniformly carbonized, resulting in a stable, high-quality charcoal. At the same time, the amount of air flow through all the lower air inlets 4 can be adjusted only by the opening degree of the lower air inlet 40. Further, since the room temperature far infrared radiation coating 9 is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the furnace body 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe 2, the far infrared radiation effect improves the combustion efficiency and shortens the carbonization of the entire deposited layer. There is an advantage of ending in time.
[0020]
FIG. 5 shows the results of a cotton fabric drying test using a room-temperature far-infrared radiator. This is prepared in two pieces, one each in the form of about 15 x 8 cm in length and width, 3 g weight of cotton cloth with water and expanded (both water content is about 3.7 g). The relationship between the drying time and the weight of the cotton cloth, with the cotton cloth suspended in a box of room-temperature far-infrared radiator and the other suspended in a metal can in an air chamber set at an air temperature of 60.5 ° C. Was investigated. In the figure, curve A1 is a cotton cloth expanded in a box of room temperature far infrared radiator, curve A2 is a cotton cloth expanded in a metal can, and curve B1 is a form squeezed in a box of room temperature far infrared radiator. The cotton cloth, curve B2, is a characteristic of each of the cotton cloths squeezed in a metal can. From this test result, it is clear that the drying of the cotton cloth is remarkably accelerated by the far-infrared radiation effect of the room-temperature far-infrared radiator, and the effect of improving the combustion efficiency by the room-temperature far-infrared radiator coating 9 in the embodiment of the present invention. Is suggested.
[0021]
On the other hand, in such a carbonization furnace, the volume of the deposition layer decreases with combustion carbonization of the plant raw material, but in the configuration of the present embodiment, the inside of the furnace body 1 is widened downward, so the deposition layer As the volume decreases, the whole becomes lower and no cavities are formed inside, so there is no concern that the combustion is stopped by the carbon dioxide accumulated in the cavities. In this carbonization furnace, for example, if the input amount of plant material is 800 kg, the generated charcoal is generally about 300 kg, and the deposit layer of the plant material injected into the furnace body 1 is not burned. If it is level L1 of FIG. 1, it will become the level L2 of the same figure after completion | finish of carbonization. Moreover, although combustion temperature changes with kinds and magnitude | sizes of vegetable raw material, it is normally set so that it may become about 450-500 degreeC.
[0022]
Thus, if the temperature inside the furnace body 1 becomes too high, ashing due to combustion after carbonization proceeds to cause a decrease in yield. However, in the above-described embodiment configuration, heat conduction that forms the peripheral wall 1b of the furnace body 1 is performed. Since the combustion heat is efficiently dissipated to the outside by the highly metal plate, the high temperature inside is avoided, and the progress of ashing due to excessive combustion is suppressed, thereby improving the yield of charcoal. On the other hand, when the peripheral wall 1b is made of a material having a low thermal conductivity such as brick, the heat storage temperature rises to a red heat state, so that the ashing remarkably proceeds and the yield is reduced. For the purpose of more reliably preventing the temperature inside the furnace body 1 from rising, as shown by the phantom line in FIG. 1, a water cooling jacket 12 is provided on the outer periphery of the furnace body 1 to actively exhaust heat by heat exchange. It is good also as a structure.
[0023]
Examples of plant materials to be used include wood chips, bamboo pieces, nut shells such as nut shells, etc., and these can be used in a mixed form, and even if the sizes are not uniform, there is no problem. In addition, wood and bamboo pieces were previously subject to disposal and incineration, such as waste materials from various wood and bamboo products, unnecessary residual materials and shavings generated in the lumbering and processing steps, pruned cuts, and harvested bush. Things can also be used. In addition, when the raw material to be used gets wet with rain water and contains a large amount of moisture, it is ignited after being dried in advance by supplying heated air from the lower air intake 40 after being put into the furnace body 1. It is sufficient to adopt a technique to do this.
[0024]
By the way, in the old days, volatile components that vaporize with heating of wood and bamboo materials mainly contain acetic acid and various organic components. Can be obtained from wood vinegar, and bamboo vinegar from bamboo. These are now valuable. Therefore, in the carbonization furnace of the above embodiment, in the wood and bamboo vinegar primary recovery case 23 fitted to the upper end portion of the exhaust pipe 2, it is condensed by natural cooling from the combustion gas up to the front of the hanging part 22a of the flue pipe 22. The obtained wood vinegar and bamboo vinegar are collected through the wood and bamboo vinegar outlet pipe 23a, and the volatile components in the combustion gas are forced by the heat exchanger 24 interposed in the horizontal portion 22b of the flue pipe 22. The cooled and condensed wood vinegar and bamboo vinegar are led out from the wood and bamboo vinegar secondary recovery pipe 27 for recovery. When the combustion gas passes through the deodorization tower 26, the odor component is removed, and the combustion gas is discharged from the chimney 22c to the outside as an almost odorless exhaust mainly composed of carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas.
[0025]
In the present invention, various methods other than those illustrated can be employed as the opening adjustment means for the exhaust ports 21 of the exhaust cylinder 2 and the opening adjustment means for the upper air intake 6 and the lower air intake 42. For example, with respect to the exhaust cylinder 2, an outer cylinder having a slit-like opening similar to that of the exhaust opening 21 is externally fitted to the exhaust cylinder 2 in the circumferential direction, and the opening of the outer cylinder and the exhaust opening 21 are connected to each other. The opening degree may be adjusted according to the degree of overlap. The lower air inlets 4 at the bottom of the furnace body 1 may be in any form that does not easily cause clogging with the raw material and the generated charcoal, and can be set to various structures other than the upright T-shaped tube 40 illustrated. As for the exhaust part of the combustion gas, a flue pipe provided only with an exhaust gas purification mechanism such as the deodorizing tower 26 may be employed if the recovery of the wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar is not intended. If no consideration is required, a simple chimney may be connected to the exhaust pipe 2.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
According to invention of Claim 1, various raw materials can be utilized as a carbonization furnace, a combustion state can be adjusted according to the kind, and also the soft charcoal state charcoal excellent in deodorizing performance and adsorption performance can be obtained in a short time. It can be mass-produced easily, is structurally simple, and has few installation site restrictions.
[0027]
According to invention of Claim 2, since the opening degree of an upper and lower air intake can be adjusted as said carbonization furnace, what can set the combustion state suitable for carbonization of a vegetable raw material more easily is provided.
[0028]
According to the invention of claim 3, as the carbonization furnace, the combustion heat is easily dissipated to the outside, the progress of ashing due to excessive combustion due to the high temperature in the furnace is suppressed, and thus a high char yield is obtained. What is obtained is provided.
[0029]
According to the invention of claim 4, since the carbonization efficiency is improved by far-infrared radiation as the carbonization furnace, it is possible to perform carbonization in a shorter time.
[0030]
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when the volume of the deposited layer is reduced as the carbonization furnace is burned and carbonized of the plant material, the entire deposited layer is lowered without generating a cavity inside, It is provided that there is no concern that combustion will stop with carbon dioxide accumulated in the cavity.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a half sectional side view of a carbonization furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view including ancillary equipment of the carbonization furnace.
FIG. 5 is a correlation diagram between drying time and cotton fabric weight in a cotton fabric drying test.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace main body 10 Input port 11 Outlet port 2 Exhaust pipe 21 Exhaust port 3 Sleeve (opening adjustment means)
4 Lower air inlet 40 Lower air inlet 5 Ignition port 6 Upper air inlet 7, 8 Sliding damper (opening adjustment means)
9 Room temperature far-infrared radiator coating

Claims (5)

At the center of the furnace body having a sealable inlet and outlet, an exhaust tube having an exhaust port communicating with the interior of the furnace body is provided at the lower portion, and has an opening degree adjusting means for the exhaust port. The bottom of the furnace body is provided with a plurality of lower air inlets and ignition ports, and has an upper air intake port at the top of the furnace body, and the bottom of the deposition layer of the plant material introduced into the furnace body from the inlet A carbonization furnace configured to ignite from an ignition port, incompletely burn the plant material, and take it out from the extraction port as charcoal. A plurality of lower air inlets are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction centering on the exhaust pipe, and these air inlets communicate with a single lower air intake port. The lower air intake port and the upper air intake port The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, further comprising an opening degree adjusting means at the mouth. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the peripheral wall of the furnace body is made of a metal plate. The carbonization furnace according to claim 3, wherein the inner peripheral surface of the furnace body is coated with a room temperature far infrared radiation radiator. The carbonization furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the furnace body has a substantially vertical cylindrical shape and is set so that the inner diameter gradually increases from the upper part to the lower part.

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