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JP3903120B2 - Copper sulfate plating method - Google Patents
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JP3903120B2 - Copper sulfate plating method - Google Patents

Copper sulfate plating method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3903120B2
JP3903120B2 JP2003061621A JP2003061621A JP3903120B2 JP 3903120 B2 JP3903120 B2 JP 3903120B2 JP 2003061621 A JP2003061621 A JP 2003061621A JP 2003061621 A JP2003061621 A JP 2003061621A JP 3903120 B2 JP3903120 B2 JP 3903120B2
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Japan
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plating
copper
plating solution
anode
chamber
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JP2004269955A (en
Inventor
昌幸 横井
務 森河
卓男 中出
眞市 左藤
進 湯屋
宏勝 清水
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OSAKAPREFECTURAL GOVERNMENT
Osaka Soda Co Ltd
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OSAKAPREFECTURAL GOVERNMENT
Daiso Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は印刷用ロールの銅めっき、プリント配線基盤のスルホール銅めっき、電解銅箔等の硫酸銅めっき浴からの銅めっき技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術および発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の酸性硫酸銅めっきにおいて、電気銅や無酸素銅を陽極として溶解すると、溶解過程で多量の一価のCu+イオンが形成され、これが不均化反応を起こすなどして、めっき液中に多量の銅の微粒子や亜酸化銅の微粒子を形成する。これがめっき液中に浮遊してめっき皮膜中に取りこまれ、皮膜に重大な損傷をあたえるため不都合があった。
【0003】
これに対して含リン銅陽極は銅の溶解性の点では優れていたが、やはりCu+イオンの形成は避けられず、めっき時にはめっき液を強く空気攪拌してCu+イオンを酸化除去しなければならず、この空気攪拌により、含りん銅陽極の溶解効率は100%を超え、長期の連続めっきを行うとめっき液濃度が増加し、最適品質の銅めっき皮膜を得られなかった。
また、含リン銅は溶解時に銅陽極表面にリン化銅を主成分とする黒いヘドロ状の付着膜を形成し、この中に金属スライムも形成される。これら陽極上の付着物は容易に脱落して溶液内に浮遊分散するため、通常、耐酸性の布袋(アノードバッグ)に銅陽極を装入しているが、この布袋がヘドロ状のスライムにより目詰まりを起こし、手間をかけて定期的に洗浄する必要があった。この場合、陽極上の付着物のめっき液内への脱落、浮遊分散は、アノードバッグで完全に除去できず頻繁にめっき皮膜にピットやザラツキなどの損傷を与えるなどの問題がある。また、含リン銅のコストそのものが高いという問題もあった。
【0004】
更に、以上の問題点とは別に、一般に金属陽極を用いる場合、めっき操業の過程で陽極自体の大きさ、陽極面積、被めっき面に対する配置が変化し、めっき厚さの分布が変化することも大きな問題であった。
【0005】
また、金属陽極を用いた場合、電極の不働態化を防ぐために必須の添加剤として加えられている塩化物イオンは、約40〜100ppmの間で管理する必要がある。ところが、めっき液の調製に水道水を使用した場合に、夏場など水道水の塩化物濃度が高いときなど、塩化物イオン濃度が増加し、銅陽極上で溶解度の低い塩化銅を沈殿形成してアノードを不動態化する不都合がある。このため、めっき液中の塩化物イオン濃度を約100ppm以下に管理しなければならないなどの問題があった。
【0006】
このような問題を解決するため、金属陽極の代替として不溶性陽極を導入し、更に、めっき処理によるめっき液中の銅イオンの消耗を補填するために、めっき槽と金属銅溶解槽を併設する方法が開示されている(特開平04-28895、特開平04-320089)。しかし、これらは銅イオンの補給に金属銅を用いているため、めっき液への金属銅の溶解性が悪く、めっき処理で消耗する銅イオンを十分補給することができなかった。また、不溶性陽極を直接めっき液中に設置しているため、不溶性陽極表面で、めっき液中に含まれる添加剤が分解消耗したり、塩素イオンが酸化されて塩素ガスが発生する問題があった。
従って、本発明の目的は、金属陽極を用いた場合の上記問題点を解決することであり、直接的には、その解決法として不溶性陽極を導入した場合の上記問題点を解決することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題について鋭意検討した結果、新規な硫酸銅めっき方法を見出し、本発明を完成するの至った。
【0009】
本発明は、カチオン交換膜でめっき液から隔てた陽極室内に、チタン基体に酸化イリジウムを主成分として被覆してなる不溶性陽極を設置した銅めっき槽 (A) 、酸化銅を溶解するための循環式溶解槽 (B) 、めっき液が銀と接触する部分 (C) 、および当該接触により生成する塩化銀を除去する部分 (D) からなる装置を用いて硫酸銅めっきを行うにあたり、カチオン交換膜の膜電流密度を3 A/dm 2 〜40 A/dm 2 、かつ、めっき液中の塩素イオン濃度を35〜1100ppmにそれぞれ制御することを特徴とする銅めっき方法を開示するものである。
【0010】
銅めっき槽(A)は、めっきを実際行う陰極室とそれに対してカチオン交換膜で隔てられた陽極室から構成される。陽極室には不溶性陽極が装填されている。
【0011】
本発明で使用できるカチオン交換膜は、炭化水素系のカチオン交換膜やパーフルオロカーボンのカチオン交換膜が好ましい。炭化水素系のカチオン交換膜としては旭硝子製のセレミオンやトクヤマ製のネオセプタなどがあり、パーフルオロカーボンのカチオン交換膜としてはデュポン社製のナフィオンなどが使用できる。
【0012】
本発明に使用できる不溶性陽極は、チタン基体に酸化イリジウムを主成分として被覆した陽極が好ましい。皮膜の密着性の点からは酸化イリジウムに酸化タンタル、酸化チタン、酸化スズなどを混合した混合酸化物の被膜が好適である。特に酸化タンタルと混合した酸化イリジウムが長時間の使用が可能である点で最も望ましい。
ここで、陽極反応は酸素発生反応が主であるため水素イオンが発生し、酸性度が増大してチタン基体の腐食が生じやすい。そのため、チタン基体と混合酸化物被膜の間に酸性電解液に耐食性の強いタンタル金属薄膜の中間層をスパッタリング等の方法で導入し、チタン基体の腐食を防止してもよい。
【0013】
本発明で使用できるめっき液は、通常の銅めっきに使用される硫酸銅水溶液であれば特に限定されない。硫酸銅水溶液の好ましい濃度範囲はCuSO4・5H2Oとして150〜300g/Lであり、H2SO4としては40〜70g/Lである。
【0014】
本発明に使用できる陽極室は、カチオン交換膜によりめっき液から隔てられ、内部に不溶性陽極が装填されて酸性電解液で満たされた形態をとっている。ここで酸性電解液は陽極上で酸素発生をする電解液であれば硫酸水溶液やりん酸水溶液等、特に限定されないが、めっき液の酸性成分と合致させるのがよく、硫酸水溶液が好ましい。好ましい酸性電解液の濃度範囲は40〜150g/Lである。
【0015】
酸化銅を溶解するための循環式溶解槽(B)は、めっき処理による銅イオンの消耗量を補填する機能を有するものであればいかなる構造であってよいが、より効率よく酸化銅を溶解し、不純物のない良質の銅イオンをめっき液に補充するためには、循環式溶解槽(B)の内部に隔壁を設けて酸化銅溶解室と緩衝室に二分するのが好ましい。この場合、両室間には不溶性の粒子その他の不純物を取り除くためにフィルタを設置してよい。
【0016】
酸化銅の形態は特に限定されないが、溶解性を考慮すると粉体を使用するのが好ましい。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の硫酸銅めっき装置は陽極室とめっき室をカチオン交換膜で分離し、陽極室に酸性電解液を入れ、めっき室に銅めっき液を入れ、陽極に不溶性陽極を使用し、かつ銅イオンの補給は酸化銅を溶解槽で溶解して補給可能にした装置である。
【0018】
本発明の好ましい装置の模式図を図1に示す。カチオン交換膜(10)でめっき液から隔てた陽極室内(11)に不溶性陽極(9)を設置した銅めっき槽(6)、酸化銅の溶解槽(7)、ろ過器(2)、循環ポンプ(3)、酸化銅供給装置(8)およびめっき電源(1)から構成される。本装置で被めっき物(4)がめっきされる。めっき液の攪拌は空気(5)を吹き込み気泡(12)による攪拌を行う。但し、攪拌は機械攪拌でもよい。めっき液はめっき槽からポンプあるいはオーバーフローにより溶解槽に循環され、溶解槽で酸化銅を溶解したのち、ろ過器をへて循環ポンプでめっき液槽に再循環される。
【0019】
次に、好ましい溶解槽の構造を図2に示す。溶解槽(7)は複数の隔壁板(18)およびフィルター(15)で仕切られた構造とし、酸化銅溶解室(13)と緩衝室(16)および隔壁とフィルターで仕切られた少なくとも1つの隔壁室(14)からなる。銅めっき槽(6)からポンプあるいはオーバーフロー(17)により導入されためっき液は、緩衝室(16)および溶解室(13)へ分流して供給される。この場合、溶解槽(7)に導入されるめっき液量が銅めっき槽容量と比較して十分小さい場合などでは、めっき液を分流せず、そのまま溶解室(13)に導入してもよい。
【0020】
溶解室に入っためっき液には酸化銅粉末を投入して攪拌により溶解し、これは第一番目の隔壁板をオーバーフローし、フィルターを通って第1の隔壁室にいたる。ここで用いられる酸化銅粉末の平均粒径は30〜60μmのものが速く溶解できる点で好ましい。フィルターはこの酸化銅粉末が溶解室で十分に解けきらないで隔壁室に移行するのを大部分防止するためのものであり、金属銅陽極に使われるアノードバックの布等を使用することができる。第2の隔壁板は下部に通液できるように隙間が設けられ緩衝室と連結しており、緩衝室に分流されためっき液と合流する。ここでは隔壁を2枚としたが3枚以上にして複数以上の隔壁室を設けてもよい。但し,液の流れは、隔壁板をオーバーフローするものおよび隔壁板の下部を通液するものであればよい。
【0021】
陽極室のカチオン交換膜の膜電流密度は、3A/dm2〜40A/dm2に維持するのが適当である。40A/dm2以上になるとめっき液中の塩素イオンが陽極室に漏洩し、それが無視できなくなり、かつ不溶性陽極上での塩素ガス発生をもたらす一方、3A/dm2以下では陽極室に銅イオンが浸出し、陽極室の液抵抗が大きくなるため好ましくない。
【0022】
本発明の硫酸銅めっき装置を用いてめっきを行う際、めっき液中の銅イオン損失量相当の酸化銅を溶解槽に投入・溶解することで、循環しているめっき液の銅イオン濃度を制御することができる。具体的には電流量から計算した酸化銅の必要量を人為的に溶解槽に投入してもよく、あるいは酸化銅の投入をコンピュータ制御により自動化することもできる。
【0023】
本発明の硫酸銅めっき装置には、めっき液中の塩素イオン濃度の制御を目的として、めっき液が銀と接触する部分(C)および生成する塩化銀を除去する部分(D)を装備することができる。めっき液が循環途中で銀と接触することでめっき液中の塩素イオンが銀と反応し塩化銀が生成可能であって、その生成した塩化銀が何らかの手段により捕捉除去可能であればよい。
【0024】
また、本発明の装置を用いてめっきを行う際、めっきによる銅イオン損失量相当の酸化銅を溶解槽に投入・溶解し、循環しているめっき液に含まれる銅イオン濃度を制御すること、および、めっき液を銀と適宜接触させることで塩化銀を生成させ、めっき液中の塩素イオン濃度を35〜1,100ppmに制御することを特徴とするめっき方法が開示される。
【0025】
めっき液が銀と接触する部分(C)または生成する塩化銀を除去する部分(D)は、溶解槽(B)の内部または循環路に設けられているのが好ましく、さらに望ましくは両部分が溶解槽の内部に設けるのが好ましい。具体的には、図2の溶解槽では、生成する塩化銀を既設のフィルターで除去できるため、隔壁室内部で銀とめっき液を接触させるのが効率の面で望ましい。
【0026】
使用できる銀の形態は銀板、銀粒子その他の形態であってよい。銀粒子等とめっき液との接触面積や接触時間等を制御することで塩素イオンの除去量を調整することができる。具体的にはサンプリングしためっき液中の塩素イオン濃度を分析し、適当量の銀を適当な時間、人為的に溶解槽の隔壁室に投入してもよく、または塩素イオン濃度の計測から銀の投入までをコンピュータ制御により自動化することもできる。
【0027】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
容量8リットルの矩形槽の内部を塩ビ制板で4室に仕切り、それぞれめっき室5リットル、溶解室1リットル、隔壁室1リットルおよび緩衝槽室2リットルとした。めっき室にはアクリル板およびカチオン交換膜(旭硝子製セレミオン)を用いて作製した液量500mLの陽極室を設けてある。カチオン交換膜面積は1dm2、陽極室液には5%硫酸を用いた。不溶性陽極にはチタン基体上に酸化イリジウム70モル%と酸化タンタル30モル%組成の被覆を30g/m2した電極を用いた。めっき液には光沢硫酸銅めっき液を用い、総液量は6リットルとした。液組成を表1に示す。光沢剤(ウイング製)をそれぞれ4時間ごとに0.2ml補給し、10時間ごとに純水で液面調整を行った。
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 0003903120
【0029】
各室にあらかじめ硫酸銅めっき液を満たしたのちマイクロポンプで緩衝室のめっき液をめっき室に導入して、めっき液を循環するようにした。この実験では分流していない。この状態でめっき室(めっき液量約4リットル)において真鍮板(10×6cm2)上に銅めっきを電流密度:10A/dm2(めっき槽電流6A),液温:40℃で40時間行った。4時間毎に真鍮板を取り替えめっき外観を観察した。この間、4時間間隔で、酸化銅 35.6g(4時間6Aの通電により析出した銅に相当する量)を溶解室に投入し攪拌溶解させた。Cl-イオン濃度は徐々に増加したが、銅濃度と硫酸濃度は安定しており、良好なめっき外観を長期間維持した。
めっき液の分析は、銅濃度はEDTA滴定で、水素イオンは中和滴定で、Cl-イオンは銀―塩化銀滴定で行った。
【0030】
【表2】
Figure 0003903120
1) Cu2+濃度はCuSO4・5H2O(g/L)を表す。以下全て同様である。
2) H+濃度はH2SO4(g/L)を表す。以下全て同様である。
【0031】
(実施例2〜7および比較例1〜4)
容量8リットルの矩形槽の内部を塩ビ制板で4室に仕切り、それぞれめっき室5リットル、溶解室1リットル、隔壁室1リットルおよび緩衝槽室2リットルとした。その模式図を図2示す。めっき室にはアクリル板およびカチオン交換膜(旭硝子製セレミオン)を用いて作製した液量500mLの陽極室をもうけてある。カチオン交換膜面積は1dm2、陽極室液には5%硫酸を用いた。不溶性陽極にはチタン基体上に酸化イリジウム70モル%と酸化タンタル30モル%組成の被覆を30g/m2した電極を用いた。めっき液には光沢硫酸銅めっき液を用い、総液量は6リットルとした。塩素イオンを除く液組成を表3に示す。
【0032】
【表3】
Figure 0003903120
【0033】
各室にあらかじめ硫酸銅めっき液を満たしたのちマイクロポンプで緩衝室のめっき液をめっき室に導入して、めっき液を循環するようにした。この実験では分流していない。この状態でめっき室(めっき液量約4リットル)において真鍮板(10×6cm2)上に銅めっきを10A/dm2(めっき槽電流6A)で20分間行った。この場合、20分間毎に真鍮板を取り替え、塩素イオン濃度をNaClを添加することにより10ppmから2000ppmまで変化させた。得られためっき外観を観察するとともにめっき硬さを測定した。30ppmまでは光沢はあるものの表面に瘤状突起が現れ、35ppmを超えると平滑で光沢のあるめっきが得られた。さらに塩化物濃度を上昇させたところ、1100ppmまでは平滑で光沢のある銅めっきが得られ、硬さもHv200程度であった。1200ppmを超えると光沢が失われ、めっき硬さも低下した。表4にその結果を示す。
【0034】
【表4】
Figure 0003903120
【0035】
(比較例5)
めっき室(5リットル)に実施例1の陽極室の代わりにチタンケースに含りん銅を充填してアノードバッグで覆った従来型の可溶性陽極を用いて真鍮板(10×6cm2)上に銅めっきを電流密度:10A/dm2(めっき槽電流6A),液温:40℃で40時間行った。その結果を表5に示す。時間の経過とともにCu2+濃度は上昇し、めっきの外観にもザラツキが見られた。
【表5】
Figure 0003903120
【0036】
【発明の効果】
めっき処理により失われるめっき液中の銅イオン相当量の酸化銅粉末を溶解室に投入することで、めっき液中の硫酸銅濃度を一定に保つことができ、良好なめっき被膜を安定に得ることができる。また、金属銅陽極を用いないので、銅陽極に由来するめっきのザラツキ、ピットを著しく抑制でき、金属銅陽極使用に伴うヘドロ除去等の作業時の危険性を効果的に回避することができる。
また、めっき液中の塩素イオン濃度の許容範囲が35〜1,100ppmと、可溶性の含りん銅陽極を使う場合に比べ大幅に広がり、めっき浴管理が簡単になる。
更に、めっき液中の塩素イオン濃度を制御することにより、光沢のある安定した銅めっき被膜を得ることが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】硫酸銅めっき装置の実施の形態を示す図である。
【図2】溶解槽を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 めっき電源
2 ろ過器
3 循環ポンプ
4 被めっき物
5 空気
6 銅めっき槽
7 酸化銅溶解槽
8 酸化銅供給装置
9 不溶性陽極
10 カチオン交換膜
11 陽極室
12 気泡
13 溶解室
14 隔壁室
15 フィルター
16 緩衝室
17 オーバーフローめっき液
18 隔壁板[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a copper plating technique from a copper sulfate plating bath such as copper plating for printing rolls, through-hole copper plating for printed wiring boards, and electrolytic copper foil.
[0002]
[Background Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
In conventional acidic copper sulfate plating, when electrolytic copper or oxygen-free copper is dissolved as an anode, a large amount of monovalent Cu + ions are formed in the dissolution process, which causes a disproportionation reaction. A large amount of copper fine particles and cuprous oxide fine particles are formed. This is inconvenient because it floats in the plating solution and is taken into the plating film, causing serious damage to the film.
[0003]
In contrast, phosphorous copper anodes were superior in terms of copper solubility, but formation of Cu + ions was unavoidable, and during plating, the plating solution must be vigorously agitated to remove Cu + ions by oxidation. By this air stirring, the dissolution efficiency of the phosphorous copper anode exceeded 100%, and the plating solution concentration increased when long-term continuous plating was performed, and an optimal quality copper plating film could not be obtained.
In addition, when the phosphorous copper is dissolved, a black sludge-like adhesion film mainly composed of copper phosphide is formed on the surface of the copper anode, and a metal slime is also formed therein. Since the deposits on these anodes easily fall off and float and disperse in the solution, a copper anode is usually placed in an acid-resistant cloth bag (anode bag). This cloth bag is covered with sludge-like slime. It was clogged and needed time and effort to clean it. In this case, dropping and floating dispersion of deposits on the anode cannot be completely removed by the anode bag, and there are problems such as frequent damage to the plating film such as pits and roughness. There is also a problem that the cost of phosphorous copper itself is high.
[0004]
Furthermore, apart from the above problems, when a metal anode is generally used, the size of the anode itself, the area of the anode, the arrangement with respect to the surface to be plated may change during the plating operation, and the distribution of the plating thickness may change. It was a big problem.
[0005]
When a metal anode is used, the chloride ion added as an essential additive for preventing the passivation of the electrode needs to be controlled between about 40 and 100 ppm. However, when tap water is used to prepare the plating solution, when the chloride concentration of tap water is high, such as in summer, the chloride ion concentration increases and precipitates copper chloride with low solubility on the copper anode. There is the disadvantage of passivating the anode. For this reason, there is a problem that the chloride ion concentration in the plating solution must be controlled to about 100 ppm or less.
[0006]
In order to solve such problems, an insoluble anode is introduced as an alternative to the metal anode, and a plating bath and a metal copper dissolution bath are provided in order to compensate for the consumption of copper ions in the plating solution due to the plating treatment. Are disclosed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 04-28895 and 04-320089). However, since these use metal copper for replenishment of copper ions, the solubility of metal copper in the plating solution is poor, and the copper ions consumed in the plating process cannot be sufficiently replenished. In addition, since the insoluble anode is installed directly in the plating solution, there are problems that the additive contained in the plating solution is decomposed and consumed on the surface of the insoluble anode, or chlorine ions are oxidized and chlorine gas is generated. .
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems when a metal anode is used, and directly solve the above problems when an insoluble anode is introduced as a solution. .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have found a novel copper sulfate plating method and have completed the present invention.
[0009]
The present invention provides a copper plating tank (A) in which an insoluble anode formed by coating a titanium substrate with iridium oxide as a main component is installed in an anode chamber separated from a plating solution by a cation exchange membrane, a circulation for dissolving copper oxide When performing copper sulfate plating using an apparatus comprising a dissolution bath (B) , a part where the plating solution comes into contact with silver (C) , and a part (D) that removes silver chloride produced by the contact , a cation exchange membrane A copper plating method is disclosed in which the film current density is controlled to 3 A / dm 2 to 40 A / dm 2 and the chlorine ion concentration in the plating solution is controlled to 35 to 1100 ppm.
[0010]
The copper plating tank (A) is composed of a cathode chamber in which plating is actually performed and an anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by a cation exchange membrane. The anode chamber is filled with an insoluble anode.
[0011]
The cation exchange membrane that can be used in the present invention is preferably a hydrocarbon-based cation exchange membrane or a perfluorocarbon cation exchange membrane. As hydrocarbon-based cation exchange membranes, there are Selemion made by Asahi Glass and Neoceptor made by Tokuyama, and Nafion made by DuPont can be used as the cation exchange membrane of perfluorocarbon.
[0012]
The insoluble anode that can be used in the present invention is preferably an anode in which a titanium substrate is coated with iridium oxide as a main component. From the viewpoint of the adhesion of the film, a mixed oxide film obtained by mixing iridium oxide with tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, or the like is preferable. In particular, iridium oxide mixed with tantalum oxide is most desirable because it can be used for a long time.
Here, since the anodic reaction is mainly an oxygen generation reaction, hydrogen ions are generated, the acidity is increased, and the titanium base is easily corroded. For this reason, an intermediate layer of a tantalum metal thin film having strong corrosion resistance may be introduced into the acidic electrolyte between the titanium substrate and the mixed oxide film by a method such as sputtering to prevent corrosion of the titanium substrate.
[0013]
The plating solution that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an aqueous copper sulfate solution used for normal copper plating. A preferable concentration range of the aqueous copper sulfate solution is 150 to 300 g / L as CuSO 4 .5H 2 O, and 40 to 70 g / L as H 2 SO 4 .
[0014]
The anode chamber that can be used in the present invention is separated from the plating solution by a cation exchange membrane, and is filled with an insoluble anode and filled with an acidic electrolyte. Here, the acidic electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it is an electrolytic solution that generates oxygen on the anode, but it is preferably matched with the acidic component of the plating solution and is preferably an aqueous sulfuric acid solution. A preferred concentration range of the acidic electrolyte is 40 to 150 g / L.
[0015]
The circulation type dissolution tank (B) for dissolving copper oxide may have any structure as long as it has a function of compensating the consumption amount of copper ions by plating, but dissolves copper oxide more efficiently. In order to replenish the plating solution with high-quality copper ions free of impurities, it is preferable to provide a partition inside the circulating dissolution tank (B) and bisect the copper oxide dissolution chamber and the buffer chamber. In this case, a filter may be installed between both chambers to remove insoluble particles and other impurities.
[0016]
The form of copper oxide is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use powder in consideration of solubility.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The copper sulfate plating apparatus of the present invention separates the anode chamber and the plating chamber with a cation exchange membrane, puts an acidic electrolyte into the anode chamber, puts a copper plating solution into the plating chamber, uses an insoluble anode as the anode, and uses copper ions The replenishment is an apparatus that can replenish copper oxide by dissolving it in a dissolution tank.
[0018]
A schematic diagram of a preferred apparatus of the present invention is shown in FIG. Copper plating tank (6) with insoluble anode (9) installed in anode chamber (11) separated from plating solution by cation exchange membrane (10), copper oxide dissolution tank (7), filter (2), circulation pump (3) Consists of a copper oxide supply device (8) and a plating power source (1). The object (4) is plated with this equipment. The plating solution is stirred by blowing air (5) and using bubbles (12). However, the stirring may be mechanical stirring. The plating solution is circulated from the plating tank to the dissolution tank by a pump or overflow, and after the copper oxide is dissolved in the dissolution tank, it is recirculated to the plating solution tank by the circulation pump through the filter.
[0019]
Next, a preferred dissolution tank structure is shown in FIG. The dissolution tank (7) has a structure partitioned by a plurality of partition plates (18) and a filter (15), and has at least one partition partitioned by a copper oxide dissolution chamber (13), a buffer chamber (16), and a partition and a filter. It consists of chamber (14). The plating solution introduced from the copper plating tank (6) by the pump or the overflow (17) is divided and supplied to the buffer chamber (16) and the dissolution chamber (13). In this case, when the amount of the plating solution introduced into the dissolution tank (7) is sufficiently smaller than the capacity of the copper plating tank, the plating solution may be introduced as it is into the dissolution chamber (13) without being divided.
[0020]
Copper oxide powder is added to the plating solution that has entered the dissolution chamber and dissolved by stirring. This overflows the first partition plate and passes through the filter to the first partition chamber. The average particle diameter of the copper oxide powder used here is preferable in that it can be dissolved quickly at 30 to 60 μm. The filter is intended to prevent most of the copper oxide powder from moving into the partition chamber without being fully dissolved in the melting chamber, and an anode back cloth used for a metal copper anode can be used. . The second partition plate is connected to the buffer chamber with a gap so that liquid can flow through the lower portion, and merges with the plating solution divided into the buffer chamber. Although the number of partition walls is two here, three or more partition walls may be provided to provide a plurality of partition walls. However, the flow of the liquid only needs to overflow the partition plate and flow through the lower part of the partition plate.
[0021]
The membrane current density of the cation exchange membrane in the anode chamber is suitably maintained at 3 A / dm 2 to 40 A / dm 2 . If it exceeds 40 A / dm 2 , chlorine ions in the plating solution leak into the anode chamber, which cannot be ignored, and cause chlorine gas generation on the insoluble anode, while at 3 A / dm 2 or less, copper ions are generated in the anode chamber. Leaching out and increasing the liquid resistance of the anode chamber is not preferable.
[0022]
When plating using the copper sulfate plating apparatus of the present invention, the copper ion concentration in the plating solution is controlled by controlling the copper ion concentration of the circulating plating solution by introducing and dissolving copper oxide equivalent to the copper ion loss amount in the plating solution. can do. Specifically, the required amount of copper oxide calculated from the amount of current may be artificially charged into the dissolution tank, or the addition of copper oxide may be automated by computer control.
[0023]
The copper sulfate plating apparatus of the present invention is equipped with a portion (C) where the plating solution comes into contact with silver and a portion (D) where the generated silver chloride is removed for the purpose of controlling the chlorine ion concentration in the plating solution. Can do. As long as the plating solution comes into contact with silver during circulation, chlorine ions in the plating solution can react with silver to generate silver chloride, and the generated silver chloride can be captured and removed by some means.
[0024]
Moreover, when performing plating using the apparatus of the present invention, the copper oxide equivalent to the copper ion loss amount by plating is charged into the dissolution tank, and the concentration of copper ions contained in the circulating plating solution is controlled, And the plating method characterized by producing | generating silver chloride by making a plating solution contact suitably with silver, and controlling the chloride ion concentration in a plating solution to 35-1,100 ppm.
[0025]
The part where the plating solution comes into contact with silver (C) or the part from which silver chloride formed is removed (D) is preferably provided in the dissolution tank (B) or in the circulation path, and more desirably both parts are provided. It is preferable to provide inside the dissolution tank. Specifically, in the dissolution tank of FIG. 2, the generated silver chloride can be removed with an existing filter, so it is desirable in terms of efficiency that silver and the plating solution are brought into contact with each other inside the partition wall.
[0026]
The silver form that can be used may be a silver plate, silver particles, or other forms. The removal amount of chloride ions can be adjusted by controlling the contact area, contact time, and the like of the silver particles and the plating solution. Specifically, the chloride ion concentration in the sampled plating solution is analyzed, and an appropriate amount of silver may be artificially introduced into the partition wall of the dissolution tank for an appropriate time, or the silver ion concentration may be determined by measuring the chloride ion concentration. It is possible to automate the process up to the insertion by computer control.
[0027]
【Example】
Example 1
The inside of a rectangular tank with a capacity of 8 liters was divided into four chambers by a vinyl chloride control plate, which were respectively 5 liters of plating chamber, 1 liter of dissolution chamber, 1 liter of partition chamber and 2 liters of buffer chamber. The plating chamber is provided with a 500 mL anode chamber prepared using an acrylic plate and a cation exchange membrane (Asahi Glass Selemion). The cation exchange membrane area was 1 dm 2 , and 5% sulfuric acid was used for the anode chamber solution. For the insoluble anode, an electrode having a titanium substrate with a coating of 70 mol% iridium oxide and 30 mol% tantalum oxide at 30 g / m 2 was used. A bright copper sulfate plating solution was used as the plating solution, and the total solution volume was 6 liters. The liquid composition is shown in Table 1. 0.2 ml of brightener (made by Wing) was replenished every 4 hours, and the liquid level was adjusted with pure water every 10 hours.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003903120
[0029]
After each chamber was filled with a copper sulfate plating solution in advance, the plating solution in the buffer chamber was introduced into the plating chamber with a micropump so that the plating solution was circulated. There is no diversion in this experiment. In this state, copper plating is performed on a brass plate (10 × 6 cm 2 ) in a plating chamber (plating solution volume of about 4 liters) at a current density of 10 A / dm 2 (plating bath current of 6 A) and a liquid temperature of 40 ° C. for 40 hours. It was. The brass plate was replaced every 4 hours and the appearance of plating was observed. During this time, 35.6 g of copper oxide (amount corresponding to copper deposited by energization at 6 A for 4 hours) was added to the dissolution chamber at 4 hour intervals and dissolved by stirring. Although the Cl - ion concentration gradually increased, the copper concentration and sulfuric acid concentration were stable, and good plating appearance was maintained for a long time.
The plating solution was analyzed by EDTA titration for copper concentration, neutralization titration for hydrogen ions, and silver-silver chloride titration for Cl - ions.
[0030]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003903120
1) Cu 2+ concentration represents CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O (g / L). The same applies hereinafter.
2) H + concentration represents H 2 SO 4 (g / L). The same applies hereinafter.
[0031]
(Examples 2-7 and Comparative Examples 1-4)
The inside of a rectangular tank with a capacity of 8 liters was divided into four chambers by a vinyl chloride control plate, which were respectively 5 liters of plating chamber, 1 liter of dissolution chamber, 1 liter of partition chamber and 2 liters of buffer chamber. A schematic diagram thereof is shown in FIG. The plating chamber has a 500 mL anode chamber prepared using an acrylic plate and a cation exchange membrane (Asahi Glass Selemion). The cation exchange membrane area was 1 dm 2 , and 5% sulfuric acid was used for the anode chamber solution. For the insoluble anode, an electrode having a titanium substrate with a coating of 70 mol% iridium oxide and 30 mol% tantalum oxide at 30 g / m 2 was used. A bright copper sulfate plating solution was used as the plating solution, and the total solution volume was 6 liters. Table 3 shows the liquid composition excluding chlorine ions.
[0032]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003903120
[0033]
After each chamber was filled with a copper sulfate plating solution in advance, the plating solution in the buffer chamber was introduced into the plating chamber with a micropump so that the plating solution was circulated. There is no diversion in this experiment. In this state, copper plating was performed on a brass plate (10 × 6 cm 2 ) at 10 A / dm 2 (plating bath current 6 A) for 20 minutes in a plating chamber (plating solution volume: about 4 liters). In this case, the brass plate was replaced every 20 minutes, and the chlorine ion concentration was changed from 10 ppm to 2000 ppm by adding NaCl. The obtained plating appearance was observed and the plating hardness was measured. Although up to 30 ppm, the surface was glossy, but bumps appeared on the surface, and when it exceeded 35 ppm, a smooth and glossy plating was obtained. When the chloride concentration was further increased, smooth and shiny copper plating was obtained up to 1100 ppm, and the hardness was about Hv200. When it exceeds 1200ppm, the luster is lost and the plating hardness also decreases. Table 4 shows the results.
[0034]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003903120
[0035]
(Comparative Example 5)
Instead of the anode chamber of Example 1 in the plating chamber (5 liters), copper on a brass plate (10 × 6 cm 2 ) using a conventional soluble anode filled with phosphorous copper in a titanium case and covered with an anode bag Plating was performed at a current density of 10 A / dm 2 (plating tank current of 6 A) and a liquid temperature of 40 ° C. for 40 hours. The results are shown in Table 5. The Cu 2+ concentration increased with the passage of time, and the appearance of the plating was also rough.
[Table 5]
Figure 0003903120
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
By putting copper oxide powder equivalent to the copper ions in the plating solution lost in the plating process into the dissolution chamber, the copper sulfate concentration in the plating solution can be kept constant, and a good plating film can be obtained stably. Can do. Further, since no metal copper anode is used, plating roughness and pits originating from the copper anode can be remarkably suppressed, and the risk during removal such as sludge removal associated with the use of the metal copper anode can be effectively avoided.
In addition, the allowable range of the chloride ion concentration in the plating solution is 35 to 1,100 ppm, which is significantly wider than when using a soluble phosphorus-containing copper anode, and the plating bath management is simplified.
Furthermore, a glossy and stable copper plating film can be obtained by controlling the chlorine ion concentration in the plating solution.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a copper sulfate plating apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a dissolution tank.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Plating power supply 2 Filter 3 Circulation pump 4 To-be-plated object 5 Air 6 Copper plating tank 7 Copper oxide dissolution tank 8 Copper oxide supply apparatus 9 Insoluble anode 10 Cation exchange membrane 11 Anode chamber 12 Bubble 13 Dissolution chamber 14 Partition chamber 15 Filter 16 Buffer chamber 17 Overflow plating solution 18 Partition plate

Claims (1)

カチオン交換膜でめっき液から隔てた陽極室内に、チタン基体に酸化イリジウムを主成分として被覆してなる不溶性陽極を設置した銅めっき槽Copper plating tank with an insoluble anode formed by coating a titanium substrate with iridium oxide as the main component in an anode chamber separated from the plating solution by a cation exchange membrane (A)(A) 、酸化銅を溶解するための循環式溶解槽, Circulating dissolution tank for dissolving copper oxide (B)(B) 、めっき液が銀と接触する部分, Where the plating solution comes into contact with silver (C)(C) 、および当該接触により生成する塩化銀を除去する部分And a portion for removing silver chloride produced by the contact (D)(D) からなる装置を用いて硫酸銅めっきを行うにあたり、カチオン交換膜の膜電流密度を3When performing copper sulfate plating using an apparatus comprising: a membrane current density of a cation exchange membrane of 3 A/dmA / dm 22 〜40~ 40 A/dmA / dm 22 、かつ、めっき液中の塩素イオン濃度を35〜1100ppmにそれぞれ制御することを特徴とする銅めっき方法。And the chloride ion concentration in a plating solution is controlled to 35-1100 ppm, respectively, The copper plating method characterized by the above-mentioned.
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WO2006126518A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-30 Think Laboratory Co., Ltd. Gravure cylinder-use copper plating method and device
JP2007046092A (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-02-22 Hyomen Shori System:Kk Apparatus and method for plating copper on sheet-shaped workpiece
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