JP3908181B2 - Stereo microscope - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a variable-magnification stereomicroscope having an objective lens, a variable-magnification optical system provided behind the objective lens, and an observation optical system having an imaging lens and an eyepiece. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Stereomicroscopes are widely used for medical purposes such as surgery and inspection, research, and industrial use, and are useful for improving precision and safety in surgery. Since such a stereomicroscope is used for the purpose of working on the examination site simultaneously with observation, the distance between the lower surface of the microscope body and the examination site is long due to the need for a wide working space. In addition, it is desirable that the distance from the eye position (hereinafter referred to as an eye point) where the examiner looks into the eyepiece lens to the site to be examined is such that the examiner's hand does not extend and the work can be easily performed. Furthermore, it is preferable that the mirror body portion is small so that the body portion of the microscope does not get in the way when the test site is observed with the naked eye.
[0003]
Also, if you want to observe very fine parts such as nerves, or if you want to observe the entire lesion part widely, the magnification that is convenient for observation differs depending on the usage situation, so ordinary stereomicroscopes have a variable magnification optical system. Have.
[0004]
An example of such a stereomicroscope is shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 16, the stereomicroscope includes a microscope unit 1, an arm unit 2 that holds the microscope unit 1, and a gantry 3 that supports the arm unit 2. The microscope unit 1 includes an optical system as shown in FIG. This optical system has an objective lens 4 that converts the light beam from the region E to be examined into an afocal light beam. Behind the objective lens 4 are a pair of afocal zooming lenses 5 and 5 ', imaging lenses 6 and 6', erecting prisms 7 and 7 ', and eyepieces 8 and 8', respectively. The pair of stereoscopic observation optical systems constitutes a Galileo optical system that allows the examiner's eye O to stereoscopically observe the region E to be examined. The afocal zoom lens 5, the imaging lens 6, the erecting prism 7, and the eyepiece lens 8 are all optical systems for only one eye, and the optical systems 5 ′, 6 ′, and 7 ′ for the other eye. , 8 'are not shown because they are overlapped with 5, 6, 7, 8 on the paper surface.
[0005]
Hereinafter, only the one-eye optical system will be described. The light beam from the region E to be examined is converted into an afocal light beam by the objective lens 4, and the parallel light beam that has passed through the objective lens 4 is passed through the afocal zoom lens 5 by the imaging lens 6 and the eyepiece 8. The image is formed on the front focal plane 8 f of the lens and is observed by the examiner's eye O by being erect by the erecting prism 7.
[0006]
In such an observation optical system, a recording device 9 is usually inserted for the purpose of recording surgery and education. In other words, the light beam splitting means 10 is disposed between the zoom lens 5 and the imaging lens 6, and the imaging lens 11, the mirror 12, and the imaging surface 13 are disposed in the light beam split by the light beam splitting means 10. Then, an image of the test site E is formed on the imaging surface 13 from the imaging lens 11 via the mirror 12.
[0007]
By the way, FIG. 1 of Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 55-7565 discloses an arrangement in which an assistant can observe and work by using an observation device for an assistant by using a beam splitting means. In this configuration, since only one of the left and right light beams is divided and used, the assistant cannot observe the test site in three dimensions.
[0008]
However, it is preferable that the assistant can perform a three-dimensional observation because the work is performed, and the direction of the observation image needs to coincide with the actual site to be examined. For this reason, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-91321 discloses a stereomicroscope that enables stereoscopic viewing of an assistant.
[0009]
FIG. 18 shows an optical layout of a stereomicroscope that enables the assistant to view stereoscopically by a method different from the above publication. Note that the optical systems that are basically the same as those shown in FIG. Reference numeral 14 denotes a light beam splitting unit which splits both a pair of light beams passing through the pair of left and right variable magnification lenses 5 and 5 '. Reference numeral 15 denotes a semi-transmissive semi-reflective surface that transmits half of the light beam and reflects half of the light beam. 6a and 6a 'are a pair of imaging lenses arranged in the observer's observation optical path, and 6b and 6b' are a pair of imaging lenses arranged in the assistant's observation optical path. Reference numerals 7a, 7a 'and 8a, 8a' are a pair of erecting prisms and a pair of eyepieces respectively arranged in the observation light path of the examiner, and 7b, 7b 'and 8b, 8b' are observation light paths of the assistant. A pair of erecting prisms and a pair of eyepieces disposed therein. Also in this case, as in FIG. 17, the afocal variable magnification lens 5, the imaging lenses 6a and 6b, the erecting prisms 7a and 7b, and the eyepieces 8a and 8b are all optical systems for only one eye. The optical systems 5 ', 6a', 6b ', 7a', 7b ', 8a', 8b 'of the other eye are arranged at positions overlapping with 5, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b on the paper surface. Therefore, it is not illustrated.
[0010]
Here, the light beam that has passed through the afocal zoom lens 5, 5 ′ is divided into two directions by the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface 15 of the light beam dividing means 14, and one of the divided light beams is imaged. The other is incident on the lenses 6a and 6a 'and the other is incident on 6b and 6b'. Therefore, both the examiner O and the assistant A can observe a stereoscopic image.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In general, a zoom lens is composed of two or more groups of lenses, and the zoom can be changed by changing the distance between the lenses. Is quite big. Therefore, in the stereomicroscope having the above-described configuration, since the variable power lens is arranged coaxially with the optical axis from the region to be examined, the eyepoint is high due to the length of the variable power lens in the optical axis direction. It has become. Further, if the distance required in the optical path for installing the light beam splitting means 10 in the optical path is D, the high eye point is further increased by D even when the recording device 9 and the assistant observation device are not added. It becomes impossible to take an easy posture when working on the test site E. Therefore, it is desirable that the eye point when there is no such additional device is made as low as possible and that when the additional device is provided, the eye point is prevented from being increased by the additional device.
[0012]
Further, even in the case of the configuration enabling the three-dimensional observation of the assistant described in JP-A-60-91321, if the distance from the bottom surface of the mirror body to the test site is secured, The eye point becomes high due to the space of the arranged light beam splitting means, which causes a problem that the examiner's posture becomes difficult.
[0013]
Further, in the case of the configuration using the light beam splitting means 14 described above, the eye point becomes high due to the space where the light beam splitting means 14 is installed in the optical path, which also deteriorates the workability of the examiner. Will come.
[0014]
The object of the present invention is to consider workability.The position of the eye pointCan be loweredProviding a stereomicroscopesois there.
[0015]
[Means and Actions for Solving the Problems]
  The stereomicroscope according to the present invention includes a mirror that receives light from a region to be examined, and a first optical axis that deflects incident light that is incident on the mirror and that is directed in a direction different from the optical axis of the incident light. A first optical axis deflecting unit, a second optical axis deflecting unit having a plurality of optical axis deflecting units for bending a plurality of optical axes deflected by the first optical axis deflecting unit, and the first optical axis deflecting unit. A light beam having an optical axis deflected by an optical axis deflecting unit of either the second optical axis deflecting unit or the second optical axis deflecting unit can be incident, and at least the incident light incident on the mirror body A pair of variable magnification optical systems provided at positions different from the optical axis of the optical system, and the second optical axis deflecting means provided at the position near the optical axis of the incident light provided on the mirror and incident on the mirror. An eyepiece optical system on which a pair of deflected light beams are incident, and the second optical axis deflecting unit includes: Have the optical axis deflecting unit for returning the optical axis of each of the pair of light beams emitted from the pair of variable power optical system in the optical axis direction of the incident lightFurther, the second optical axis deflecting unit forms an optical axis arranged at a position parallel to at least the optical axis of the incident light incident on the mirror body and away from the optical axis of the incident light. An optical axis deflecting unit, and the pair of variable magnification optical systems is provided on an optical axis disposed parallel to the optical axis of the incident light and at a position away from the optical axis of the incident light; The second optical axis deflecting unit is configured so that the optical axes of the pair of light beams emitted from the pair of variable magnification optical systems are parallel to the optical axes of light emitted from the pair of variable magnification optical systems. An optical axis deflecting unit that refracts the light emitted from the variable magnification optical system in the direction opposite to the direction of emission.
  With this configuration, the light beam having the optical axis deflected by the first optical axis deflecting unit enters the pair of variable magnification optical systems, and each optical axis of the pair of light beams emitted from the pair of variable magnification optical systems. Is deflected by the second optical axis deflecting means, and a pair of light beams deflected by the second optical axis deflecting means enter the eyepiece optical system, and an optical image of the region to be examined is operated through the eyepiece optical system. Observed by a person.
[0018]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, in each drawing, the same components as those in FIG.
[0019]
FIG. 1 shows an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention. This optical system is disposed in the microscope unit 1 as shown in FIG. The optical members such as the variable power lens and the imaging lens are shown only for the one-eye optical system as in FIG. 17, and the description of the stereoscopic observation optical system is omitted, but the same Galileo optical system as in FIG. It has become.
[0020]
In the figure, 16 is an observation optical axis from the test site E, 17 is an optical axis deflecting unit (first optical axis deflecting means) composed of a transflective member for bending the observation optical axis 16 by 90 °, and 18 is This is the observation optical axis after being bent by the optical axis deflecting unit 17, and the objective lens 4 and the variable power lens 5 are arranged on the observation optical axis 18. Then, behind the optical axis deflecting unit 17, as described below, the optical axis bent by the optical axis deflecting unit 17 is bent coaxially with the observation optical axis 16 while being bent a plurality of times at an angle of 90 °. A plurality of optical axis deflecting units 19, 21, 23 as two optical axis deflecting means are arranged.
[0021]
That is, 19 is an optical axis deflection unit for bending the observation optical axis 18 upward by 90 °, 20 is an observation optical axis after being bent by the optical axis deflection unit 19, and 21 is an observation optical axis 20 bent by 90 °. This is an optical axis deflecting unit made of a transflective member that is parallel to the observation optical axis 18. Reference numeral 22 denotes an observation optical axis after the observation optical axis 20 is bent by the optical axis deflecting unit 21. Reference numeral 23 denotes an optical axis deflecting unit for bending the observation optical axis 22 upward by 90 ° so as to be coaxial with the observation optical axis 16 again, and reference numeral 24 is coaxial with the observation optical axis 16 by the optical axis deflecting unit 23. Observation optical axis. Further, an imaging lens 6, an erecting prism 7, and an eyepiece lens 8 are disposed behind the optical axis deflecting unit 23, respectively.
[0022]
Reference numeral 25 denotes a light beam splitting unit disposed on the observation optical axis 22. Reference numeral 26 denotes an optical axis after being reflected by the light beam splitting unit 25, which advances in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. Thereafter, the optical axis 26 is made incident on the imaging lens 11 of the recording device 9 in FIG.
[0023]
Reference numeral 27 denotes an in-field display device arranged on the extension of the optical axis 22, 28 denotes a display plate, and 29 denotes a relay lens that converts a light beam emitted from the display plate 28 into an afocal light beam. IL is an illumination light source, and is arranged behind the optical axis deflecting unit 17 made of the above-described semi-transmissive and semi-reflective member and on an extension line of the observation optical axis 16.
[0024]
Next, the flow of the light beam in the optical system having the above configuration will be described. The light beam from the test site E is refracted by the optical axis deflecting unit 17, passes through the objective lens 4, becomes an afocal light beam, and enters the afocal variable magnification lens 5. The light is emitted from the variable power lens 5 as an afocal light beam. This light beam is further bent by the optical axis deflecting units 19 and 21 and then divided into two by the light beam dividing unit 25. One light beam divided by the light beam splitting unit 25 is imaged on the imaging surface 13 of the recording device 9 (see FIG. 17), and the other light beam is further refracted by the optical axis deflecting unit 23. An imaging light beam is formed by the imaging lens 6, and the image is erected by the erecting prism 7. Therefore, the test site E is observed by the examiner O through the eyepiece 8.
[0025]
On the other hand, the light beam emitted from the display panel 28 becomes an afocal light beam through the relay lens 29, and overlaps the observation optical axis 22 with the optical axis deflecting unit 21 made of a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective member as a light beam coupling means. Then, the light is split by the light beam splitting unit 25 and various information is projected on the imaging surface 13 of the recording device 9 and the examiner's eye O. Further, the illumination light emitted from the illumination light source IL illuminates the test site E from the same direction as the observation optical axis 16 via the optical axis deflecting unit 17 made of the above-described transflective member.
[0026]
As described above, in the stereomicroscope of the present embodiment, the variable power lens 5 is arranged on the optical axis substantially perpendicular to the straight line connecting the region E to be examined and the examiner's eye O. This has a great advantage in work that the eye point is lowered regardless of the length of the lens 5 in the optical axis direction. Further, since the light beam splitting unit 25 for taking the light beam into the TV recording device or the like is also arranged at a position where the eye point is not raised, that is, on the observation optical axis 22 substantially perpendicular to the observation optical axis 16, the TV recording device. Even when an additional device such as the above is provided, the eye point does not increase. Furthermore, in recent years, attempts have been made to display various information in the field of view of the microscope for the purpose of improving the efficiency of the operation. Can be easily provided without lowering.
[0027]
In this embodiment, the objective lens 4 is arranged on the observation optical axis 18 and the imaging lens 6 is arranged on the observation optical axis 24. However, the objective lens 4 is arranged on the observation optical axis 16 and connected. Even when the image lens 6 is arranged on the observation optical axis 22, there is no support for the reduction of the eye point.
[0028]
FIGS. 2 and 3 show a second embodiment of the present invention, which is a stereomicroscope that allows an assistant to observe stereoscopically. FIG. 2 is a view of the optical system of the present invention viewed from the same direction as FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 shows only the assistant optical path in the optical system of the present invention. As in the first embodiment, only a single-eye optical system is shown.
[0029]
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 30 denotes a light beam splitting unit made of a semi-transmissive / semi-reflective member, which is disposed on the observation optical axis 18 and between the objective lens 4 and the variable power lens 5. Reference numeral 31 denotes an optical axis after the optical axis 18 is bent by 90 ° by the light beam splitting section 30, and 32 in FIG. 3 denotes an optical axis deflecting section for bending the optical axis 31. Reference numeral 33 denotes an optical axis after the optical axis 31 is bent by the optical axis deflecting unit 32. Further, behind the optical axis deflecting unit 32, imaging lenses 34 and 34 'erecting prisms 35 and 35' and eyepieces 36 and 36 'are sequentially arranged. Reference numeral 37 denotes a dove prism disposed on the optical axis 31, which functions to rotate the observation image so as to align the actual observation direction with the orientation of the observation image. The dove prism 37 has a size through which both a pair of left and right light beams incident on the pair of left and right imaging lenses 34 and 34 'pass.
[0030]
According to the above configuration, the light beam from the test site E passes through the objective lens 4 and becomes an afocal light beam. Then, the light beam reflected by the light beam splitting unit 30 is guided to the assistant observation optical system shown in FIG. 3, passes through the dove prism 37, is bent by the optical axis deflecting unit 32, and then forms a pair of left and right links. The light is incident on the image lenses 34 and 34 ', and the image is erected by the erecting prisms 35 and 35'. Therefore, the test site E is stereoscopically observed by the assistant A with the eyepieces 36 and 36 '. On the other hand, the light beam that has passed through the light beam splitting unit 30 enters the zoom lens 5, follows the same optical path as in the first embodiment, and reaches the eyepiece lens 8.
[0031]
As described above, according to this embodiment, there is an excellent practical effect that the eye point of the examiner O does not increase despite having an assistant optical system capable of stereoscopic observation.
[0032]
FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, which is a surgical microscope that enables stereoscopic observation of an assistant as in the second embodiment. The configuration of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the same observation optical system as that of the examiner O is added as an assistant behind the optical axis deflecting portion 21 made of a transflective member.
[0033]
That is, a pair of imaging lenses 3a and 3a ', a pair of erecting prisms 4a and 4a', and a pair of eyepieces 5a and 5a 'are sequentially arranged behind the optical axis deflecting unit 23, and the optical axis. A pair of imaging lenses 3b and 3b ', a pair of erecting prisms 4a and 4a', and a pair of eyepieces 5a and 5a 'are sequentially arranged behind the deflecting unit 21. However, the figure shows only the optical system for one eye, and the optical systems 3a ′, 3b ′, 4a ′, 4b ′, 5a ′, and 5b ′ for the other eyes are omitted.
[0034]
According to this configuration, the examiner O can stereoscopically observe the image formed by the imaging lenses 3a and 3a 'by the eyepieces 5a and 5a', and the assistant A is connected by the imaging lenses 3b and 3b '. The imaged image can be stereoscopically observed by the pair of eyepieces 5b and 5b ′. Even though the assistant A can observe the test site E three-dimensionally in the same manner as the examiner O, the eye point of the examiner O is not increased, and the eye point of the assistant A is also the examiner O. Because it can be the same height as that of, it is very easy to operate.
[0035]
5 to 10 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Conventionally, the test site is moved using an arm having a function capable of moving or tilting the microscope unit 1, whereas in the present embodiment, this is achieved by the optical configuration of the microscope unit 1. Can be performed.
[0036]
That is, the variable magnification optical system 38 of this embodiment is not composed of a pair of left and right to correspond to the left and right eyes of the examiner O as in the first to third embodiments. It consists of a single lens system, like the variable magnification optical system of a stereomicroscope described in the back of No. 156412.
[0037]
In FIG. 5, the optical axis deflecting unit 39 is disposed at the same position as the optical axis deflecting unit 17 in FIG. 1, and can be tilted with the intersection B of the observation optical axis 16 and the observation optical axis 18 as a fixed point. Yes. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the optical axis deflection unit 39 is supported by rotating shafts 40 and 41 whose extension of the center line intersects at the intersection B at a right angle. Reference numeral 42 denotes a connecting portion that is integral with the rotary shaft 40 and rotatably supports the rotary shaft 41. A motor 43 for rotating the rotary shaft 40 and a detecting means 44 (for example, an encoder) for detecting the rotation angle of the rotary shaft 40 are attached to the rotary shaft 40. On the other hand, a motor 45 for rotating the rotation shaft 41 and a detection means 46 (for example, an encoder) for detecting the rotation angle of the rotation shaft 41 are attached to the rotation shaft 41.
[0038]
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 47 denotes a dove prism, which constitutes an image rotor data so that the observation image is rotated by rotating about the observation optical axis 22. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 48 denotes a microscope unit in which the optical system shown in FIG. 5 is arranged. 49 is a mirror moving device as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-21887, and can hold the microscope unit 48 and simultaneously move the microscope unit 48 in all directions within a horizontal plane.
[0039]
In this configuration, when the rotation shaft 41 is perpendicular to the paper surface as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the rotation shaft 41 is rotated by driving the motor 45 so as to be in front of the objective lens 4. When the disposed optical axis deflecting portion 39 is tilted as indicated by 39 ', the test site E is changed to E' (see FIG. 6). Although not shown, when the rotation shaft 40 is coaxial with the optical axis 18, if the rotation shaft 40 is rotated by driving the motor 43, the test site E is perpendicular to the paper surface. Moving. Furthermore, if the two rotary shafts 40 and 41 are combined at an arbitrary rotational direction and rotational angle, the observation visual field can be freely moved. Further, the tilt of the observation image caused by the rotation of the rotating shaft 40 can be adjusted to the actual observation direction by rotating the dove prism 42.
[0040]
Further, according to this configuration, not only the observation visual field can be moved, but also the observation angle can be changed while the observation visual field is fixed. FIG. 10 is an example of an electric block diagram for realizing this electrically. Reference numeral 50 denotes a calculation unit that calculates the movement direction and the movement amount of the mirror moving device 49 based on the detection values of the detection means 44 and 46 '. A control circuit 51 controls the mirror moving device 49 based on the calculation result of the calculation means 50. Reference numeral 52 denotes a drive circuit for the mirror moving device 49 controlled by the control circuit 51. Further, the movement amount and the movement direction calculated by the calculation means 50 are obtained from the rotation angles of the rotary shafts 40 and 41, and the movement amount (L of the test site E caused by the inclination of the optical axis deflection unit 39). ) And the direction of movement is the opposite direction. The motors 43 and 45 for rotating the rotary shafts 40 and 41 are electrically driven by signals from an external switch (not shown). Therefore, the observation angle changes while the test site E is fixed (FIG. 7).
[0041]
Usually, the arm part that holds the microscope part is configured so that the position of the microscope part can be changed or tilted when the site to be examined needs to be changed, such as when the surgical site is extensive. . However, as a matter of course, as the number of functions increases, the structure of the arm becomes more complex and the entire apparatus becomes larger. In addition to the surgical microscope, the operating room is equipped with various devices such as a bed and anesthesia equipment, so the room space tends to be narrow, and the increase in the size of the surgical microscope is a narrow work. The space is further narrowed, which is not preferable in performing a surgical operation. In addition, when the arm portion is moved by hand to move the microscope portion, the surgeon is forced to interrupt the surgical operation. Therefore, it is preferable that the arm portion can be moved electrically.
[0042]
However, such a requirement is sufficiently satisfied by the embodiment described above. Conventionally, in order to change the test site, the arm portion had to be configured in a complicated and large size, but in this embodiment, the optical axis deflecting portion 39 is simply tilted by operating an external switch. The test site can be easily changed. Further, the tilting of the image when the optical axis deflection unit 39 is rotated around the observation optical axis 18 can be easily corrected by rotating the dove prism 47. Further, the combination with the mirror moving device 49 makes it possible to easily change the observation angle while the test site is fixed, which is more convenient in performing the operation.
[0043]
FIG. 11 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the first to fourth embodiments, the observation optical axis is refracted four times from the test site to the erecting prism, whereas this embodiment is refracted six times. It is.
[0044]
That is, 53 is an observation optical axis after the observation optical axis 20 is deflected by the optical axis deflecting unit 21, and 54 is for refracting the observation optical axis 53 again downward in the drawing so as to be parallel to the observation optical axis 20. This is an optical axis deflection unit. 55 is an observation optical axis after being refracted by the optical axis deflecting unit 54, and 56 is an optical axis deflecting unit having a function of bending the observation optical axis 55 90 ° to the left side of the paper to be parallel to the observation optical axis 18. It is. Reference numeral 57 denotes an observation optical axis obtained by bending the observation optical axis 55 by the optical axis deflecting unit 56. An optical axis deflecting unit 58 refracts the observation optical axis 57 so as to overlap with an extension line of the observation optical axis 16. Reference numeral 59 denotes an observation optical axis refracted by the optical axis deflecting unit 58, which is converted into an imaging light beam by the imaging lens 6, and the image is erected by the erecting prism 7. Then, after erecting by the erecting prism 7, it is observed by the examiner O through the eyepiece 8. In this embodiment, the zoom lens 5 is arranged on the observation optical axis 20.
[0045]
According to the configuration of the present embodiment, the light beam from the region E to be examined is bent backward by the optical axis deflecting unit 17 as viewed from the examiner O, and then converted into an afocal light beam by the objective lens 4. Thereafter, the light beam is further bent upward by the optical axis deflecting unit 19, passes through the afocal zoom lens 5, and is bent to the examiner O side by the optical axis deflecting unit 21. The light beam bent to the examiner O side is further bent downward by the optical axis deflecting unit 54, and then bent again to the examiner O side by the optical axis deflecting unit 56, and is examined by the optical axis deflecting unit 58. It becomes coaxial with the light beam from the part E.
[0046]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the length in the depth direction (indicated by F in the figure) is shortened when viewed from the examiner O, an obstacle (such as forceps) is placed behind the microscope unit. It is advantageous for interference when a table to be set is arranged. Further, since any of the optical axis deflecting portions 21 and 54 is formed of a semi-transmissive / semi-reflective member, the recording apparatus can be attached, and there is an advantage that the degree of freedom in design is increased. Furthermore, it goes without saying that increasing the number of reflections increases the degree of freedom in design.
[0047]
12 and 13 show a sixth embodiment of the present invention. As described above, a surgical microscope is usually composed of a microscope unit 1, an arm unit 2 that supports the microscope unit 1 movably, and a gantry 3 that supports the arm unit 2, as shown in FIG. In this embodiment, a part of the observation optical system is arranged in the arm part 2.
[0048]
That is, the optical system of FIG. 12 is obtained by removing the in-field display device 9 from the configuration of FIG. 1, and the optical system of FIG. 13 is the same as the configuration of FIG. In the figure, reference numerals 60 and 61 denote the outer shape of the microscope part, and 62 and 63 denote the outer shape of the arm part. In FIG. 12, the microscope unit 60 and the arm unit 62 are connected on the observation optical axes 18 and 22. In FIG. 13, the microscope unit 61 and the arm unit 63 are connected on the observation optical axes 18 and 57.
[0049]
According to this configuration, the entire optical system is not built in the microscope units 60 and 61, but a part of the optical system is arranged inside the conventional arm units 62 and 63 by the routing. Become. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an increase in the size of the microscope unit caused by inclining or translating the variable magnification optical system with respect to the optical axis from the test site by the optical axis deflecting unit.
[0050]
14 and 15 show a seventh embodiment of the present invention. 14, 64 is the patient's eye observed by the examiner, and 65 in FIG. 15 is the patient's throat. Reference numeral 66 denotes an optical axis deflecting unit that deflects the observation optical axis 67 by 90 °, and reference numeral 68 denotes an optical axis deflected by the optical axis deflecting unit 66. Reference numerals 69 and 70 respectively denote an objective lens and an optical axis deflecting unit for converting an incident light beam on the optical axis 68 into an afocal light beam, and both are disposed in the housing 71. Reference numeral 72 denotes an optical axis deflected by the optical axis deflecting unit 70.
[0051]
Here, the housing 71 is rotated around the optical axis 72 by a knob 73 integrated therewith. The optical axis deflecting units 74 and 75 deflect the optical axis 72 by 90 ° to make it parallel to the optical axis 68. The optical axis deflection unit 74 has an odd-numbered reflection surface, and the optical axis deflection unit 75 has an even-numbered reflection surface. Further, both of the optical axis deflecting portions 74 and 75 are arranged in the housing 76 and are selected on the optical axis 72 by being selected by the rotation of the knob 77 integrated with the housing 76 (indicated by J in the figure). . An optical axis 78 is made parallel to the optical axis 68 by the optical axis deflecting unit 74 or 75. Reference numeral 5 denotes a variable power lens disposed on the optical axis 78, and 79 denotes an optical axis deflecting unit that deflects the optical axis 78 by 90 ° to coincide with the extended line of the optical axis 67. Reference numeral 80 denotes an optical axis deflected by the optical axis deflecting unit 79. In addition, an imaging lens 6, an erecting prism 7, and an eyepiece 8 are sequentially arranged behind the optical axis deflecting unit 75.
[0052]
In the configuration of the present embodiment, in the first state where the test site is on the optical axis 67, the objective lens 69 is positioned between the optical axis deflection unit 66 and the optical axis deflection unit 70 as shown in FIG. Then, the housing 71 is arranged. Further, a housing 76 is disposed on the optical axis 72 so that the optical axis deflection unit 74 is disposed. According to this, the observation light beam from the patient's eye 64 is deflected by 90 ° by the optical axis deflecting unit 66, enters the objective lens 69, is emitted as an afocal light beam, and then 90 ° by the optical axis deflecting unit 70. The light is deflected upward in the drawing, and is made parallel to the optical axis 68 of the objective lens 69 by the optical axis deflecting unit 74 and then enters the variable power lens 5. The light beam that has passed through the zoom lens 5 becomes coaxial with the optical axis 67 by the optical axis deflecting unit 79, enters the imaging lens 6, and then erects the image by the erecting prism. Therefore, the examiner O can observe the patient's eye 64 with the eyepiece 8.
[0053]
As shown in FIG. 15, in the second state where the region to be examined is on the optical axis 68, the knob 73 is turned 180 ° so that the objective lens 69 is in the optical axis deflecting unit with respect to the optical axis deflecting unit 70. The housing 71 is arranged so as to be arranged on the side opposite to the reference numeral 66. Further, the knob portion 77 is also turned by 180 °, and the housing 76 is arranged so that the optical axis deflecting portion 75 is arranged on the optical axis 72. According to this, the observation optical axis from the patient's throat 65 is converted into an afocal beam by the objective lens 69, and then deflected 90 ° upward by the optical axis deflection unit 70. After being reflected twice by 75, the light enters the variable magnification lens 5 in parallel with the optical axis 68 of the objective lens 69. Therefore, the examiner O can observe the patient's throat 65 with the eyepiece 8. Note that changing the position of the optical axis deflection member 74 and the optical axis deflection member 75 by changing the arrangement of the housing 76 equalizes the number of reflections of the observation optical system in FIG. 14 and the number of reflections of the observation optical system in FIG. In order to obtain a correct observation image.
[0054]
By the way, the position of the patient during the operation differs depending on the department such as ophthalmology and otolaryngology. When the patient's body position is different, the angle of the observation optical axis of the surgical microscope inevitably varies. Therefore, usually, a plurality of surgical microscopes are prepared for each department, or when the arm part holding the microscope part is provided with a rotating part and the operation of other departments is performed, the microscope part is inclined at an angle. ing. However, it is economically undesirable to prepare a plurality of surgical microscopes, and when an arm part having a rotating part is used, not only the surgical microscope becomes complicated and large, but also during surgery. However, it is necessary to perform troublesome work such as changing the angle of the microscope part every time, and the present situation is that time is spent on setting.
[0055]
However, according to the surgical microscope in the present embodiment, the observation optical axis can be easily tilted by 90 ° simply by turning the two knobs 73 and 77 provided in the microscope unit, so that time is required for setting. Without being able to deal with different departments.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
more thanAccording to the stereomicroscope of the present invention, the eye point position can be set to a low position in consideration of workability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an examiner side of an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram on the assistant side of an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a state diagram showing a microscope unit having the optical system of FIG. 5 and an arm unit that holds the microscope unit, and a state in which the lens body moving device is not driven. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a state diagram showing a microscope unit having the optical system of FIG. 5 and an arm unit for holding the microscope unit, and showing a state in which a lens body moving device is driven.
8 is a side view showing a configuration of a first optical axis deflecting unit and a driving unit for driving the first optical axis deflecting unit of the optical system of FIG. 5. FIG.
9 is a plan view of FIG. 8. FIG.
10 is a block diagram showing a control method for electrically driving the first optical axis deflecting means of the optical system of FIG. 5. FIG.
FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
12 shows an optical system layout diagram when the optical system of FIG. 1 is applied according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
13 shows an optical system layout diagram when the optical system of FIG. 11 is applied according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram showing a first state of an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to a seventh example of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram showing a second state of an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to a seventh example of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is an overall configuration diagram of a stereomicroscope.
FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of an optical system in a conventional stereomicroscope.
FIG. 18 is another configuration diagram of an optical system in a conventional stereomicroscope.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Microscope part (mirror part), 4 ... Objective lens, 5 ... Variable magnification lens, 6 ... Imaging lens, 8 ... Eyepiece lens, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 ... Observation optical axis, 17 ... Optical axis Deflection unit (first optical axis deflection unit), 19, 21, 23... Optical axis deflection unit (second optical axis deflection unit).

Claims (1)

A mirror that receives light from the region to be examined;
First optical axis deflecting means for deflecting incident light incident on the mirror body and generating an optical axis directed in a direction different from the optical axis of the incident light;
A second optical axis deflecting unit having a plurality of optical axis deflecting units for bending a plurality of optical axes deflected by the first optical axis deflecting unit;
A light beam having an optical axis deflected by the optical axis deflecting unit of either the first optical axis deflecting unit or the optical axis deflecting unit of the second optical axis deflecting unit can be incident, and at least the mirror A pair of variable magnification optical systems provided at positions different from the optical axis of the incident light incident on the body;
An eyepiece optical system that is provided in the mirror body and that receives a pair of light beams deflected by the second optical axis deflecting unit at a position in the vicinity of the optical axis of the incident light that enters the mirror body;
It said second optical axis deflecting means have a optical axis deflecting unit for returning each of the optical axes of the pair of light beams emitted from the pair of variable power optical system in the optical axis direction of the incident light,
Further, the second optical axis deflecting unit forms an optical axis that is at least parallel to the optical axis of the incident light that enters the mirror body and that is disposed at a position away from the optical axis of the incident light. Having a deflection part,
The pair of variable magnification optical systems is provided on an optical axis disposed parallel to the optical axis of the incident light and at a position away from the optical axis of the incident light,
Further, the second optical axis deflecting means is configured such that the optical axes of the pair of light beams emitted from the pair of variable magnification optical systems are parallel to the optical axes of the light emitted from the pair of variable magnification optical systems, A stereomicroscope having an optical axis deflecting unit that refracts light emitted from the pair of variable magnification optical systems in a direction opposite to an emission direction of the emitted light .

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