JP3909403B2 - Method for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from flammable waste - Google Patents
Method for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from flammable waste Download PDFInfo
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- JP3909403B2 JP3909403B2 JP2000063127A JP2000063127A JP3909403B2 JP 3909403 B2 JP3909403 B2 JP 3909403B2 JP 2000063127 A JP2000063127 A JP 2000063127A JP 2000063127 A JP2000063127 A JP 2000063127A JP 3909403 B2 JP3909403 B2 JP 3909403B2
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- carbon monoxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、可燃性廃棄物から水素と一酸化炭素を製造する方法に関する。水素と一酸化炭素に富むガスは、燃料電池燃料や、アンモニア、メタノール等合成用原料として有効利用することができる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、廃棄物をガス化し水素および一酸化炭素を製造するには、1)特開平10−128288および特開昭57−30794号公報に示すように、石炭のガス化などの手法を用いて、廃棄物に酸素、水蒸気を反応させる方法、2)原料を直接高温下に晒して熱分解する方法が提案されていた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、前者の方法によると、分解反応において酸素、水蒸気を添加する為、生成ガス中に二酸化炭素が混入したりして、生成ガスの発熱量を低下させ、生成ガスの低位発熱量は1,500kcal/Nm3 未満となってしまう。
【0004】
また、後者の方法では、熱分解ガス中にタール分が混入してしまい、目的とするガスは回収できない。
【0005】
本発明の課題は、従来技術の上記問題点を解消した、可燃性廃棄物からの水素と一酸化炭素の製造方法を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、(揮発分)/(固定炭素)比1以上の可燃性廃棄物を酸素濃度3vol%以下の低酸素濃度雰囲気下で温度400〜1,000℃で1次熱分解した後、酸素濃度3vol%以下の低酸素濃度雰囲気下で温度1,000〜1,500℃で2次熱分解することを特徴とする、可燃性廃棄物からの水素と一酸化炭素の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0007】
本発明方法を適用できる可燃性廃棄物は、(揮発分)/(固定炭素)比が1以上のものである。また、本発明方法を適用できる可燃性廃棄物は、低酸素濃度雰囲気での熱分解により、好ましくは(水)/(タール分)比=0.5〜1.5の割合で水とタール分を生成するものである。低酸素濃度雰囲気は酸素濃度0〜3vol%の雰囲気である。1次熱分解温度は400〜1,000℃、好ましくは500〜800℃で、2次熱分解温度は1,000〜1,500℃、好ましくは1,100〜1,300℃である。
【0008】
本発明において、タール分とは、熱分解により生成するガス中に含まれる炭素数3以上の炭化水素を言い、揮発分、固定炭素とは、JISM8812の方法で測定される揮発分および固定炭素の値を言う。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明を図面に示す実施例に基づいて具体的に説明する。
【0010】
まず、実験装置の概要を説明する。
【0011】
廃棄物は、表1に示す性状のごみ再生固形燃料(RDF)である。
【0012】
このRDFは(揮発分)/(固定炭素)比>1のものである。500〜1200℃の温度範囲で、酸素濃度=0[vol%]雰囲気下での、RDFの熱分解生成物割合は表2および図1に示す通りである。これらより、このRDFは、500〜1200℃の温度範囲で、(水)/(タール分)=0.5〜1.5[kg/kg]のものであることが判る。
【0013】
図4において、第1段熱分解炉(1) および第2段熱分解炉(2) を酸素濃度3vol%以下の低酸素濃度雰囲気で所定温度に過熱しておいて、上記RDFを供給量10[kg/h]で第1段熱分解炉(1) に投入し、第1段熱分解炉(1) および第2段熱分解炉(2) にて熱分解する。第2段熱分解炉(2) 出口の水素、一酸化炭素、メタン等のガス組成を経時的にガスクロマトグラフ(TCD)で測定し、平衡状態となったところでデータを取る。図4中、(3) (4) (5) は温度制御ヒータ、(6) はガスクロマトグラフ分析計、(7) は真空ポンプ、(8) はRDF投入フィーダー、(9) は撹拌モータ、(10)はインバータ、(11)はジャケットである。
【0014】
(比較例1)
第1段熱分解炉(1) の熱分解温度を500、800、1200℃とし、第2段熱分解炉(2) での処理は行わず、第1段熱分解炉(1) 出口でのガスとタールの生成割合を測定した。この結果を表3および図2に示す。これらから、熱分解温度が高くなると、ガスの生成割合が増加し、800℃以上の熱分解温度では、約45〜50[wt%]のガスが生成した。また、タール分は温度上昇とともに減少するものの、1200℃であっても20[wt%]生成した。
【0015】
水素と一酸化炭素の生成量を図3に示す。水素と一酸化炭素の生成量は、温度上昇とともに増加し、1200℃ではそれぞれ290[Nm3 /kg(RDF)]と167[Nm3 /kg]であった。また、メタンも100[Nm3 /kg]生成した。
【0016】
(実施例1)
第1段熱分解炉(1) の熱分解温度を500℃とし、第2段熱分解炉(2) の熱分解温度1200℃とし、酸素濃度3vol%以下の低酸素濃度雰囲気で上記RDFを供給量10[kg/h]で第1段熱分解炉(1) に投入し、第1段熱分解炉(1) および第2段熱分解炉(2) にて熱分解した。第2段熱分解炉(2) 出口のガスとタールの生成割合を測定した。この結果を表3および図2に示す。これらからタール分が完全に分解したことが判る。ガス生成割合も向上し、40[wt%]の成分がガスとなった。
【0017】
水素と一酸化炭素の生成量を図3に示す。水素と一酸化炭素の生成量が上昇し、それぞれ450[Nm3 /kg]と261[Nm3 /kg]であった。また、メタンはほとんど生成せず、その生成量はわずか7.2[Nm3 /kg]であった。
【0018】
(実施例2)
第1段熱分解炉(1) の熱分解温度を800℃とし、第2段熱分解炉(2) の熱分解温度を1200℃とし以外、実施例1と同様にして、ガスとタールの生成割合を測定した。この結果を表3および図2に示す。これらから、タール分が完全に分解したことが判る。ガス生成割合も向上し、50[wt%]の成分がガスとなった。
【0019】
水素と一酸化炭素生成量を図3に示す。水素と一酸化炭素の生成量が上昇し、それぞれ672[Nm3 /kg]、336[Nm3 /kg]生成した。また、メタンもほとんど生成せず、その生成量はわずか38.7[Nm3 /kg]であった。
【0020】
(比較例2)
原料を、灰分=7.5、揮発分=20.9、固定炭素=70.4(揮発分/固定炭素=0.3)の石炭に代え、第1段熱分解炉(1) の熱分解温度を500℃とし、第2段熱分解炉(2) の熱分解温度1200℃とした以外、実施例1と同様にして、ガスとタールの生成割合を測定した。この結果、タール分は完全には分解せず、3[wt%]残った。また、すすが15[wt%]と大量に生成した。ガス生成割合も23[wt%]と低く、目的とするガス回収ができなかった。
【0021】
以上のように、揮発分率の比較的高い原料を用い、2段階で熱分解することで、1段目の熱分解で生成した水とタール分が2段目において下記のように見掛け上反応し、効率よく水素と一酸化炭素が得られることが判る。
【0022】
C10H14 + 10H2 O → 10CO + 17H2
(138) 10(18)
*) ( )内は分子量。
【0023】
【0024】
上記式中、C10H14は、回収したタール分をTG−GC/MSで分析することによって求めたタール分の平均分子式である。
【0025】
上記式を見ると、タール分と水は見掛け上1:10[mol]で反応し、質量日は138:180=1:1.3となる為、熱分解でタール分と水がほぼ当量生成する原料からは、酸素と水蒸気を加えることなく反応が進行し、高効率で水素と一酸化炭素が生成するものと思われる。
【0026】
【表1】
【0027】
【表2】
【0028】
【表3】
【0029】
【0030】
【発明の効果】
従来技術では、熱分解の際、酸素と水蒸気を一定割合で投入する必要があり、また、酸素と水蒸気を投入する為、得られるガス中には二酸化炭素混入などの問題もあった。
【0031】
本発明方法によれば、揮発分率の高い原料を選択的に用い、所定の温度範囲で低酸素濃度雰囲気条件下で熱分解反応を行うので、1段目の熱分解で発生した水とタール分を効率的に2段目の熱分解で反応させることができ、高純度の水素と一酸化炭素を効率的に得ることができる。
【0032】
こうして、本発明方法によれば、熱分解で発生するタール分がなく、熱分解で得られるガス中の水素/一酸化炭素=0.8〜3(体積比)、低位発熱量>1,500kcal/Nm3 で、収率50wt%以上で水素と一酸化炭素ガスを回収することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】RDFの熱分解生成物収支を示す温度と生成割合の関係のグラフである。
【図2】ガスとタール生成割合を示す温度と生成割合の関係のグラフである。
【図3】ガス生成割合を示す温度と生成割合の関係のグラフである。
【図4】本発明方法の実施例を示すフローシートである。
【符号の説明】
(1) :第1段熱分解炉
(2) :第2段熱分解炉
(3) 〜(5) :温度制御ヒータ
(6) :ガスクロマトグラフ分析計
(7) :真空ポンプ
(8) :RDF投入フィーダー[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from combustible waste. A gas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be effectively used as a raw material for synthesis such as fuel cell fuel, ammonia, methanol and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to gasify waste and produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, 1) As shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-128288 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-30794, a method such as gasification of coal is used. There has been proposed a method of reacting oxygen and water vapor with waste, and 2) a method of thermally decomposing a raw material by directly exposing it to a high temperature.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to the former method, since oxygen and water vapor are added in the decomposition reaction, carbon dioxide is mixed into the product gas, and the generated gas has a lower calorific value. it becomes 500kcal / Nm less than 3.
[0004]
In the latter method, tar components are mixed in the pyrolysis gas, and the target gas cannot be recovered.
[0005]
The subject of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the combustible waste which eliminated the said problem of the prior art.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, combustible waste having a (volatile content) / (fixed carbon) ratio of 1 or more is subjected to primary pyrolysis at a temperature of 400 to 1,000 ° C. in a low oxygen concentration atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 3 vol% or less, Provided is a method for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from combustible waste, characterized by secondary pyrolysis at a temperature of 1,000 to 1,500 ° C. in a low oxygen concentration atmosphere having a concentration of 3 vol% or less. It is.
[0007]
The combustible waste to which the method of the present invention can be applied has a (volatile content) / (fixed carbon) ratio of 1 or more. In addition, the combustible waste to which the method of the present invention can be applied is preferably obtained by thermal decomposition in a low oxygen concentration atmosphere, preferably at a ratio of (water) / (tar content) = 0.5 to 1.5. Is generated. The low oxygen concentration atmosphere is an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 0 to 3 vol%. The primary pyrolysis temperature is 400 to 1,000 ° C, preferably 500 to 800 ° C, and the secondary pyrolysis temperature is 1,000 to 1,500 ° C, preferably 1,100 to 1,300 ° C.
[0008]
In the present invention, the tar content means a hydrocarbon having 3 or more carbon atoms contained in the gas generated by thermal decomposition, and the volatile content and fixed carbon are the volatile content and the fixed carbon measured by the method of JISM8812. Say the value.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be specifically described based on an embodiment shown in the drawings.
[0010]
First, an outline of the experimental apparatus will be described.
[0011]
The waste is waste reclaimed solid fuel (RDF) having the properties shown in Table 1.
[0012]
This RDF has a (volatile content) / (fixed carbon) ratio> 1. The ratio of thermal decomposition products of RDF in the temperature range of 500 to 1200 ° C. in an atmosphere of oxygen concentration = 0 [vol%] is as shown in Table 2 and FIG. From these, it is understood that this RDF is (water) / (tar content) = 0.5 to 1.5 [kg / kg] in a temperature range of 500 to 1200 ° C.
[0013]
In FIG. 4, the first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) and the second stage pyrolysis furnace (2) are overheated to a predetermined temperature in a low oxygen concentration atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 3 vol% or less, and the RDF is supplied at a rate of 10 [Kg / h] is charged into the first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) and pyrolyzed in the first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) and the second stage pyrolysis furnace (2). Second stage pyrolysis furnace (2) Measure the gas composition of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc. at the outlet over time by gas chromatograph (TCD), and take the data when the equilibrium is reached. In FIG. 4, (3) (4) (5) is a temperature control heater, (6) is a gas chromatograph analyzer, (7) is a vacuum pump, (8) is an RDF feeder, (9) is a stirring motor, ( 10) is an inverter, and (11) is a jacket.
[0014]
(Comparative Example 1)
The pyrolysis temperature of the first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) is 500, 800, 1200 ° C., the treatment in the second stage pyrolysis furnace (2) is not performed, and the first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) exits. The production ratio of gas and tar was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. From these, as the pyrolysis temperature increased, the gas generation rate increased, and at a pyrolysis temperature of 800 ° C. or higher, gas of about 45 to 50 [wt%] was generated. Further, although the tar content decreased with increasing temperature, 20 [wt%] was generated even at 1200 ° C.
[0015]
The amount of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced is shown in FIG. The production amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased with increasing temperature, and were 290 [Nm 3 / kg (RDF)] and 167 [Nm 3 / kg] at 1200 ° C., respectively. Also, 100 [Nm 3 / kg] of methane was produced.
[0016]
Example 1
The first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) has a pyrolysis temperature of 500 ° C., the second stage pyrolysis furnace (2) has a pyrolysis temperature of 1200 ° C., and supplies the above RDF in a low oxygen concentration atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 3 vol% or less. An amount of 10 [kg / h] was charged into the first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) and pyrolyzed in the first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) and second stage pyrolysis furnace (2). Second-stage pyrolysis furnace (2) The gas and tar production rate at the outlet was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. From these, it can be seen that the tar content was completely decomposed. The gas generation rate was also improved, and 40 [wt%] component became gas.
[0017]
The amount of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced is shown in FIG. The production amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased and were 450 [Nm 3 / kg] and 261 [Nm 3 / kg], respectively. Further, almost no methane was produced, and the amount produced was only 7.2 [Nm 3 / kg].
[0018]
(Example 2)
Production of gas and tar in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pyrolysis temperature of the first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) is 800 ° C. and the pyrolysis temperature of the second stage pyrolysis furnace (2) is 1200 ° C. The percentage was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. From these, it can be seen that the tar content was completely decomposed. The gas generation rate was also improved, and 50 [wt%] components became gas.
[0019]
The amount of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced is shown in FIG. The amount of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced increased, producing 672 [Nm 3 / kg] and 336 [Nm 3 / kg], respectively. Also, almost no methane was produced, and the amount produced was only 38.7 [Nm 3 / kg].
[0020]
(Comparative Example 2)
The raw material is replaced with coal with ash content = 7.5, volatile content = 20.9, fixed carbon = 70.4 (volatile content / fixed carbon = 0.3), and pyrolysis in the first stage pyrolysis furnace (1) The production ratio of gas and tar was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature was 500 ° C. and the pyrolysis temperature of the second stage pyrolysis furnace (2) was 1200 ° C. As a result, the tar content was not completely decomposed, and 3 [wt%] remained. In addition, soot was generated in a large amount of 15 [wt%]. The gas generation rate was also as low as 23 [wt%], and the target gas could not be recovered.
[0021]
As described above, by using a raw material with a relatively high volatile fraction, pyrolysis is performed in two stages, so that the water and tar content generated in the first stage of pyrolysis react in the second stage as shown below. It can be seen that hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be obtained efficiently.
[0022]
C 10 H 14 + 10H 2 O → 10CO +
(138) 10 (18)
*) Figures in parentheses are molecular weights.
[0023]
[0024]
In the above formula, C 10 H 14 is an average molecular formula of the tar content determined by analyzing the recovered tar content by TG-GC / MS.
[0025]
Looking at the above formula, the tar content and water apparently react at 1:10 [mol], and the mass date is 138: 180 = 1: 1.3. From the starting material, the reaction proceeds without adding oxygen and water vapor, and it is considered that hydrogen and carbon monoxide are generated with high efficiency.
[0026]
[Table 1]
[0027]
[Table 2]
[0028]
[Table 3]
[0029]
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
In the prior art, it is necessary to input oxygen and water vapor at a fixed ratio during the thermal decomposition, and oxygen and water vapor are input, so that there is a problem that carbon dioxide is mixed in the obtained gas.
[0031]
According to the method of the present invention, a raw material having a high volatile fraction is selectively used, and a thermal decomposition reaction is performed under a low oxygen concentration atmosphere condition within a predetermined temperature range. Can be efficiently reacted in the second stage of thermal decomposition, and high-purity hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be efficiently obtained.
[0032]
Thus, according to the method of the present invention, there is no tar content generated by pyrolysis, hydrogen / carbon monoxide in the gas obtained by pyrolysis = 0.8 to 3 (volume ratio), lower heating value> 1,500 kcal. / Nm 3 can recover hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas at a yield of 50 wt% or more.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and production rate, showing the balance of thermal decomposition products of RDF.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between a temperature and a generation ratio indicating a gas and tar generation ratio.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a temperature and a generation ratio indicating a gas generation ratio.
FIG. 4 is a flow sheet showing an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
(1): First stage pyrolysis furnace
(2): Second stage pyrolysis furnace
(3) to (5): Temperature control heater
(6): Gas chromatograph analyzer
(7): Vacuum pump
(8): RDF input feeder
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000063127A JP3909403B2 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2000-03-08 | Method for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from flammable waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000063127A JP3909403B2 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2000-03-08 | Method for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from flammable waste |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001247879A JP2001247879A (en) | 2001-09-14 |
| JP3909403B2 true JP3909403B2 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
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| KR20030025314A (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-03-29 | 김현영 | Method of gasifying carbonaceous material and apparatus therefor |
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