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JP3911599B2 - Pressurized fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
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JP3911599B2 - Pressurized fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3911599B2
JP3911599B2 JP21279497A JP21279497A JP3911599B2 JP 3911599 B2 JP3911599 B2 JP 3911599B2 JP 21279497 A JP21279497 A JP 21279497A JP 21279497 A JP21279497 A JP 21279497A JP 3911599 B2 JP3911599 B2 JP 3911599B2
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Prior art keywords
furnace
pipe
fluid medium
fluidized bed
medium
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JP21279497A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1163420A (en
Inventor
守 水本
泰雄 吉井
徹 稲田
知彦 宮本
美雄 佐藤
定男 西村
哲 鮫島
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Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
Hitachi Ltd
Mitsubishi Power Ltd
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Babcock Hitachi KK
Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
Hitachi Ltd
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Description

【発明の属する技術分野】
【0001】
本発明は加圧流動層ボイラに係り、特に流動媒体の凝集を抑制する技術に関する。
【従来の技術】
【0002】
加圧流動層ボイラは、9気圧程度の圧力下で石灰石(CaCO3)を流動媒体として石炭を流動層燃焼させ、燃焼熱の回収により生成させた蒸気によりスチームタービンを駆動させ、860℃程度の高圧の燃焼ガスを用いてガスタービンを駆動させる高効率複合発電システムの主要な構成要素である。流動媒体と混合された石炭は流動層内で流動しながら燃焼し、生成する燃焼熱は石炭自身の流動と流動媒体への伝熱とその流動により拡散し、流動層内の温度は均一化される。
【0003】
しかし、周辺部への伝熱が阻害された状態で燃焼反応が進むと、局所的に温度が上昇し、灰が溶融して流動媒体を取り込んで大きな凝集体(アグロメ)を生成し、流動層の流動を停止させ、燃焼炉としての機能停止に至る。この凝集体(アグロメ)はまた、流動媒体の排出あるいは負荷変化のための流動媒体の移送の管路を閉塞し、間接的に火炉の運転を停止させる。
【0004】
アグロメが生成される原因として最も大きなものは、火炉内の流動が阻害されることと、燃料の供給が偏在することである。火炉内の流動阻害は、火炉内の伝熱管が流動媒体の円滑な流動を妨げるよう配置されていたり、流動媒体の抜き出し、供給部での流動媒体の流動が停止するような不具合が発生した場合、あるいは粗大粒子の混在により局所的に流動が停止する等の例がある。これらの対策としては、火炉内の流動を精密に解析し、伝熱管の配置及び流動媒体抜き出し、供給部の構造の最適化が進められている。粗大粒子の混在に関しては、選炭の徹底により石炭中のズリを除くことにより解決できる。
【0005】
燃料供給の偏在化は燃料供給装置及び火炉内の伝熱管配置の不具合に起因するものであり、原因となる燃料供給装置及び伝熱管配置の改良で防止できる。例えば、特許文献1には、燃料及びガスの流動層内における分配を改良するためのデイストリビュータ装置の記載がある。
【特許文献1】
特表平6−504360号公
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
【0006】
これらの対策にもかかわらず依然として火炉内でのアグロメの生成が散見され、これによる火炉の停止も根絶できず、火炉の長時間連続運転を安定して継続できるまでには至っていない。
【課題を解決するための手段】
【0007】
火炉を停止した時に内部の状況を詳細に調べたところ、火炉内を縦断するような巨大なアグロメの生成には至らないまでも、比較的小さなアグロメ(粗粒状アグロメ)の生成が頻発しているのがわかった。小さなアグロメが炉底の流動媒体の抜き出し口の一部を閉塞し、負荷の調整のために必要な流動媒体の抜き出しを阻害していた。これをそのまま放置して火炉の運転を継続した場合にはこのアグロメは成長を続け、火炉の機能停止に至る可能性がある。
【0008】
この粗粒状アグロメの生成状況及び形状を詳細に解析した結果、アグロメの生成場所は火炉の底部に集中し、20mm程度の大きさで流動媒体を中に取り込んではいたものの粒子間の結合は弱く、溶融の痕跡はわずかであった。これは火炉の運転温度に近い温度で溶融を経由せずに小アグロメの生成が進行していることを示す。
【0009】
加圧流動層ボイラにおいては、石灰石(CaCO3)と石炭の燃焼灰であるSiO2−Al2O3が共存し、860℃程度の温度にさらされている。石灰石の一部は脱炭酸反応を起こし、活性な生石灰(CaO)を生成し、これが燃焼灰と反応して低融点化合物を生成することが予想される。
【0010】
CaO−SiO2-Al2O3三成分系相平衡図としては図2に示すような図が知られている(“Phase Diagrams for Ceramists”, Vol.1,FIG.630,the American Ceramic Society,Inc.(1964))。それによると、各成分の融点は、それぞれ、CaOは2570℃、SiO2は1723℃、Al2O3は2020℃であるが、三成分が互いに混合されると融点は低下する。例えばアノーサイト(CaO・Al2O3・2SiO2)の組成領域は図中の中央やや上部に位置し、この組成領域中にはCaO−SiO2−Al2O3三成分系における融点の最も低い組成が存在し、そのときの融点は1170℃である。
【0011】
この相平衡図はあくまで該当する組成の融点を示したものであり、CaO−SiO2−Al2O3三成分間の固相反応は実際には融点よりも低い温度で進行しうる。経験的には融点の60%程度の温度で固相反応が進行することが知られており、アノーサイトの最低融点1170℃に相当する組成では、700℃付近から反応が進行する恐れがある。アノーサイトの量論組成(CaO・Al2O3・2SiO2)の融点は1553℃であり、この組成では930℃付近から固相反応が進行する。粗粒アグロメの組成分析によれば、CaO−SiO2−Al2O3三成分の組成は図2に示すアノーサイト及びゲーレナイトの組成範囲に近く、X線回折により上記化合物の生成を確認できた。
【0012】
そこで、火炉内における石灰石及び燃焼灰の凝集反応に及ぼす温度及び時間の影響を模擬灰を用いて調べた。石炭灰をシリカ(SiO2)粉末とアルミナ(Al2O3)粉末を混合することで模擬し、その組成は以下の3種とした。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0003911599
これらの組成の灰、各88、75、50重量部に生石灰(CaO)の粉末をそれぞれ12、25、50重量部の割合で混合して加圧流動層の火炉内の灰組成を模擬し、これを3×2×2mmの大きさに成型したものに荷重を加え、この成型体が圧壊したときの荷重を成型体の断面積で割り圧壊強度とした。
【0014】
成型体を温度を変化させて熱処理すると、図3に示すように温度が800℃を越えると成型体の圧壊強度が急激に上昇した。これはCaOとSiO2、Al2O3の間の固相反応により粉体粒子間に結合が生成し、この結合により粉体粒子が互いに結びつけられたためである。図2の三成分系相平衡図によれば、アノーサイトの融点は最低で1170℃であり、上述のように融点の60%の温度で固相反応の進行が顕著になるとすれば、その温度は702℃となり、800℃では十分固相反応が進行し得る。
【0015】
CaOの比率を変えて同様の試験を行うと、図4に示すようにCaOの比率が増えるに従って圧壊強度は上昇した。
【0016】
また流動媒体を模擬した粒径1〜3mmの石灰石粒子と、燃焼灰を模擬したシリカ、アルミナ及び生石灰粉末の混合物を85/15の重量比で混合して同様に熱処理すると、温度930℃で模擬灰の固相反応によりシリカ、アルミナを媒介として石灰石粒子の間に結合が生成して直径20mm程度の凝集体が生成した。実際には燃焼灰中には各種の微量成分が含まれ、Si及びAl成分は粒径が小さく反応性の高いカオリナイト(2SiO2・Al2O3・2H2O)の形で存在する比率が高い。また流動媒体側でも粒子表面に脱炭酸による多孔質層の形成が予想され、上記の模擬灰による試験結果よりもさらに低い温度で固相反応が進行する。
【0017】
火炉内では粒子が絶えず移動しており、粒子間に固相反応が進行するとは通常は考えにくい。しかし、火炉内の特定の場所で流動媒体と燃焼灰が混合されて、靜置状態が出現する可能性がある。この状態で火炉の運転が継続されると、この混合物は燃焼場の高温雰囲気にさらされ、固相反応によりCaO−SiO2−Al2O3三成分系化合物を生成する。混合物の組成が図2の低融点化合物組成に近いと固相反応はより強く進行し、凝集体(アグロメ)を生成する。凝集の進行度は高温雰囲気にさらされる時間すなわち火炉の運転時間に比例するため、生成した凝集体を運転期間中そのままに放置して運転を継続すると、巨大アグロメを生成し火炉停止に至らしめる恐れがある。
【0018】
具体的にどの位置で粒子の滞留が発生しているかを、火炉点検時に炉内の流動媒体を高さ方向の各位置で採取し、粒径分布を測定して調べた。その結果、図5に示すように、分散板の直上部では流動媒体中の粒径0.3mm以下の粒子の比率が火炉の上部に比べて高く、粒径の小さい媒体が分散板の直上部に多く存在していることが確認された。
【0019】
図6に空気分散板構造の一例を示すが、燃焼用空気の吹き出し口の死角に当たる部分に吹き溜まりが生成し、ここにSiO2及びAl2O3を主成分とする燃焼灰と流動媒体の粉化物のうち、火炉内の上昇ガス流れに同伴できなかった部分が滞留すると考えられる。また流動が緩慢であると、粒径の大きい粒子が上部に、粒径の小さい粒子が下部に集まり、粒径の小さい粒子の蓄積が加速される。
【0020】
さらに、分散板直上部は燃焼反応がまだ進行しておらず、CO2分圧が低いため、石灰石の脱炭酸反応が進行しやすくなる。分散板直上部に蓄積された流動媒体で脱炭酸反応が進行してCaOの比率が高まると、反応性が高いためSiO2及びAl2O3との間で固相反応が進行しやすくなる。
【0021】
固相反応によるアグロメの生成を抑制するためには、分散板直上での微細粒子の滞留抑制と、固相反応により生成した粗大粒子の除去が必要となる。微細粒子を火炉内に滞留させないためには、
(1)空塔速度を上昇させる、あるいは空気ノズルからの噴出速度を増加させる ことにより、微細粒子を燃焼ガスに同伴させて火炉から飛散させる方法及び、(2)蓄積した部分を炉底から排出する方法
がある。しかし空塔速度を上げると飛散する灰量が増え、脱塵設備の負荷が増大する。さらには流動媒体の流動が活発となり、伝熱管の磨耗が顕著になるため不適当である。また空気ノズルからの噴出速度を増大させても死角の解消には不十分であり、炉底からの排出が最も効果的である。また粗粒アグロメは炉底部に滞留する傾向があり、これを排除するためにも炉底抜き出しを利用することが最も効果的である。
【0022】
流動層ボイラの概略構造の一例を図8に示す。図示の流動層ボイラは、伝熱管15を内装して火炉11を形成する炉体100と、火炉11の底部にほぼ水平に火炉11を横断するように配置された空気分散板12と、空気分散板12の下方に形成されたウインドボックス66と、空気分散板12及び炉体100の下端を上下方向に貫通して配置され一端が空気分散板12の上面で開口する流動媒体の抜き出し管路91と、同じく空気分散板12及び炉体100の下端を上下方向に貫通して配置され空気分散板12の上面で開口する炉底灰の排出管路90と、炉体100に接続して設けられ火炉11に燃料を供給する燃料ノズル93と、前記流動媒体の抜き出し管路91の他端に流動媒体の移送管路94を介して接続された流動媒体の貯蔵装置95と、流動媒体の貯蔵装置95底部と火炉11を連通する流動媒体の供給管路92と、を含んで構成されている。移送管路94と抜き出し管路91の接続部、及び移送管路94の垂直部分の下端には、それぞれ流動媒体を気体搬送するための搬送気体が供給されるようになっている。なお、火炉11を加圧するための装置等は図示を省略してある。
【0023】
火炉11の底部に設置された空気分散板12の上に流動媒体を充填し、空気分散板12の下方のウインドボックス66に燃焼用の空気を供給し、この空気を空気分散板12に形成された空気穴から上方に吹き出させて流動媒体を流動化させる。運転中ボイラの負荷を降下させる場合(負荷が低下した場合も同じ)、同じく火炉の底部に設置された流動媒体の抜き出し管路91から、負荷の降下にあわせて流動媒体を火炉11から抜き出し、抜き出された流動媒体を貯蔵装置95に移送する。負荷上昇時には、流動媒体の貯蔵装置95から火炉の側面に設置された前記流動媒体の供給管路92を経て流動媒体を火炉内に供給する。
【0024】
燃料ノズル93から供給された石炭は流動層で流動しながら燃焼し、生成した燃焼灰は燃焼ガスとともに火炉から排出されるが、一部はガス流れに同伴されずに炉内に残留する。また流動媒体も火炉内で流動しながら衝突及び反応により部分的に磨耗し、これにより生成した小粒径粒子も一部は火炉内に残留する。
空気分散板12上での燃焼灰を含む小粒径灰の蓄積を防ぐために、図7に示すように炉底灰の排出管路90の周囲の空気分散板12に傾斜をつけ、炉底部をホッパ形状とし、随時小粒径灰を空気分散板近傍から排出できる構造とすることが一般的に実施されている。これにより炉外に排出された小粒径灰を含む流動媒体は廃棄される。
【0025】
しかし、負荷降下時に流動媒体の抜き出し管路91から抜き出された流動媒体中に含まれる小粒径灰及び粗粒子は、流動媒体貯蔵設備95に戻されて再びそのまま流動媒体とともに負荷上昇時に火炉内に戻され、炉内での固相反応によるアグロメ生成の原因物質となる。
【0026】
これを避けるために、小粒径灰及び粗粒子を流動媒体循環の途中で除去し、再び火炉内に戻されないようにする必要がある。このため、粗粒アグロメは流動媒体の貯蔵装置95に戻した後、貯蔵装置内で分級、除去される。例えば図1に示すように貯蔵装置95内に所定の大きさの穴を多数設けたスクリーンを水平面に対して傾斜させて張り、この傾斜スクリーンの上に貯蔵装置95内に戻された流動媒体を投入し、粗粒子を分離する。これにより流動媒体中の特定粒径範囲を超える径の粒子は循環する流動媒体中から除去され、この流動媒体は再び火炉内に戻されてもアグロメを生成しなくなる。
【0027】
小粒径灰は上述した貯蔵装置95内での分級方式では、循環する流動媒体からの分離は不可能である。逆に移送管路94内を移送されてくる過程で管路内に堆積し管路を閉塞することが危惧される。そこで移送管路内での詰まりを防ぐために、火炉に近い側すなわち火炉直下で小粒径灰を流動媒体中から分離する必要がある。
【0028】
通常炉底からの流動媒体の抜き出しは負荷降下時に実施される。しかし負荷降下時にのみ流動媒体の抜き出しを実施するのでは不十分であり、通常の一定負荷運転時にも流動媒体の抜き出しができる方策を講じなければならない。加圧流動層ボイラの出力は熱吸収量により決まるため、流動層の設定温度を上昇させると、伝熱面積すなわち流動層の高さを下げる必要がある。これに対して流動層の設定温度を低下させると、伝熱面積すなわち流動層の高さを上げなければならない。この流動層の温度設定を利用して流動媒体の出し入れを実施し、一定負荷運転時においても流動媒体中の粗粒子の分級が可能となる。
【0029】
本発明の課題は、加圧流動層ボイラの運転に際し、流動媒体を流動層火炉から流動媒体貯蔵設備に移送する移送管路内での、小粒径灰による詰りを防止することにある
【0030】
上記課題を達成する本発明の手段は、流動媒体を流動層火炉から抜き出し流動媒体貯蔵設備へ送る流動媒体抜き出し管路及び移送管路と流動媒体貯蔵設備から流動層火炉へ流動媒体を供給する管路を備えた加圧流動層ボイラにおいて、前記流動層火炉から抜き出された流動媒体中に含まれる特定粒径以下の径の粒子を分離するため、前記流動層火炉直下の流動媒体抜き出し管路に傾斜部分を設け、該傾斜部分の内管を網目状金属で構成した二重管式管路を備え、該二重管式管路の外管が微粒子貯蔵容器の上面に接続され、前記二重管式管路の内管と接続した前記移送管路と前記微粒子貯蔵容器の内部とが連通する分級設備を備えたことを特徴とする。
【発明の実施の形態】
【0031】
以下本発明の参考例及び実施例を、図面を参照して説明する。
参考例1
本参考例は、図8に示す加圧流動層ボイラの流動媒体の貯蔵装置95を、図1に示す流動媒体の貯蔵装置95に置き換えたものである。図示の貯蔵装置95は、両端が閉じられ軸線をほぼ鉛直にして配置された円筒形の容器95Aと、容器95Aの上端部中心軸上に設置され一端を容器95A内に開口し他端が移送管路94に接続された流動媒体の投入ノズル98と、容器95Aの下端部中心軸上に設置され一端を容器95A底面に開口し他端が流動媒体の供給管路92に接続された流動媒体の供給ノズル99と、容器95A内上部に水平面に対して傾斜して張設された傾斜スクリーン51と、傾斜スクリーン51の一番低い位置の端部が接する容器95Aの壁面に、外方に突出して形成された粗粒子の排出管路97と、を含んで構成されている。流動媒体の貯蔵装置95以外の構成は前記図8に示す加圧流動層ボイラの構成と同じであり、図示と説明は省略してある。
【0032】
図1に示す流動媒体の貯蔵装置95を備えた加圧流動層ボイラにおいて、加圧流動層ボイラの出力を100%から75%へ降下させるのに伴い、炉内の流動媒体の25%に相当する量を、流動層火炉の底部の流動媒体の抜き出し管路91から抜き出し、移送管路94を経て流動媒体の貯蔵装置95に移送した。
【0033】
流動媒体の貯蔵装置95内には、図1に示すようにメッシュサイズ5.56mmのSUS製傾斜スクリーン51を、水平面に対して傾斜した向きに設置してある。傾斜角は流動媒体の安息角以上の角度としてある。貯蔵装置95内に戻された流動媒体は傾斜スクリーン51上を流れ下り、流動媒体中の小さい粒子は流れ下りながら傾斜スクリーン51の穴を通って容器95A底部に落下する。傾斜スクリーン51の穴を通過しない大きさの粒子(粗粒子)は、傾斜スクリーン51上をそのまま下方に流れ下り、粗粒子の排出管路97を経て流動媒体の循環経路該に取り出される。
【0034】
これにより粒径5.56mm以上の粗粒アグロメは、抜き出された流動媒体中より分離除去された。粗粒アグロメが分離された流動媒体18は流動媒体の貯蔵装置95内に貯えられ、負荷上昇時に再び火炉11へ供給される。流動媒体の投入ノズル98は本実施例では容器95Aの中心軸上に設置されているが、傾斜スクリーン51の相対的高さが高い位置に偏心して設置すると分級効率が高まる。分離された粗粒アグロメは傾斜スクリーン51の傾きに従って、傾斜スクリーン51の下端に設置された粗粒子の排出管路97に移動し、流動媒体の循環経路から除去された。これにより、アグロメ生成のもう一つの原因物質である粗粒状ズリも流動媒体中から排除することができた。
参考例2
本参考例は、図8に示す加圧流動層ボイラの流動媒体の貯蔵装置95を、図9に示す流動媒体の貯蔵装置95に置き換えたものである。図示の貯蔵装置95は、両端が閉じられ軸線をほぼ鉛直にして配置された円筒形の容器95Aと、容器95Aの上端部に偏心設置され一端を容器95A内に開口し他端が移送管路94に接続された流動媒体の投入ノズル98と、容器95Aの下端部中心軸上に設置され一端を容器95A底面に開口し他端が流動媒体の供給管路92に接続された流動媒体の供給ノズル99と、容器95A内上部に軸線を容器95Aの中心軸線に一致させて配置された漏斗形の円錐状スクリーン52と、円錐状スクリーン52の一番低い位置の端部(小径端)に接続された粗粒子貯蔵容器55と、粗粒子貯蔵容器55の下端開口に接続された弁55Aと、弁55Aより下方の炉壁に外方に突出して形成された粗粒子の排出管路97と、粗粒子貯蔵容器55と排出管路97とを弁55Aを介して連通する管路55Bと、を含んで構成されている。流動媒体の貯蔵装置95以外の構成は前記図8に示す加圧流動層ボイラの構成と同じであり、図示と説明は省略してある。
【0035】
図9に示す流動媒体の貯蔵装置95を備えた加圧流動層ボイラにおいて、100%定負荷で運転中に加圧流動層の基準層温度を860℃から885℃へと25℃上昇させた。これに伴い炉内の流動媒体の10%に相当する量を、流動層火炉の底部の流動媒体の抜き出し管路91から抜き出し、移送管路94を経て流動媒体の貯蔵装置95に移送した。
【0036】
図9に示すように、メッシュサイズ5.56mmのSUS製メッシュスクリーンで円錐状スクリーン52が形成され、容器95A内にスクリーンの頂点を下向きにして張設してある。流動媒体の投入ノズル98は容器95Aの中心軸から偏心した位置に取付けられている。円錐状スクリーン52の傾斜角は流動媒体の安息角以上の角度とし、貯蔵装置95内に戻された流動媒体は円錐状スクリーン52上を流れ下りながら分級された。分級された粗粒子は、円錐の頂点の下側に設置された粗粒子貯蔵容器55に貯えられ、排出管路97を経て排出され、粗粒アグロメは流動媒体の循環経路から除去された。200時間以上の定負荷運転が継続される場合は、200時間経過ごとにこの操作を繰り返すのが望ましい。これにより、アグロメ生成のもう一つの原因物質である粗粒状ズリを流動媒体中から排除することができた。
〈実施例
本実施例は前記参考例1,参考例2の加圧流動層ボイラの流動媒体の抜き出し管路91及び移送管路94の一部を、図10に示す構成に置き換えたものであり、他の構成は前記参考例1,参考例2の構成におなじである。本実施例においては、図10に示すように、流動層火炉直下の流動媒体の抜き出し管路91に傾斜部分を設け、この傾斜した部分の一部の管路を二重管式管路91Aとし、二重管の内管をSUS製エキスパンドメタルで形成して二重管式スクリーン53を構成した。エキスパンドメタルのメッシュサイズは1mm×0.4mmとした。二重管式管路91Aの内管(二重管式スクリーン53)の末端を垂直に配置された移送管路94の途中に接続し、二重管式管路91Aの外管を前記内管の末端よりも延長し、その末端を二重管式管路91Aの下流端下方に配置された微粒子貯蔵容器56の上面に接続した。微粒子貯蔵容器56内部は、移送管路94の前記内管との接続部よりも上方の位置に管路94Aで連通されている。また、垂直に配置された移送管路94の下端には、流動媒体を気体搬送するための搬送気体が供給されるようになっている。微粒子貯蔵容器56の底部には開口が設けられ、微粒子取り出し用の弁56Aが取り付けられている。また、抜き出し管路91の傾斜部分の上流側(高い側)には、図示されていない搬送気体供給手段が接続されている。抜き出し管路91の傾斜部分を設ける位置は、流動層火炉直下の、できるだけ火炉に近い位置とするのが望ましい。
【0037】
上記構成の加圧流動層ボイラにおいて、定格負荷で運転中に、加圧流動層の基準層温度を860℃から885℃へと25℃上昇させた。これに伴い炉内の流動媒体の10%に相当する量を、流動層火炉の底部に流動媒体の抜き出し管路91から抜き出し、移送管路94を経て流動媒体の貯蔵装置95に移送した。
【0038】
図10に示すように、流動層火炉直下の流動媒体の抜き出し管路91の傾斜した部分の一部の管路を二重管式管路91Aとし、二重管の内管をSUS製エキスパンドメタルで二重管式スクリーン53を形成してある。二重管式スクリーン53のメッシュサイズは1mm×0.4mmとしてあるので、火炉から抜き出された流動媒体のうち、粒径0.4mm以下の微細粒子は二重管式管路91Aを流下しながら二重管式スクリーン53により分級された。分級された微細粒子は外管を流下して微粒子貯蔵容器56に貯えられ、流動媒体の循環経路から分離除去された。微細粒子とともに微粒子貯蔵容器56に流入する搬送気体は、管路94Aを経て移送管路94に導かれるから、前記外管、微粒子貯蔵容器56、管路94A、移送管路94という搬送気体の流れができ、内管から外管に落下した分級された微細粒子は、この搬送気体の流れにのって微粒子貯蔵容器56に導かれる。
【0039】
200時間以上の定負荷運転が継続される場合は、200時間経過ごとにこの操作を繰り返すのが望ましい。
【0040】
これにより、流動層直下で微細粒子を除去できるため、抜き出し配管内での微細粒子の固着による閉塞をも防止することができた。
参考例3
図1に示す流動媒体の貯蔵装置95を備えた加圧流動層ボイラを75%定格負荷で運転中に、加圧流動層の基準層温度を860℃から885℃へと25℃上昇させた。これに伴い炉内の流動媒体の10%に相当する量を、流動層火炉の底部の流動媒体の抜き出し管路から抜き出し、移送管路94を経て流動媒体の貯蔵装置95に移送した。
【0041】
流動媒体の貯蔵装置95内には、図1に示すように、メッシュサイズ5.56mmのSUS製傾斜スクリーン51を、水平面に対して傾斜した向きに設置してある。傾斜角は流動媒体の安息角以上の角度としてあるから、貯蔵装置95内に戻された流動媒体は傾斜スクリーン51上を流れ下り、流動媒体中の小さい粒子は流れ下りながら傾斜スクリーン51の穴を通って容器95A底部に落下する。傾斜スクリーン51の穴を通過しない大きさの粒子(粗粒子)は、傾斜スクリーン51上をそのまま下方に流れ下り、粗粒子の排出管路97を経て流動媒体の循環経路該に取り出される。
【0042】
これにより粒径5.56mm以上の粗粒アグロメは、抜き出された流動媒体中より分離除去された。粗粒アグロメが分離された流動媒体18は流動媒体の貯蔵装置95内に貯えられ、負荷上昇時に再び火炉11へ供給される。流動媒体の投入ノズル98は本参考例では容器95Aの中心軸上に設置されているが、傾斜スクリーン51の相対的高さが高い位置に偏心して設置すると分級効率が高まる。分離された粗粒アグロメは傾斜スクリーン51の傾きに従って、傾斜スクリーン51の下端に設置された粗粒子の排出管路97に移動し、流動媒体の循環経路から除去された。これにより、アグロメ生成のもう一つの原因物質である粗粒状ズリも流動媒体中から排除することができた。
【0043】
200時間以上の定負荷運転が継続される場合は、200時間経過ごとにこの操作を繰り返すのが望ましい。
〈実施例
流動媒体の抜き出し管路91と移送管路94に図10に示す構成を備えた加圧流動層ボイラを100%定格出力で運転中、出力を100%から75%へ降下させるのに伴い、炉内の流動媒体の25%に相当する量を、流動層火炉の底部の流動媒体の抜き出し管路91から抜き出し、移送管路94を経て流動媒体の貯蔵装置95に移送した。
【0044】
図10に示すように、流動層火炉直下の流動媒体の抜き出し管路91の傾斜した部分の一部の管路を二重管式管路91Aとし、二重管の内管をSUS製エキスパンドメタルで形成して二重管式スクリーン53を構成してある。二重管式スクリーン53のメッシュサイズは1mm×0.4mmとし、火炉から抜き出された流動媒体のうち、粒径0.4mm以下の微細粒子は流動媒体の抜き出し管路91を流下しながら二重管式スクリーン53により分級された。分級された微細粒子は微粒子貯蔵容器56に貯えられ、流動媒体の循環経路から分離除去された。
【0045】
これにより、流動層直下で微細粒子を除去できるため、抜き出し配管内での微細粒子の固着による閉塞をも防止することができる。
【発明の効果】
【0046】
本発明によれば、流動媒体中の、特定粒径範囲より径の小さい微細粒子を、機械的な動作部分のある機械を用いることなく、流動媒体の循環経路から除去することが可能となり、火炉の安定した運転が可能となる
【図面の簡単な説明】
【0047】
【図1】 本発明の第1の参考例の要部構成を示す断面図である。
【図2】 SiO2−Al2O3−CaO三成分系相平衡図である。
【図3】 燃焼灰成形体の圧壊強度に及ぼす熱処理温度の影響を示すグラフである。
【図4】 模擬灰成形体の圧壊強度に及ぼすCaO含有率の影響を示すグラフである。
【図5】 火炉内の流動媒体の粒径分布の火炉高さ方向の変化を示すグラフである。
【図6】 空気分散板形状の一例を示す断面図である。
【図7】 空気分散板及び流動媒体抜き出し部の構造の一例を示す断面図である。
【図8】 加圧流動層ボイラの全体構成と流動媒体の循環経路の例を示す断面図である。
【図9】 本発明の第2の参考例の要部構成を示す断面図である。
【図10】 本発明の第1の実施例の要部構成を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
【0048】
11 流動層火炉
12 空気分散板
15 伝熱管
18 流動媒体
51 傾斜スクリーン
52 円錐形状スクリーン
53 二重管式スクリーン
55 粗粒子貯蔵容器
55A 弁
56 微粒子貯蔵容器
56A 弁
61 空気噴出孔
65 吹き溜まり
66 ウインドボックス
90 炉底灰の排出管路
91 流動媒体の抜出管路
91A 二重管式管路
92 流動媒体の供給管路
93 燃料ノズル
94 流動媒体の移送管路
94A 管路
95 流動媒体の貯蔵装置
95A 容器
97 粗粒子の排出管路
98 流動媒体の投入ノズル
99 流動媒体の供給ノズル
100 炉体BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001]
  The present invention is a pressurized fluidized bed boiler.In particular, technology that suppresses aggregation of fluid mediaAbout.
[Prior art]
[0002]
  A pressurized fluidized bed boiler is a high pressure of about 860 ° C, driven by a steam turbine with steam generated by recovery of combustion heat by burning coal in fluidized bed using limestone (CaCO3) as a fluid medium under a pressure of about 9 atmospheres. It is a main component of a high-efficiency combined power generation system that drives a gas turbine using the combustion gas of The coal mixed with the fluidized medium burns while flowing in the fluidized bed, and the generated combustion heat is diffused by the flow of the coal itself, the heat transfer to the fluidized medium and the flow, and the temperature in the fluidized bed is made uniform. The
[0003]
  However, if the combustion reaction proceeds in a state where heat transfer to the surrounding area is inhibited, the temperature rises locally, the ash melts and takes in the fluid medium to produce large aggregates (agglomerates), and the fluidized bed The flow as a combustion furnace is stopped and the function as a combustion furnace is stopped. The agglomerates also block the fluid medium transfer line for fluid medium discharge or load changes and indirectly shut down the furnace.
[0004]
  The biggest causes of agglomeration are the obstruction of the flow in the furnace and the uneven distribution of fuel supply. In the flow inhibition in the furnace, if the heat transfer tube in the furnace is arranged to prevent the smooth flow of the fluid medium, or if there is a problem that the fluid medium is withdrawn or the fluid flow in the supply section stops There is an example in which the flow stops locally due to the mixture of coarse particles. As countermeasures, the flow in the furnace is precisely analyzed, the arrangement of the heat transfer tubes, the extraction of the fluid medium, and the optimization of the structure of the supply unit are being promoted. Coexistence of coarse particles can be solved by removing the gap in the coal through thorough coal preparation.
[0005]
  The uneven distribution of the fuel supply is caused by a defect in the arrangement of the heat transfer tubes in the fuel supply device and the furnace, and can be prevented by improving the fuel supply device and the heat transfer tube arrangement which cause the fuel supply. For example,Patent Document 1Describes a distributor device for improving the distribution of fuel and gas in a fluidized bed.
[Patent Document 1]
Special Table Hei 6-504360News
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
[0006]
  Despite these measures, agglomeration is still seen in the furnace, and it is impossible to eradicate the shutdown of the furnace.Not reached.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0007]
When the furnace is stoppedA detailed examination of the internal situation revealed that relatively small agglomerates (coarse agglomerates) were frequently generated, even though they did not produce huge agglomerates that would run through the furnace. A small agglomerate clogged a part of the outlet of the fluid medium at the bottom of the furnace, and obstructed the extraction of the fluid medium necessary for load adjustment. If this is left as it is and the operation of the furnace is continued, this agglomerate will continue to grow and may lead to a furnace malfunction.
[0008]
  As a result of detailed analysis of the production state and shape of this coarse granular agglomerate, the agglomerate production location is concentrated at the bottom of the furnace, and although the fluid medium is taken in with a size of about 20 mm, the coupling between particles is weak, There was little trace of melting. This indicates that the production of small agglomerates is proceeding at a temperature close to the operating temperature of the furnace without going through melting.
[0009]
  In the pressurized fluidized bed boiler, limestone (CaCO3) and SiO2-Al2O3, which are coal combustion ash, coexist and are exposed to a temperature of about 860 ° C. A portion of the limestone undergoes a decarboxylation reaction to produce active quicklime (CaO), which is expected to react with the combustion ash to produce a low melting point compound.
[0010]
  As a CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary phase equilibrium diagram, a diagram as shown in FIG. 2 is known (“Phase Diagrams for Ceramists”, Vol. 1, FIG. 630, the American Ceramic Society, Inc. (1964). )). According to this, the melting point of each component is 2570 ° C. for CaO, 1723 ° C. for SiO 2 and 2020 ° C. for Al 2 O 3, but the melting point decreases when the three components are mixed with each other. For example, the composition region of anorthite (CaO.Al2O3.2SiO2) is located in the middle and upper part of the figure. In this composition region, the composition having the lowest melting point in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system exists. The melting point of is 1170 ° C.
[0011]
  This phase equilibrium diagram merely shows the melting point of the corresponding composition, and the solid-phase reaction between the three components of CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 can actually proceed at a temperature lower than the melting point. Empirically, it is known that the solid-phase reaction proceeds at a temperature of about 60% of the melting point. With a composition corresponding to the lowest melting point of anorthite of 1170 ° C., the reaction may proceed from around 700 ° C. The melting point of the stoichiometric composition of anorthite (CaO · Al 2 O 3 · 2SiO 2) is 1553 ° C., and the solid-phase reaction proceeds from around 930 ° C. in this composition. According to the composition analysis of the coarse-grained agglomerates, the composition of the three components of CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 is close to the composition range of anorthite and gehlenite shown in FIG. 2, and the formation of the above compound was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
[0012]
  Therefore, the effects of temperature and time on the aggregation reaction of limestone and combustion ash in the furnace were investigated using simulated ash. Coal ash was simulated by mixing silica (SiO 2) powder and alumina (Al 2 O 3) powder, and the composition was set to the following three types.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003911599
  Ashes of these compositions, each of 88, 75 and 50 parts by weight were mixed with quick lime (CaO) powder at a ratio of 12, 25 and 50 parts by weight, respectively, to simulate the ash composition in the furnace of the pressurized fluidized bed, A load was applied to the product molded into a size of 3 × 2 × 2 mm, and the load when the molded body was crushed was divided by the cross-sectional area of the molded body to obtain a crushing strength.
[0014]
  When the molded body was heat-treated while changing the temperature, the crushing strength of the molded body rapidly increased when the temperature exceeded 800 ° C. as shown in FIG. This is because a bond is formed between the powder particles by a solid phase reaction between CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3, and the powder particles are bound to each other by this bond. According to the ternary phase equilibrium diagram of FIG. 2, the melting point of anorthite is at least 1170 ° C. If the progress of the solid-phase reaction becomes remarkable at a temperature of 60% of the melting point as described above, the temperature Becomes 702 ° C., and the solid phase reaction can proceed sufficiently at 800 ° C.
[0015]
  When the same test was performed by changing the CaO ratio, the crushing strength increased as the CaO ratio increased as shown in FIG.
[0016]
  In addition, a mixture of limestone particles with a particle size of 1 to 3 mm that simulates a fluid medium and silica, alumina, and quicklime powder that simulates combustion ash are mixed at a weight ratio of 85/15 and heat-treated in the same manner, and simulated at a temperature of 930 ° C. The solid phase reaction of ash produced a bond between limestone particles through silica and alumina, resulting in an aggregate of about 20 mm in diameter. Actually, the combustion ash contains various trace components, and the Si and Al components are present in a high proportion in the form of kaolinite (2SiO2, Al2O3, 2H2O) having a small particle size and high reactivity. In addition, a porous layer is expected to be formed on the particle surface by decarboxylation on the fluid medium side, and a solid-phase reaction proceeds at a temperature lower than the test result using the simulated ash.
[0017]
  Particles are constantly moving in the furnace and it is usually difficult to imagine that a solid phase reaction will proceed between the particles. However, the fluidized medium and combustion ash may be mixed in a specific place in the furnace, and a standing state may appear. When the operation of the furnace is continued in this state, the mixture is exposed to the high temperature atmosphere of the combustion field, and a CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary compound is generated by a solid phase reaction. When the composition of the mixture is close to the low-melting-point compound composition in FIG. 2, the solid-phase reaction proceeds more strongly, and aggregates (agglomerates) are generated. Since the degree of agglomeration is proportional to the time of exposure to a high temperature atmosphere, that is, the operation time of the furnace, if the agglomerate produced is left as it is during the operation period and continues to operate, giant agglomerates may be generated and the furnace may be stopped. There is.
[0018]
  Specifically, at which position particle retention occurred, the fluid medium in the furnace was collected at each position in the height direction at the time of furnace inspection, and the particle size distribution was measured. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the ratio of particles having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less in the fluidized medium is higher than the upper part of the furnace at the upper part of the dispersion plate, and the medium having a smaller particle size is immediately above the dispersion plate. It was confirmed that there are many.
[0019]
  FIG. 6 shows an example of the air dispersion plate structure. A puddle is generated in the portion corresponding to the blind spot of the combustion air blowing port, and among the combustion ash mainly composed of SiO2 and Al2 O3 and the pulverized material of the fluid medium, It is thought that the part which could not accompany the rising gas flow in the furnace stays. In addition, when the flow is slow, particles having a large particle size gather at the top and particles having a small particle size gather at the bottom, and the accumulation of particles having a small particle size is accelerated.
[0020]
  Furthermore, since the combustion reaction has not yet proceeded immediately above the dispersion plate and the CO2 partial pressure is low, the decarboxylation reaction of limestone is likely to proceed. When the decarboxylation reaction proceeds in the fluid medium accumulated immediately above the dispersion plate and the ratio of CaO increases, the solid phase reaction easily proceeds between SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 because of high reactivity.
[0021]
  In order to suppress the formation of agglomerates due to the solid-phase reaction, it is necessary to suppress the retention of fine particles immediately above the dispersion plate and to remove the coarse particles generated by the solid-phase reaction. To prevent fine particles from staying in the furnace,
(1) Increasing the superficial velocity or increasing the jet velocity from the air nozzle to cause fine particles to accompany the combustion gas and scatter from the furnace, and (2) discharge the accumulated part from the furnace bottom. how to
There is. However, when the superficial velocity is increased, the amount of ash scattered increases and the load on the dust removal equipment increases. Furthermore, the flow of the fluid medium becomes active, and wear of the heat transfer tube becomes remarkable, which is inappropriate. Further, even if the ejection speed from the air nozzle is increased, it is not sufficient to eliminate the blind spot, and the discharge from the furnace bottom is the most effective. Coarse-grained agglomerates tend to stay at the bottom of the furnace, and in order to eliminate this, it is most effective to use furnace bottom extraction.
[0022]
  An example of the schematic structure of the fluidized bed boiler is shown in FIG. The illustrated fluidized bed boiler includes a furnace body 100 that includes a heat transfer tube 15 and forms a furnace 11, an air dispersion plate 12 that is disposed substantially horizontally across the furnace 11 at the bottom of the furnace 11, and an air dispersion A wind box 66 formed below the plate 12, and a fluid medium extraction pipe 91 that passes through the lower ends of the air dispersion plate 12 and the furnace body 100 in the vertical direction and has one end opened on the upper surface of the air dispersion plate 12. Similarly, a furnace bottom ash discharge conduit 90 that is disposed through the lower ends of the air dispersion plate 12 and the furnace body 100 in the vertical direction and opens at the upper surface of the air dispersion plate 12 is connected to the furnace body 100. A fuel nozzle 93 for supplying fuel to the furnace 11, a fluid medium storage device 95 connected to the other end of the fluid medium extraction conduit 91 via a fluid medium transfer conduit 94, and a fluid medium storage device 95 bottom and furnace 1 It is configured to include a supply conduit 92 of the fluidized medium for communicating and the. A carrier gas for carrying the fluid medium is supplied to the connecting portion between the transfer pipe 94 and the extraction pipe 91 and the lower end of the vertical portion of the transfer pipe 94. In addition, the apparatus etc. for pressurizing the furnace 11 are abbreviate | omitting illustration.
[0023]
  The air dispersion plate 12 installed at the bottom of the furnace 11 is filled with a fluid medium, and combustion air is supplied to the wind box 66 below the air dispersion plate 12, and this air is formed in the air dispersion plate 12. The fluid medium is fluidized by blowing upward from the air holes. When lowering the load of the boiler during operation (the same applies when the load is reduced), the fluid medium is extracted from the furnace 11 in accordance with the load drop from the fluid medium extraction pipe 91 that is also installed at the bottom of the furnace. The extracted fluid medium is transferred to the storage device 95. When the load is increased, the fluid medium is supplied from the fluid medium storage device 95 into the furnace through the fluid medium supply pipe 92 installed on the side surface of the furnace.
[0024]
  The coal supplied from the fuel nozzle 93 burns while flowing in the fluidized bed, and the generated combustion ash is discharged from the furnace together with the combustion gas, but a part of the coal remains in the furnace without being accompanied by the gas flow. In addition, the fluidized medium is partially worn by collision and reaction while flowing in the furnace, and a part of the small particle size particles generated thereby remain in the furnace.
In order to prevent accumulation of small particle ash containing combustion ash on the air dispersion plate 12, the air dispersion plate 12 around the furnace bottom ash discharge line 90 is inclined as shown in FIG. It is generally practiced to have a hopper shape and a structure that can discharge small particle size ash from the vicinity of the air dispersion plate at any time. Thereby, the fluid medium containing the small particle size ash discharged out of the furnace is discarded.
[0025]
  However, the small particle size ash and coarse particles contained in the fluid medium extracted from the fluid medium extraction conduit 91 when the load is lowered are returned to the fluid medium storage facility 95 and again as it is with the fluid medium when the load is increased. It is returned to the inside and becomes a causative substance of agglomeration by solid phase reaction in the furnace.
[0026]
  In order to avoid this, it is necessary to remove the small particle size ash and coarse particles during the circulation of the fluidized medium so that they are not returned to the furnace again. For this reason, the coarse agglomerates are returned to the fluid medium storage device 95 and then classified and removed in the storage device. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a screen provided with a large number of holes of a predetermined size in the storage device 95 is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, and the fluid medium returned into the storage device 95 is placed on the inclined screen. Input and separate coarse particles. As a result, particles having a diameter exceeding the specific particle size range in the fluidized medium are removed from the circulating fluidized medium, and the fluidized medium does not produce agglomerates even when returned to the furnace.
[0027]
  The small particle size ash cannot be separated from the circulating fluid medium by the classification method in the storage device 95 described above. On the contrary, in the process of being transferred through the transfer pipe 94, there is a concern that the pipe is deposited in the pipe and is blocked. Therefore, in order to prevent clogging in the transfer pipeline, it is necessary to separate the small particle size ash from the fluid medium on the side close to the furnace, that is, directly below the furnace.
[0028]
  Normally, extraction of the fluid medium from the furnace bottom is performed at the time of load drop. However, it is not sufficient to extract the fluid medium only when the load drops, and measures must be taken to allow the fluid medium to be extracted even during normal constant load operation. Since the output of the pressurized fluidized bed boiler is determined by the amount of heat absorption, when the set temperature of the fluidized bed is increased, it is necessary to lower the heat transfer area, that is, the height of the fluidized bed. On the other hand, when the set temperature of the fluidized bed is lowered, the heat transfer area, that is, the height of the fluidized bed must be increased. Using the temperature setting of the fluidized bed, the fluidized medium is taken in and out, and the coarse particles in the fluidized medium can be classified even during a constant load operation.
[0029]
  An object of the present invention is to prevent clogging due to small particle size ash in a transfer pipe for transferring a fluidized medium from a fluidized bed furnace to a fluidized medium storage facility during operation of a pressurized fluidized bed boiler..
[0030]
The means of the present invention for achieving the above object includes a fluid medium extraction line for extracting a fluid medium from a fluidized bed furnace to a fluidized medium storage facility, a pipe for supplying the fluidized medium from the fluidized medium storage facility to the fluidized bed furnace. In a pressurized fluidized bed boiler provided with a passage, in order to separate particles having a diameter equal to or smaller than a specific particle size contained in the fluidized medium extracted from the fluidized bed furnace, the fluidized medium extraction pipe line directly below the fluidized bed furnace A double-pipe pipe line in which the inner pipe of the inclined part is made of a mesh metal, and the outer pipe of the double-pipe pipe line is connected to the upper surface of the particulate storage container. A classifying facility is provided in which the transfer pipe connected to the inner pipe of the heavy pipe type pipe and the inside of the particulate storage container communicate with each other.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0031]
  The present inventionReference examples andEmbodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
<Reference example 1>
  Reference exampleIs obtained by replacing the fluid medium storage device 95 of the pressurized fluidized bed boiler shown in FIG. 8 with the fluid medium storage device 95 shown in FIG. The illustrated storage device 95 has a cylindrical container 95A which is closed at both ends and arranged with the axis substantially vertical, and is installed on the central axis of the upper end of the container 95A. One end is opened in the container 95A and the other end is transferred. A fluid medium injection nozzle 98 connected to the conduit 94 and a fluid medium installed on the central axis of the lower end portion of the container 95A and having one end opened to the bottom surface of the container 95A and the other end connected to the fluid medium supply conduit 92. Projecting outwardly from the supply nozzle 99, the inclined screen 51 inclined to the horizontal plane in the upper part of the container 95 </ b> A, and the wall surface of the container 95 </ b> A in contact with the end of the inclined screen 51 at the lowest position. And a coarse particle discharge pipe 97 formed in this manner. The configuration other than the fluid medium storage device 95 is the same as the configuration of the pressurized fluidized bed boiler shown in FIG. 8, and illustration and description thereof are omitted.
[0032]
  In the pressurized fluidized bed boiler equipped with the fluidized medium storage device 95 shown in FIG. 1, the pressure of the pressurized fluidized bed boiler is reduced from 100% to 75%, corresponding to 25% of the fluidized medium in the furnace. The amount to be removed was withdrawn from the fluid medium extraction pipe 91 at the bottom of the fluidized bed furnace and transferred to the fluid medium storage device 95 via the transfer pipe 94.
[0033]
  In the fluid medium storage device 95, as shown in FIG. 1, an inclined screen 51 made of SUS having a mesh size of 5.56 mm is installed in a direction inclined with respect to a horizontal plane. The inclination angle is an angle greater than the repose angle of the fluid medium. The flowing medium returned into the storage device 95 flows down on the inclined screen 51, and small particles in the flowing medium fall to the bottom of the container 95A through the holes of the inclined screen 51 while flowing down. Particles having a size that does not pass through the holes of the inclined screen 51 (coarse particles) flow down on the inclined screen 51 as they are, and are taken out through the coarse particle discharge pipe 97 to the circulation path of the fluid medium.
[0034]
  As a result, coarse agglomerates having a particle size of 5.56 mm or more were separated and removed from the extracted fluid medium. The fluidized medium 18 from which the coarse agglomerates have been separated is stored in the fluidized medium storage device 95 and supplied again to the furnace 11 when the load increases. In this embodiment, the fluid medium charging nozzle 98 is installed on the central axis of the container 95A. However, if the inclined screen 51 is installed eccentrically at a position where the relative height of the inclined screen 51 is high, the classification efficiency increases. The separated coarse agglomerates moved to the coarse particle discharge pipe 97 installed at the lower end of the inclined screen 51 according to the inclination of the inclined screen 51, and were removed from the circulation path of the fluid medium. As a result, coarse granular slip, which is another causative substance of agglomeration, can be eliminated from the fluidized medium.
<Reference example 2>
  Reference exampleIs obtained by replacing the fluidized medium storage device 95 of the pressurized fluidized bed boiler shown in FIG. 8 with the fluidized medium storage device 95 shown in FIG. The illustrated storage device 95 includes a cylindrical container 95A that is closed at both ends and arranged substantially vertically, an eccentric installation at the upper end of the container 95A, one end opening into the container 95A, and the other end being a transfer line. 94 is connected to a fluid medium supply nozzle 98, and is supplied on the center axis of the lower end of the container 95A. One end of the container 95A is opened to the bottom surface of the container 95A and the other end is connected to the fluid medium supply line 92. Connected to the nozzle 99, a funnel-shaped conical screen 52 arranged with its axis aligned with the central axis of the container 95A in the upper part of the container 95A, and the end (small diameter end) at the lowest position of the conical screen 52 The coarse particle storage container 55, a valve 55A connected to the lower end opening of the coarse particle storage container 55, a coarse particle discharge pipe 97 formed to protrude outwardly from the furnace wall below the valve 55A, Coarse particle storage container 55 and discharge It is configured to include a conduit 55B which communicates, the the road 97 through the valve 55A. The configuration other than the fluid medium storage device 95 is the same as the configuration of the pressurized fluidized bed boiler shown in FIG. 8, and illustration and description thereof are omitted.
[0035]
  In the pressurized fluidized bed boiler provided with the fluidized medium storage device 95 shown in FIG. 9, the reference bed temperature of the pressurized fluidized bed was increased by 25 ° C. from 860 ° C. to 885 ° C. during operation at a constant load of 100%. Along with this, an amount corresponding to 10% of the fluid medium in the furnace was extracted from the fluid medium extraction line 91 at the bottom of the fluidized bed furnace, and transferred to the fluid medium storage device 95 via the transfer line 94.
[0036]
  As shown in FIG. 9, a conical screen 52 is formed of a SUS mesh screen having a mesh size of 5.56 mm, and is stretched in a container 95A with the apex of the screen facing downward. The flowing medium injection nozzle 98 is attached at a position eccentric from the central axis of the container 95A. The inclination angle of the conical screen 52 was set to an angle greater than the repose angle of the fluid medium, and the fluid medium returned into the storage device 95 was classified while flowing down on the cone screen 52. The classified coarse particles were stored in a coarse particle storage container 55 installed below the apex of the cone, discharged through a discharge pipe 97, and the coarse agglomerates were removed from the circulation path of the fluid medium. When constant load operation for 200 hours or more is continued, it is desirable to repeat this operation every 200 hours. As a result, it was possible to eliminate coarse granular slip, which is another causative substance of agglomeration, from the fluid medium.
<Example1>
  This exampleReference Example 1 and Reference Example 2Part of the fluid medium extraction pipe 91 and the transfer pipe 94 of the pressurized fluidized bed boiler is replaced with the construction shown in FIG.Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 2It is the same as the configuration of In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, an inclined portion is provided in the fluid medium extraction conduit 91 just below the fluidized bed furnace, and a part of the inclined portion is a double-pipe conduit 91A. The double pipe type screen 53 was formed by forming the inner pipe of the double pipe with SUS expanded metal. The expanded metal mesh size was 1 mm × 0.4 mm. The end of the inner pipe (double pipe screen 53) of the double pipe pipe 91A is connected to the middle of the transfer pipe 94 arranged vertically, and the outer pipe of the double pipe pipe 91A is connected to the inner pipe. The end was connected to the upper surface of the particulate storage container 56 disposed below the downstream end of the double-pipe pipe line 91A. The inside of the particulate storage container 56 is communicated with a position above the connecting portion of the transfer conduit 94 with the inner tube by a conduit 94A. Further, a carrier gas for carrying the fluid medium by gas is supplied to the lower end of the vertically arranged transfer pipeline 94. An opening is provided at the bottom of the particle storage container 56, and a valve 56A for removing particles is attached. In addition, a carrier gas supply means (not shown) is connected to the upstream side (high side) of the inclined portion of the extraction conduit 91. The position where the inclined portion of the extraction pipe 91 is provided is preferably a position directly below the fluidized bed furnace and as close to the furnace as possible.
[0037]
  In the pressurized fluidized bed boiler configured as described above, the reference bed temperature of the pressurized fluidized bed was increased by 25 ° C. from 860 ° C. to 885 ° C. during operation at the rated load. Along with this, an amount corresponding to 10% of the fluid medium in the furnace was extracted from the fluid medium extraction pipe 91 to the bottom of the fluidized bed furnace, and transferred to the fluid medium storage device 95 via the transfer pipe 94.
[0038]
  As shown in FIG. 10, a part of the inclined part of the fluid medium extraction pipe 91 just below the fluidized bed furnace 91 is a double pipe type 91A, and the inner pipe of the double pipe is an expanded metal made of SUS. A double tube screen 53 is formed. Since the double-pipe screen 53 has a mesh size of 1 mm × 0.4 mm, fine particles having a particle size of 0.4 mm or less out of the flowing medium extracted from the furnace flow down the double-pipe pipe line 91A. Classification was performed by a double tube screen 53. The classified fine particles flowed down the outer tube, stored in the fine particle storage container 56, and separated and removed from the circulation path of the fluid medium. Since the carrier gas flowing into the fine particle storage container 56 together with the fine particles is guided to the transfer pipe 94 through the pipe 94A, the flow of the carrier gas such as the outer pipe, the fine particle storage container 56, the pipe 94A, and the transfer pipe 94 is performed. The classified fine particles dropped from the inner tube to the outer tube are guided to the particle storage container 56 along the flow of the carrier gas.
[0039]
  When constant load operation for 200 hours or more is continued, it is desirable to repeat this operation every 200 hours.
[0040]
  Thereby, since the fine particles can be removed directly under the fluidized bed, it is possible to prevent clogging due to the fixation of the fine particles in the extraction pipe.
<Reference example 3>
  While operating the pressurized fluidized bed boiler equipped with the fluidized medium storage device 95 shown in FIG. 1 at a rated load of 75%, the reference fluidized bed temperature of the pressurized fluidized bed was increased from 860 ° C. to 885 ° C. by 25 ° C. Along with this, an amount corresponding to 10% of the fluid medium in the furnace was extracted from the fluid medium extraction line at the bottom of the fluidized bed furnace, and transferred to the fluid medium storage device 95 via the transfer line 94.
[0041]
  In the fluid medium storage device 95, as shown in FIG. 1, a SUS inclined screen 51 having a mesh size of 5.56 mm is installed in a direction inclined with respect to a horizontal plane. Since the inclination angle is greater than the repose angle of the fluid medium, the fluid medium returned into the storage device 95 flows down on the inclined screen 51, and small particles in the fluid medium flow down the holes of the inclined screen 51 while flowing down. It passes through and falls to the bottom of the container 95A. Particles having a size that does not pass through the holes of the inclined screen 51 (coarse particles) flow down on the inclined screen 51 as they are, and are taken out through the coarse particle discharge pipe 97 to the circulation path of the fluid medium.
[0042]
  As a result, coarse agglomerates having a particle size of 5.56 mm or more were separated and removed from the extracted fluid medium. The fluidized medium 18 from which the coarse agglomerates have been separated is stored in the fluidized medium storage device 95 and supplied again to the furnace 11 when the load increases. The flow medium injection nozzle 98 isReference exampleIn this case, it is installed on the central axis of the container 95A, but if it is installed eccentrically at a position where the relative height of the inclined screen 51 is high, the classification efficiency increases. The separated coarse agglomerates moved to the coarse particle discharge pipe 97 installed at the lower end of the inclined screen 51 according to the inclination of the inclined screen 51, and were removed from the circulation path of the fluid medium. As a result, coarse granular slip, which is another causative substance of agglomeration, can be eliminated from the fluidized medium.
[0043]
  When constant load operation for 200 hours or more is continued, it is desirable to repeat this operation every 200 hours.
<Example2>
  During operation of a pressurized fluidized bed boiler having the structure shown in FIG. 10 in the fluid medium extraction pipe 91 and the transfer pipe 94 at 100% rated output, the furnace is reduced as the output is reduced from 100% to 75%. An amount corresponding to 25% of the fluidized medium was extracted from the fluidized medium extraction pipe 91 at the bottom of the fluidized bed furnace, and transferred to the fluidized medium storage device 95 via the transfer pipe 94.
[0044]
  As shown in FIG. 10, a part of the inclined part of the fluid medium extraction pipe 91 just below the fluidized bed furnace 91 is a double pipe type 91A, and the inner pipe of the double pipe is an expanded metal made of SUS. Thus, a double tube screen 53 is formed. The mesh size of the double-pipe screen 53 is 1 mm × 0.4 mm, and among the fluid media extracted from the furnace, fine particles having a particle size of 0.4 mm or less flow down the fluid-medium extraction conduit 91 and double-tube. Classification was carried out by the expression screen 53. The classified fine particles were stored in the fine particle storage container 56 and separated and removed from the circulation path of the fluid medium.
[0045]
  Thereby, since the fine particles can be removed directly under the fluidized bed, it is possible to prevent clogging due to the adhesion of the fine particles in the extraction pipe.
【The invention's effect】
[0046]
According to the present invention, it becomes possible to remove fine particles having a diameter smaller than the specific particle size range in the fluidized medium from the circulation path of the fluidized medium without using a machine having a mechanical operation part. Stable operation becomes possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[0047]
FIG. 1 shows the first of the present invention.Reference exampleIt is sectional drawing which shows the principal part structure of this.
FIG. 2 is an SiO2-Al2O3-CaO ternary phase equilibrium diagram.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of heat treatment temperature on the crushing strength of a combustion ash molded body.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of CaO content on the crushing strength of a simulated ash molded body.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in the particle size distribution of the fluid medium in the furnace in the furnace height direction.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an air dispersion plate shape.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of an air dispersion plate and a fluid medium extraction portion.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an overall configuration of a pressurized fluidized bed boiler and a circulation path of a fluid medium.
FIG. 9 shows the second of the present invention.Reference exampleIt is sectional drawing which shows the principal part structure of this.
FIG. 10 shows the present invention.First embodimentIt is sectional drawing which shows the principal part structure of this.
[Explanation of symbols]
[0048]
  11 Fluidized bed furnace
  12 Air dispersion plate
  15 Heat transfer tube
  18 Fluid media
  51 tilt screen
  52 Conical screen
  53 Double tube screen
  55 Coarse particle storage container
  55A valve
  56 Fine particle storage container
  56A valve
  61 Air outlet
  65 puddle
  66 Windbox
  90 Discharge pipe for bottom ash
  91 Extraction pipeline for fluid medium
  91A Double pipe line
  92 Supply line for fluid medium
  93 Fuel nozzle
  94 Transfer line for fluid medium
  94A pipeline
  95 Fluid storage device
  95A container
  97 Coarse particle discharge pipe
  98 Flowing medium injection nozzle
  99 Fluid supply nozzle
  100 furnace body

Claims (1)

流動媒体を流動層火炉から抜き出し流動媒体貯蔵設備へ送る流動媒体抜き出し管路及び移送管路と流動媒体貯蔵設備から流動層火炉へ流動媒体を供給する管路を備えた加圧流動層ボイラにおいて、
前記流動層火炉から抜き出された流動媒体中に含まれる特定粒径以下の径の粒子を分離するため、前記加圧流動層火炉直下の流動媒体抜き出し管路に傾斜部分を設け、該傾斜部分の内管を網目状金属で構成した二重管式管路を備え、該二重管式管路の外管が微粒子貯蔵容器の上面に接続され、前記二重管式管路の内管と接続した前記移送管路と前記微粒子貯蔵容器の内部とが連通する分級設備を備えたことを特徴とする加圧流動層ボイラ。
In a pressurized fluidized bed boiler comprising a fluidized medium extraction line for transferring a fluidized medium from a fluidized bed furnace to a fluidized medium storage facility and a conduit for supplying the fluidized medium from the fluidized medium storage facility to the fluidized bed furnace,
In order to separate particles having a diameter equal to or less than a specific particle size contained in the fluidized medium extracted from the fluidized bed furnace , an inclined part is provided in the fluidized medium extraction pipe line directly below the pressurized fluidized bed furnace , and the inclined part The inner pipe of the double-pipe pipe line is formed of a mesh metal , and the outer pipe of the double-pipe pipe line is connected to the upper surface of the particulate storage container. A pressurized fluidized bed boiler comprising a classifying facility in which the connected transfer pipe and the inside of the particulate storage container communicate with each other.
JP21279497A 1997-08-07 1997-08-07 Pressurized fluidized bed boiler Expired - Lifetime JP3911599B2 (en)

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JP6654127B2 (en) * 2016-10-24 2020-02-26 住友重機械工業株式会社 Coagulation control method, coagulation control material, compound preparation method, fluidized bed boiler, and fluid

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