JP3912828B2 - Water purification method - Google Patents
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- JP3912828B2 JP3912828B2 JP26717396A JP26717396A JP3912828B2 JP 3912828 B2 JP3912828 B2 JP 3912828B2 JP 26717396 A JP26717396 A JP 26717396A JP 26717396 A JP26717396 A JP 26717396A JP 3912828 B2 JP3912828 B2 JP 3912828B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、上水道、下水道、工業用水・工程水の精製、リサイクル、超純水製造の前処理に使用される、水の浄化方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
上記、水の浄化には、凝集沈殿・砂濾過・塩素注入による浄化、前記処理の塩素注入をオゾンに変更した処理、膜による懸濁物質の除濁、等により水の浄化が行われている。また、オゾン酸化反応の反応促進を狙って、触媒を添加する場合がある。
【0003】
さらに、膜とオゾン酸化を組み合わせた浄水処理が特開平7−265671号公報に紹介されている。しかしながら、上記浄化処理には、以下の欠点がある。
(1)凝集沈殿・砂濾過・塩素注入は、異臭味、THMの生成等、製品水々質が劣っており、さらに、濁度等の変化も原水水質の影響を受けやすく、凝集剤・塩素の添加・注入量を微妙に調製する必要があり、優れた方法とは言い難い。
【0004】
(2)濁質成分の除去に限外濾過膜、精密濾過膜等の膜を使用した、水処理法が比較的小規模の浄水場(簡易水道)に適用されつつあるが、膜面積当たりの採水量が小さく、上
記、凝集沈殿・砂濾過・塩素注入による浄水処理に比べ経済性に劣り、また、水質自体も、(1)の処理水質に比べれば、優れているものの、充分満足出来る水質とは言い難い。
【0005】
(3)上記、凝集沈殿・砂濾過・塩素注入のTHM生成および、異臭味の発生原因の一部である、塩素注入による、有機物分解をTHM生成のない、オゾン酸化により行う、いわゆる、高度処理が複数の大規模浄水場に適用されているが、懸濁成分の除去は依然として、凝集沈殿・砂濾過に頼っており、濁質の除去という観点では、優れた方法とは言えず、また、オゾン処理により分解された、低分子量有機化合物も存在する。この低分子量有機物を除去するのに、後段に活性炭処理工程を加える必要がある。活性炭処理工程は、定期的に活性炭の更新を行う必要があり、ランニングコストの上昇を招く。また、活性炭表面に微生物を住まわせ、微生物により、低分子有機物を分解する、いわゆる微生物活性炭処理法により、長期間に渡って、低分子有機化合物の除去が可能であるが、微生物活性炭の除去機構については不明な点があり、事実上成り行きの管理(処理)であることから、完成された処理技術とは言い難い。
【0006】
(4)さらに、上記オゾン処理における有機物の分解効率をより効率良くするため、オゾン酸化反応を促進する触媒の存在下でオゾン処理することにより、より有機物の分解を促進する方法が特開平2−174934、4−256495、5−220489号公報に記載されているが、触媒表面が有機物、その他濁質成分により覆われる事により、触媒の効果が損なわれ、長期間の使用が出来ない。
【0007】
(5)また、オゾン酸化処理と膜による濁質成分の除去を行うことにより、膜表面の有機物由来のファウリングを防止しつつ、濁質成分の除去を行う水処理技術が特開平7−265671号公報に開示されているが、上記(3)と同様に分解された低分子量有機物の除去を行うために、後段に活性炭処理工程を加える必要がある。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記水処理方法それぞれに存在する、欠点をなくし、より高品質の水を、より簡便なシステムにより、製造するための方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、下記の通りのものである。
1)オゾン酸化を利用した水の浄化方法において、膜濾過による除濁と触媒によるオゾン酸化反応促進とを組み合わせた水の浄化方法であって、
被処理水にオゾンガスを混入させた後、膜濾過による除濁を行ない、その濾過水を、オゾン酸化反応を促進する触媒へ通水する事を特徴とする水の浄化方法。
【0010】
【0011】
2)オゾン酸化を利用した水の浄化方法において、膜濾過による除濁と触媒によるオゾン酸化反応促進とを組み合わせた水の浄化方法であって、
被処理水にオゾンガスを混入させた後、オゾン酸化反応を促進する触媒へ通水し、その処理水にさらに、オゾンガスを混入すると共に、膜濾過により、除濁を行う事を特徴とする水の浄化方法。
3)膜濾過に使用される膜がオゾン耐性を有する素材により製膜されたものであることを特徴とする上記1)又は2)に記載の水の浄化方法。
【0012】
上記1)〜6)のいずれかのフローにより、構成された水の浄化方法である。ここで、2)〜6)のフローにつき、以下さらに詳細に述べる。2)のフローは、濁質成分及び、有機物が多い水質の場合に適したフローであり、まず、はじめにオゾンガスを注入する事により、フミン酸・フルボ酸のごとき、高分子有機化合物を低分子に分解すると共に、原虫の死滅、細菌の殺菌、ウィルスの不活性化が行われる。有機物が低分子量化する事、及び、原虫の死滅、細菌の殺菌により、濁質成分表面を覆う、及び/又は、濁質成分を凝集させていた粘着性物質(高分子有機化合物、原虫・細菌の代謝物など)が取り除かれる事により、濾過膜表面のファウリングが軽微で済み、高い水準で濾過水が採水できる。
【0013】
次に、オゾンが溶存された、濾過水をオゾン酸化反応を促進する触媒に通水する事により、低分子化された有機化合物をさらに低分子の有機物に分解する事により、より、高品質の水が得られる。ここで、濾過膜により、濁質成分を除去された水を触媒へ通水するため、触媒の表面が汚染されることなく、長期間にわたって触媒の活性が保たれる。
【0014】
3)のフローは、濁質成分が比較的少なく、有機物の多い原水水質の場合に適したフローであり、まず、はじめにオゾンガスを注入する事により、フミン酸・フルボ酸のごとき、高分子有機化合物を低分子に分解すると共に、原虫の死滅、細菌の殺菌、ウィルスの不活性化が行われる。さらに、オゾン酸化反応を促進する触媒へ通水する事により、有機物の酸化分解反応が促進され、極低分子量の有機化合物と濁質成分のみが含有された水となる。この水を濾過膜へ通水する事により、濁質成分の除去を行う。
【0015】
4)のフローは、濁質成分及び、有機物の含有量が少ない原水水質の場合に適したフローであり、濾過膜により、濁質成分の除去を行い、その濾過水にオゾンガスを注入する事により、濾過水中の有機物を高分子量化合物から低分子化合物に分解する。さらに、オゾン酸化反応を促進する触媒に通水する事により、低分子化された有機物をさらに低分子量の有機化合物にする。
【0016】
5)のフローは、濁質成分が多く、有機物が非常に多い原水水質の場合に適したフローであり、まず、はじめにオゾンガスを注入する事により、フミン酸・フルボ酸のごとき、高分子有機化合物を低分子に分解すると共に、原虫の死滅、細菌の殺菌、ウィルスの不活性化が行われる。有機物が低分子量化する事、及び、原虫の死滅、細菌の殺菌により、濁質成分表面を覆う、及び/又は、濁質成分を凝集させていた、粘着性物質(高分子有機化合物、原虫・細菌の代謝物)が取り除かれる事により、濾過膜表面のファウリングが軽微で済み、高い水準で濾過水が採水できる。さらに、オゾンガスを注入する事により、上記殺菌、分解等に消費された溶存オゾンを補給し、さらに、オゾン酸化を促進する触媒に通水する事により、分解されずに残存した有機化合物を極微量の有機酸、多価アルコール及び又はその過酸化物、二酸化炭素まで、酸化・分解する。
【0017】
6)のフローは、濁質成分が少なく、有機物が非常に多い場合の原水水質に適したフローであり、まず、オゾンガスを注入する事により、フミン酸・フルボ酸のごとき、高分子有機化合物を低分子に分解すると共に、原虫の死滅、細菌の殺菌、ウィルスの不活性化が行われる。この際、オゾン酸化を促進する触媒に通水する事により、オゾン酸化の効果を高める。その後、さらにオゾンガスを注入する事により、濾過膜へ供給される供給水の成分が濁質成分のみとなるようにし、濾過膜へ供給する事により、濾過膜表面のファウリングが防止でき、高水準での濾過水の採水が可能となる。
【0018】
ここで、4)のフローを除いて、使用される濾過膜はオゾン耐性を有する素材により構成されるのが好ましい。さらに、4)の場合においても、オゾン含有水の接触が完全にないようにするには、オゾン含有水が濾過膜へ逆流しても問題ないように、中間にオゾンを吸着あるいは、酸素にするような処理層を設けるのが好ましく、システムの簡略化という意味では、オゾン耐性を有する濾過膜の適用が好ましい。
【0019】
本発明における濾過膜とは、濁質成分を除去可能な濾過膜、例えば、精密濾過膜、限外濾過膜であれば、特に限定されないが、上記のように、オゾン耐性を有する素材により製膜されたものが好ましい。具体的に例を挙げると、セラミック、焼結金属、四フッ化エチレン重合体樹脂、パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル重合体樹脂、フッ化ビニリデン重合体樹脂等による、膜孔径1μm以下、望ましくは、孔径0.01〜0.45μmの精密濾過膜、或いは、分画分子量1000〜20万ダルトンの限外濾過膜を、中空糸状、スパイラル状、チューブラー状、平膜状に製膜し、濾過膜モジュールに組み立てた後、使用する。
【0020】
本発明で使用される触媒は、原水中に注入されるオゾンによる、有機物の酸化・分解反応を促進するものであれば特に規定されないが、例を挙げると、特開平2−174934、4−256495、5−220489、6−114387号公報に記載のチタン、シリコン、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、タングステン、鉄、亜鉛、スズ、マグネシウム、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト、カルシウム、セリウム、ストロンチウム、イリジウム、インジウム、ルテニウム、バリウム、ロジウム、銅、銀等の酸化物、ハロゲン化物、及び硫化物、白金、パラジウム及び又はその酸化物、及び金を単独、化合物、及び/又は、混合物として使用する事が可能である。
【0021】
本発明で使用される、上記、触媒は、粉体でも良いが、ペレット状、パイプ状、薄板状、さらにはハニカム状に成形されることにより、より簡便に使用する事が可能となる。さらに、上記、反応促進触媒中への通水時に太陽光、紫外線を照射する事により、反応の効率がさらに、向上する場合もある。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例により、本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
【0023】
[実施例1]
特開平3−215535号公報に開示されている方法により作成した、外径2.0mm、内径1.1mm、気孔率66%、電子顕微鏡写真により計算される外表面、内表面及び膜断面の平均孔径から、外表面の平均孔径と膜断面の平均孔径の比が1.75、内表面の平均孔径と膜断面の平均孔径の比は0.85であり、また、エアフロー法による平均孔径は0.25μm、バブルポイント法による最大孔径は0.35μmであり、最大孔径と平均孔径の比は1.4であり、透水量が2400リットル/m2・時・100KPa(25℃)であり、破断強度15MPa、破断伸度280%であるフッ化ビニリデン重合体樹脂中空糸精密濾過膜を用意した。
【0024】
上記膜を長さ300mmとし、その5本の中空糸膜の両側端部をステンレス鋼製のパイプが10本溶接固定されたエンドプレートに、図7のようにU字型になるように差し込み、固定した。これを、図1に示すような、原水タンク、加圧ポンプ、濾過タンク、酸化反応促進触媒を充填した充填塔、製品水タンクによって構成される、評価装置の濾過タンク内に取り付けた。また、充填塔の中にはチタン−ジルコニウム酸化物/白金のペレット状触媒を充填した。供給原水としては、下水の二次処理水を用いた。
【0025】
原水タンクに上記、原水を供給し、10mgO3/リットルの濃度になるように、加圧ポンプ−濾過膜を含む濾過タンク間の配管途中からオゾンガスを注入した。供給されたオゾンガスが混入された原水は、精密濾過膜により、全量、濾過され、さらに、濾過された濾過水を充填塔に供給し、製品水タンクへ保持した。
【0026】
次に、試料水として、(a)原水、(b)精密濾過膜への供給水、(c)充填塔への供給水、(d)製品水タンク中の水、について採取し、それぞれの試料水の溶存オゾン濃度、色度、濁度、生菌数を測定した。ここで、溶存オゾン濃度、色度、濁度、及び生菌数は、浄水試験方法(厚生省生活衛生局水道環境部監修、日本水道協会発行)に記載の測定法により測定した。結果を表1に記す。
【0027】
[参考例1]
評価装置のフローを図2のようにした以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で各部位の試料水を採取した。各試料水の、溶存オゾン濃度、色度、濁度、生菌数を実施例1と同様に測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0028】
[参考例2]
評価装置のフローを図3のようにした以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で各部位の試料水を採取した。各試料水の、溶存オゾン濃度、色度、濁度、生菌数を実施例1と同様に測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0029】
[参考例3]
評価装置のフローを図4のようにし、原水タンク−加圧ポンプ間、濾過タンク濾水側−充填塔間それぞれに5mgO3/リットルとなるよう、オゾンガスを注入した。実施例1と同様の条件で各部位の試料水を採取した。各試料水の、溶存オゾン濃度、色度、濁度、生菌数を実施例1と同様に測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0030】
[実施例2]
評価装置のフローを図5のようにし、加圧ポンプ−充填塔間、充填塔−濾過タンク入り側間、それぞれに5mgO3/リットルとなるよう、オゾンガスを注入した。実施例1と同様の条件で各部位の試料水を採取した。各試料水の、溶存オゾン濃度、色度、濁度、生菌数を実施例1と同様に測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0031】
[実施例3]
充填塔内に充填した、酸化反応促進触媒をチタン−シリコン酸化物/パラジウムに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で、各部位の試料水を採取した。各試料水の、溶存オゾン濃度、色度、濁度、生菌数を実施例1と同様に測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0032】
[実施例4]
充填塔内に充填した、酸化反応促進触媒を鉄−銅酸化物に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で、各部位の試料水を採取した。各試料水の、溶存オゾン濃度、色度、濁度、生菌数を実施例1と同様に測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0033】
[参考例4]
実施例1で用いたのと同じフッ化ビニリデン重合体樹脂中空糸精密濾過膜、特開平7−265671号公報に開示されている耐オゾン性に優れたシリコーンゴム(硬化前のベースポリマーの重量平均分子量:2万〜6万、硬化後のJISK6301の測定方法によるJIS−A硬度:45)、及び硬質ポリ塩化ビニル製のモジュールケースにより構成される、特開平7−265671号公報の図1に示す構造を有する精密濾過膜モジュールを作成した。
【0034】
次に、上記膜モジュールを図6のフローに示すような、原水タンク、加圧ポンプ、充填塔、濾水タンクから構成される評価装置の、加圧ポンプの後段に設置した。供給する原水は濁度2〜10の河川水を使用し、また、充填塔には、鉄−銅酸化物の短パイプ状の触媒を充填した。オゾンガスは、加圧ポンプ−膜モジュール間、及び、 膜モジュール−充填塔間の2ヶ所の配管から注入した。なお、 では、オゾン濃度が3mgO3/リットル、 では、オゾン濃度が5mgO3/リットルとなるようにオゾン含有空気をエアレーションにより注入した。
【0035】
さらに、濾過運転10分毎に、15秒の逆洗を行った。ここで、(a)原水、(b)精密濾過膜への供給水、(c)充填塔への供給水、(d)充填塔出側の濾水タンク中の水について、50時間毎に計3回採水し、それぞれの試料水の溶存オゾン濃度、色度、濁度、生菌数を実施例1と同様に測定した。その結果を表3に示す。
【0036】
また、本評価中に膜モジュールの採水能力が変化したが、それを圧力一定とした時の透水能力を評価開始時を100として、図8に示す。
【0037】
【表1】
【0038】
【表2】
【0039】
【表3】
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、水中の有機物及び、濁質成分の除去を高度に行う事が可能となり、上水道、下水道、工業用水・工程水の精製及びリサイクル、超純水製造の前処理に適用できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1、3、4に使用したフローの図である。
【図2】参考例1に使用したフローの図である。
【図3】参考例2に使用したフローの図である。
【図4】参考例3に使用したフローの図である。
【図5】実施例2に使用したフローの図である。
【図6】参考例4に使用したフローの図である。
【図7】実施例1〜4、参考例1〜3に使用した、簡易濾過膜カートリッジの図である。
【図8】参考例4に使用した膜モジュールの透水能力保持率の経時変化の図である。
【符号の説明】
1 原水タンク
2 加圧ポンプ
3 濾過膜を含む濾過タンク
4 オゾンガス発生装置
5 オゾン酸化反応促進触媒を充填した、充填塔
6 製品水タンク
7 濾過膜モジュール
8 ドレインノズル
(a) 原水の採水口
(b) 濾過膜への供給水の採水口
(c) 触媒充填塔への供給水の採水口
(d) 製品水の採取口[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water purification method used for pretreatment of waterworks, sewerage, industrial water and process water, purification, recycling, and ultrapure water production.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For the purification of water, purification is performed by coagulation sedimentation, sand filtration, purification by chlorine injection, treatment by changing the chlorine injection of the above treatment to ozone, turbidity of suspended substances by a membrane, etc. . In some cases, a catalyst is added for the purpose of promoting the reaction of the ozone oxidation reaction.
[0003]
Further, a water purification treatment combining a membrane and ozone oxidation is introduced in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-265671. However, the purification process has the following drawbacks.
(1) Coagulation sedimentation, sand filtration, and chlorine injection are inferior in product water quality such as off-flavor and THM generation. Furthermore, changes in turbidity are easily affected by raw water quality. It is difficult to say that this is an excellent method.
[0004]
(2) Water treatment methods that use membranes such as ultrafiltration membranes and microfiltration membranes to remove turbid components are being applied to relatively small water purification plants (simple waterworks). The amount of water collected is small, and it is inferior in economic efficiency compared to the above-described water purification treatment by coagulation sedimentation, sand filtration, and chlorine injection, and the water quality itself is superior to the treated water quality of (1), but it is sufficiently satisfactory. It's hard to say.
[0005]
(3) THM generation by coagulation sedimentation / sand filtration / chlorine injection and so-called advanced treatment in which organic matter decomposition by chlorine injection is performed by ozone oxidation without THM generation, which is part of the cause of the generation of off-flavors. Has been applied to multiple large-scale water purification plants, but removal of suspended components still relies on coagulation sedimentation and sand filtration, which is not an excellent method in terms of removing turbidity. There are also low molecular weight organic compounds that have been decomposed by ozone treatment. In order to remove this low molecular weight organic substance, it is necessary to add an activated carbon treatment process in the latter stage. In the activated carbon treatment process, it is necessary to periodically update the activated carbon, which increases the running cost. In addition, it is possible to remove low molecular weight organic compounds over a long period of time by the so-called microbial activated carbon treatment method, in which microorganisms live on the activated carbon surface and decompose low molecular organic substances by microorganisms. Since there is an uncertain point about the fact, and because it is the management (processing) of the fact, it is difficult to say that it is a completed processing technology.
[0006]
(4) Furthermore, in order to improve the decomposition efficiency of the organic matter in the ozone treatment, a method for further promoting the decomposition of the organic matter by performing the ozone treatment in the presence of a catalyst that promotes the ozone oxidation reaction is disclosed in JP-A-2- No. 174934, 4-256495, and 5-220489. However, the catalyst surface is covered with organic matter and other turbid components, so that the effect of the catalyst is impaired and long-term use is impossible.
[0007]
(5) In addition, a water treatment technique for removing turbid components while preventing fouling derived from organic substances on the surface of the membrane by performing ozone oxidation treatment and removal of turbid components by the membrane is disclosed in JP-A-7-265671. In order to remove the decomposed low molecular weight organic substances as in (3) above, it is necessary to add an activated carbon treatment step to the subsequent stage.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing high-quality water by a simpler system, eliminating the drawbacks existing in each of the water treatment methods.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is as follows.
1) A water purification method using ozone oxidation, which is a water purification method that combines turbidity by membrane filtration and ozone oxidation reaction acceleration by a catalyst ,
A method for purifying water, comprising mixing ozone gas into water to be treated, then removing turbidity by membrane filtration, and passing the filtered water through a catalyst that promotes an ozone oxidation reaction .
[0010]
[0011]
2 ) A water purification method using ozone oxidation, which is a water purification method that combines turbidity by membrane filtration and promotion of ozone oxidation reaction by a catalyst,
After mixing ozone gas into the water to be treated, and passed through the catalyst which promotes the ozone oxidation, the treated water in addition, the incorporation of ozone gas, by membrane filtration, you characterized in that performing the clarification of water Purification method.
3) The method for purifying water as described in 1) or 2) above, wherein the membrane used for membrane filtration is formed from a material having ozone resistance.
[0012]
A method for purifying water constituted by the flow according to any one of 1) to 6) above. Here, the flows 2) to 6) will be described in more detail below. The flow of 2) is a flow suitable for water quality with a lot of turbid components and organic matter. First, by injecting ozone gas, high molecular organic compounds such as humic acid and fulvic acid are converted into low molecules. In addition to degradation, protozoa are killed, bacteria are killed, and viruses are inactivated. Adhesive substances (macromolecular organic compounds, protozoa / bacteria) that have covered the surface of turbid components and / or aggregated turbid components due to low molecular weight of organic substances, protozoan death, and sterilization of bacteria As a result, the fouling on the surface of the filtration membrane is minimal and filtered water can be collected at a high level.
[0013]
Next, by passing the filtered water, in which ozone is dissolved, through a catalyst that promotes the ozone oxidation reaction, the organic compound reduced in molecular weight is further decomposed into low molecular weight organic substances, resulting in higher quality. Water is obtained. Here, since the water from which the turbid components have been removed is passed through the catalyst by the filtration membrane, the activity of the catalyst is maintained over a long period of time without contamination of the surface of the catalyst.
[0014]
The flow 3) is suitable for raw water quality with relatively few turbid components and a large amount of organic matter. First, by injecting ozone gas, a high molecular organic compound such as humic acid or fulvic acid is used. Is decomposed into small molecules, and protozoa are killed, bacteria are sterilized, and viruses are inactivated. Furthermore, by passing water through a catalyst that promotes the ozone oxidation reaction, the oxidative decomposition reaction of the organic matter is promoted, resulting in water containing only an extremely low molecular weight organic compound and a turbid component. The turbid component is removed by passing this water through the filtration membrane.
[0015]
The flow of 4) is suitable for the raw water quality with a low content of turbid components and organic substances. By removing the turbid components with a filter membrane and injecting ozone gas into the filtered water. Decompose organic matter in filtered water from high molecular weight compounds to low molecular weight compounds. Further, by passing water through a catalyst that promotes the ozone oxidation reaction, the reduced molecular weight organic substance is converted to a lower molecular weight organic compound.
[0016]
The flow 5) is suitable for raw water quality with many turbid components and a lot of organic matter. First, by injecting ozone gas, the organic organic compounds such as humic acid and fulvic acid are used. Is decomposed into small molecules, and protozoa are killed, bacteria are sterilized, and viruses are inactivated. Adhesive substances (polymer organic compounds, protozoa, protozoa, etc.) that have covered the surface of turbid components and / or aggregated turbid components due to the low molecular weight of organic substances, protozoan death, and sterilization of bacteria By removing the bacterial metabolite, fouling on the surface of the filtration membrane is minimal, and filtered water can be collected at a high level. Furthermore, by injecting ozone gas, the dissolved ozone consumed for sterilization, decomposition, etc. is replenished, and by passing water through a catalyst that promotes ozone oxidation, trace amounts of organic compounds remaining without being decomposed can be obtained. It oxidizes and decomposes to organic acids, polyhydric alcohols and / or peroxides thereof, and carbon dioxide.
[0017]
The flow 6) is suitable for the quality of raw water when there are few turbid components and there are very many organic substances. First, by injecting ozone gas, high molecular organic compounds such as humic acid and fulvic acid are added. In addition to breaking down into small molecules, protozoa are killed, bacteria are killed, and viruses are inactivated. At this time, the effect of ozone oxidation is enhanced by passing water through a catalyst that promotes ozone oxidation. After that, by injecting ozone gas further, the supply water component supplied to the filtration membrane becomes only turbid components, and by supplying it to the filtration membrane, fouling of the filtration membrane surface can be prevented and a high level It is possible to collect filtered water at
[0018]
Here, except for the flow of 4), it is preferable that the filtration membrane used is composed of a material having ozone resistance. Further, in the case of 4), in order to prevent the ozone-containing water from contacting completely, ozone is adsorbed or oxygenated in the middle so that there is no problem even if the ozone-containing water flows backward to the filter membrane. It is preferable to provide such a treatment layer, and in the sense of simplifying the system, application of a filtration membrane having ozone resistance is preferable.
[0019]
The filtration membrane in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a filtration membrane capable of removing turbid components, for example, a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane, but as described above, it is formed from a material having ozone resistance. The ones made are preferred. Specific examples include a membrane pore size of 1 μm or less, preferably 0.1 μm or less based on ceramic, sintered metal, tetrafluoroethylene polymer resin, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether polymer resin, vinylidene fluoride polymer resin, or the like. A microfiltration membrane of 01 to 0.45 μm or an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 1000 to 200,000 daltons is formed into a hollow fiber shape, spiral shape, tubular shape, flat membrane shape, and assembled into a filtration membrane module. After use.
[0020]
The catalyst used in the present invention is not particularly defined as long as it promotes the oxidation / decomposition reaction of organic substances by ozone injected into the raw water, but for example, JP-A-2-174934 and 4-256495. No. 5-220489, 6-114387, titanium, silicon, aluminum, zirconium, tungsten, iron, zinc, tin, magnesium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, calcium, cerium, strontium, iridium, indium, ruthenium, barium , Oxides such as rhodium, copper, silver, halides, sulfides, platinum, palladium and / or oxides thereof, and gold can be used alone, as a compound, and / or as a mixture.
[0021]
The catalyst used in the present invention may be a powder, but can be used more easily by forming into a pellet, pipe, thin plate, or honeycomb. Furthermore, the reaction efficiency may be further improved by irradiating with sunlight or ultraviolet rays when water is passed through the reaction promoting catalyst.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples.
[0023]
[Example 1]
Created by the method disclosed in JP-A-3-215535, outer diameter 2.0 mm, inner diameter 1.1 mm, porosity 66%, average of outer surface, inner surface and membrane cross section calculated by electron micrograph From the pore diameter, the ratio of the average pore diameter of the outer surface to the average pore diameter of the membrane cross section is 1.75, the ratio of the average pore diameter of the inner surface to the average pore diameter of the membrane cross section is 0.85, and the average pore diameter by the air flow method is 0 .25 μm, the maximum pore size by the bubble point method is 0.35 μm, the ratio of the maximum pore size to the average pore size is 1.4, the water permeability is 2400 liters /
[0024]
The length of the membrane is 300 mm, and both end portions of the five hollow fiber membranes are inserted into end plates to which ten stainless steel pipes are welded and fixed so as to be U-shaped as shown in FIG. Fixed. This was installed in a filtration tank of an evaluation apparatus constituted by a raw water tank, a pressure pump, a filtration tank, a packed tower filled with an oxidation reaction promoting catalyst, and a product water tank as shown in FIG. The packed tower was packed with a titanium-zirconium oxide / platinum pellet catalyst. Sewage secondary treated water was used as the feed water.
[0025]
The raw water was supplied to the raw water tank, and ozone gas was injected from the middle of the piping between the pressure tank and the filtration tank including the filtration membrane so that the concentration was 10 mgO 3 / liter. The raw water mixed with the supplied ozone gas was filtered through the microfiltration membrane, and the filtered water was further supplied to the packed tower and held in the product water tank.
[0026]
Next, as sample water, (a) raw water, (b) supply water to the microfiltration membrane, (c) supply water to the packed tower, (d) water in the product water tank are collected, and each sample is collected. The dissolved ozone concentration, chromaticity, turbidity, and viable cell count of water were measured. Here, the dissolved ozone concentration, chromaticity, turbidity, and the number of viable bacteria were measured by the measuring methods described in the water purification test method (supervised by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Health Sanitation Bureau, Water Environment Department, issued by Japan Water Works Association). The results are shown in Table 1.
[0027]
[ Reference Example 1 ]
Sample water at each site was collected under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the flow of the evaluation apparatus was as shown in FIG. The dissolved ozone concentration, chromaticity, turbidity, and viable cell count of each sample water were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0028]
[ Reference Example 2 ]
Sample water at each part was collected under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the flow of the evaluation apparatus was as shown in FIG. The dissolved ozone concentration, chromaticity, turbidity, and viable cell count of each sample water were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0029]
[ Reference Example 3 ]
The flow of the evaluation apparatus was as shown in FIG. 4, and ozone gas was injected between the raw water tank and the pressurized pump and between the filtration tank filtrate side and the packed tower so as to be 5 mgO 3 / liter. Sample water of each part was collected under the same conditions as in Example 1. The dissolved ozone concentration, chromaticity, turbidity, and viable cell count of each sample water were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0030]
[ Example 2 ]
The flow of the evaluation apparatus was as shown in FIG. 5, and ozone gas was injected between the pressure pump and the packed tower and between the packed tower and the filtration tank entrance side so as to be 5 mgO 3 / liter. Sample water of each part was collected under the same conditions as in Example 1. The dissolved ozone concentration, chromaticity, turbidity, and viable cell count of each sample water were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
[ Example 3 ]
Sample water of each part was collected under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the oxidation reaction promoting catalyst packed in the packed tower was changed to titanium-silicon oxide / palladium. The dissolved ozone concentration, chromaticity, turbidity, and viable cell count of each sample water were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0032]
[ Example 4 ]
Sample water of each part was collected under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the oxidation reaction promoting catalyst packed in the packed tower was changed to iron-copper oxide. The dissolved ozone concentration, chromaticity, turbidity, and viable cell count of each sample water were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0033]
[ Reference Example 4 ]
The same vinylidene fluoride polymer resin hollow fiber microfiltration membrane as used in Example 1, a silicone rubber excellent in ozone resistance disclosed in JP-A-7-265671 (weight average of base polymer before curing) As shown in FIG. 1 of JP-A-7-265671, which comprises a molecular weight of 20,000 to 60,000, a JIS-A hardness after measurement of JISK6301 measurement method: 45), and a module case made of hard polyvinyl chloride. A microfiltration membrane module having a structure was prepared.
[0034]
Next, the membrane module was installed after the pressurization pump of the evaluation apparatus composed of the raw water tank, the pressurization pump, the packed tower, and the filtrate tank as shown in the flow of FIG. The raw water to be supplied was river water having a turbidity of 2 to 10, and the packed tower was packed with a short pipe catalyst of iron-copper oxide. Ozone gas was injected from two pipes between the pressure pump and the membrane module and between the membrane module and the packed tower. In addition, ozone-containing air was injected by aeration so that the ozone concentration was 3 mgO 3 / liter, and the ozone concentration was 5 mgO 3 / liter.
[0035]
Further, backwashing was performed for 15 seconds every 10 minutes of filtration operation. Here, (a) raw water, (b) feed water to the microfiltration membrane, (c) feed water to the packed tower, and (d) water in the filtrate tank on the exit side of the packed tower are measured every 50 hours. Water was collected three times, and the dissolved ozone concentration, chromaticity, turbidity, and viable cell count of each sample water were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0036]
Moreover, although the water collection capability of the membrane module changed during this evaluation, the water permeability when the pressure is constant is shown in FIG.
[0037]
[Table 1]
[0038]
[Table 2]
[0039]
[Table 3]
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention makes it possible to highly remove organic substances and turbid components in water, and can be applied to purification and recycling of waterworks, sewage, industrial water and process water, and pretreatment of ultrapure water production.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow chart used in Examples 1, 3 , and 4. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart used in Reference Example 1 .
FIG. 3 is a flow chart used in Reference Example 2 ;
4 is a flow chart used in Reference Example 3. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart used in Example 2 ;
6 is a flow chart used in Reference Example 4. FIG.
7 is a diagram of a simple filtration membrane cartridge used in Examples 1 to 4 and Reference Examples 1 to 3. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a change with time of the water permeability retention rate of the membrane module used in Reference Example 4 ;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1
Claims (3)
被処理水にオゾンガスを混入させた後、膜濾過による除濁を行ない、その濾過水を、オゾン酸化反応を促進する触媒へ通水する事を特徴とする水の浄化方法。In a water purification method using ozone oxidation, a water purification method that combines turbidity by membrane filtration and promotion of ozone oxidation reaction by a catalyst ,
A method for purifying water, comprising mixing ozone gas into water to be treated, then removing turbidity by membrane filtration, and passing the filtered water through a catalyst that promotes an ozone oxidation reaction .
被処理水にオゾンガスを混入させた後、オゾン酸化反応を促進する触媒へ通水し、その処理水にさらに、オゾンガスを混入すると共に、膜濾過により、除濁を行う事を特徴とする水の浄化方法。 In a water purification method using ozone oxidation, a water purification method that combines turbidity by membrane filtration and promotion of ozone oxidation reaction by a catalyst,
After mixing ozone gas into the water to be treated, and passed through the catalyst which promotes the ozone oxidation, the treated water in addition, the incorporation of ozone gas, by membrane filtration, you characterized in that performing the clarification of water Purification method.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP26717396A JP3912828B2 (en) | 1996-10-08 | 1996-10-08 | Water purification method |
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| JP26717396A JP3912828B2 (en) | 1996-10-08 | 1996-10-08 | Water purification method |
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| JP3912828B2 true JP3912828B2 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
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| US6129849A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-10-10 | Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. | Process for accelerating reaction of ozone with AM catalyst |
| CN106007060A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏新纪元环保有限公司 | Original ecological water treatment process and its treatment system |
| CN109553250A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-02 | 山东昌邑石化有限公司 | Treated sewage reusing processing system and its application |
| CN114105346A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | PVC mother liquor recycling treatment device and process |
| CN112408579B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-05-02 | 江苏治水有数环保科技有限公司 | Membrane module for ozone catalytic oxidation wastewater treatment and preparation method thereof |
| CN112456632B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-10-31 | 江苏治水有数环保科技有限公司 | Ozone catalytic oxidation wastewater treatment device and treatment method |
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