JP3921671B2 - Improvement of the hydroponic cultivation method - Google Patents
Improvement of the hydroponic cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- JP3921671B2 JP3921671B2 JP2004101711A JP2004101711A JP3921671B2 JP 3921671 B2 JP3921671 B2 JP 3921671B2 JP 2004101711 A JP2004101711 A JP 2004101711A JP 2004101711 A JP2004101711 A JP 2004101711A JP 3921671 B2 JP3921671 B2 JP 3921671B2
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 49
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 43
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron;iron(2+) Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960000355 copper sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004177 elastic tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037039 plant physiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Description
本願発明は、露地水耕栽培方法において、露地栽培なるが故に植物が被る夏期の熱暑被害及び酸性雨被害を防止するための改良に関する。 The present invention, in open field water culture method relates to an improvement for preventing the thermal heat the Gai及 beauty acid rain damage summer becomes open culture thus suffer plants.
従来、露地水耕栽培において、夏期に長時間の熱暑により、植物の光合成が十分に行われなくなるため、葉、茎等がしおれ、生長が著しく遅れる被害を被ることとなり、その被害対策として、寒冷紗等の熱遮へいスクリーンを栽培槽の上に張設する方法を採っているが、強風時に遮へいスクリーンに損傷を受け、特に台風時には遮へいスクリーンは吹き飛ばされ、スクリーン支持枠は倒壊する欠点があった。 Conventionally, in outdoor hydroponic cultivation, the photosynthesis of plants is not performed sufficiently due to long heat in the summer, so the leaves, stems, etc. are wilted, and the growth is significantly delayed. A method of stretching a heat shield screen such as cold chill on the cultivation tank is used, but the shield screen is damaged during strong winds, especially when the typhoon is blown away, and the screen support frame collapses. .
さらに、酸性雨によっては、植物の葉にシミができたり、孔があいて商品価値を低下させ、遂には全体が枯死状態に至る被害があり、その対策として、防水シートを栽培槽の上に張設する手段を採っているが、降雨ごとに防水シートを装脱する煩雑な作業が必要となる難点があった。 In addition, depending on the acid rain, there may be spots on the leaves of the plants or there are holes that reduce the value of the product, eventually causing the whole to die, and as a countermeasure, a waterproof sheet is placed on the cultivation tank. Although a means for stretching is adopted, there is a problem that a complicated work of attaching / detaching the waterproof sheet is required every rain.
本願第１発明は、露地水耕栽培において、夏期の熱暑被害から植物を有効に保護することを課題とし、
本願第２発明は、酸性雨の被害から植物を有効に保護することを課題とする。
1st invention of this application makes it a subject to protect a plant effectively from the heat-and-heat damage of a summer in outdoor hydroponics,
It is an object of the second invention of the present application to effectively protect plants from damage caused by acid rain.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明者は、第１、第２の各発明に共通する基本的手段として、植物を栽培槽内の培養液中に浸漬することに着想したのである。 In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor has conceived of immersing a plant in a culture solution in a cultivation tank as a basic means common to the first and second inventions.
そこで、まず植物を培養液中に浸漬した場合の植物の安全性について検討する。
一般に、植物を水溶液中に浸漬したとき、植物生理学上は、浸漬中植物の細胞が生き続けていさえすれば、浸漬後水溶液から取り出した植物は何の後遺症も残さず健全に成長する。その場合浸漬中の植物細胞の生死を左右するものは、植物の細胞液と水溶液との間の浸透圧の高低、換言すれば浸透圧を決める濃度の高低であることが知られている。そこで、両者を対比して検討してみる。なお、植物の細胞液の浸透圧は、植物の種類によって異なるが、常温で５〜１０atm、濃度は０．２〜０．８Ｍ（モル濃度）である。
Therefore, first, the safety of the plant when the plant is immersed in the culture solution is examined.
In general, when a plant is immersed in an aqueous solution, in terms of plant physiology, as long as the cells of the plant remain alive during the immersion, the plant taken out from the aqueous solution after the immersion grows healthy without leaving any sequelae. In this case, it is known that what determines the viability of plant cells during immersion is the level of the osmotic pressure between the plant cell solution and the aqueous solution, in other words, the level of the concentration that determines the osmotic pressure. Therefore, we will consider both of them. In addition, although the osmotic pressure of the cell fluid of a plant changes with kinds of plant, it is 5-10 atm and the density | concentration are 0.2-0.8M (molar concentration) at normal temperature.
（１）植物を該植物細胞液と等濃度の水溶液に浸漬した場合。
植物細胞への水の出入りはなく、細胞は形を維持したまま生存し続ける。
(1) When a plant is immersed in an aqueous solution having the same concentration as the plant cell solution.
There is no water in and out of plant cells, and the cells continue to survive while maintaining their shape.
（２）植物を該細胞液より低濃度の水溶液に浸漬した場合。
細胞は半透性の細胞膜を通して外側の水溶液から水を吸収して原形質を膨らませていく。ところで、植物細胞は、上記細胞膜の外側に全透性の弾性組織からなる細胞壁を有するため、上記の膨らんだ原形質が上記細胞壁に押し広げようとする膨圧を及ぼし、その反作用として細胞壁から元に戻ろうとする壁圧を原形質に受ける。細胞が膨らむにつれ細胞内の濃度は低下し、その浸透圧は減って行くと共に、上記膨圧が高まっていき、それと大きさの等しい壁圧が細胞内の浸透圧と等しくなったとき細胞の外側からの吸水を自動的に停止し、そして膨らんだ緊張状態で生存し続ける。
(2) When a plant is immersed in an aqueous solution having a lower concentration than the cell solution.
The cells absorb water from the outer aqueous solution through the semipermeable cell membrane and expand the protoplasm. By the way, since the plant cell has a cell wall made of a completely permeable elastic tissue outside the cell membrane, the bulging protoplasm exerts a bulging pressure that tries to push the cell wall and expands the cell wall as a reaction. It receives the wall pressure to return to the protoplasm. As the cell swells, its concentration in the cell decreases, its osmotic pressure decreases, and the swell pressure increases, and when the wall pressure equal to that is equal to the osmotic pressure in the cell, the outside of the cell Automatically stops water absorption from and continues to survive in a bulging tension.
（３）植物を濃度零の水溶液（すなわち水）に浸漬した場合。
上記（２）と同様である。
(3) When a plant is immersed in a zero concentration aqueous solution (that is, water).
Same as (2) above.
（４）植物を該細胞液より高濃度の水溶液に浸漬した場合。
細胞内の水が外へ浸出して原形質が収縮していき、遂には原形質分離を起す。ここで、原形質分離を起した細胞は、水溶液の濃度が植物細胞液よりわずか高い程度であれば、再び水に浸すと原形質復帰を行うが、水溶液の濃度がそれよりも高いときは、多くの植物は原形質復帰が不可能となって死滅する。
この場合、原形質復帰を可能にする水溶液の濃度は、実験によれば、植物の種類によって異なるが、植物細胞液の濃度より約０．１〜０．３Ｍ高い濃度までである。
(4) When a plant is immersed in an aqueous solution having a higher concentration than the cell solution.
Intracellular water leaches out and the protoplasm contracts, eventually causing protoplasm separation. Here, if the concentration of the aqueous solution is slightly higher than the plant cell fluid, the cells that have undergone protoplast separation will return to the protoplasm when immersed in water again, but when the concentration of the aqueous solution is higher than that, Many plants die because protoplasmic reversion is impossible.
In this case, the concentration of the aqueous solution that enables protoplast reversion varies depending on the type of plant according to the experiment, but is about 0.1 to 0.3 M higher than the concentration of the plant cell fluid.
上記検討をふまえて、上記課題を解決するための手段として、本願第１発明は、
栽培槽内に入れた培養液上に、植物を植えた定植パネルを支持すると共に、上記植物の根を上記培養液に浸した植物水耕栽培において、
上記培養液の液温を約１５゜Ｃ〜２５゜Ｃに冷却すると共に、該培養液の濃度を、植物の細胞液の濃度よりやや高い濃度から濃度零に近い濃度の間に調整し、
夏期熱暑時に、上記植物を上記培養液中に短時間浸漬して冷却し、ついで植物を培養液から引き上げて植物に付着した水分の気化熱により冷却し、この短時間浸漬冷却と引き上げ冷却を所要回数繰返す、
露地水耕栽培における熱暑被害防止方法を提案し、
As a means for solving the above problems based on the above examination, the first invention of the present application is:
In the plant hydroponics where the roots of the plant are immersed in the culture solution while supporting the fixed planting panel in which the plant is planted on the culture solution put in the cultivation tank,
The temperature of the culture solution is cooled to about 15 ° C. to 25 ° C., and the concentration of the culture solution is adjusted between a concentration slightly higher than the concentration of the plant cell solution and a concentration close to zero.
During the summer heat, the plant is immersed in the culture solution for a short time to cool, then the plant is pulled up from the culture solution and cooled by the heat of vaporization of water adhering to the plant. Repeat as many times as necessary,
Proposes heat damage prevention methods in outdoor hydroponics,
本願第２発明は、
栽培槽内に入れた培養液上に、植物を植えた定植パネルを支持すると共に植物の根を上記培養液に浸した植物水耕栽培において、
上記培養液の濃度を、植物の細胞液の濃度よりやや高い濃度から濃度零に近い濃度の間に調整し、
酸性雨時に、上記植物を上記培養液中に所要時間浸漬して植物に付着した酸性雨を洗い流し、この所要時間浸漬洗浄を、酸性雨継続の間、短時間間隔をあけて繰返し、
雨後、上記培養液のＰＨを正常に調整する、
露地水耕栽培における酸性雨被害防止方法を提案する。
The second invention of the present application is
To put the cultivation tank culture on the roots of the plants in co-when supporting the planting panel planted plants in plant water culture immersed in the culture medium,
Adjust the concentration of the above culture solution between a concentration slightly higher than the concentration of plant cell fluid and a concentration close to zero,
During acid rain, the plant is immersed in the culture solution for a required time to wash away the acid rain adhering to the plant, and this required time immersion washing is repeated at short intervals during the duration of the acid rain,
After raining, the pH of the culture solution is adjusted normally.
We propose a method for preventing acid rain damage in hydroponics in open ground.
本願第１発明によれば、真夏の熱暑中に植物を約１５゜Ｃ〜２５゜Ｃの培養液中に浸漬して冷却し、ついで引き上げて気化熱により冷却し、これを繰返すことにより植物を冷涼に保ち、それにより熱暑による被害を防止し、健全な生長を維持することができると共に、夏場にホウレンソウ、レタス等の冬野菜の栽培をも可能にするのである。 According to the first invention of the present application, a plant is immersed in a medium of about 15 ° C. to 25 ° C. in midsummer heat and cooled, then pulled up and cooled by heat of vaporization. It keeps cool, thereby preventing damage from hot heat and maintaining healthy growth, as well as making it possible to grow winter vegetables such as spinach and lettuce in the summer.
本願第２発明によれば、酸性雨時に植物を培養液中に浸漬して植物に付着した酸性雨を洗い流すことを繰返すことにより、酸性雨被害を防止することができるのである。 According to the second invention of the present application, acid rain damage can be prevented by repeatedly washing the acid rain adhering to the plant by immersing the plant in the culture solution during acid rain.
本願第１発明において、上記「短時間浸漬」は、培養液の濃度を植物細胞液濃度より０．１〜０．３Ｍ高い濃度に調整したときは、原形質復帰が可能であっても、植物の安全のため、浸漬時間を３〜５分、間隔を１０〜１５分とするのが望ましい。しかし培養液の濃度を植物細胞液の濃度以下に調整したときは、浸漬時間を１０〜２０分と自由に選択できる。
又、培養液の低温調整には、栽培槽内に冷却パイプを配管し、該パイプに地下水、冷却機からの冷却水等を通して冷却を行う方法が好ましい。
In the first invention of the present application, the “short-time immersion” means that when the concentration of the culture solution is adjusted to 0.1 to 0.3 M higher than the plant cell solution concentration, For safety, it is desirable that the immersion time is 3 to 5 minutes and the interval is 10 to 15 minutes. However, when the concentration of the culture solution is adjusted to be lower than the concentration of the plant cell solution, the immersion time can be freely selected as 10 to 20 minutes.
In addition, for the low-temperature adjustment of the culture solution, a method is preferred in which a cooling pipe is provided in the cultivation tank, and cooling is performed through the pipe through ground water, cooling water from a cooling machine, or the like.
本願第２発明において、上記浸漬後次の浸漬までの間の「短時間間隔」とは、酸性雨の酸性度が強い場合は、植物が被害を受けないよう極く短時間間隔約１〜５分であり、酸性度が弱い場合は約５〜１０分が好ましい。
又、降った雨が常に酸性雨とは限らないので、まず降雨があったときは、ＰＨメーター、リトマス試験紙等により雨の酸性度を検知し、ＰＨ５．０以下のとき直ちに浸漬を開始するとよい。
雨後の「培養液のＰＨ調整」は、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム等のＰＨ調整剤を添加して植物の栽培に好ましいＰＨ５．５〜６．５（正常値）に調整する。
In the second invention of the present application, the “short-time interval” between the immersion and the next immersion is a short-time interval of about 1 to 5 so that the plant is not damaged when the acidity of acid rain is strong. If the acidity is weak, about 5 to 10 minutes is preferable.
Also, since the rain that has fallen is not always acid rain, it is better to detect the acidity of the rain with a PH meter, litmus paper, etc., and to start dipping immediately when the pH is 5.0 or less.
The “pH adjustment of the culture solution” after the rain is adjusted to a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 (normal value) preferable for plant cultivation by adding a pH adjusting agent such as sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
（第１発明の実施例１）
定植パネルにコマツナが植えてあり、その細胞液の濃度は０．３Ｍである。
培養液に含まれる肥料の基本組成及びその濃度は、硝酸カルシウム１．７７ｍＭ（ミリモル）、硝酸カリ２．３７ｍＭ、硫酸マグネシウム１．２５ｍＭ、リン酸二水素アンモニウム０．４３５ｍＭ、合計５．８２５ｍＭ（＝０．００５８２５Ｍ）で、これにＥＤＴＡ鉄、硫酸銅、硫酸亜鉛、モリブデン酸アンモニウムを微量づつ添加し、さらに有機肥料を適量加えて培養液全体の濃度を約１１．７ｍＭ（＝０．０１１７Ｍ）とコマツナの細胞液濃度より低く調整してある。
(Example 1 of the first invention)
Komatsuna is planted on the fixed planting panel, and the concentration of the cell fluid is 0.3M.
The basic composition and concentration of the fertilizer contained in the culture solution were 1.77 mM (mmol) of calcium nitrate, 2.37 mM of potassium nitrate, 1.25 mM of magnesium sulfate, 0.435 mM of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and a total of 5.825 mM (= 0.005825M), EDTA iron, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate are added in small amounts, and an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer is added to make the concentration of the whole culture broth about 11.7 mM (= 0.117M). It is adjusted to be lower than the cell fluid concentration of Komatsuna.
栽培槽内に配管した冷却パイプに地下水を通して培養液を２３゜Ｃに冷却した。気温３６゜Ｃ。上記コマツナを植えた定植パネルを適宜手段により培養液中に約１５分間浸漬して該コマツナを２３゜Ｃに冷却し、次に、上記パネルを培養液中から引き上げて元の水耕栽培の状態に戻し、そこでコマツナに付着した水分の気化熱により約２０分間の冷却を行った。この１５分間の浸漬冷却と２０分間の気化熱冷却とを３６゜Ｃの熱暑時間中（午後２時から同４時）繰返し行った。 The culture solution was cooled to 23 ° C. through ground water through a cooling pipe provided in the cultivation tank. The temperature is 36 ° C. The planted panel in which the komatsuna is planted is immersed in the culture solution for about 15 minutes by appropriate means to cool the komatsuna to 23 ° C, and then the panel is pulled up from the culture solution to bring it back to the original hydroponics state. Then, cooling was carried out for about 20 minutes by the heat of vaporization of the water adhering to the komatsuna. This 15-minute immersion cooling and 20-minute vaporization heat cooling were repeated during a hot summer time of 36 ° C. (from 2 pm to 4 pm).
上記１５分の浸漬によりコマツナ細胞が培養液から水分を吸収して原形質を膨らませていき、細胞が膨らむにつれ細胞内の濃度及び浸透圧が低下すると共に膨圧が高まっていき、該膨圧と大きさの等しい壁圧と細胞内浸透圧が等しくなったとき、水分の吸収を停止し、その膨らんだ状態で細胞は生き続ける。培養液からの引き上げ後の２０分間に、膨らんだ細胞は徐々に正常に戻る。 By the immersion for 15 minutes, Komatsuna cells absorb water from the culture medium to expand the protoplasm, and as the cells expand, the concentration and osmotic pressure in the cells decrease and the expansion pressure increases. When the equal wall pressure and intracellular osmotic pressure become equal, the absorption of water stops and the cells continue to live in the swollen state. The expanded cells gradually return to normal within 20 minutes after being pulled out of the culture.
上記浸漬冷却と気化熱冷却の繰返しによりコマツナは熱暑被害を受けることはなかった。 Komatsuna was not affected by heat and heat due to repeated immersion cooling and vaporization heat cooling.
（第１発明の実施例２）
実施例１と同様コマツナを植え、培養液の濃度は、大量の肥料をさらに追加して０．４Ｍと、コマツナの細胞液の濃度０．３Ｍを超えるものとしたため、植物の安全を重視して浸漬時間をさらに短時間とした例である。
(Embodiment 2 of the first invention)
Komatsuna was planted in the same manner as in Example 1, and the concentration of the culture solution was further increased to 0.4M by adding a large amount of fertilizer, and the concentration of the cell solution of Komatsuna exceeded 0.3M. This is an example in which the immersion time is further shortened.
気温３６゜Ｃ、培養液２２゜Ｃ。定植パネルを培養液中に約５分浸漬して冷却し、次に上記パネルを培養液から引き上げて約２０分の気化熱冷却を行った。この５分間の浸漬冷却と２０分間の気化熱冷却を熱暑時間中繰返し行った。 Air temperature 36 ° C, culture solution 22 ° C. The planting panel was immersed in the culture solution for about 5 minutes and cooled, and then the panel was pulled up from the culture solution and cooled by evaporation for about 20 minutes. This immersion cooling for 5 minutes and vaporization heat cooling for 20 minutes were repeated during hot and hot hours.
上記短時間浸漬時に、植物細胞内の水分が外部に浸出し、原形質が収縮して遂に初期の原形質分離が起きる。しかし培養液の濃度が細胞液の濃度よりわずか（０．１Ｍ）高いだけに止め、しかし浸漬時間を５分と短縮したことにより、上記原形質分離がそれ以上に進むことはない。浸漬後元の水耕栽培に戻した２０分の間に、コマツナは根から吸収した水分により原形質分離を正常に復帰させる。 During the short-time immersion, the moisture in the plant cell is leached to the outside, the protoplasm contracts and finally the initial protoplast separation occurs. However, the concentration of the culture broth was only slightly higher (0.1 M) than the concentration of the cell broth, but the soaking time was reduced to 5 minutes, so that the protoplast separation did not proceed further. During 20 minutes after returning to the original hydroponics, Komatsuna restores protoplast separation to normal by the moisture absorbed from the roots.
上記浸漬冷却及び引き上げ冷却によりコマツナは熱暑被害を受けない。 Komatsuna is not damaged by heat due to the above immersion cooling and pull-up cooling.
（第２発明の実施例１）
定植パネルにサラダナを植え、その細胞液の濃度は０．５Ｍである。
培養液は、上記第１発明の実施例１における基本組成及びその濃度と実質的に同一の基本組成に、ＥＤＴＡ鉄、硫酸銅、硫酸亜鉛、モリブデン酸アンモニウムを微量づつ添加し、全体濃度を約１０．６ｍＭ（＝０．０１０６Ｍ）とサラダナの細胞液濃度より低くした。
(Example 1 of the second invention)
Saladana is planted on a fixed planting panel, and the concentration of the cell solution is 0.5M.
To the culture solution , EDTA iron, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate are added in small amounts to the basic composition substantially the same as the basic composition and concentration in Example 1 of the first invention, and the total concentration is about 10.6 mM (= 0.0106 M), which was lower than the cell solution concentration of Sardana.
気温２７゜Ｃ、培養液温度２０゜Ｃの下で、降雨があったときＰＨメーターにより雨のＰＨを測定したところ４．５でやや強い酸性であった。そこで、サラダナを植えた定植パネルを培養液中に１０分間浸漬し、付着した酸性雨を培養液により洗い流す。この場合植物に軽く振動を加えるとよい。ついでパネルを培養液中から引き上げ５分間の間隔をおき、以後雨のＰＨ測定を続けながら１０分間浸漬と５分間間隔とを繰返す。 When rain occurred at an air temperature of 27 ° C and a culture solution temperature of 20 ° C, the pH of the rain was measured with a PH meter. Therefore, the fixed planting plant in which Saladana is planted is immersed in the culture solution for 10 minutes, and the attached acid rain is washed away with the culture solution. In this case, it is better to lightly shake the plant. Next, the panel is pulled out of the culture solution, and an interval of 5 minutes is set. Thereafter, while the measurement of rain PH is continued, the immersion for 10 minutes and the interval of 5 minutes are repeated.
通常、酸性雨は降り出し当初に最も酸性度が高く、その後低下する傾向がある。雨のＰＨが５．０と高くなったときは、１０分間浸漬と１０分間間隔に切換える。 In general, acid rain is the most acidic at the beginning and tends to decrease thereafter. When the pH of rain becomes as high as 5.0, switch to 10 minutes immersion and 10 minutes interval.
以後１０〜２０分浸漬と５〜１０分間間隔を繰返し、雨のＰＨが約５．５になり、又はそれに近づいたら浸漬を終了する。 Thereafter, the immersion is repeated for 10 to 20 minutes and the interval for 5 to 10 minutes, and the immersion is terminated when the pH of the rain reaches or approaches 5.5.
雨が上がった後、培養液のＰＨを測定し、酸性度が高くなっている培養液にＰＨ調整剤４％水酸化ナトリウムを添加してＰＨ５．５〜６．５に調整する。 After raining, the pH of the culture solution is measured, and the pH is adjusted to 5.5 to 6.5 by adding 4% sodium hydroxide to the culture medium having a high acidity.
上記浸漬によりサラダナに付着した酸性雨を洗い流し、又培養液中から引き上げたときは、サラダナに付着した培養液分によって降りつける酸性雨を薄めることとなり、酸性雨被害を十分に防止する。 When the acid rain adhered to Saladana is washed away by the above immersion and pulled out from the culture solution, the acid rain that falls by the culture solution adhering to Saladana is diluted, thereby sufficiently preventing acid rain damage.
（第２発明の実施例２）
上記実施例１において、当初の降雨のＰＨを測定したところ例えば３．０と強い酸性を示したときは、サラダナを植えたパネルを培養液中に浸漬して、雨の酸性度が低下するのを待つ。１時間経過後雨のＰＨが４．５に高くなったら、上記実施例１におけると同様の１０分間浸漬と５分間間隔との繰返し、ついで１０分間浸漬と１０分間間隔の繰返しを行い、雨のＰＨが５．５又はそれに近い値になったら浸漬を終了する。
(Embodiment 2 of the second invention)
In Example 1 above, when the pH of the initial rainfall was measured and showed a strong acidity of 3.0, for example, the panel planted with Saladana was immersed in the culture solution, and the acidity of the rain decreased. Wait for. After 1 hour, when the pH of the rain increased to 4.5, the 10 minute immersion and the 5 minute interval were repeated as in Example 1, and then the 10 minute immersion and the 10 minute interval were repeated. The immersion is terminated when the pH becomes 5.5 or a value close thereto.
雨が上がった後、培養液のＰＨを１０％炭酸ナトリウム添加によりＰＨ５．５〜６．５に調整する。本例によっても酸性雨被害を十分に防止する。 After raining, the pH of the culture is adjusted to 5.5-6.5 by adding 10% sodium carbonate. This example also sufficiently prevents acid rain damage.
Claims (2)
上記培養液の液温を約１５°Ｃ〜２５゜Ｃに冷却すると共に、該培養液の濃度を植物の細胞液の濃度よりやや高い濃度から濃度零に近い濃度の間に調整し、
夏期熱暑時に、上記植物を上記培養液中に短時間浸漬して冷却し、ついで植物を培養液から引き上げて植物に付着した水分の気化熱により冷却し、この短時間浸漬冷却と引き上げ冷却を所要回数繰返す、
露地水耕栽培における熱暑被害防止方法。 In the plant hydroponics where the roots of the plant are immersed in the culture solution while supporting the fixed planting panel in which the plant is planted on the culture solution put in the cultivation tank,
The temperature of the culture solution is cooled to about 15 ° C. to 25 ° C., and the concentration of the culture solution is adjusted from a concentration slightly higher than the concentration of plant cell fluid to a concentration close to zero.
During the summer heat, the plant is immersed in the culture solution for a short time to cool, then the plant is pulled up from the culture solution and cooled by the heat of vaporization of water adhering to the plant. Repeat as many times as necessary,
How to prevent heat and heat damage in outdoor hydroponics.
上記培養液の濃度を、植物の細胞液の濃度よりやや高い濃度から濃度零に近い濃度の間に調整し、
酸性雨時に、上記植物を上記培養液中に所要時間浸漬して植物に付着した酸性雨を洗い流し、この所要時間浸漬洗浄を、酸性雨継続の間、短時間間隔をあけて繰返し、
雨後、上記培養液のＰＨを正常に調整する、
露地水耕栽培における酸性雨被害防止方法。 To put the cultivation tank culture on the roots of the plants in co-when supporting the planting panel planted plants in plant water culture immersed in the culture medium,
Adjust the concentration of the above culture solution between a concentration slightly higher than the concentration of plant cell fluid and a concentration close to zero,
During acid rain, the plant is immersed in the culture solution for a required time to wash away the acid rain adhering to the plant, and this required time immersion washing is repeated at short intervals during the duration of the acid rain,
After raining, the pH of the culture solution is adjusted normally.
Acid rain damage prevention method in the hydroponics of the open field.
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