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JP3921782B2 - Impervious structure in waste disposal site - Google Patents
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JP3921782B2 - Impervious structure in waste disposal site - Google Patents

Impervious structure in waste disposal site Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3921782B2
JP3921782B2 JP03139798A JP3139798A JP3921782B2 JP 3921782 B2 JP3921782 B2 JP 3921782B2 JP 03139798 A JP03139798 A JP 03139798A JP 3139798 A JP3139798 A JP 3139798A JP 3921782 B2 JP3921782 B2 JP 3921782B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
water
soil
impervious
disposal site
waste disposal
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JP03139798A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11226537A (en
Inventor
邦興 平間
龍之 松尾
徹巳 日笠山
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Obayashi Corp
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Obayashi Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は廃棄物処分場における遮水構造に関し、特に、廃棄物処分場の底部地盤を覆って設置されて処分場の内部から周囲の地盤へ汚水が漏出するのを防止する遮水構造に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
産業廃棄物や一般廃棄物を投棄する例えば埋立形の廃棄物処分場は、自然の地形を利用したり地盤を掘削して造成された凹状の地盤の内部に、廃棄物を埋立て貯留してゆくものであるが、埋立てた廃棄物から浸出する汚水の地下浸透による環境汚染を防止するために、処分場の底部地盤に予め遮水工を実施することが義務付けられている。
【0003】
かかる遮水工としては、従来より、経済性や遮水性の面から、例えば軟質の合成樹脂系あるいはゴム系の遮水シートを敷設することによって遮水性を付与するようにしたものや、廃棄物処分場の底部地盤を覆って土質遮水材料による遮水層を形成することによるものなどが知られている。
【0004】
そして、土質遮水材料によって遮水層を形成する方法によれば、これらの遮水層は、遮水性を有する土質材料によって形成されることになるが、土質材料がシルトや粘土細粒を十分に含有している場合には、かかる発生土を巻き出し締め固めて遮水層を造成することになり、また土質材料が砂分を主体とする土質の場合は、例えばベントナイトを加えて遮水性を確保した材料とした後に締固めて遮水層を造成するのが一般的である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、土質遮水材料を締固めて遮水層とする場合、かかる遮水層は圧縮荷重には強いが、引張荷重に対しては極めて弱いものであるため、処分場に廃棄物が投入されて遮水層に偏荷重がかかった際には、特に遮水層の下方の底部地盤が弱い場合には、沈下などの影響により、引張荷重によるクラックが発生して漏水を生じることになるという課題があった。
【0006】
従って、このような埋立処分場の建設立地としては、堅牢な地盤上を選定したり、底部地盤が弱い場合には地盤改良を施し廃棄物の投入時に沈下が生じないようにすることも考えられるが、廃棄物処分場に適した堅牢な地盤を選定することが困難であるとともに、軟弱な弱い地盤に対して地盤改良を行うには、多大なコストや施工手間を要することになるという課題があった。
【0007】
そこで、この発明は、このような従来の課題に着目してなされたもので、土質遮水材料による遮水層に引張抵抗を付与し、遮水層に生じるひび割れを容易に防止することのできる廃棄物処分場における遮水構造を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は、上記目的を達成するためになされたもので、その要旨は、廃棄物処分場の底部地盤を覆って設置されて処分場の内部から周囲の地盤へ汚水が漏出するのを防止する遮水構造であって、前記底部地盤を覆って設けられる遮水シートと、該遮水シートの上面に、シルトや粘土細粒分からなる土質材料に短繊維を混入してなる土質遮水材料、又は透水性のある砂分を主体とする土質に、ベントナイトを混合して改良することにより遮水性を付与した土質材料に短繊維を混入してなる土質遮水材料を所定の厚さで敷設することにより形成される遮水層とからなることを特徴とする廃棄物処分場における遮水構造にある。
【0010】
ここで、遮水層を形成するための土質遮水材料は、所定の厚さの層をなすことにより、水の通過を阻止する遮水層を形成し得る土質材料であって、例えばシルトや粘土細粒分を用いることができ、また透水性のある砂分を主体とする土質の場合であっても、例えばベントナイトを混合して改良することにより遮水性を付与することによって、土質遮水材料とすることができる。
【0011】
また、土質遮水材料に混入される短繊維としては、好ましくは例えばビニロンやポリエステル等からなる合成繊維を5〜10cm程度の長さに切断して使用する。短繊維の長さが5cmよりも短いと土との摩擦力が小さく粘着力、引張抵抗力の補強効果が少なくなるため、また短繊維の長さが10cmよりも長いと土との混合が難しくなり、均一性に欠けることになるため、いずれも好ましくない。
【0012】
なお、混入される短繊維の太さや量は、土質遮水材料への補強効果等を鑑みて適宜設計されることになる。
【0013】
また、このような短繊維を土質遮水材料へ混入するには、通常土の混合に用いられるソイルミキサーを用いて行うこともできるが、かくはん翼への短繊維のからみつきによる障害等を避けるために、遠心拡散、渦流原理を利用した特殊高速ミキサーなどを用いて混合作業を行うことが好ましい。
【0014】
さらに、土質遮水材料の底部地盤への敷設作業は、例えばブルドーザーなどの敷均し転圧装置を使用して通常の敷均し作業と同様にして容易に行うことができる。ここで、敷均し厚さは、遮水性等を鑑みて、例えば50cm以上とすることが好ましい。
【0015】
そして、この発明の廃棄物処分場における遮水構造によれば、遮水層が、短繊維が混入された土質遮水材料を敷設することにより形成されるので、遮水層に引張応力が生じても、短繊維がこの引張応力に塑性的に抵抗して、遮水層のひび割れを防止することになる。
【0016】
すなわち、この発明によれば、土質遮水材料に短繊維を混入することにより、短繊維と土の摩擦力によって土に加わるせん断力および引張力を短繊維に伝え、繊維の持つ引張強度を抵抗力として発揮させて、土全体に粘着力と引張力を付加し、遮水層の靱性を増加することによって、遮水層のひび割れを防止することになる。
【0017】
また、このような遮水層を、底部地盤を覆って配設される遮水シートの上面に敷設形成すれば、遮水シートによる遮水機能も加わって、より確実な遮水構造を構成することになる。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の好ましい実施の形態について添付図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。この実施形態にかかる廃棄物処分場における遮水構造10は、図1に示すように、一例として山間部などにおける広大な敷地を凹状に掘削し、整地することによって造成した廃棄物処分場11の、斜面を含む底部地盤12を覆うようにして設けられたものである。
【0019】
そして、この実施形態にかかる遮水構造10は、図2に拡大して示すように、底部地盤12を覆って配設される遮水シート13と、この遮水シート13の上面に、短繊維14が混入された土質遮水材料15を敷設して形成される遮水層16とによって構成される。
【0020】
ここで、遮水シート13は、例えば軟質の合成樹脂系あるいはゴム系のシート部材を用いることができ、これを敷設現場である下地処理された底部地盤12において、縦横に溶着接合一体化してゆくことによって、底部地盤12を水密に覆って布設されることになる。
【0021】
また、土質遮水材料15は、シルトや粘土細粒分からなり、例えば50cm以上の厚さで締固め転圧されることにより、水の通過を遮断する遮水層16を容易に形成することができるとともに、この土質遮水材料15には、これによって形成される遮水層16に引張り強度を付与するための短繊維14が混入されている。
【0022】
短繊維14は、例えばビニロン、ポリエステル等の人工の合成繊維からなる長さ5〜10cm程度の繊維材料で、土質遮水材料15に混入されて土との摩擦力によって土自体に粘着力及び引張力を付加させ、土全体を補強するものである。またこの短繊維14は、例えば250デニール程度の太さのものを使用することが好ましく、さらに土質遮水材料15の湿潤重量に対して0.3%程度混入することが好ましい。
【0023】
なお、このような短繊維14の土質遮水材料15への混合作業は、例えば、遠心拡散、渦流原理を利用した特殊高速ミキサーなどを用いて容易に行うことができる。
【0024】
一方、このような土質遮水材料15を用いて遮水層16を形成するには、底部地盤12を覆って配設された遮水シート13の上面に土質遮水材料15を搬入し、ブルドーザーを使用して通常の敷均し作業と同様の方法で締固め転圧してゆくことにより、好ましくは50〜100cm程度の厚さで、容易に形成することができる。
【0025】
そして、この実施形態の遮水構造10によれば、遮水層16を構成する土質遮水材料15には短繊維14が混入されていて、遮水層16に引張応力が生じても、この短繊維14がこの引張応力に塑性的に抵抗するので、例えば廃棄物処分場11の底部地盤12が弱く、廃棄物17の投入時に沈下が生じた場合でも、遮水層16の靱性を増してひび割れの発生を容易に防止することができ、したがって底部地盤12の改良を行うことなく経済的に処分場11を造成することができる。
【0026】
また、遮水層16が、底部地盤12を覆う遮水シート13の上面に敷設形成されているので、万が一遮水層16にひび割れが生じた場合でも、この遮水シート13による遮水機能によって、外部への漏水を確実に防止することができる。
【0027】
なお、この発明は上記実施形態の実施の態様のものに限定されるものではなく、各請求項に記載された構成の範囲内において、種々に変更して採用することができる。例えば、遮水シート13は、必ずしも配設する必要はなく、また短繊維は、必ずしも人工の合成繊維である必要はない。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上詳細に説明したように、この発明の廃棄物処分場における遮水構造によれば、底部地盤を覆って設けられる遮水シートと、この遮水シートの上面に、シルトや粘土細粒分からなる土質材料に短繊維を混入してなる土質遮水材料、又は透水性のある砂分を主体とする土質に、ベントナイトを混合して改良することにより遮水性を付与した土質材料に短繊維を混入してなる土質遮水材料を所定の厚さで敷設することにより形成される遮水層とからなるので、土質遮水材料による遮水層に引張抵抗を付与して、遮水層に生じるひび割れを容易に防止することができる。
【0029】
また、底部地盤を覆って設けられる遮水シートの上面に遮水層を形成しているので、遮水シートによる遮水機能も加わって、より確実な遮水構造を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の遮水シートの保護構造を採用した廃棄物処分場の一例を説明する略示断面図である。
【図2】この発明の一実施形態にかかる保護構造の構成を示す、図1のA部拡大図である。
【符号の説明】
10 遮水構造
11 廃棄物処分場
12 底部地盤
13 遮水シート
14 短繊維
15 土質遮水材料
16 遮水層
17 廃棄物
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water shielding structure in a waste disposal site, and more particularly, to a water shielding structure that covers a bottom ground of a waste disposal site and prevents leakage of sewage from the inside of the disposal site to the surrounding ground.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, a landfill-type waste disposal site that dumps industrial waste and general waste contains landfills in a concave ground created by using natural terrain or excavating the ground. However, in order to prevent environmental pollution due to underground infiltration of sewage leached from landfilled waste, it is obliged to implement a water shielding work in advance on the bottom ground of the disposal site.
[0003]
As such a water-impervious construction, from the viewpoint of economical efficiency and water-imperviousness, conventionally, for example, a soft synthetic resin-based or rubber-based water-impervious sheet is provided to provide water-imperviousness, and waste The thing by forming the water-impervious layer with the soil water-impervious material covering the bottom ground of the disposal site is known.
[0004]
And according to the method of forming a water-impervious layer with a soil water-impervious material, these water-impervious layers are formed with a soil-resistant material having a water-impervious property, but the soil material has sufficient silt and clay fine particles. If it is contained in the soil, the generated soil is unwound and compacted to form a water-impervious layer. In general, a water shielding layer is formed by compacting the material after securing the material.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the soil impermeable material is compacted to form a impermeable layer, the impermeable layer is strong against compressive load but extremely weak against tensile load, so waste is thrown into the disposal site. When the load is applied to the impermeable layer, especially if the bottom ground below the impermeable layer is weak, cracks due to tensile load will occur due to subsidence, etc., resulting in water leakage. There was a problem.
[0006]
Therefore, it is conceivable that the construction site of such a landfill site is selected on a solid ground, or if the bottom ground is weak, the ground will be improved so that no subsidence will occur when waste is thrown in. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to select a solid ground suitable for a waste disposal site, and to improve the ground for a soft and weak ground, it requires a lot of cost and construction work. there were.
[0007]
Therefore, the present invention has been made paying attention to such a conventional problem, and can impart tensile resistance to the water-impervious layer made of the soil water-impervious material and easily prevent cracks generated in the water-impervious layer. The purpose is to provide a water shielding structure in a waste disposal site.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and the gist of the present invention is to cover the bottom ground of the waste disposal site and prevent sewage from leaking from the inside of the disposal site to the surrounding ground. A water-impervious structure, and a water-impervious sheet provided to cover the bottom ground, and a soil-impervious material formed by mixing short fibers into a soil material composed of silt and clay fine particles on the upper surface of the water-impervious sheet, Or , a soil-impervious material made by mixing short fibers into a soil material that has been provided with water-imperviousness by mixing bentonite and improving the soil mainly composed of sand with water permeability It is in the water-impervious structure in the waste disposal site characterized by comprising the water-impervious layer formed by this.
[0010]
Here, the soil water shielding material for forming the water shielding layer is a soil material capable of forming a water shielding layer that prevents passage of water by forming a layer having a predetermined thickness. Clay fine particles can be used, and even in the case of soils mainly composed of sand with water permeability, for example, by mixing water and improving by mixing bentonite, Can be a material.
[0011]
Moreover, as a short fiber mixed in a soil water-impervious material, it is preferable to cut a synthetic fiber made of, for example, vinylon or polyester into a length of about 5 to 10 cm. If the length of the short fiber is shorter than 5 cm, the frictional force with the soil is small and the reinforcing effect of the adhesive force and tensile resistance is reduced. If the length of the short fiber is longer than 10 cm, it is difficult to mix with the soil. Both of which are not preferable because of lack of uniformity.
[0012]
In addition, the thickness and amount of the short fibers to be mixed are appropriately designed in view of the reinforcing effect on the soil impermeable material.
[0013]
In addition, in order to mix such short fibers into the soil impervious material, it is possible to use a soil mixer which is usually used for mixing soil, but in order to avoid obstacles due to tangling of the short fibers to the agitating blade. Furthermore, it is preferable to perform the mixing operation using a special high-speed mixer utilizing the centrifugal diffusion or vortex principle.
[0014]
Furthermore, the laying operation of the soil impermeable material on the bottom ground can be easily performed in the same manner as a normal laying operation using a laying and rolling device such as a bulldozer. Here, the spread thickness is preferably set to, for example, 50 cm or more in view of water shielding and the like.
[0015]
According to the water-impervious structure in the waste disposal site of the present invention, the water-impervious layer is formed by laying a soil impermeable material mixed with short fibers, so that tensile stress is generated in the water-impervious layer. However, the short fibers plastically resist the tensile stress and prevent the water shielding layer from cracking.
[0016]
That is, according to the present invention, by mixing short fibers into the soil impermeable material, the shearing force and tensile force applied to the soil by the friction force between the short fibers and the soil are transmitted to the short fibers, and the tensile strength of the fibers is resisted. By exerting it as a force and adding adhesive force and tensile force to the entire soil and increasing the toughness of the water shielding layer, cracking of the water shielding layer will be prevented.
[0017]
Moreover, if such a water-impervious layer is laid on the upper surface of the water-impervious sheet disposed so as to cover the bottom ground, a water-impervious function by the water-impervious sheet is also added to constitute a more reliable water-impervious structure. It will be.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the water-impervious structure 10 in the waste disposal site according to this embodiment includes, for example, a waste disposal site 11 created by excavating a large site in a mountainous area or the like into a concave shape and leveling it. These are provided so as to cover the bottom ground 12 including the slope.
[0019]
And the water-impervious structure 10 according to this embodiment includes, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 2, a water-impervious sheet 13 disposed so as to cover the bottom ground 12, and short fibers on the upper surface of the impermeable sheet 13. And a water shielding layer 16 formed by laying a soil water shielding material 15 mixed with 14.
[0020]
Here, as the water shielding sheet 13, for example, a soft synthetic resin-based or rubber-based sheet member can be used, and this is welded and integrated vertically and horizontally on the bottom ground 12 subjected to the ground treatment at the laying site. As a result, the bottom ground 12 is covered with water tightly.
[0021]
Moreover, the soil water-impervious material 15 is made of silt or clay fine particles, and can be easily formed with a water-impervious layer 16 that blocks passage of water, for example, by compaction and rolling at a thickness of 50 cm or more. In addition, the soil impermeable material 15 is mixed with short fibers 14 for imparting tensile strength to the impermeable layer 16 formed thereby.
[0022]
The short fiber 14 is a fiber material having a length of about 5 to 10 cm made of artificial synthetic fibers such as vinylon and polyester. The short fiber 14 is mixed in the soil water-impervious material 15 and is subjected to adhesive force and tension on the soil itself by frictional force with the soil. It adds force and reinforces the entire soil. The short fibers 14 preferably have a thickness of about 250 deniers, for example, and are preferably mixed with about 0.3% with respect to the wet weight of the soil impermeable material 15.
[0023]
Such a short fiber 14 can be easily mixed with the soil impermeable material 15 using, for example, a special high-speed mixer utilizing centrifugal diffusion or a vortex principle.
[0024]
On the other hand, in order to form the water shielding layer 16 using such a soil water shielding material 15, the soil water shielding material 15 is carried on the upper surface of the water shielding sheet 13 disposed so as to cover the bottom ground 12, and the bulldozer Can be easily formed with a thickness of preferably about 50 to 100 cm by compacting and rolling with a method similar to that of a normal leveling operation.
[0025]
And according to the water-impervious structure 10 of this embodiment, even if the short fiber 14 is mixed in the soil water-impervious material 15 constituting the water-impervious layer 16, Since the short fibers 14 plastically resist this tensile stress, for example, the bottom ground 12 of the waste disposal site 11 is weak, and even if subsidence occurs when the waste 17 is thrown in, the toughness of the water shielding layer 16 is increased. The occurrence of cracks can be easily prevented, and therefore the disposal site 11 can be economically created without improving the bottom ground 12.
[0026]
Further, since the water shielding layer 16 is laid and formed on the upper surface of the water shielding sheet 13 covering the bottom ground 12, even if the water shielding layer 16 is cracked, the water shielding function by the water shielding sheet 13 is effective. It is possible to reliably prevent water leakage to the outside.
[0027]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the thing of the aspect of the said embodiment, In the range of the structure described in each claim, it can change and employ | adopt variously. For example, the water-impervious sheet 13 is not necessarily arranged, and the short fibers are not necessarily artificial synthetic fibers.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the water-impervious structure in the waste disposal site of the present invention, the water-impervious sheet provided to cover the bottom ground, and the upper surface of the water-impervious sheet are composed of silt and fine clay particles. Mixing short fibers into soil-impervious materials made by mixing short fibers into soil materials, or soil materials with water-impervious properties by mixing bentonite with soil materials mainly composed of water-permeable sand. Since it consists of a water-impervious layer formed by laying the soil-impervious material with a predetermined thickness, it gives a tensile resistance to the water-impervious layer made of the soil impermeable material, and cracks generated in the impermeable layer Can be easily prevented.
[0029]
Moreover, since the water- impervious layer is formed on the upper surface of the water- impervious sheet provided so as to cover the bottom ground, the water-impervious function by the water-impervious sheet is added, and a more reliable water-impervious structure can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining an example of a waste disposal site employing a protection structure for a water shielding sheet according to the present invention.
2 is an enlarged view of a part A in FIG. 1, showing the structure of the protective structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Impermeable structure 11 Waste disposal site 12 Bottom ground 13 Impermeable sheet 14 Short fiber 15 Soil impermeable material 16 Impermeable layer 17 Waste

Claims (1)

廃棄物処分場の底部地盤を覆って設置されて処分場の内部から周囲の地盤へ汚水が漏出するのを防止する遮水構造であって、
前記底部地盤を覆って設けられる遮水シートと、該遮水シートの上面に、シルトや粘土細粒分からなる土質材料に短繊維を混入してなる土質遮水材料、又は透水性のある砂分を主体とする土質に、ベントナイトを混合して改良することにより遮水性を付与した土質材料に短繊維を混入してなる土質遮水材料を所定の厚さで敷設することにより形成される遮水層とからなることを特徴とする廃棄物処分場における遮水構造。
A water shielding structure that covers the bottom ground of the waste disposal site and prevents leakage of sewage from the inside of the disposal site to the surrounding ground,
A water-impervious sheet provided to cover the bottom ground, and a soil-impervious material formed by mixing short fibers into a soil material composed of silt or clay fine particles on the upper surface of the water-impervious sheet, or sand with water permeability Imperviousness formed by laying a soil-impervious material with a predetermined thickness by mixing short fibers into a soil material that has been provided with water-impervious properties by mixing bentonite and improving the soil A water shielding structure in a waste disposal site, characterized by comprising a layer.
JP03139798A 1998-02-13 1998-02-13 Impervious structure in waste disposal site Expired - Lifetime JP3921782B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP03139798A JP3921782B2 (en) 1998-02-13 1998-02-13 Impervious structure in waste disposal site

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JP3921782B2 true JP3921782B2 (en) 2007-05-30

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JP4678496B2 (en) * 2005-05-23 2011-04-27 東洋建設株式会社 Impervious structure of waste disposal site

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