JP3926606B2 - Structure using cooling member - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cooling member having a vaporization surface on which a liquid such as water is vaporized and evaporated, and more particularly to a structure using the cooling member .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, the houses we live in, whether wooden or concrete, are often equipped with air-conditioning systems, and cooling and heating are performed in response to changes in temperature. ing.
[0003]
There are various types of heating means, such as air-conditioning units called air conditioners, as well as those that use resistance heating of electricity such as gas, oil combustion, and electric heaters. In fact, there is an upper limit to the method of operating the cooling / heating apparatus using the expansion, or operating a cooling-only machine commonly called a cooler.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-described air conditioner is a device that consumes a large amount of energy such as electric energy, and it is well known that it consumes a large amount of energy for cooling in the summer, particularly in a concrete structure with high hermeticity.
[0005]
Here, cooling is the movement of heat from a low temperature part to a high temperature part against the law of heat transfer, and in order to realize this movement, a device such as a compressor that compresses a medium related to the heat transfer is driven. Therefore, a great deal of energy is consumed. In addition to the amount of heat transferred from the low-temperature part to the high-temperature part, heat generated as a result of operating each mechanism of the cooling device is also discharged to the destination of the transferred heat. For this reason, a large amount of heat is discharged to the heat transfer destination, and the environmental temperature rises. Furthermore, in response to the increase in the environmental temperature, a cooling cycle is caused to operate further. We know that the temperature of the environment rises in a wide area mainly in this urban area due to the heat discharged from the device, and that the operation of such a cooling device is one of the causes of the so-called heat island phenomenon.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is configured in view of the above-described problems.
That is, the present invention includes a member that can be configured as a part of a structure such as a house and that can be impregnated with a liquid such as water, and a water supply means for the member. The member is cooled by the heat of vaporization when the liquid is impregnated and evaporated from a predetermined evaporation surface, and the predetermined structure of the structure is directly cooled by the cooling heat or indirectly through another structure. The cooling structure is configured to cool the space.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The member (hereinafter referred to as “water-containing member”) is made of a material having a large number of minute spaces such as a porous material so that a liquid such as water (hereinafter described as “water” including examples) can be impregnated. ing.
[0008]
Examples of the material having a large number of minute spaces include, for example, a fired material represented by brick, or a concrete mortar material that has been previously molded into a specific shape, and is not molded into a predetermined shape. It may be configured as a wall surface or the like at a construction site of a structure like a wall. In any case, the water to be supplied is impregnated and has an evaporation surface for evaporating the water. In addition, although the evaporation surface of water is prescribed | regulated to a specific surface corresponding to structures, such as a house, this evaporation surface is not necessarily restricted to one surface.
[0009]
The water-containing member configured as a part of the structure is cooled by the heat of vaporization when the supplied water soaks in along the minute space and the impregnated water evaporates from a predetermined evaporation surface. The The water-containing member is cooled by the cooling heat, which is negative heat, and the predetermined space of the structure is cooled directly or indirectly through another structure by the cooling heat.
[0010]
Various configurations of the water-containing member with respect to the house and the like are conceivable, but the room is cooled by, for example, arranging it as a house wall surface or in proximity to a member constituting the house wall surface. In addition, it is configured to control the temperature by detecting the humidity and temperature of the water-containing member and controlling the amount of water supplied to the water-containing member and controlling the flow of air on the evaporation surface by controlling the fan. Is also possible. If necessary, an antibacterial layer (antibacterial surface) is formed around the evaporation surface in order to prevent the growth of bacteria in a humid environment.
[0011]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1A shows a basic structure of the present invention as a first embodiment of the present invention. An arrow 1 indicates the entire cooling member, and the cooling member 1 includes a water-containing member main body 2 made of a material that can be impregnated with water, and a water supply means 3 that supplies water W to the water-containing member main body 2. ing.
[0012]
First, the water-containing member main body 2 is, for example, a fired product having a minute space represented by brick, or a concrete mortar material that has been previously molded into a specific shape, and is not molded into a predetermined shape. It may be configured as a wall surface or the like at a construction site of a structure like a wall. In any case, as long as the water-containing member body 2 is molded so that the water soaked through the minute space is retained and can be evaporated from the evaporation surface described later, the material, the molding method, etc. are not questioned. Absent.
[0013]
When this water-containing member body 2 is used as a wall surface of a house, for example, the water-containing member body 2 itself functions as a structural material constituting the house, such as a concrete mortar material, and the wall surface itself has a different structure. It is used as appropriate according to the constituent material, strength, etc. of the water-containing member main body 2 such as being constituted by a material and being configured to bear only the cooling function in the vicinity of this structural material. Hereinafter, the case where the hydrous member main body 2 is mainly used as a wall surface of a house will be described as an example.
[0014]
As described above, the water-containing member body 2 is formed to be porous, and one surface thereof is an evaporation surface 2A where the supplied water evaporates, and the surface opposite to the evaporation surface 2A forms a layer that prevents the permeation of moisture. The non-evaporating surface 2B is configured in the same manner.
[0015]
The water supply means 3 is provided with respect to the water-containing member main body 2 having such a configuration. The water supply means 3 can have various configurations as will be described later. In short, any configuration may be used as long as it is a configuration capable of impregnating and supplying water to the water-containing member main body 2.
[0016]
In the illustrated configuration, a water supply header 3a is disposed in the depth direction with respect to the upper end portion of the water-containing member main body 2, and a small hole 3a is formed in the longitudinal direction of the water supply header 3 (depth direction in the figure). It is comprised so that water W may be supplied from '. The water W supplied from each small hole 3a 'infiltrates the water-containing member body 2 almost uniformly by gravity and capillary action, and takes the heat of vaporization from the water-containing member body 2 by appropriately evaporating from the evaporation surface 2A. The water-containing member main body 2 is cooled. This negative heat is transmitted to the indoor side via the non-evaporating surface 2B, and cools the room. Although the same applies to the following configuration, the supplied water can infiltrate the entire hydrous member body 2 mainly by capillary action, so that the hydrous member body 2 is arranged in the vertical direction as a wall surface, Even if it is horizontally arranged as a ceiling surface or a floor surface, it can be used as a cooling means.
[0017]
FIGS. 1B and 1C show a second embodiment, and show a case where water supply means having another configuration is provided for the water-containing member body 2.
Reference numeral 3 b is a water supply pipe connected to the water supply header 3 a, and a plurality of pipes are embedded in the water-containing member main body 2. The water supply pipe 3b is provided with a small hole 3b ', and the water W supplied through the header 3a oozes out from the small hole 3b' of each water supply pipe 3b, infiltrates into the water-containing member main body 2, and evaporates the surface 2A. Vaporizes and evaporates. In the case of this configuration, the plurality of water supply pipes 3b are arranged in the water-containing member 2, so that water can be supplied to the water-containing member main body 2 more evenly. Even when the evaporation from the evaporation surface 2A is intense, it is possible to easily realize the supply of water corresponding to the evaporation amount.
[0018]
FIG. 2A shows a third embodiment. Reference numeral 4 in the figure denotes a water tank, which is disposed at the lower part of the water-containing member main body 2. Reference numeral 5 denotes an intervening member for supplying water in the water tank 4 to the water-containing member main body 2 by capillary action such as a nonwoven fabric. The water W in the water tank 4 is supplied to the water-containing member main body 2 side via the interposing member 5 by capillary action, and further infiltrates and rises in the water-containing member main body 2 by capillary action.
[0019]
Although this configuration is inferior to the two types of configurations in terms of adjustment of the amount of water supplied and the amount of unit time supplied to the water-containing member main body 2, the structure is very simple, for example, rainwater drainage such as rain gutters. By connecting the path and the water tank 4, there is an advantage that rainwater can be used as the evaporating water W.
[0020]
FIG. 2B shows a fourth embodiment. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 6 denotes a spray header. In the configuration shown in the figure, three spray headers are arranged in the vertical direction, and the evaporation surface 2 </ b> A of the water-containing member main body 2. On the other hand, the water W is directly supplied by injection. The injection of water W is normally performed intermittently, and the water-containing member main body 2 is infiltrated by the injection of water W, and the infiltrated water evaporates mainly when the injection of water W is not performed.
[0021]
In this configuration, in addition to the evaporation of the water W, the water-containing member body 2 is directly cooled by the injected water W when the water W is injected. In addition, in water evaporation, water-containing components centered on calcium may precipitate over time on the evaporation surface 2A, and the amount of water evaporation on the evaporation surface 2A may decrease. Therefore, it can be expected that the growth of the precipitated components is prevented by direct injection of water onto the evaporation surface 2A and the deposited components are washed away.
[0022]
3A and 3B show a fifth embodiment.
Reference numeral 7 denotes a structural material which is a wall surface of the structure, and is made of a strong material such as concrete in order to bear the strength of the structure. A plurality of space portions 7A are formed in the structural material 7 so as to be inserted from the front surface (the right surface of the structural material 7 shown in FIG. 1A) to the back surface. In the illustrated configuration, the space portion 7A is formed in a cylindrical shape, but is not limited to this shape.
[0023]
Reference numeral 8 denotes a water-containing member filled in each of the space portions 7A, and is made of the same material as the water-containing member body 2 described above. The evaporating surface 8A of the water-containing member 8 is located on the surface side of the structural material 7, and the back surface of the structural material 7 is a non-evaporating surface 8B.
[0024]
Reference numeral 20 denotes water supply means for supplying water W to each water-containing member 8. In the configuration shown in the figure, the water supply means 20 includes a main header 20 a and a sub-header 20 b branched from the main header 20 a. Then, water W is supplied from each subheader 20b to each water-containing member 8. Incidentally, each sub-header 20b has a small hole for supplying water so as to open in the water-containing member 8.
[0025]
In the above configuration, since part of the structural material 7 is the water-containing member 8, it is basically unnecessary to make the wall surface a double structure of the structural material and the water-containing member.
[0026]
4A and 4B show a sixth embodiment.
In the figure, reference numeral 9 denotes a water tank embedded in the water-containing member body 2. A small hole 9a is formed in the water tank 9, but the small hole 9a is mainly formed only at a position lowered from the upper surface portion of the water tank to a predetermined height. Thereby, it is comprised so that the water level of the water W in the water tank 9 may not become below the height H by the infiltration of the water with respect to the water-containing member main body 2 through the small hole 9a.
[0027]
By supplying the water W, the water in the water tank 9 infiltrates into the water-containing member main body 2 through the small holes 9a and evaporates from the evaporation surface 2A. On the other hand, when the supply of water W from the header 3 a to each water tank 9 is stopped, the infiltration of water from the small hole 9 a stops when the water level becomes H, and the infiltration of the water W into the water-containing member main body 2 stops and vaporizes in the water tank 9. The predetermined water level H is maintained except that the water vapor slightly flows out of the small hole 9a.
[0028]
The above state is particularly effective for keeping the wall surface in winter. That is, since water is stored in the wall surface by the water tank 9, the heat capacity of the entire wall surface becomes very large. For this reason, for example, the wall surface heated by sunlight shining on the wall surface in the daytime can maintain an appropriate temperature even at night due to its high heat capacity, and exhibit a heat retaining effect that can prevent a rapid decrease in the room temperature. Is possible.
[0029]
FIG. 4C shows a seventh embodiment.
In this embodiment, the water supply path itself is used as a reinforcing material for the structural material.
Reference numeral 10 denotes a water supply pipe, which is formed in a lattice shape as shown in the figure, for example, so that the water supply pipe 10 itself is configured to maintain the physical strength of the structure, such as a reinforcing bar of a reinforcing steel structure. ing. Although not shown in the water supply pipe, a large number of small holes are formed in the water supply pipe 10 so that water is evenly supplied to the entire water-containing member body 2. In addition, you may comprise so that the intensity | strength as a structure may be further stiffened by putting a bracing diagonally at least to a part of lattice of the water supply pipe 10. FIG.
[0030]
FIG. 5 shows a structure in which the water-containing member is provided with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Since the water-containing member is in a moist state when supplied with water, it is easy to generate mold around the evaporation surface, and an environment in which various germs easily propagate.
FIG. 5A shows an eighth embodiment, in which an antibacterial and antifungal layer (hereinafter simply referred to as “antibacterial layer”) 2C is formed on the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member main body 2. .
[0031]
The antibacterial layer 2C is formed by spraying a resin containing a bactericidal agent or a fungicide on the evaporation surface 2A, or applying a bactericidal agent or a fungicide. As a matter of course, the resin layer is formed by spraying so that the resin layer itself becomes porous because the fine resin adheres to the evaporation surface and does not block the small holes of the evaporation surface 2A. It is to make it.
[0032]
Further, although not shown, it is possible to preliminarily knead the disinfectant and fungicide in the constituent material itself of the water-containing member body 2 so that the entire water-containing member body 2 has antibacterial and fungicidal properties. is there.
[0033]
FIG. 5B shows a ninth embodiment. What is indicated by reference numeral 11 in the figure is a germicidal lamp that emits ultraviolet rays. By irradiating ultraviolet rays UV to the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member body 2, the portion around the evaporation surface 2A is sterilized (antifungal). Is configured to do. Including Example 7, when the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member main body 2 is exposed to the outside, it is possible to perform antibacterial and antifungal treatment by a method such as spraying an antibacterial agent or an antifungal agent as appropriate. However, as described later, when the evaporation surface 2A is covered with the outer wall surface, it is difficult to spray directly as described above, so that the antibacterial treatment and fungicidal treatment as in Examples 7 and 8 are performed. It is desirable to apply in advance.
[0034]
FIG. 6 shows a tenth embodiment that is configured so that the temperature of the water-containing member body 2 can be controlled.
In the water-containing member main body 2, a humidity sensor 12 for detecting the humidity of the water-containing member main body 2 and a temperature sensor 13 for detecting the temperature of the water-containing member main body 2 are arranged. Reference numeral 14 denotes a fan that allows the air Ai to flow through the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member body 2. Reference numeral 15 denotes a control device, which controls the supply amount of water W through the water supply means 3 and controls the air flow rate on the evaporation surface 2A by controlling the fan 14 based on signals from the humidity sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13. The temperature of the water-containing member body 2 is controlled mainly by controlling the amount of evaporation on the evaporation surface 2A.
[0035]
In the case shown in the figure, the humidity sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 are both arranged at one point. However, the detection accuracy can be further improved by arranging these sensors 12 and 13 at multiple points of the water-containing member body 2. Of course, it is also possible to improve. Moreover, since the water supply method with respect to the water-containing member main body 2 can control water supply except for the structure shown in FIG. 3A, any of these methods can be implemented.
[0036]
The configurations shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B are specific examples in which the water-containing member main body 2 is configured as a part of a structure such as a house.
[0037]
First, FIG. 11A shows an eleventh embodiment. Reference numeral 16 denotes a wall that forms a frame of the structure, and is configured as a part of the structure by, for example, a strong structure such as reinforced concrete. The hydrous member main body 2 constituting the main body of the cooling member 1 is attached to the wall body 16 through the non-evaporating surface 2B. In this state, when water is supplied (not shown) to the water-containing member main body 2 of the cooling member 1, water evaporates from the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member main body 2. The negative amount of heat due to the heat of vaporization is transmitted to the wall body 16 through the water-containing member body 2 and cools the room (the left space of the wall body 16) partitioned by the wall body 16 through the wall body 16. To do.
[0038]
In addition, the cooling surface 2A of the water-containing member main body 2 can be covered with an outer wall 17 in addition to being exposed to the outdoor space, including examples described later. Considering the adhesion of dust and the like to the evaporation surface 2A, it is more practical to cover it with the outer wall 17 than to expose the cooling surface as a house wall surface. When covered with the outer wall 17, it is desirable that air Ai is flowed by the fan 14 or the like as in the configuration shown in FIG. 6 to promote evaporation on the evaporation surface 2 </ b> A.
[0039]
FIG. 7B shows a twelfth embodiment.
In the figure, the water-containing member main body 2 is supported by a wall body 16 via a support heat transfer material 18. In the configuration shown in the figure, a space 19 is formed between the support heat transfer material 18 and the water-containing member main body 2, and both surfaces of the water-containing member main body 2 are configured as evaporation surfaces 2 </ b> Aa and 2 </ b> Ab. The support heat transfer material 18 is a member having a function of supporting the water-containing member main body 2 and transmitting a negative amount of heat on the water-containing member main body 2 side to the wall body 16 side. As a material that exhibits both of these functions, a metal material having good thermal conductivity and a predetermined strength, such as an aluminum material, is effective. In addition, when there exists the space part 19, a heat insulating material is arrange | positioned in the part exposed to the space part 19 among the said support heat transfer materials 18, and the part which faces the said space part 18 among the wall bodies 16. FIG. The wall body 16 is insulated from the heat of vaporization released into the space portion 19 by performing heat insulation treatment.
[0040]
Also in this embodiment, it is possible to arrange a fan to promote evaporation by arranging at least one of the evaporation surfaces 2Aa and 2Ab, and to install the outer wall 17 shown in FIG. 7A on the evaporation surface 2Aa side. It is. In this embodiment, a negative amount of heat is transmitted from the water-containing member main body 2 to the wall body 16 indirectly through the support heat transfer material 8, but if the space 19 is formed, the evaporation surface of the water-containing member main body 2 is evaporated. As the surfaces 2Aa and 2Ab, since the area of the evaporation surface can be doubled, a higher cooling effect can be expected.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As described above with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is a structure using a material that is cooled by the heat of vaporization of a liquid such as water, and the heat transfer accompanying cooling is naturally performed according to thermodynamics. Thus, it is possible to provide a structure using an extremely safe and inexpensive cooling material without consuming artificial energy such as electric energy and without giving a special load to the environment.
[0042]
In addition, since the material used for this structure is configured as a cooling material separately from the structure , it can be used for various purposes in addition to structures such as buildings.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member main body showing a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member main body showing a second embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA.
2A is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member main body showing a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member main body showing a fourth embodiment.
FIGS. 3A and 3B show a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member body, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
4A is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member main body showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4B is a front view of a lattice-type water supply pipe showing a seventh embodiment.
5A is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member main body showing an eighth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member main body showing a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a control system diagram of a water-containing member main body showing a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
7A is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member main body and a wall body showing an eleventh embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member main body and a wall body showing a twelfth embodiment. .
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cooling member 2 Water-containing member main body 2A, 2Aa, 2Ab Evaporation surface 2B Non-evaporation surface 3 Water supply means 3a Water supply header 3b Water supply pipe 4 Water tank 5 Interposition member 6 Spray header 7 Structural material 7A (For water-containing member filling) Space 8 Water-containing member 8A Evaporation surface 8B Non-evaporation surface 9 Water container 10 Lattice-shaped water supply pipe 11 Sterilization lamp 12 Humidity sensor 13 Temperature sensor 14 Fan 15 Control device 16 Wall body 17 Outer wall 18 Support heat transfer material 19 Space part

Claims (2)

A water-containing member body that is a material that cools itself by the heat of vaporization accompanying evaporation of liquid such as water (hereinafter referred to as “water”) and cools the object by the negative amount of heat by this cooling, The water-containing member main body is a means for supplying water, and at least one surface of the water-containing member main body is a structure using a cooling member that is an evaporation surface from which water evaporates, and has a heat transfer function. The hydrous member main body is supported on the structural body by a support heat transfer material having a support function for supporting the load of the hydrous member main body, and the negative heat amount of the hydrous member main body is transferred to the case side through the support heat transfer material. A structure using a cooling member characterized by being configured to be transmitted.   A space is formed between the water-containing member main body and the housing, and the water-containing member main body has an evaporation surface formed on both the outer surface and the surface facing the housing, which is the surface facing the outer surface. A structure using the cooling member according to claim 1.

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