JP3930139B2 - Magnetohydrodynamic generator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a disk type magnetohydrodynamic power generation apparatus using a high-temperature working fluid, which is used as a topping for a thermal power plant using fossil fuel as a heat source, and in particular, an electrohydrodynamic power generation apparatus having an improved ionization seed supply nozzle. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Magnetohydrodynamic power generation (hereinafter referred to as “ICD power generation”) is a power generation system that directly converts enthalpy into electrical energy through the interaction between a conductive fluid and an external magnetic field. Realization of a high-efficiency medium-scale combined cycle thermal power plant is expected.
[0003]
In recent years, the demand for electric power has been increasing more and more, and the gap between electric demand for daytime and nighttime tends to increase. For this reason, in the power generation facility, there is a demand for improvement in total power generation efficiency and a response to fluctuations in power demand.
[0004]
Therefore, for ICD power generation, operation with high energy conversion efficiency and operation for power generation adjustment corresponding to load fluctuations are expected.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of this type of disk-type ICD power generation device, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining the principle of power generation in a general ICD power generation device, and FIG. 9 is a general diagram. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of a disk-type ICD power generation device, and FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
[0005]
In FIG. 7, the working fluid 1 uses a rare gas such as argon or helium as a mother gas. The working fluid 1 is heated by passing through a high-temperature heat exchanger 2 heated by a combustion gas such as fossil fuel. The heated working fluid 1 passes through a generator inlet pipe 3 provided along the horizontal direction toward the right in the figure, and at the time of this passage, from the seed agent injection device 4, metal potassium or cesium. A small amount of ionization seed 4a such as is mixed and guided to the ICD generator 5 arranged on the right side in the figure. Further, the working fluid 1 after the ICD power generation processing by the ICD generator 5 is circulated again upstream via the cooler 6 and the compressor 7.
[0006]
Here, the ICD generator 5 has a function of accelerating and discharging the hot working fluid 1 flowing from the generator inlet pipe 3 to a supersonic state. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, such a function includes a disk-shaped upper disk 11 provided in the horizontal direction around the discharge port 3 a of the generator inlet pipe 3, and the discharge port of the generator inlet pipe 3. 3a and a disk-shaped lower disk 12 disposed opposite to the upper disk 11, and a radial supersonic nozzle 13 is formed by a gap formed by the opposed surfaces 11a, 12a of the upper and lower disks 11, 12. Realized.
[0007]
Further, the ICD generator 5 has a function of generating and taking out an electromotive force by applying an external magnetic field B to the working fluid 1 flowing through the supersonic nozzle 13 in the orthogonal direction. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, the function is such that the electrodes 14a and 14b for extracting the electromotive force are formed on the inner and outer peripheral parts of the upper and lower disks 11 and 12, and the upper and lower disks. This is realized by disposing the external magnetic field application device 5a so as to sandwich 11 and 12. The external magnetic field application device 5 a applies the external magnetic field B to the working fluid 1 by interlinking it in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction by the supersonic nozzle 13.
[0008]
Accordingly, when the working fluid 1 flows from the discharge port 3a of the generator inlet pipe 3 into the flow path inlet 13a of the ICD generator 5 in a subsonic state, the working fluid 1 is accelerated to the sonic state by the throat portion 13b having a reduced cross-sectional area. Further, it is accelerated to a supersonic state by the ICD channel 13c, flows radially and flows out of the ICD generator as shown in FIG. At this time, the ionizing seed agent 4a injected in the middle of the generator inlet pipe 3 is ionized at the temperature of the working fluid 1 to form a plasma state, and the working fluid 1 has conductivity. Become.
[0009]
However, in seed injection at this time, if the seed agent 4a is not uniformly distributed in the cross-sectional direction of the generator inlet pipe 3, non-uniform conductivity occurs in the ICD channel 13c and power generation efficiency is reduced. .
[0010]
Further, the ionization seed agent 4a is sprayed into the generator inlet pipe 3 in a mist form from the nozzle 4b in order to facilitate evaporation, but in the seed supply nozzle 4b as shown in FIG. 11, the atomized ionization seed agent 4a is sprayed. Will collide with the working fluid 1 at right angles to the turbulent flow promoting plate 4c, so that the mist-like ionized seed agent 4a can be easily combined, and the evaporation promotion of the ionized seed agent 4a is reduced.
[0011]
Further, when the external magnetic field B is applied in the orthogonal direction from the external magnetic field application device 5a, the working fluid 1 is bent in the negative orbiting θ direction under the influence of the electromagnetic driving force via the external magnetic field B, and thus negative A swirling flow having a flow velocity component uθ in the circumferential θ direction is obtained.
[0012]
Further, in the upper and lower disks 11 and 12, a Faraday current Jθ is induced along the negative circulation θ direction, and a Hall electric field Er is generated in the negative radius r direction based on the Hall effect with the external magnetic field B. The Hall voltage corresponding to the Hall electric field Er is taken out to the external circuit 15 through the electrodes 14a and 14b as a power generation output.
[0013]
Here, the previous swirl flow geometrically lowers the flow velocity Ur in the radius r direction across the external magnetic field B inside the ICD generator 3, and reduces the Hall electric field Er formed in the radius r direction. There is a possibility of reducing power generation efficiency. As described above, the ICD generator 5 currently performs ICD power generation.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the magnetohydrodynamic power generation device described above, the plasma of the ionized ionization seed agent 4a flowing into the ICD generator 5 from the generator inlet pipe 3 is separated radially, so that the ionization seed agent on the cross section of the generator inlet pipe 3 If the distribution of 4a is not uniform, the power generation state inside the ICD generator 5 becomes unstable, leading to a decrease in power generation efficiency.
[0015]
Further, the ionization seed agent 4a collides with the turbulent flow promoting plate 4c installed at a right angle in the flow direction of the working fluid 1, and the mist-like ionization seed agent 4a is coupled to form a large mass inside the generator inlet pipe. In an extreme case, the seed agent is biased near the center of the generator inlet pipe without being diffused, and is introduced into the ICD generator 5 without being sufficiently evaporated.
[0016]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an ionization seed supply nozzle that can smoothly diffuse the ionization seed agent uniformly into the generator inlet pipe and can be introduced into the ICD generator without being condensed by the turbulence promoting plate. An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetohydrodynamic power generation device.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above-mentioned subject is achieved by the following magnetohydrodynamic power generation device.
In the first aspect of the present invention, the first disk portion is provided so as to include the discharge port of the generator inlet pipe having the ionization seed supply nozzle, and the first disk portion and the discharge port are opposed to each other. By applying a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction to the working fluid that circulates radially through the flow path formed by the gap between the first and second disk portions. In the magnetohydrodynamic power generation apparatus that generates an electromotive force proportional to the flow velocity in the flow direction through electromagnetic induction between the working fluid and the magnetic field,
A spray hole provided on the upstream side in the working fluid flow direction of the ionization seed supply nozzle to spray the ionization seed;
Enlarged tubular turbulent flow on the downstream side of the working fluid of the ionizing seed supply nozzle, disposed so as to resist the flow of the working fluid, and having a spread having a predetermined opening angle along the working fluid flow direction An accelerating plate is provided.
[0018]
In such an invention according to claim 1, the turbulent flow promoting plate provided in the working fluid flow direction wake of the ionization seed supply nozzle is expanded with respect to the working fluid flow, for example, at an opening angle of 120 degrees or less. The shape of the sprayed ionizing agent is less likely to directly collide with the turbulence promoting plate, and it is allowed to diffuse inside the generator inlet pipe in the form of a mist. Evaporation due to heat is relatively easy, so that the ionized seed agent supplied from the seed supply nozzle inside the generator inlet pipe is uniformly and atomized into the ICD generator. Introduced, the power generation state in the generator is uniformly performed, and the power generation efficiency can be improved. .
[0019]
The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, as the turbulent flow promoting plate in the invention according to claim 1, a spiral groove is provided on a surface that collides with the working fluid.
In the invention according to claim 2, when diffusing by the turbulent flow promoting plate of the seed supply nozzle, by providing a spiral groove on the working fluid contact surface of the turbulent flow promoting plate simultaneously with the ionization seed diffusion. The swirl flow velocity component that cancels out the swirl flow velocity component due to the electromagnetic driving force at the time of ICD power generation is applied to the working fluid in which the ionizing seed agent is diffused in advance, and is generated by the electromagnetic driving force to the working fluid. It is possible to improve the efficiency of the generator by generating a swirling flow that cancels out a decrease in power generation efficiency due to the swirling flow together with the ionizing seed agent in the seed supply nozzle portion.
[0020]
The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that a plurality of small-diameter holes are provided as the turbulent flow promoting plate in the invention according to claim 1.
In such an invention according to claim 3, the radius of the turbulent flow promoting plate is prevented so that the ionized seed agent is not deficient even in the vicinity of the center of the generator inlet pipe with respect to the diffusion of the ionized seed agent by the turbulent flow promoting plate. A plurality of small holes penetrating appropriately are provided in the direction, and the working fluid containing the ionizing seed agent is also supplied from the small holes to the vicinity of the center of the generator inlet pipe. For example, the diffusion of the ionizing seed agent to the outer peripheral side of the generator inlet pipe tends to become a strong degree, whereas the working fluid in which the ionizing seed agent has diffused can be supplied near the center. It is possible to make the diffusion of the ionizing seed agent uniform and improve the efficiency of the generator.
[0021]
The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the outflow side of the working fluid in the hole of the turbulent flow promoting plate in the invention according to claim 3 is tapered with a spread with respect to the hole.
[0022]
In the invention according to claim 4, in the plurality of small holes provided in the turbulent flow promoting plate, an operation including an ionizing seed agent is formed in a tapered shape so as to widen the hole diameter to the outflow side of the working fluid in the hole. The fluid tends to diffuse positively at the hole outlet, so that the ionization seed agent diffusion in the vicinity of the center of the generator inlet pipe also has a possibility of re-condensing the ionization seed agent when passing through the small hole. Can be actively re-spread.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those in FIGS. Only the different parts will be described.
[0024]
That is, the apparatus of the present embodiment corresponds to the invention according to claim 1, uniformizes the cross-sectional distribution of the ionizing seed agent in the generator inlet pipe, and collides with the turbulent flow promoting plate installed in the seed supply nozzle. The ionization seed agent is prevented from condensing due to mist to obtain a mist-like ionization seed agent, and the evaporation of the ionization seed agent can be accelerated simultaneously with the amount of heat from the working fluid.
[0025]
Here, the seed supply nozzle 4b is installed in the central part of the upstream part of the generator inlet pipe 3, as shown in FIG. The cross section thereof is as shown in FIG. 3, and the ionized seed agent 4a supplied from the supply pipe is sprayed into the generator inlet pipe 3 from the ejection hole 4d at the tip of the seed supply nozzle 4b.
[0026]
The working fluid 1 flows inside the generator inlet pipe 3, and the sprayed ionizing seed agent 4 a evaporates to the generator 5 by the amount of heat of the working fluid 1 along the flow of the working fluid 1, and further ionizes. It is guided in a plasma state. Here, since the sprayed ionizing seed agent 4a is small in mass, it tends to gather and flow near the center of the generator inlet pipe 3, so that the turbulence promoting plate 4c is formed at the rear end of the seed supply nozzle 4b. To forcibly diffuse the ionizing seed agent 4a in the cross-sectional direction of the generator inlet pipe. At this time, when the sprayed ionization seed agent 4a comes into direct contact with the turbulent flow promoting plate 4c, the sprayed mist ionization seed agent 4a condenses and becomes large droplets, and the evaporation of the working fluid 1 is incompletely evaporated. Therefore, the installed turbulent flow promoting plate 4 c is formed with an opening angle of 120 degrees or less along the flow direction of the working fluid 1.
[0027]
As a result, the sprayed ionizing seed agent 4a is uniformly diffused inside the generator inlet pipe 3 in the form of a mist, can be evaporated and plasmaized by the heat from the working fluid 1, and introduced into the ICD generator 5. The power generation efficiency will be improved.
[0028]
In the above example, the opening angle of the turbulent flow promoting plate 4c is set to 120 degrees or less, but an appropriate value can be taken under the condition that the uniform diffusion of the ionizing seed agent 4a is performed satisfactorily. As another embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus according to claim 2 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 shows the turbulent flow promoting plate 4c installed in the seed supply nozzle 4b as viewed from the upstream side of the flow of the working fluid 1.
[0029]
Also in the present embodiment, as described in the description of the prior art, the working fluid 1 that has become plasma inside the ICD generator 5 is negatively affected by the electromagnetic driving force via the external magnetic field B. It is bent in the circumferential θ direction. Since this phenomenon results in a reduction in ICD power generation efficiency, an offset swirling flow as proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-66186 flows into the ICD generator 5 inside the generator inlet pipe 3. By providing the working fluid 1 in advance, the power generation efficiency can be improved.
[0030]
In the present embodiment, in order to obtain the same effect as described above inexpensively and easily, the spiral groove 4e is formed on the contact surface of the working fluid 1 of the turbulent flow promoting plate 4c provided in the seed supply nozzle 4b as shown in FIG. By providing, it becomes possible to give the working fluid 1 a swirling flow that cancels out the swirling force due to the electromagnetic driving force together with the diffusion of the ionizing seed agent 4a, and the ICD power generation efficiency is improved.
[0031]
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of claim 3 and shows the turbulence promoting plate 4c as seen from the upstream side of the flow of the working fluid 1 in the same manner as FIG.
A plurality of holes 4f are provided in the radial direction of the turbulent flow promoting plate 4c, and supply and diffusion of the ionizing seed agent 4a to the vicinity of the center of the generator inlet pipe 3 is positively promoted by the holes 4f. By doing so, the uniformity of the diffusion of the ionizing seed agent 4a inside the generator inlet pipe 3 is improved, and the ICD power generation efficiency is improved.
[0032]
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of claim 4 and shows a partial cross section of a representative hole of a plurality of holes 4f provided in the turbulence promoting plate 4c in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, even when condensation of mist particles occurs in the main portion of the ionizing seed agent 4a passing through the main hole 4f, the outlet end is tapered so that it can be re-sprayed at the outlet of the hole 4f. ICD power generation without impairing the uniformity and evaporation of the hole-passing ionizing seed agent 4a even if the mist-like particles are condensed due to the plurality of holes provided in claim 3. Efficiency is improved.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the ionization seed agent is smoothly and uniformly distributed inside the generator inlet pipe by attaching the turbulent flow promoting plate provided in the seed supply nozzle so as to be inclined in the flow direction of the working fluid. And can be introduced into the ICD generator without being condensed by the turbulence promoting plate.
[0034]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide an inexpensive and simple device that uses the turbulence promoting plate of the seed supply nozzle to reduce the swirling flow velocity component that cancels the swirling force due to the electromagnetic driving force in the ICD power generation.
[0035]
Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 3, it is possible to provide an apparatus capable of reliably supplying and supplying the ionizing seed agent even in the vicinity of the center of the generator inlet pipe.
Further, according to the invention of claim 4, even if recondensation of the ionizing seed agent that may be generated by the invention of claim 3 occurs, a device capable of respraying can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a magnetohydrodynamic power generation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a seed supply nozzle in the same embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a seed supply nozzle in the same embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a turbulence promoting plate of a seed supply nozzle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a turbulence promoting plate for a seed supply nozzle according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a turbulent flow promoting plate hole cross section of a seed supply nozzle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a conventional ICD power generator.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining the principle of power generation in a general ICD power generation apparatus.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a general ICD power generator.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of a general ICD power generator.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a general seed supply nozzle.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Working fluid, 2 ... High temperature heat exchanger, 3 ... Generator inlet pipe, 3a ... Discharge pipe, 4 ... Seed agent injection device, 4a ... Ionization seed agent, 4b ... Seed supply nozzle, 4c ... Turbulence promotion plate, 4d ... ejection hole, 4e ... spiral groove, 4f ... hole, 5 ... ICD generator, 5a ... external magnetic field application device, 6 ... cooler, 7 ... compressor, 11 ... upper disk, 12 ... lower disk, 13 ... super Sonic nozzle, 13a ... channel inlet, 13b ... throat portion, 13c ... ICD channel, 14a, 14b ... electrode, 15 ... external circuit, B ... external magnetic field.

Claims (4)

A first disk portion is provided so as to include a discharge port of a generator inlet pipe having an ionization seed supply nozzle, and a second disk portion is disposed so as to face the first disk portion and the discharge port. By applying a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction to the working fluid that circulates radially in the flow path formed by the gap between the first and second disk parts, the working fluid and the magnetic field In the magnetohydrodynamic power generation device that generates an electromotive force proportional to the flow velocity in the flow direction via electromagnetic induction,
A spray hole provided on the upstream side in the working fluid flow direction of the ionization seed supply nozzle to spray the ionization seed;
Enlarged tubular turbulent flow on the downstream side of the working fluid of the ionizing seed supply nozzle, disposed so as to resist the flow of the working fluid, and having a spread having a predetermined opening angle along the working fluid flow direction An electromagnetic fluid power generation device comprising an acceleration plate.   The magnetohydrodynamic power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the turbulent flow promoting plate is provided with a spiral groove on a surface that collides with the working fluid.   The magnetohydrodynamic generator according to claim 1, wherein the turbulent flow promoting plate is provided with a plurality of small-diameter holes.   4. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation device according to claim 3, wherein the turbulent flow promoting plate has a tapered shape in which the outflow side of the working fluid in the hole is widened with respect to the hole.

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