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JP3934263B2 - Hard film and hard film coated member with excellent wear resistance - Google Patents
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JP3934263B2 - Hard film and hard film coated member with excellent wear resistance - Google Patents

Hard film and hard film coated member with excellent wear resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3934263B2
JP3934263B2 JP30593798A JP30593798A JP3934263B2 JP 3934263 B2 JP3934263 B2 JP 3934263B2 JP 30593798 A JP30593798 A JP 30593798A JP 30593798 A JP30593798 A JP 30593798A JP 3934263 B2 JP3934263 B2 JP 3934263B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
layer
film
hard film
wear resistance
hard
Prior art date
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JP30593798A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000129466A (en
Inventor
保之 山田
太一 青木
裕介 田中
精一郎 北浦
泰崇 岡崎
夏樹 一宮
元基 松本
浩一 前田
俊樹 佐藤
龍哉 安永
兼司 山本
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Priority to JP30593798A priority Critical patent/JP3934263B2/en
Application filed by Kobe Steel Ltd filed Critical Kobe Steel Ltd
Priority to DE69924341T priority patent/DE69924341T2/en
Priority to US09/304,055 priority patent/US6296928B1/en
Priority to EP99108517A priority patent/EP0999290B1/en
Priority to KR1019990015983A priority patent/KR100633286B1/en
Priority to AT99108517T priority patent/ATE291648T1/en
Publication of JP2000129466A publication Critical patent/JP2000129466A/en
Priority to HK00106521.5A priority patent/HK1027383B/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、フライス加工,切削加工,穿孔加工等の加工に使用される切削工具の表面被覆材、或は金型,軸受け,ダイス,ロールなど高硬度が要求される耐摩耗部材の表面被覆材、もしくは成形機用スクリューやシリンダ等の耐熱・耐食部材の表面被覆材として有用な硬質皮膜に関し、更には該硬質皮膜を被覆することによって優れた耐摩耗性を発揮する硬質皮膜被覆部材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
高速度工具や超硬合金工具など高い耐摩耗性が要求される切削工具は、工具の基材表面にTiNやTiCN等の硬質皮膜を形成することにより耐摩耗性の向上が図られている。
【0003】
また、上記硬質皮膜より一層優れた耐摩耗性を発揮する皮膜として、(Ti,Al)N膜が開発され、高硬度材の切削や、高速切削に用いる工具に使用されている。
【0004】
更に、硬質皮膜の開発は上記(Ti,Al)N膜の様な3元系の複合材料にとどまらず、4元系の複合材料による耐摩耗性改善技術も提案されている。例えば、特開平3−120354号,特開平10−18024号,特公平5−88309号,特開平10−237628号公報等に開示されている(Ti,Al,V)N系の膜がある。但し、この硬質皮膜は、S50C等の炭素鋼に代表される低硬度鋼材の切削においては優れた耐摩耗性を示すが、基材との密着性に乏しく剥離し易いことから、TiNの中間層を挿入したり、膜厚方向にAlとVの組成を変化させる傾斜組成化を図ることによって密着性の改善が試みられている。しかしながら、これらの改善技術を用いても密着性は十分ではなく、またSKD61等の焼入れ鋼といった高硬度鋼材の切削では、むしろ(Ti,Al)Nよりも耐摩耗性が劣ることが指摘されていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記事情に着目してなされたものであって、耐摩耗性及び密着性に優れた硬質皮膜と、上記硬質皮膜が形成された硬質皮膜被覆部材を提供しようとするものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を達成した本発明とは、基材表面に形成される硬質皮膜であって、
基材側に形成される第1層の組成は、
(Alx Ti1-x )(Ny1-y
但し0.25≦x≦0.75,0.6≦y≦1
であり、
表面側に積層された第2層の組成は
(Alp Tiqr )(Nu1-u
但し、p,q,rは0.20≦p,0.20≦q,
0.1≦r≦0.5,p+q+r=1を満足し、0.6≦u≦1
であることを要旨とするものである。
【0007】
更に、請求項1に記載の前記第1層と前記第2層の間に、4a,5a,6a族の金属(Ti,Zr,Hf,V,Nb,Ta,Cr,Mo,W)からなる中間層を500nm以下の厚みで形成するか、或いはAlx Tiyz (但し、0.20≦x≦0.75,0.20≦y≦0.75,0≦z≦0.5,x+y+z=1)からなる中間層を500nm以下の厚みで形成すれば、より優れた密着性が得られるので望ましい。
【0008】
上記皮膜全体の厚さは、0.8〜50μmとすることが望ましく、本発明に係る上記硬質皮膜が形成されたなる硬質皮膜被覆部材は、優れた耐摩耗性を発揮する。尚、上記硬質皮膜を工具上に形成する場合には、20μm以下の厚さとすることが望ましい。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは、耐摩耗性及び密着性に優れた硬質皮膜の開発を目的として、鋭意研究を重ねた。その結果、基材表面に形成される硬質皮膜において、
基材側に(Alx Ti1-x )(Ny1-y
但し0.25≦x≦0.75,0.6≦y≦1
で第1層を形成し、その上に形成する第2層の組成を、
(Alp Tiqr )(Nu1-u
但し、p,q,rは0.20≦p,0.20≦q,
0.1≦r≦0.5,p+q+r=1を満足し、0.6≦u≦1
とすれば、非常に耐摩耗性に優れた硬質皮膜を基材上に密着性良く形成できることを見出し、本発明に想到した。
【0010】
本発明に係る硬質皮膜が、優れた密着性を発揮する理由は、(Alx Ti1-x )(Ny1-y )の皮膜からなる第1層を、基材と(Alp Tiqr )(Nu1-u )膜の間に形成することにより応力が緩和されるからであると考えられる。
【0011】
本発明において、基材側に形成される第1層の組成は、
(Alx Ti1-x )(Ny1-y
但し0.25≦x≦0.75,0.6≦y≦1
とすることが必要である。
【0012】
本発明において、xの範囲を0.25以上0.75以下に限定した理由は、以下の通りである。TiCNの結晶構造は、金属元素であるTi原子と、非金属元素であるC原子またはN原子とが3次元的に交互に並んだ岩塩(NaCl)型構造をとっている。このTiCNにVやAlを添加していくと、VやAlは岩塩型構造を組んでいるTiCNのTiのサイトに置換型で入ると考えられるが、VやAlはTiよりも原子半径が小さいために、VやAlの添加量が増加すると共に(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)の格子定数は小さくなる。一方、(Al,Ti)(N,C)も岩塩型構造をとっており、Alの添加量が増えると、(Al,Ti)(N,C)の格子定数は小さくなる。後述する様な耐摩耗性で優れた性能を示す(Alp Tiqr )(N,C)の組成範囲(0.20≦p,0.20≦q,0.1≦r≦0.5)における(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)の格子定数と、xの範囲が0.25以上0.75以下の(Alx ,Ti1-x)(N,C)の格子定数とが近い値を示すため、同じ岩塩型構造をとる(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)と(Al,Ti)(N,C)の格子のミスマッチが小さくなり、このため(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)の応力が緩和され優れた密着性を示すと考えられる。更にxの範囲が0.25以上0.75以下では、(Al,Ti)(N,C)の硬度も最も高くなり、優れた耐摩耗性を示す。また、xの値が0.75を超えると、(Alx Ti1-x )(Ny1-y )の結晶構造が立方晶(岩塩型結晶構造)から第2層の(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)と異なる六方晶に変化して、十分な密着力が得られなくなると共に、硬度も大幅に低下してしまう。なお、より高い密着性及び硬度を得る上で、xの範囲は0.40≦x≦0.70が望ましく、0.56≦x≦0.65であればより望ましい。
【0013】
またyの値は、0.6未満では、(Alx Ti1-x )(Ny1-y )膜の靭性が低下し、十分な密着力が得られないので0.6≦y≦1とすることが必要である。
【0014】
本発明において、第2層の組成は、
(Alp Tiqr )(Nu1-u
但し、p,q,rは0.20≦p,0.20≦q,
0.1≦r≦0.5,p+q+r=1を満足し、0.6≦u≦1
とすることが必要である。
【0015】
第2層の組成範囲を上記の通り設定した理由は、後述する実施例からも分かる様に、上記のp,q,r,vの範囲において膜硬度は高くなり、本発明の効果を十分に発揮することができるからである。尚、p/qの値が1.0以上1.6以下であると、より高い硬度が得られるので望ましい。
【0016】
またuの値が0.6未満では、(Al,Ti,V)(Nu1-u )膜の靭性が低下し、十分な密着力が得られなくなるので、0.6≦u≦1であることが必要である。
【0017】
更に、請求項1に記載の前記第1層と前記第2層の間に、4a,5a,6a族の金属またはAlx Tiyz (但し、0.20≦x≦0.75,0.20≦y≦0.75,0≦z≦0.5,x+y+z=1)からなる中間層を形成すれば、より優れた密着性が得られるので望ましい。
【0018】
本発明において、上記第1層と第2層の中間層として4a,5a,6a族の金属を用いることにより皮膜が優れた密着性を発揮する理由は、これらの金属は、▲1▼融点が1600℃以上と高いからであり、低融点の金属を用いると中間層形成時に溶融塊ができて平滑に薄膜を形成することができないが、上記の高融点金属を蒸発源として用いて中間層を形成すれば溶融塊が発生し難く平滑で均一な膜を得ることができること、▲2▼活性金属であり、(Al,Ti)Nや(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)との親和性が高いこと、▲3▼(Al,Ti)Nや(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)に比べ軟らかいために、これらの膜の応力を緩和する効果があること等の理由により、より強い密着力が得られるからである。
【0019】
また、上記第1層と第2層の中間層としてAlTiV合金を用いることにより硬質皮膜が優れた密着性を示すのは、合金Alx Tiyz を、基材と(Alp Tiqr )(Nu1-u )膜の間に形成することで、▲1▼応力が緩和されること、▲2▼第1層のAlTiV合金が第2層の(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)膜の生成核となり親和性を増すこと、▲3▼AlTiV合金と(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)の界面に拡散層ができること等の理由から、より強い密着力が得られるからであると考えられる。
【0020】
AlTiV合金層の組成比については、第2層の(Al,Ti,V)(N,C)膜の金属元素の組成比と近いものが密着力向上の観点から望ましいので、第2層中のAl,Ti,V比と同じ範囲にすることが望ましい。但し、V量(zの値)に関しては、Vが高価であり、またz=0でも十分な密着力が得られることから0≦z≦0.5とすればよい。
【0021】
但し、本発明に係る中間層は表面側の第2層に比べると軟らかく、中間層が厚過ぎると、切削等による摩擦抵抗に耐え切れず剥離が発生する場合があるので、中間層は500nm以下とすることが望ましい。
【0022】
本発明に係る硬質皮膜の厚さは、薄過ぎると耐摩耗性が不十分となるので皮膜全体の厚さで0.8μm以上が望ましく、一方厚過ぎると膜自体にクラックが入り易くなって強度が不十分となるので皮膜全体の厚さは50μm以下とすることが望ましい。尚、第1層の厚みは、十分な密着性を得るためには0.01μm以上が望ましく、更に十分な耐摩耗性を発揮させるには0.4μm以上であることが望ましい。一方、第2層の厚みは、十分な耐摩耗性を得る上で、0.4μm以上とすることが望ましい。
【0023】
また、本発明に係る硬質皮膜を形成する方法としては、アークイオンプレーティング法を採用することが推奨される。その理由は、イオン化効率を高くすることや反応性を高めること、又は基板にバイアス電圧を印加することなどによって一層密着性の優れた皮膜を得ることができるからである。またカソードとして目的とする組成比の合金ターゲットを用いれば、皮膜組成のコントロールが容易であり推奨される。
【0024】
尚、本発明の硬質皮膜は切削工具の表面に形成することにより非常に優れた効果を発揮するが、皮膜が厚過ぎると切れ味が低下しチッピング等が発生するので、切削工具に適用する場合には、皮膜の厚さを20μm以下とすることが望ましい。
【0025】
また、本発明は硬質皮膜を被覆する基材の材質を限定するものではないが、基材表面に密着性よく被覆して優れた耐摩耗性を発揮させるためには、超硬合金,高速度工具鋼,ダイス鋼,サーメットまたはセラミック等の硬質物質が適している。
【0026】
以下実施例について説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に限定されるものではなく、前・後記の趣旨に徴して適宜変更することは本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。
【0027】
【実施例】
実施例1
超硬チップをアークイオンプレーティング装置内に置き、真空排気を行い、ヒータによって炉内雰囲気温度を約400℃で60分間保持した。その後、ワークに−150Vのバイアス電圧を印加すると共に、炉内に高純度のN2 ガスまたはN2 /CH4 混合ガスを7.0×10-3torrとなるまで導入し、種々の組成を有するTiAlカソードを用いてアーク放電を行い、表1に示す組成の第1層を成膜した。その後、種々の組成を有するAlTiVカソードを用いてアーク放電を行い、表1に示す組成の第2層を成膜した。また一部の例では、上記第1層と第2層の間に、4a,5a,6a族の金属層またはAlTi(V)合金層を形成した。
【0028】
得られた試験片について、マイクロビッカース硬度計により荷重0.98Nにおける硬度を測定した。各組成ごとに5回の測定を行い、平均を算出した。結果は表1に示す。
【0029】
【表1】

Figure 0003934263
【0030】
本発明例であるNo.1〜7及びNo.13〜20は硬度が高い。
No.8〜11は第2層の組成が本発明範囲を満足しない場合の比較例であり、いずれも硬度が低い。No.12は、硬質皮膜の膜厚が厚過ぎる場合の比較例であり、皮膜が割れてしまい硬度の測定はできなかった。
【0031】
No.21,22は従来例であり、No.21では硬度が低く、No.22では皮膜が割れてしまい硬度の測定はできなかった。
【0032】
実施例2
平坦な超硬基板上に、実施例1と同様の方法で、表2に示す組成及び膜厚の層構成を有する硬質皮膜を形成した。皮膜の組成は、電子プローブX線マイクロアナリシス及びオージェ電子分光法により確認した。
【0033】
得られた試験片を用いてスクラッチテストを行い、夫々の皮膜の密着性を評価した。具体的には膜損傷時のAE信号の変化とテスト後の光学顕微鏡観察によって皮膜が損傷した荷重を密着力とした。結果は各サンプル3回のスクラッチテストの平均であり、表2に示す。
【0034】
【表2】
Figure 0003934263
【0035】
本発明例であるNo.1〜7では臨界荷重が高く、超硬基板上に形成された硬質皮膜の密着性が非常に優れている。更に、第1層と第2層の間に、本発明に係る中間層を有する本発明例No.12〜19は、より優れた密着性を示している。
【0036】
No.8〜10は第1層の組成が本発明範囲を満足しない場合の比較例であり、いずれも密着力が小さい。No.11は、硬質皮膜の膜厚が厚過ぎる場合の比較例であり、密着性が非常に乏しい。No.20は中間層のAl含有量が多過ぎ、またNo.21は中間層の厚さが厚過ぎる場合の比較例であり、いずれの密着性も低い。
【0037】
No.22〜24は従来例であり、No.22,23は第1層が形成されておらず、No.24は第1層としてTiNが形成されている従来例であるが、いずれも本発明例に比べて硬質皮膜の密着性が大幅に劣ることが分かる。
【0038】
実施例3
耐摩耗性の評価を目的として、ボールオンディスク試験を実施した。ボールとしては、鏡面仕上げした直径10mmの超硬球の表面に実施例1と同様の方法により表3に示す組成及び層を有する皮膜を形成した超硬球を用い、S55C製のディスクに対し、荷重10N、摺動速度1m/sec 、温度500℃、摺動距離500mの条件で摺動試験を行い、摩耗量と摩擦係数を測定した。なお摩耗量は超硬球に生じた摺動痕の幅をとった。結果は表3に示す。
【0039】
【表3】
Figure 0003934263
【0040】
No.1〜7,No.17〜24は本発明例であり、No.8〜16,No.25〜26は比較例、No.27〜29は従来例である。本発明例は比較例及び従来例に対し、摩耗量が非常に小さいことが分かる。これは本発明に係る硬質皮膜の密着性が優れるためであると考えられる。
【0041】
実施例4
超硬合金製ボールエンドミル(径5R)に対し、実施例1と同様の方法により表4に組成及び膜厚を示す硬質皮膜を形成し、切削試験を行った。切削試験に用いた被削材はS55Cであり、切削速度は98m/min、送りは1刃あたり0.05mm、切り込み量はピックフィード0.5mm、軸方向切り込みは4.0mmで、エアブローしながらダウンカットにて切削を行い、切削長50mを加工した後の先端部と境界部の摩耗量を測定した。結果は表4に示す。
【0042】
【表4】
Figure 0003934263
【0043】
No.1〜7,No.17〜24は本発明例であり、No.8〜16,No.25〜26は比較例、No.27〜29は従来例である。本発明例は、先端部と境界部のいずれにおいても比較例及び従来例と比べて摩耗量が非常に小さく、優れた耐摩耗性を発揮することが分かる。
【0044】
実施例5
実施例4と同じ超硬合金製ボールエンドミル(径5R)に対し、実施例1と同様の方法により表4に組成及び膜厚を示す硬質皮膜を形成し、SKD61(硬さ:HRC52)を被削材として切削試験を行った。切削試験における切削速度は308m/min、送りは1刃あたり0.05mm、切り込み量はピックフィード0.5mm、軸方向切り込みは4.0mmで、エアブローしながらダウンカットにて切削を行い、切削長100mを加工した後の先端部と境界部の摩耗量を測定した。結果は表5に示す。
【0045】
【表5】
Figure 0003934263
【0046】
No.1,2は本発明例であり、No.3,4は従来例である。本発明例は、(Al,Ti)Nからなる第1層の上に(Al,Ti,V)Nを形成することで、SKD61の様な硬い被削材に対しても優れた性能を示すことが分かる。
【0047】
実施例6
高速度鋼製JIS標準ストレートドリル(外径φ6.0mm)に対し、実施例1と同様の方法により表6に示す硬質皮膜を形成し、切削試験を行った。被削材としてはS50Cを用い、切削速度30m/min、送り0.18mm/rev.、切削油はエマルションという切削条件にて穴深さ16mmの貫通穴を穿孔し、寿命までの穴明け数を調べた。各皮膜につき3本の切削試験を行い、穴明け数の平均を算出した。結果は表6に示す。
【0048】
【表6】
Figure 0003934263
【0049】
No.1〜7,No.17〜24は本発明例であり、No.8〜16,No.25〜26は比較例、No.27〜29は従来例である。本発明例は、比較例及び従来例と比べて大幅に寿命が改善されていることが分かる。これは、本発明に係る皮膜を形成したドリルでは、耐摩耗性及び密着性が非常に優れているからであると考えられる。
【0050】
実施例7
炭窒化チタン基サーメット製フライス加工用チップ(SDKN42,JISP10)に対し、実施例1と同様の方法により表7に示す硬質皮膜を形成し、切削試験を行った。切削試験に用いた被削材はS50Cであり、切削速度は200m/min、送りは1刃あたり0.15mm、切り込み量は2.0mm、乾式にて切削を行い、切削長50mでの逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。結果は表7に示す。
【0051】
【表7】
Figure 0003934263
【0052】
No.1〜7,No.17〜24は本発明例であり、No.8〜16,No.25〜26は比較例、No.27〜29は従来例である。本発明例は、比較例及び従来例と比べて逃げ面摩耗幅が非常に小さく、優れた耐摩耗性を発揮し、長寿命であることが分かる。
【0053】
実施例8
Al23 −TiCセラミックス製の旋削加工用チップに対し、実施例1と同様の方法により表8に示す硬質皮膜を形成し、連続旋削加工での切削試験を行った。切削試験に用いた被削材はFCD45であり、切削速度は300m/min、送りは0.15mm/回転、切り込み量は0.3mm、乾式にて切削を行い、切削長50mでの逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。結果は表8に示す。
【0054】
【表8】
Figure 0003934263
【0055】
No.1〜7,No.17〜24は本発明例であり、No.8〜16,No.25〜26は比較例、No.27〜29は従来例である。本発明例は、比較例及び従来例と比べて逃げ面摩耗幅が非常に小さく、優れた耐摩耗性を発揮し、長寿命であることが分かる。
【0056】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上の様に構成されているので、これまでに開発してきた硬質皮膜の優れた特性を生かしつつ、一段と優れた耐摩耗性及び密着性を発揮する硬質皮膜を提供することが可能となり、更には高い耐摩耗性が要求される部材に上記硬質皮膜を密着性良く被覆した硬質皮膜被覆部材が提供できることとなった。
【0057】
特に切削工具に使用する場合には、本発明皮膜の優れた密着性により、低硬度材の切削においては従来例よりも優れた耐摩耗性が得られると共に、高硬度材の切削においても十分な耐摩耗性が得られ、低硬度材から高硬度材まで切削が可能な切削工具が提供できることとなった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surface covering material for a cutting tool used for milling, cutting, drilling, or the like, or a surface covering material for a wear-resistant member requiring high hardness such as a die, a bearing, a die, or a roll. Or, it relates to a hard coating useful as a surface coating material for heat and corrosion resistant members such as screws and cylinders for molding machines, and further relates to a hard coating coated member that exhibits excellent wear resistance by coating the hard coating. is there.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Cutting tools that require high wear resistance, such as high-speed tools and cemented carbide tools, have improved wear resistance by forming a hard film such as TiN or TiCN on the surface of the tool substrate.
[0003]
In addition, a (Ti, Al) N film has been developed as a film exhibiting much more excellent wear resistance than the hard film, and is used for cutting high-hardness materials and tools used for high-speed cutting.
[0004]
Furthermore, the development of hard coatings is not limited to ternary composite materials such as the above (Ti, Al) N film, and wear resistance improvement techniques using quaternary composite materials have also been proposed. For example, there are (Ti, Al, V) N-based films disclosed in JP-A-3-120354, JP-A-10-18024, JP-B-5-88309, JP-A-10-237628, and the like. However, this hard coating shows excellent wear resistance in cutting of low hardness steel materials represented by carbon steel such as S50C, but has poor adhesion to the substrate and is easy to peel off. Attempts have been made to improve the adhesion by inserting gradients or by making a gradient composition that changes the composition of Al and V in the film thickness direction. However, it has been pointed out that even if these improved techniques are used, the adhesion is not sufficient, and that the wear resistance is inferior to that of (Ti, Al) N in the cutting of hard steel materials such as hardened steel such as SKD61. It was.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above circumstances, and intends to provide a hard film excellent in wear resistance and adhesion, and a hard film coated member on which the hard film is formed.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention that has achieved the above problems is a hard film formed on the surface of the substrate,
The composition of the first layer formed on the substrate side is:
(Al x Ti 1-x ) (N y C 1-y )
However, 0.25 ≦ x ≦ 0.75, 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1
And
The composition of the second layer laminated on the surface side is (Al p Ti q V r ) (N u C 1-u )
However, p, q, and r are 0.20 ≦ p, 0.20 ≦ q,
0.1 ≦ r ≦ 0.5, p + q + r = 1 is satisfied, and 0.6 ≦ u ≦ 1
This is the gist.
[0007]
Furthermore, between the said 1st layer and said 2nd layer of Claim 1, it consists of a 4a, 5a, 6a group metal (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W). The intermediate layer is formed with a thickness of 500 nm or less, or Al x Ti y V z (where 0.20 ≦ x ≦ 0.75, 0.20 ≦ y ≦ 0.75, 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.5, If an intermediate layer made of x + y + z = 1) is formed with a thickness of 500 nm or less, it is desirable because better adhesion can be obtained.
[0008]
The thickness of the entire film is preferably 0.8 to 50 μm, and the hard film-coated member formed with the hard film according to the present invention exhibits excellent wear resistance. In addition, when forming the said hard film | membrane on a tool, it is desirable to set it as thickness of 20 micrometers or less.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies for the purpose of developing a hard film having excellent wear resistance and adhesion. As a result, in the hard film formed on the substrate surface,
(Al x Ti 1-x ) (N y C 1-y ) on the substrate side
However, 0.25 ≦ x ≦ 0.75, 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1
The first layer is formed with the composition of the second layer formed thereon,
(Al p Ti q V r ) (N u C 1-u )
However, p, q, and r are 0.20 ≦ p, 0.20 ≦ q,
0.1 ≦ r ≦ 0.5, p + q + r = 1 is satisfied, and 0.6 ≦ u ≦ 1
Then, the present inventors have found that a hard film having excellent wear resistance can be formed on a substrate with good adhesion, and have arrived at the present invention.
[0010]
The reason why the hard coating film according to the present invention exhibits excellent adhesion is that the first layer formed of the coating film of (Al x Ti 1-x ) (N y C 1-y ) is formed on the base material and (Al p Ti This is considered to be because the stress is relaxed by forming between the qVr ) ( NuC1 -u ) films.
[0011]
In the present invention, the composition of the first layer formed on the substrate side is:
(Al x Ti 1-x ) (N y C 1-y )
However, 0.25 ≦ x ≦ 0.75, 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1
Is necessary.
[0012]
In the present invention, the reason why the range of x is limited to 0.25 or more and 0.75 or less is as follows. The crystal structure of TiCN has a rock salt (NaCl) type structure in which Ti atoms that are metal elements and C atoms or N atoms that are nonmetal elements are alternately arranged three-dimensionally. When V or Al is added to this TiCN, it is thought that V and Al enter the TiCN Ti site of the rock salt structure in a substitutional form, but V and Al have a smaller atomic radius than Ti. Therefore, the lattice constant of (Al, Ti, V) (N, C) decreases as the addition amount of V or Al increases. On the other hand, (Al, Ti) (N, C) also has a rock salt structure, and the lattice constant of (Al, Ti) (N, C) decreases as the amount of Al added increases. The composition range (0.20 ≦ p, 0.20 ≦ q, 0.1 ≦ r ≦ 0.) Of (Al p Ti q V r ) (N, C) showing excellent performance with wear resistance as described later. 5) (Al, Ti, V) (N, C) lattice constant and (Al x , Ti 1-x ) (N, C) lattice constant in the range of x from 0.25 to 0.75 And (Al, Ti, V) (N, C) and (Al, Ti) (N, C) lattice mismatch is reduced, and therefore (Al, Ti, V) (N It is considered that the stress of Ti, V) (N, C) is relaxed and exhibits excellent adhesion. Further, when the range of x is 0.25 or more and 0.75 or less, the hardness of (Al, Ti) (N, C) is the highest and shows excellent wear resistance. When the value of x exceeds 0.75, the crystal structure of (Al x Ti 1-x ) (N y C 1-y ) changes from cubic (rock salt type crystal structure) to (Al, Ti , V) and hexagonal crystals different from (N, C), a sufficient adhesion cannot be obtained, and the hardness is greatly reduced. In order to obtain higher adhesion and hardness, the range of x is preferably 0.40 ≦ x ≦ 0.70, and more preferably 0.56 ≦ x ≦ 0.65.
[0013]
On the other hand, if the value of y is less than 0.6, the toughness of the (Al x Ti 1-x ) (N y C 1-y ) film decreases and sufficient adhesion cannot be obtained, so 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1 is required.
[0014]
In the present invention, the composition of the second layer is
(Al p Ti q V r ) (N u C 1-u )
However, p, q, and r are 0.20 ≦ p, 0.20 ≦ q,
0.1 ≦ r ≦ 0.5, p + q + r = 1 is satisfied, and 0.6 ≦ u ≦ 1
Is necessary.
[0015]
The reason why the composition range of the second layer is set as described above is that the film hardness becomes high in the above-described ranges of p, q, r, and v, as can be seen from the examples described later, and the effects of the present invention are sufficiently obtained. It is because it can be demonstrated. A p / q value of 1.0 or greater and 1.6 or less is desirable because higher hardness can be obtained.
[0016]
On the other hand, if the value of u is less than 0.6, the toughness of the (Al, Ti, V) (N u C 1-u ) film is lowered and sufficient adhesion cannot be obtained, so 0.6 ≦ u ≦ 1 It is necessary to be.
[0017]
Further, a metal of group 4a, 5a, 6a or Al x Ti y V z (where 0.20 ≦ x ≦ 0.75, 0 ) is provided between the first layer and the second layer according to claim 1. .. 20 ≦ y ≦ 0.75, 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.5, x + y + z = 1) is preferable because better adhesion can be obtained.
[0018]
In the present invention, the reason why the film exhibits excellent adhesion by using a metal of group 4a, 5a, or 6a as the intermediate layer between the first layer and the second layer is that these metals have a melting point of (1): This is because when the metal having a low melting point is used, a molten lump is formed at the time of forming the intermediate layer and a thin film cannot be formed smoothly. However, the intermediate layer is formed by using the above high melting point metal as an evaporation source. If formed, a smooth and uniform film can be obtained with little formation of molten mass. (2) Affinity with active metals and (Al, Ti) N and (Al, Ti, V) (N, C) Because of its high performance and (3) softer than (Al, Ti) N and (Al, Ti, V) (N, C), it has the effect of relieving the stress of these films. This is because stronger adhesion can be obtained.
[0019]
Further, the use of an AlTiV alloy as an intermediate layer between the first layer and the second layer shows that the hard coating exhibits excellent adhesion because the alloy Al x Ti y V z is bonded to the base material (Al p Ti q V r) (N u C 1- u) by forming between the membrane, ▲ 1 ▼ the stress is relieved, ▲ 2 ▼ AlTiV alloy of the first layer of the second layer (Al, Ti, V) (N, C) Increases affinity by forming a nucleus of the film, and (3) Stronger adhesion due to the fact that a diffusion layer is formed at the interface between the AlTiV alloy and (Al, Ti, V) (N, C). Is considered to be obtained.
[0020]
The composition ratio of the AlTiV alloy layer is preferably close to the composition ratio of the metal element of the (Al, Ti, V) (N, C) film of the second layer from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion, so It is desirable to make it the same range as Al, Ti, V ratio. However, regarding V amount (value of z), V is expensive and sufficient adhesion can be obtained even when z = 0, and 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.5 may be satisfied.
[0021]
However, the intermediate layer according to the present invention is softer than the second layer on the surface side, and if the intermediate layer is too thick, it may not be able to withstand the frictional resistance due to cutting or the like, and peeling may occur. Is desirable.
[0022]
If the thickness of the hard coating according to the present invention is too thin, the wear resistance becomes insufficient, so the thickness of the entire coating is preferably 0.8 μm or more. Is insufficient, it is desirable that the total thickness of the film be 50 μm or less. The thickness of the first layer is desirably 0.01 μm or more in order to obtain sufficient adhesion, and is desirably 0.4 μm or more in order to exhibit sufficient wear resistance. On the other hand, the thickness of the second layer is preferably 0.4 μm or more in order to obtain sufficient wear resistance.
[0023]
In addition, it is recommended to adopt an arc ion plating method as a method of forming the hard coating according to the present invention. The reason is that it is possible to obtain a film having further excellent adhesion by increasing ionization efficiency, increasing reactivity, or applying a bias voltage to the substrate. If an alloy target having a desired composition ratio is used as the cathode, it is easy to control the coating composition and it is recommended.
[0024]
The hard coating of the present invention exhibits a very excellent effect when formed on the surface of a cutting tool, but when the coating is too thick, the sharpness is reduced and chipping occurs. The film thickness is desirably 20 μm or less.
[0025]
In addition, the present invention does not limit the material of the base material on which the hard film is coated, but in order to provide excellent wear resistance by coating the base material surface with good adhesion, cemented carbide, high speed Hard materials such as tool steel, die steel, cermet or ceramic are suitable.
[0026]
Hereinafter, examples will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and it is included in the technical scope of the present invention to appropriately change in accordance with the spirit described above and below.
[0027]
【Example】
Example 1
The carbide tip was placed in an arc ion plating apparatus, evacuated, and the furnace atmosphere temperature was maintained at about 400 ° C. for 60 minutes by a heater. Thereafter, a bias voltage of −150 V is applied to the workpiece, and a high-purity N 2 gas or N 2 / CH 4 mixed gas is introduced into the furnace until it becomes 7.0 × 10 −3 torr. Arc discharge was performed using a TiAl cathode having a first layer having the composition shown in Table 1. Thereafter, arc discharge was performed using AlTiV cathodes having various compositions, and a second layer having the composition shown in Table 1 was formed. In some examples, a 4a, 5a, 6a group metal layer or an AlTi (V) alloy layer is formed between the first layer and the second layer.
[0028]
About the obtained test piece, the hardness in load 0.98N was measured with the micro Vickers hardness meter. The measurement was performed 5 times for each composition, and the average was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0029]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003934263
[0030]
No. which is an example of the present invention. 1-7 and no. 13-20 have high hardness.
No. 8 to 11 are comparative examples when the composition of the second layer does not satisfy the range of the present invention, and all have low hardness. No. No. 12 is a comparative example in which the film thickness of the hard film is too thick, and the film was cracked and the hardness could not be measured.
[0031]
No. Nos. 21 and 22 are conventional examples. No. 21 has a low hardness. In No. 22, the film was cracked and the hardness could not be measured.
[0032]
Example 2
A hard film having a layer structure having the composition and film thickness shown in Table 2 was formed on a flat carbide substrate in the same manner as in Example 1. The composition of the film was confirmed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis and Auger electron spectroscopy.
[0033]
A scratch test was performed using the obtained test pieces, and the adhesion of each film was evaluated. Specifically, the adhesive force was defined as the load at which the film was damaged by the change in the AE signal when the film was damaged and the optical microscope observation after the test. The results are the average of three scratch tests for each sample and are shown in Table 2.
[0034]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003934263
[0035]
No. which is an example of the present invention. In Nos. 1 to 7, the critical load is high, and the adhesion of the hard film formed on the cemented carbide substrate is very excellent. Furthermore, Invention Example No. 1 having an intermediate layer according to the present invention between the first layer and the second layer. 12-19 have shown the more excellent adhesiveness.
[0036]
No. 8 to 10 are comparative examples in which the composition of the first layer does not satisfy the scope of the present invention, and all have low adhesion. No. 11 is a comparative example when the film thickness of the hard coating is too thick, and the adhesion is very poor. No. No. 20 has too much Al content in the intermediate layer. No. 21 is a comparative example when the thickness of the intermediate layer is too thick, and the adhesion is low.
[0037]
No. Nos. 22 to 24 are conventional examples. No. 22 and 23 are not formed with the first layer. Although 24 is a conventional example in which TiN is formed as the first layer, it can be seen that the adhesiveness of the hard coating is significantly inferior to that of the example of the present invention.
[0038]
Example 3
A ball-on-disk test was conducted for the purpose of evaluating wear resistance. As the ball, a super hard sphere having a surface of a super hard sphere having a diameter of 10 mm and a film having a composition and a layer shown in Table 3 formed by the same method as in Example 1 was used. A load of 10 N was applied to a disk made of S55C. A sliding test was performed under the conditions of a sliding speed of 1 m / sec, a temperature of 500 ° C., and a sliding distance of 500 m, and the amount of wear and the friction coefficient were measured. The amount of wear was the width of a sliding mark generated on the hard ball. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0039]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003934263
[0040]
No. 1-7, no. Nos. 17 to 24 are examples of the present invention. 8-16, no. Nos. 25 to 26 are comparative examples. 27 to 29 are conventional examples. It can be seen that the amount of wear in the inventive example is very small compared to the comparative example and the conventional example. This is considered to be because the adhesiveness of the hard coating according to the present invention is excellent.
[0041]
Example 4
A hard film having the composition and film thickness shown in Table 4 was formed on a cemented carbide ball end mill (diameter 5R) in the same manner as in Example 1, and a cutting test was performed. The work material used for the cutting test was S55C, the cutting speed was 98 m / min, the feed was 0.05 mm per blade, the cutting amount was 0.5 mm pick feed, the axial cutting was 4.0 mm, while air blowing Cutting was performed by down-cutting, and the amount of wear at the tip and boundary after machining a cutting length of 50 m was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0042]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003934263
[0043]
No. 1-7, no. Nos. 17 to 24 are examples of the present invention. 8-16, no. Nos. 25 to 26 are comparative examples. 27 to 29 are conventional examples. It can be seen that the example of the present invention has an extremely small amount of wear at both the tip and the boundary, as compared with the comparative example and the conventional example, and exhibits excellent wear resistance.
[0044]
Example 5
For the same ball end mill (diameter 5R) made of cemented carbide as in Example 4, a hard film having a composition and film thickness is formed in Table 4 by the same method as in Example 1, and coated with SKD61 (hardness: HRC52). A cutting test was performed as a cutting material. Cutting speed in cutting test is 308m / min, feed is 0.05mm per blade, cutting amount is pick feed 0.5mm, axial cutting is 4.0mm, cutting by down cut while blowing air, cutting length The amount of wear at the tip and the boundary after processing 100 m was measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0045]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003934263
[0046]
No. Nos. 1 and 2 are examples of the present invention. 3 and 4 are conventional examples. The example of the present invention shows excellent performance even for a hard work material such as SKD61 by forming (Al, Ti, V) N on the first layer made of (Al, Ti) N. I understand that.
[0047]
Example 6
A hard film shown in Table 6 was formed on a JIS standard straight drill (outer diameter φ 6.0 mm) made of high-speed steel by the same method as in Example 1, and a cutting test was performed. S50C was used as the work material, the cutting speed was 30 m / min, and the feed was 0.18 mm / rev. The cutting oil was drilled through holes with a hole depth of 16 mm under the cutting condition of emulsion, and the number of drilled holes until the end of the service life was examined. Three cutting tests were performed for each film, and the average number of holes was calculated. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0048]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003934263
[0049]
No. 1-7, no. Nos. 17 to 24 are examples of the present invention. 8-16, no. Nos. 25 to 26 are comparative examples. 27 to 29 are conventional examples. It can be seen that the example of the present invention has a significantly improved life compared to the comparative example and the conventional example. This is presumably because the drill having the coating according to the present invention has very excellent wear resistance and adhesion.
[0050]
Example 7
A hard coating film as shown in Table 7 was formed on a titanium carbonitride-based cermet milling chip (SDKN42, JISP10) in the same manner as in Example 1, and a cutting test was performed. The work material used for the cutting test was S50C, the cutting speed was 200 m / min, the feed was 0.15 mm per blade, the cutting depth was 2.0 mm, and the flank face was cut with a dry length of 50 m. The wear width was measured. The results are shown in Table 7.
[0051]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003934263
[0052]
No. 1-7, no. Nos. 17 to 24 are examples of the present invention. 8-16, no. Nos. 25 to 26 are comparative examples. 27 to 29 are conventional examples. It can be seen that the examples of the present invention have a very small flank wear width compared to the comparative example and the conventional example, exhibit excellent wear resistance, and have a long life.
[0053]
Example 8
A hard film shown in Table 8 was formed on a turning tip made of Al 2 O 3 —TiC ceramics by the same method as in Example 1, and a cutting test in continuous turning was performed. The work material used for the cutting test is FCD45, the cutting speed is 300 m / min, the feed is 0.15 mm / rotation, the cutting depth is 0.3 mm, and the flank wear is performed with a cutting length of 50 m. The width was measured. The results are shown in Table 8.
[0054]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003934263
[0055]
No. 1-7, no. Nos. 17 to 24 are examples of the present invention. 8-16, no. Nos. 25 to 26 are comparative examples. 27 to 29 are conventional examples. It can be seen that the examples of the present invention have a very small flank wear width compared to the comparative example and the conventional example, exhibit excellent wear resistance, and have a long life.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to provide a hard film that exhibits more excellent wear resistance and adhesion while taking advantage of the excellent characteristics of the hard film that has been developed so far. Furthermore, it has become possible to provide a hard film-coated member in which a member requiring high wear resistance is coated with the hard film with good adhesion.
[0057]
Especially when used for cutting tools, the excellent adhesion of the coating of the present invention provides superior wear resistance in cutting low-hardness materials than in conventional examples, and is sufficient in cutting high-hardness materials. It was possible to provide a cutting tool that can provide wear resistance and can cut from a low hardness material to a high hardness material.

Claims (6)

基材表面に形成される硬質皮膜であって、
基材側に形成される第1層の組成は、
(Alx Ti1 x )(Ny1 y
但し0.25≦x≦0.75,0.6≦y≦1
であり、
表面側に積層された第2層の組成は
(Alp Tiqr )(Nu1-u
但し、p,q,rは0.20≦p,0.20≦q,
0.1≦r≦0.5,p+q+r=1を満足し、0.6≦u≦1
であることを特徴とする耐摩耗性に優れた硬質皮膜。
A hard film formed on the surface of the substrate,
The composition of the first layer formed on the substrate side is:
(Al x Ti 1 - x) (N y C 1 - y)
However, 0.25 ≦ x ≦ 0.75, 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1
And
The composition of the second layer laminated on the surface side is (Al p Ti q V r ) (N u C 1-u )
However, p, q, and r are 0.20 ≦ p, 0.20 ≦ q,
0.1 ≦ r ≦ 0.5, p + q + r = 1 is satisfied, and 0.6 ≦ u ≦ 1
Hard film with excellent wear resistance characterized by
請求項1に記載の前記第1層と前記第2層の間に、4a,5a,6a族の金属からなる中間層を500nm以下の厚みで形成されてなることを特徴とする耐摩耗性に優れた硬質皮膜。  An intermediate layer made of a metal of group 4a, 5a, 6a is formed between the first layer and the second layer according to claim 1 with a thickness of 500 nm or less. Excellent hard coating. 請求項1に記載の前記第1層と前記第2層の間に、Alx Tiyz (但し、0.20≦x≦0.75,0.20≦y≦0.75,0≦z≦0.5,x+y+z=1)からなる中間層を500nm以下の厚みで形成されてなることを特徴とする耐摩耗性に優れた硬質皮膜。An Al x Ti y V z (where 0.20 ≦ x ≦ 0.75, 0.20 ≦ y ≦ 0.75, 0 ≦) between the first layer and the second layer according to claim 1. A hard film excellent in wear resistance, characterized in that an intermediate layer comprising z ≦ 0.5, x + y + z = 1) is formed with a thickness of 500 nm or less. 皮膜全体の厚さが、0.8〜50μmである請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の硬質皮膜。  The thickness of the whole film | membrane is 0.8-50 micrometers, The hard film | membrane in any one of Claims 1-3. 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の硬質皮膜が形成されてなる硬質皮膜被覆部材。  The hard film coating | coated member in which the hard film in any one of Claims 1-4 is formed. 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の硬質皮膜が20μm以下の厚さで形成されてなる切削工具。  A cutting tool in which the hard coating according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is formed with a thickness of 20 µm or less.
JP30593798A 1998-10-27 1998-10-27 Hard film and hard film coated member with excellent wear resistance Expired - Lifetime JP3934263B2 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP30593798A JP3934263B2 (en) 1998-10-27 1998-10-27 Hard film and hard film coated member with excellent wear resistance
US09/304,055 US6296928B1 (en) 1998-10-27 1999-05-04 Hard coating coated member having excellent wear resistance
EP99108517A EP0999290B1 (en) 1998-10-27 1999-05-04 Wear-resistant coated member
KR1019990015983A KR100633286B1 (en) 1998-10-27 1999-05-04 Covering member having hard coating on its surface excellent in abrasion resistance
DE69924341T DE69924341T2 (en) 1998-10-27 1999-05-04 Wear-resistant coated part
AT99108517T ATE291648T1 (en) 1998-10-27 1999-05-04 WEAR-RESISTANT COATED PART
HK00106521.5A HK1027383B (en) 1998-10-27 2000-10-13 Wear-resistant coated member

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JP30593798A JP3934263B2 (en) 1998-10-27 1998-10-27 Hard film and hard film coated member with excellent wear resistance

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JP4062582B2 (en) * 2001-07-23 2008-03-19 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Hard coating for cutting tool, method for producing the same, and target for forming hard coating
WO2023276066A1 (en) 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 Cutting tool

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