JP3940641B2 - Flat focusing mirror - Google Patents

Description

【００２６】
上記式（１）の条件が満足された場合に、図２の周辺ゾーンの作用に関して以下のように述べることができる。球面の同位相前線Φ１上の各点｛Ａ１，Ｂ１，Ｃ１，・・・，Ｄ１｝における位相、及び平面の同位相前線ＷＳ上の当該各点 ｛Ａ３，Ｂ３，Ｃ３，・・・，Ｄ２｝における位相は、それぞれ｛φＡ１，φＢ１，φＣ１，・・・，φＤ１｝及び｛φＡ３，φＢ３，φＣ３，・・・，φＤ２｝とすれば、これらの点は当該同位相前線の点であるため、以下のような関係が成り立つ：

【００２７】
また、（式１）の条件が満足された場合に、同位相前線ＷＳと同位相前線Φ１との間の相対的な位相差( 位相遅れ) は２π値に等しくなるために、以下の関係も成立する：

【００２８】
このようにして、（式１）の条件が満足された場合に、（式２）及び（式３）の関係が成立するために、周辺ゾーンの反射面の作用によって電磁波の球面の同位相前線Φ１が反射鏡１の開口面上に平面な同位相前線ＷＳに変換されることが明らかとなる。
【００２９】
（式１）の条件を満足させる上述の作用をもつ周辺ゾーンの反射面のプロファイル形状は、図面上に以下のような要領で決定される（図２参照）。まず、周辺ゾーンの反射面の一点Ｃ２の位置を決定することにする。そのために、図２に示したように、焦点Ｆから点Ｃ１を通して直線ＦＫを引く。また、直線ＦＫは同位相前線Φ２と交差する点Ｋにおいて前記同位相前線Φ２に対して接線ＥＮを引く。これによって、角∠ＷＥＮが成立する。つぎに、角∠ＷＥＮの二等分線を引く。次いで前記二等分線が直線ＦＫと交差する点を求め、この点の位置は反射面のプロファイルを形成する一点Ｃ２の位置となる。図２の反射面のプロファイルを形成する全ての残りの点の位置は同様な要領で図面上に決定される。
【００３０】
上述の要領と同様に、中心ゾーンの反射面のプロファイル形状も決定されるが、中心ゾーンの位置などを決定する要領は周辺ゾーンと違うため、以下に、これらの要領の説明を行う。
【００３１】
図３は、中心ゾーン３−１の位置及びその反射面のプロファイル形状を決定する論理を説明する原理図である。図１でみても明らかなように、中心ゾーン３−１はその反射鏡１の中央部分に位置するから、その中心点から片方半分（図１の右方半分）について考える（ただし、この部分と前記中心点を通る垂直軸に対してこの部分に対称的な部分を含む凹面領域全体が反射鏡１の中心ゾーンであることは明らかである。）。図３において、一点鎖線Φ１およびΦ２は反射鏡の焦点Ｆから反射鏡の表面に対向して入射された球面入射波の同位相前線（或いは同一位相面）であるが、Φ１とΦ２間の距離はλ／２であるため、Φ１とΦ２間の位相差はπである。また、太い実線は中心ゾーン３−１の右方半分を表すが、曲線ＧＣ２Ｄ２（Ｇ→Ｃ２→Ｄ２を結ぶ曲線）は中心ゾーン３−１の反射面の右方半分である。
【００３２】
図２と違って、図３中において、直線ＷＳは同位相前線Φ１に対する点Ｗでの接線である。Ｆはこの反射鏡１の焦点であり点Ｗの垂直上方にある。直線ＯＸは同位相前線Φ２に対する点Ｏでの接線であり、Ｘ軸でもある。点Ｅおよび点Ｋは、図２中における点Ｅおよび点Ｋと同様に得られた点である。また、中心ゾーンの反射面のプロファイルを形成する点の位置を求める際、点（図３中の点Ｃ２が相当する）が反射鏡１の中心に近いほど、点Ｅは直線ＷＳに沿って反射鏡１の中心から離れて行く。また点Ｋは点Ｏに近づいて行く。
【００３３】
中心ゾーン３−１の中心ポイントは、中心ゾーン３−１の中央に当たる反射面プロファイルの一番低い点を点Ｇとし、この点Ｇの位置を与える座標をｘ＝０，ｙ＝λ／４とする。この点Ｇの座標を求めるには、点Ｋは点Ｏと重ね、接線ＥＮは軸ＯＸと一致する。また、点Ｅは直線ＷＳに沿って移動し、無限遠の点（図３中Ｅ∞で示す）になることによって、∠ＷＥＮの二等分線は直線ＧＥ∞になる。ここで、直線ＧＥ∞は、軸ＯＸに対する平行線になり、λ／２長の間隔ＷＯの二等分線にもなる。したがって、中心ゾーン３−１の中心点Ｇの座標はｘ＝０，ｙ＝λ／４で与えられる。
【００３４】
中心ゾーン３−１のエンドポイントは、当該中心ゾーン３−１の反射面プロファイルの一番高い点Ｄ２であり、この点Ｄ２は、曲率半径ｒ₀ を持つ球面な同位相前線Φ２と反射鏡の開口面上に置かれた（反射鏡の開口面の位置を示す）直線ＷＳとの交点である。
【００３５】
中心ゾーン３−１の反射面のプロファイルを形成する全ての点の位置を求める要領は図２中の周辺ゾーン３−２，３−３，３−４，・・・におけると同様であり、（式１）と同様な条件を満足させる原理に従っている。このようにして求められた反射鏡１の中心ゾーン３−１の反射面のプロファイル形状の作用によって、電磁波の球面な同位相前線Φ１は、電磁波が反射された後、反射鏡１の開口面上に（直線ＷＳ上に）平面の同位相前線ＷＤ２に変換される。この場合に、図２の周辺ゾーン３−２，３−３，３−４，・・・と同様な原理で、図３の中心ゾーン３−１の反射面の作用によって、同位相前線ＷＤ２と同位相前線Φ１の間の相対的な位相差( 位相遅れ) は２π値に等しくなる、つまり同位前線Φ１上の各点と同位相前線ＷＤ２上の当該各点の間に相対的な位相差は存在しない条件は満たされる。
【００３６】
一例として、中心ゾーン３−１の反射面の中心点Ｇから反射された電磁波は点Ｗにおいて、入射波位相に対して２πの位相遅れをもつことを示す。図３の構成から分かるように、焦点Ｆから入射された電磁波は点Ｗを通過してから、点Ｇから反射されて、Ｙ軸の正方向に伝達し、改めて点Ｗを通過する。また、距離ＷＧは電磁波の波長の４分の１に等しいことも分かる。電磁波は波長の２分の１に等しい往復距離Ｗ→Ｇ→Ｗの経路を伝達することによって、波の位相においてπ値の遅れが生じることも明らかである。すなわち、

である。
【００３７】
さらに、このπの位相遅れに加えて、電磁波は完全導体により反射されることにより、点Ｇにおいてπ値の位相差が生じる。この位相差を含めて、開口面上の点Ｗにおいて平面反射波の位相は球面入射波の位相に対して累計で２π値の位相遅れをもつことが分かる。また、図３の反射面ＧＣ２Ｄ２の中心点Ｇ以外の各点における電磁波反射は、図２で説明したような原理に従っているため、同位相前線Φ１は開口面上に同位相前線ＷＤ２に変換（変形）されている。
【００３８】
次に、本発明の反射鏡１全体のゾーニングを行う要領について説明する。すなわち、反射鏡１の一点を中心点（反射の中心）にして、この中心点を極座標（ρ，φ）の原点とする。また、この一点を中心ゾーンの中心点（中心ポイント）と決定し、中心ゾーンを半径ρ方向の外方へどこまでするのか（エンドポイント）の決定を行う。同様に、各周辺ゾーンを半径方向の外方へどこから（スタートポイント）とどこまで（エンドポイント）にするか（或はするべきなのか）の決定を行い、中心ゾーン及び各周辺ゾーンの反射面形状の決定を行う。これらの処理を反射鏡１のゾーニングという。
【００３９】
図４は本発明におけるゾーニングの原理を説明する図である。ただし、図４の反射鏡のゾーニングは、反射鏡１の中心に合わせた焦点からの球面入射波を想定した場合について行われ、反射鏡１の中心にあたる一点を中心点（極座標の原点）とした特定の一例に対応している。この図においても反射鏡１の中心から右半分について考える。反射鏡１の中心ゾーンを第１ゾーン３−１とし、以下半径ρ方向の外方へ順次第２ゾーン３−２、第３ゾーン３−３、・・・第ｎゾーン３−ｎというようにゾーンが割り当てられる。また、図４に示したように、反射鏡１はＸＹＺ直交座標に置かれ、反射鏡１の本体の表面はＸＺ面上に配置されている。
【００４０】
図４において、図３と同様に、一点鎖線Φ１およびΦ２は反射鏡の焦点Ｆから反射鏡の表面に対向して入射された球面入射波の同位相前線であるが、Φ１とΦ2 間距離はλ／２であるため、Φ１とΦ2 間の位相差はπである。直線ＷＳは同位相前線Φ１に対する点Ｗでの接線である。Ｆはこの反射鏡１の焦点であり点Ｗの垂直上方にある。直線ＯＸは同位相前線Φ２に対する点Ｏでの接線であり、Ｘ軸でもある。
【００４１】
図４に示した一例の場合に、反射鏡１の中心にあたる一点をゾーニング中心点にするので、反射鏡１のゾーニングは、当該反射鏡１の中心から始まり、反射鏡１の縁に向かって行なわれる。反射鏡１の中心部にあたる第１ゾーン（ｎ＝１）３−１の中心ポイントおよびエンドポイントの位置は、図３を参照して行なった説明において述べられている。すなわち、図３にしたがって、ｘ＝０からＤ２のｘ座標までである。
【００４２】
第ｎゾーン（ｎ＝２，３，４，・・・）の境目（スタートポイントおよびエンドポイント）の位置は、以下のようにして求められる。先ず第ｎゾーンのスタートポイントであるＡ点の位置（つまり、第ｎゾーンの反射面の凹面形状の一番低い点の位置）は、ＦＡの曲率半径をもつ同位相前線Φ１がＯＸ軸と交差する点として求められる。ただし、

である。ここで、
ｎ＝２，３，４，・・・
ｒ₀ ：ＸＺ面（反射鏡の本体の表面レベル（ＯＸ軸上のレベル））と焦点Ｆ間の法線上の距離
λ：電磁波の波長
である。
【００４３】
第ｎゾーンのエンドポイントであるＤ点の位置（つまり、第ｎゾーンの反射面の凹面形状の一番高い点の位置）は、ＦＤの曲率半径をもつ同位相前線Φ２が直線ＷＳと交差する点として求められる。ただし、

である。ここで、
ｎ＝２，３，４，・・・
ｒ₀ ：ＸＺ面（反射鏡の本体の表面レベル（ＯＸ軸上のレベル））と焦点Ｆ間の法線上の距離
λ：電磁波の波長
である。
【００４４】
反射鏡１の中心に当たる第１ゾーン（ｎ＝１）の反射面のプロファイル形状は、図３を用いた説明により算出可能である。第ｎゾーン（ｎ＝２，３，４，・・・）の反射面のプロファイル形状は、図２を用いた説明により算出可能である。
【００４５】
以上により求めたゾーニング結果は次の通りとなる。
ゾーン番号： ｎ＝１
ゾーンの中心ポイントおよびエンドポイントの位置（座標）
スタートポイント座標： ρ₁ ^A ＝０
エンドポイント座標： ρ₁ ^D ＝１／２｛λ（４ｒ₀ −λ）｝^1/2
中心ゾーンの曲面形状を、ＸＺ面に対する中心ゾーン３−１の凹凸面（反射面）の相対的な高さｈ₁ で表すと、

ただし、０≦ρ≦ρ₁ ^D である。
ここで、
λ：電磁波の波長
ｒ₀ ：ＸＺ面（反射鏡の本体の表面レベル）と焦点間の法線上の距離
である。
【００４６】
また、反射鏡１の周辺ゾーン３−２，３−３，３−４，・・・の位置およびその反射面のプロファイル形状は次の式で求められる。
ゾーン番号： ｎ≠１，ｎ＝２，３，４，・・・・
ゾーンのスタートポイントおよびエンドポイントの位置（座標）
スタートポイント座標：
ρ_n ^A ＝１／２｛（２ｎ−３）λ（４ｒ₀ ＋（２ｎ−３）λ）｝^1/2
エンドポイント座標：
ρ_n ^D ＝１／２｛（２ｎ−１）λ（４ｒ₀ ＋（２ｎ−３）λ）｝^1/2
とし、
周辺ゾーンの曲面形状を、ＸＺ面に対する周辺ゾーンの凹凸面（反射面）の相対的な高さｈ_n で表すと、

ただし、ρ_n ^A ≦ρ≦ρ_n ^D である。
ここで、
ｎ：中心ゾーン（中心ゾーン番号ｎ＝１）から数えた周辺ゾーン番号（ｎ＝２，３，４，・・・）
λ：電磁波の波長
ｒ₀ ：ＸＺ面（反射鏡の本体の表面レベル）と焦点間の法線上の距離
である。
【００４７】
以上により本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡における各ゾーンおよびその反射面のプロファイル形状が決定される。
【００４８】
（実施例１）
以下、本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡の種々の実施例（使用例）を説明する。本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡は、直接に導体材料（高電導率金属などの材料）を用いること、或いは表面導体層（金属層）を有する誘電体材料を用いることによって製作可能なものである。
【００４９】
図５は本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を反射鏡アンテナ装置の反射鏡として用い、送受信機ユニットなどを収納する収納ボックスの表面に施す例を示す。この収納ボックス１１は、ボックス本体１２と、このボックス本体１２に開閉可能に取り付けられた蓋部材１３とを備えて成る。ボックス本体１２には、送受信機ユニットなどの各種機材が収納される。蓋部材１３は略平板状に形成されるとともに、当該蓋部材１３のボックス内側の面１４には、複数のゾーンを形成するリング形状の凹凸面が同心円状に配置され、各ゾーンの凹面が電磁波の反射面となっている。
【００５０】
このような構成を有するため、収納ボックス１１は、蓋部材１３を開けてこの蓋部材１３が天空を向いた所定の仰角度に固定し、反射鏡の焦平面に電磁波放射および電磁波取込機能に適応した部材を備え、一定の送受信操作を行なうことにより電磁波の送信或いは受信を行なうことができ、通信や放送といったデータ伝送動作を行なうことができる。そして、操作が終了したきは、各種機材を収納ボックス１１内に納めるとともに蓋部材１３を閉めるだけで平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を収納することができる。この場合反射鏡全体が平面構造であるために、収納ボックス内に納められた他の機材に干渉したりすることは極力抑えられ、反射鏡の占める空間も最小限に抑えることができる。
【００５１】
（実施例２）
次に、本発明第２の実施例について説明する。図６は本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡の第２の実施例を示す。この平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡１５は、平板状の本体１６の表面に形成した全ての複数個の凹面１７で反射した所定の周波数の電磁波が反射鏡面の前方の所定の位置に収束するように形成するとともに、前記平板状の本体１６の表面１８の前方へ一定の距離だけ離れた所定の位置に反射部材１９を取り付けて成る。反射部材１９は、電磁波反射面で反射され且つ収束された電磁波を折り返し反射させて反射鏡表面１８の方へ送るためのものである。この反射部材１９は、上記所定の位置に支持部材２０により支持される。
【００５２】
なお、反射部材１９の設置のしかたとしては、図７（ａ）、（ｂ）に示すように、いくつかの態様が考えられる。図７（ａ）の例では、反射部材１９ａは、反射鏡表面１８の前方の、電磁波反射面の焦点Ｆの外側に、反射部材１９ａの凹面を反射鏡表面１８に対向させた状態で取り付けられている。また、反射鏡の略中心部分には電磁波源となる電磁波放射／取込部材２１が取り付けられている。そして、反射部材１９ａは、電磁波放射／取込部材２１から放射された電磁波が反射部材１９ａにより折り返し反射されて電磁波反射面の焦点Ｆに収束するように配置されている。これにより、電磁波放射／取込部材２１から放射された電磁波は、反射部材１９ａにより折り返し反射されて、一旦電磁波反射面の焦点Ｆに収束し、その後発散して、球面波として反射鏡表面１８の全体に到達し、そこで反射された電磁波は平面の同位相前線を持つ平面波となる。
【００５３】
図７（ｂ）の例では、反射部材１９ｂは、反射鏡表面１８の前方の、電磁波反射面の焦点Ｆの内側に、反射部材１９ｂの凸面を反射鏡表面１８に対向させた状態で取り付けられている。また、反射鏡の略中心部分には電磁波源となる電磁波放射／取込部材２２が取り付けられている。そして、反射部材１９ｂは、電磁波放射／取込部材２２から放射された電磁波をあたかも電磁波反射面の焦点Ｆから放射されたような方向へ折り返し反射するように配置されている。これにより、電磁波放射／取込部材２２から放射された電磁波は、反射部材１９ｂにより折り返し反射されて反射鏡表面１８の全体に到達し、そこで反射された電磁波は平面の同位相前線を持つ平面波となる。なお、電磁波放射／取込部材２１および２２は電磁波受信の場合は電磁波の取込み部材となる。
【００５４】
このような構成により、本実施例では、平板状の本体１６側で電磁波の発射或いは電磁波の取り込みと信号検知などの処理動作を行なうことができる。
【００５５】
（実施例３）
次に、本発明第３の実施例について説明する。図８は本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を通信中継車両に適用した第３の実施例を示す。この実施例で使用される平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡２５は、上記第１の実施例或いは第２の実施例における平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡と同様の構成を有する。本実施例においては、車両２６の屋根部２７の外面に平板状の本体２８を取り付け、この平板状の本体２８の表面２９に複数個の反射部（ゾーン）を形成するリング形状の凹凸面を同心状に配置して、これらの各ゾーンの凹面を電磁波の反射面として成る。表面２９に配置した各ゾーンの反射面は全てのゾーンの反射面で反射した電磁波が反射鏡の表面２９の前方に所定の位置に収束するように形成されている。なお、反射鏡折りたたみ構造とし、広げることにより、反射鏡面積を更に増やすこともできる。
【００５６】
このような構成により、車両２６の屋根部２７の面積を反射鏡の全面積或いは反射鏡面積の一部として利用し、これに対応して高い利得をもつロープロファイル反射鏡アンテナを実現可能である。車両２６の屋根部２７に備え付けた反射鏡は電磁波の送受信にあたって必要な仰角度で設置して利用されるものとなるが、車両の移動中に屋根部上に平らに載置された状態で設置されるから車両の外観がすっきりし、且つ強風が吹いたりしてもアンテナが飛ばされるといった心配もない。さらに車両の走行に際してはアンテナによる高さの増大がないために、天頂部分が他の建造物に衝突したり、駐車場への進入が困難になるといった不具合も起こらない。
【００５７】
なお、本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡の通信中継車両への取り付けは、上記のような屋根部２７に限らず、車両２６の側壁などに取り付けることもできる。この場合においてもアンテナが壁面から大きく突出することはなく他の車両に接触したりすることもない。
【００５８】
（実施例４）
次に、本発明第４の実施例について説明する。図９は本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を建造物に取り付けた第４の実施例を示す。この実施例で使用される平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡３０もまた、上記第１の実施例或いは第２の実施例における平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡と同様の構成を有する。本実施例においては、建造物３１の外側壁３２に平板状の本体３３を取り付け、この平板状の本体３３の表面３４に複数個の反射部（ゾーン）を形成するリング形状の凹凸面を同心状に配置して、これらの各ゾーンの凹面を電磁波の反射面として成る。表面３４に配置した各ゾーンの反射面は全てのゾーンの反射面で反射した電磁波が反射鏡の表面３４の前方に所定の位置に収束するように形成されている。このような構成により、建造物３１の外部壁３２の全面積或いは面積の一部を反射鏡の面積として利用し、これに対応して高い利得をもつロープロファイル反射鏡アンテナを実現可能である。
【００５９】
なお、本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡３０の建造物３1 への取り付けは、上記のような外側壁３２に限らず、屋上などに取り付けることもできる。この場合は、建造物３１にアンテナを据え付けるにあたって、ロープロファイルアンテナを簡単に取り付けることができ、設置工事等が簡単且つ安価に行なえる。また、平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡３０を傾斜した屋根に取り付けることもできる。この場合は、屋根の面積の一部或は全部をアンテナの反射鏡面積に用いることができ、これに対応して高い利得をもつ反射鏡アンテナを実現可能である。さらに、屋根の傾斜により反射鏡の傾きを衛星の仰角方向に合わせやすくなる。また、大面積反射鏡の場合でも、風が吹いたりしても、アンテナが飛ばされるといった心配はない。
【００６０】
（実施例５）
図１０および図１１は本発明の第５の実施例として、平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を反射鏡アンテナ装置の反射鏡として用い、これを収納する収納ボックスの別の例を示す。このうち、図１０は収納ボックスを同図中矢印Ｓの方向に完全に開けて裏返しにした状態を示す斜視図であり、図１１は裏返しにした収納ボックスの板部材を広げてボックス自体の外表面とともにアンテナとして使用する、使用状態を示す斜視図である。
【００６１】
この収納ボックス４１は、ボックス本体４２と、このボックス本体４２に開閉可能に取り付けられた蓋部材４３とを備えて成る。収納ボックス４１は、全体として四角い箱形構造を有し、ボックス本体４２の底面および蓋部材４３の上面は略平板状に形成される。また、ボックス本体４２の外側底面には２枚の板部材４４ａ、４４ｂが取り付けられる一方、蓋部材４３の外側上面には２枚の板部材４５ａ、４５ｂが取り付けられている。板部材４４ａ、４４ｂはボックス本体４２の外側底面において、左右両側に分割した状態で据え付けられ、それぞれ左右両端縁部でヒンジ結合されることにより矢印Ｓ１、Ｓ２方向に開閉可能に取り付けられている。板部材４５ａ、４５ｂもまた同様に、蓋部材４３の外側上面において、左右両側に分割した状態で据え付けられ、それぞれ左右両端縁部でヒンジ結合されることにより矢印Ｓ３、Ｓ４方向に開閉可能に取り付けられている。符号４６、４７、４８、４９はそれぞれヒンジ部である。
【００６２】
そして、収納ボックス４１の蓋部材４３を開けて裏返した状態でボックス本体４２の板部材４４ａ、４４ｂおよび蓋部材４３の板部材４５ａ、４５ｂを開くと（図１１）、ボックス本体４２の外側底面、蓋部材４３の外側上面、および各板部材４４ａ、４４ｂ、４５ａ、４５ｂの内側面にかけてリング形状の凹凸面５０が同心円状に形成されている。リング形状の凹凸面５０は電磁波の反射面となっている。
【００６３】
このような構成を有するため、収納ボックス４１は、蓋部材４３を開けて裏返し、さらに各板部材４４ａ、４４ｂ、４５ａ、４５ｂを開くと、大面積の板状部材となり、この板状部材が天空を向いた所定の傾斜角度に固定し、電磁波取込或いは電磁波放射機能に適応した部材を備えた場合に、一定の送受信操作を行なうことにより電磁波の送信或いは受信を行なうことができ、通信や放送といったデータ伝送動作を行なうことができる。この態様は、上述の第１の実施例における収納ボックス１１が蓋部材１３を用い、またその内側面を反射面としていたのに比べると、別の態様の反射鏡を実現している。また、本実施例の反射鏡の面積は第１の実施の形態例に比較して約４倍となり、これに対応して高いアンテナ利得を得ることができる。
【００６４】
通信や放送といったデータ伝送の操作が終了したきは、各板部材４４ａ、４４ｂ、４５ａ、４５ｂを畳み、各種機材を収納ボックス４１内に納めるとともに蓋部材４３を閉めるだけで平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を収納することができる。この場合反射鏡が平面構造であるために、収納ボックス内に納められた他の機材に干渉したりすることは極力抑えられ、反射鏡の占める空間も最小限に抑えることができる。また、上記各板部材４４ａ、４４ｂ、４５ａ、４５ｂを畳んだことにより、電磁波の反射面となるリング形状の凹凸面５０は各板部材４４ａ、４４ｂ、４５ａ、４５ｂの内側にしまい込まれるから、外則に露出することはなく、保護される。
【００６５】
（実施例６）
図１２は本発明の第６の実施例として、平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を反射鏡アンテナの反射鏡として用いたものを示す斜視図である。この図は、平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡をを収納可能に備えた収納ボックスのさらに別の例として、実施例５の場合と同様、収納ボックス４１を同図中矢印Ｓの方向に完全に開けて裏返しにしてアンテナとして使用する。
【００６６】
この収納ボックス４１は、構造的には第５の実施例のものと同様であり、ボックス本体４２と、このボックス本体４２に開閉可能に取り付けられた蓋部材４３とを備えて成る。収納ボックス４１は、全体として四角い箱形構造を有し、ボックス本体４２の底面および蓋部材４３の上面は略平板状に形成されている。しかし、第５の実施例とは異なり、ボックス本体４２の底部の外表面５３には第１のリング形状の凹凸面５１が同心円状に形成されている一方、蓋部材４３の上面（外表面）５４には上記第１のリング形状の凹凸面５１とは異なるピッチを有する第２のリング形状の凹凸面５２が同心円状に形成されている。第１および第２のリング形状の凹凸面５１、５２はそれぞれ異なった波長の電磁波を反射する複数の反射面となっている。
【００６７】
このような構成を有するため、収納ボックス４１は、蓋部材４３を開けて裏返すと２つの平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を持つアンテナ装置を実現することが可能になる。すなわち、一方の反射鏡（例えば第１のリング形状の凹凸面５２を有する反射鏡）に電磁波放射部材を備え、この反射鏡を電磁波送信のためのアンテナの反射鏡として用いる。また他方の反射鏡（第２のリング形状の凹凸面５１を有する反射鏡）に電磁波取込部材を備え、この反射鏡を電磁波受信のためのアンテナの反射鏡として用いる。これにより、収納ボックスを開くだけで、電磁波送信と電磁波受信を異なった周波数で行う用途に適応したアンテナを実現することができる。
【００６８】
なお、この第６の実施例の場合は、ボックス本体４２および蓋部材４３の外表面にリング形状の凹凸面５１および５２が設けられているため、これらのリング形状の凹凸面５１および５２が傷つけられ易くなるが、いずれの凹凸面５１および５２にもカバーなどの適切な保護部材を取り付けることにより守ることができる。
【００６９】
（実施の形態２）
図１３は本発明の第２の実施の形態として、平板型の反射面を有し、この反射面を平行な帯状区域（ゾーン）に分け各ゾーンに所定の凹凸面を形成した平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡の正面図である。この平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡は、従来例で述べたパラボラ型円筒反射鏡（Parabolic Cylindrical Reflector：従来型の円筒反射鏡）と原理的に同等の機能を有する。図１３において、上下方向（垂直方向）をＸＹＺ直交座標におけるＸ軸方向、左右方向（水平方向）をＺ軸方向とする。また図１３の紙面に対して垂直な方向をＹ軸方向とする。
【００７０】
この実施の形態に係る平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡６１もまた、外観上は、第１の実施の形態で述べたリング形状の凹凸面を同心円状に形成した反射鏡１と同様な構成を有する。しかしこの反射鏡６１は、平板状の本体６２と、この本体６２の表面に形成された複数の凹凸のゾーン６３（６３−１、６３−２、６３−３、・・・・）とを有している。そして、ゾーン６３は、反射鏡６１の一点を中心点として、この点を含み上下方向に一定の幅を持ったゾーンを中心ゾーン（ゾーン番号ｎ＝１）６３−１としている。中心ゾーン６３−１の上下両方向には複数列のＸ軸の方向にロープロファイル状に湾曲し、且つＺ軸の方向に延びる周辺ゾーン６３−２、６３−３、・・・・（ゾーン番号ｎ＝２，３，４，・・・・）が配置されてなる。
【００７１】
中心ゾーン６３−１および周辺ゾーン６３−２、６３−３、・・・・は、それぞれがＸ軸の方向にロープロファイル状に湾曲している。また、各ゾーン６３−１、６３−２、６３−３、・・・・のプロファイル形状は当該湾曲方向に対して直角の方向（つまりＺ軸の方向）に依存しておらず、これらのゾーン６３−１、６３−２、６３−３、・・・・はＺ軸方向に略直線的に延びている。ここにおいて、上記「湾曲方向に対して直角の方向に依存しておらず、」とは、湾曲方向に対して直角の方向には湾曲やうねり、凹凸、或いは段差などの形状変化がないことを意味する。すなわち、各ゾーン６３−１、６３−２、６３−３、・・・・の湾曲凹面は、当該湾曲の方向とは略直角の方向に、その湾曲形状を保持したまま略直線状に延びている。さらに、各ゾーン６３−１、６３−２、６３−３、・・・・は、湾曲方向に並列的に配置されるとともに、各ゾーンの湾曲凹面が電磁波の反射面となっている。
【００７２】
以上から、本実施の形態における反射鏡６１の構成上の特徴は、所定の方向に湾曲し、且つ当該湾方向に対して直角の方向に略直線状に延びる略部分円筒形状のゾーンが複数個設けられ、且つ、この複数のゾーンが、湾曲方向に並列配置されてなる点にある。
【００７３】
なお、上記中心点は、図１３で見て、反射鏡６１の上下方向略中央部分に設定してあるが、ここにいう「中心点」とは反射の中心という意味であり、上記中央の位置に限らず、反射鏡６１の任意の位置（例えば中央から上下方向いずれか一方に偏在した位置）に設定されていてもよい。また、各ゾーン６３−１、６３−２、６３−３、・・・・の凹面の形状は、当該各ゾーン６３−１、６３−２、６３−３、・・・・の凹面で反射した電磁波が反射鏡６１の反射鏡面の前方の所定の位置に直線状において、これらのゾーンが延びる方向に平行な直線状に収束するように形成されている。その収束状態は、図１５に示すような、従来において使用されていたパラボラ型円筒反射鏡１０２によって反射された電磁波が、その反射面の前方の所定の位置に直線状に収束するのと等価である。
【００７４】
かかる電磁波の反射を行なわせるために、各ゾーン６３の凹面の形状は、図１３に示すようなＸＹＺ直交座標において、ＸとＹの関数で表現される。なおＺ方向へは変化はしない（湾曲しない）。
【００７５】
反射鏡６１の中心点を含む中心ゾーン６３−１（ゾーン番号ｎ＝１）の位置および反射面形状は反射鏡表面の上記中心点からゾーンのロープロファイル湾曲方向外方に向けて、第１の実施の形態における図３を用いた説明により算出可能であり、下記の式で表される。
【００７６】
ＸＹＺ直交座標のＸＺ面に置かれた反射鏡の本体の表面に対してＸ軸方向にゾーニングを行う場合、中心ゾーン（ゾーン番号ｎ＝１）の中心ポイント（スタートポイント座標でもある）およびエンドポイントの位置は、
中心ポイント座標： Ｘ₁ ^A ＝０
エンドポイント座標： Ｘ₁ ^D ＝１／２｛λ（４ｒ₀ −λ）｝^1/2
であり、
中心ゾーンの曲面形状は、ＸＺ面に対する中心ゾーンの凹凸面（反射面）の相対的な高さｈ₁ で表すと、
ｈ₁ ＝（Ｘ² ／（４ｒ₀ −λ））＋λ／４
ただし、０≦Ｘ≦Ｘ₁ ^D である。
ここで、
λ：電磁波の波長
ｒ₀ ：ＸＺ面（反射鏡の本体の表面レベル）と焦点間の法線上の距離
である。
【００７７】
また、反射鏡６１の周辺ゾーン６３−２、６３−３、・・・・（ゾーン番号ｎ＝２，３，４，・・・）の位置および反射面形状は反射鏡表面の上記中心点からゾーンのロープロファイル湾曲方向外方に向けて（式１）〜（式５）から算出可能であり、下記の式で表される。
ゾーン番号： ｎ≠１，ｎ＝２，３，４，・・・・
ゾーンのスタートポイントおよびエンドポイントの位置（座標）
スタートポイント座標：
Ｘ_n ^A ＝１／２｛（２ｎ−３）λ（４ｒ₀ ＋（２ｎ−３）λ）｝^1/2
エンドポイント座標：
Ｘ_n ^D ＝１／２｛（２ｎ−１）λ（４ｒ₀ ＋（２ｎ−３）λ）｝^1/2
とし、
周辺ゾーンの曲面形状を、ＸＺ面に対する周辺ゾーンの凹凸面（反射面）の相対的な高さｈ_n で表すと、
ｈ_n ＝〔（Ｘ² ／｛４ｒ₀ ＋（２ｎ−３）λ｝〕−（２ｎ−３）λ／４
ただし、Ｘ_n ^A ≦Ｘ≦Ｘ_n ^D である。
ここで、
ｎ：中心ゾーン（中心ゾーン番号ｎ＝１）から数えた周辺ゾーン番号
λ：電磁波の波長
ｒ₀ ：ＸＺ面（反射鏡の本体の表面レベル）と焦点間の法線上の距離
である。
【００７８】
以上により本実施の形態の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡における各ゾーンの位置および曲面形状が決定される。また、本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡では、第１の実施の形態におけるようなリング形状の凹凸面を同心円状に形成した反射鏡１の場合でも、或いは第２の実施の形態におけるような、所定の方向に湾曲し、且つ当該湾曲方向に対して直角の方向に延びる帯状区域が、湾曲方向に区分けされて複数個配置されてなる反射鏡６１の場合でも、そのゾーンの位置および曲面形状は同じ式で表現されることが明らかとなった。
【００７９】
なお、第１の実施の形態に係る平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡の利用例として実施例１〜実施例６にわたる事例を説明したが、同様の利用態様は、この第２の実施の形態に係る平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡においても実現することができる。
【００８０】
以上のように、本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡は種々の適用形態が考えられ、それぞれの適用状況において、優れた効果を発揮する。
【００８１】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、衛星放送や通信に用いられるアンテナの反射鏡を平面型にしたため、大面積反射鏡の場合でもアンテナの設置場所についての制約が軽減されるという効果が得られる。
【００８２】
また反射鏡の面積が大きい場合でも、この反射鏡の折りたたみ、収納や持ち運びなどが便利で、種々の効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡の概略構造を示す側方断面図。
【図２】本発明の反射鏡表面における周辺ゾーンの位置および反射面形状を決定する論理を説明する原理図である。
【図３】本発明の反射鏡表面の一点をゾーニングの中心点にした場合、この点を含む中心ゾーンの位置および反射面形状を決定する論理を説明する原理図である。
【図４】本発明におけるゾーニングの原理を説明する図である。
【図５】本発明の第１の実施例として送受信機ユニットを収納するための平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を備えた収納ボックスを示す斜視図である。
【図６】本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡の第２の実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図７】（ａ）前記第２の実施例において、反射部材を反射鏡の電磁波反射面の焦点の外側に凹面を対向配置させた取付け状態を示す側面図
（ｂ）前記第２の実施例において、反射部材を反射鏡の電磁波反射面の焦点の内側に凸面を対向配置させた取付け状態を示す側面図
【図８】本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を通信中継車両に備え付けた第３の実施例を示す側面図である。
【図９】本発明の平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を建造物に取り付けた第４の実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図１０】本発明の第５の実施例として、平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を反射鏡アンテナ装置の反射鏡として用い、送受信器ユニットなどを収納するこの反射鏡を備えた別の例の収納ボックスを開けて裏返しにした状態を示す斜視図
【図１１】前記第５の実施例において、収納ボックスを開けて裏返しにし、さらに板部材を広げてボックス自体の外表面とともに反射鏡アンテナ装置の反射鏡として使用する、使用状態を示す斜視図
【図１２】本発明の第６の実施例として、平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡を反射鏡アンテナ装置の反射鏡として用いたものを示す斜視図
【図１３】本発明の第２の実施の形態として、平板型の反射鏡表面を有し、この反射鏡表面を平行なゾーンに分け各ゾーンに所定の凹凸面を形成した平板型焦点合わせ反射鏡の正面図
【図１４】従来から多く使用されているパラボラ型の反射鏡アンテナを示す斜視図
【図１５】従来から多く使用されているパラボラ型円筒反射鏡アンテナを示す斜視図
【図１６】（ａ）図１４或は図１５に示したアンテナ装置の電磁波受信を行う場合の動作原理を説明する図
（ｂ）図１４或は図１５に示したアンテナ装置の電磁波送信を行う場合の動作原理を説明する図
【符号の説明】
１、１５、３０、６１ 反射鏡
２ （反射鏡）本体
３、６３ ゾーン
１１ 収納ボックス
１２、４２ ボックス本体
１３、４３ 蓋部材
１４ 内側面
１６、２８、３３ 本体
１７ 凹面
１８、２９ 反射鏡表面
１９ 反射部材
２０ 支持部材
２１ 電磁波放射／取込部材
２５ 反射鏡
２６ 車両
２７ 屋根部
３１ 建造物
３２ 外側壁
３４ 表面
４１ 収納ボックス
４４ａ、４４ｂ、４５ａ、４５ｂ板部材
４６、４７、４８、４９ ヒンジ部
５０、５１、５２ （リング形状）凹凸面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a flat plate-type focusing reflector, and more particularly to a flat plate-type focusing mirror that does not occupy a large space for installation even in the case of a large-area reflector, and that can be folded, stored, and carried.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, antenna devices using parabolic reflectors have been used as antenna devices for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves such as satellite communications and satellite broadcasts.
[0003]
FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a parabolic reflector that has been widely used conventionally. As shown in FIG. 14, the parabolic reflector 100 is provided in a curved surface body having a relatively large diameter and a space portion that is separated from the approximate center of the curved surface body by a certain distance (the focal distance of the parabolic body). A member adapted for electromagnetic wave capturing or electromagnetic wave radiation function (herein referred to as electromagnetic wave radiation / capturing member 101). When a reflector antenna using a parabolic reflector 100 (parabolic reflector antenna) is used as a receiving antenna, an electromagnetic wave (plane wave) having a planar in-phase front reaching the parabolic reflector 100 from a distance. Is reflected by the curved surface and converged on the portion of the electromagnetic wave radiation / acquisition member 101, which is captured by the electromagnetic wave radiation / acquisition member 101 and a signal is sent to a detection unit or the like. When the parabolic reflector antenna is used as a transmitting antenna, an incident electromagnetic wave (spherical surface) having a spherical in-phase front to the reflector by the electromagnetic wave radiation / capturing member 101 placed near the focal point of the parabolic reflector 100 is used. The incident wave is reflected by the curved surface of the parabolic reflector 100, and a reflected wave (planar reflected wave) having a planar in-phase front on the opening surface of the parabolic reflector 100 is established. Thus, the presence of the electromagnetic field distribution having the same phase on the aperture surface of the parabolic reflector 100 provides a sharp directivity pattern in the far region of the parabolic reflector antenna. Further, it is known that the larger the aperture area of the parabolic reflector 100 in FIG. 14 is, the sharper the directivity pattern is and the higher the antenna gain is with respect to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
[0004]
Similar to the parabolic reflector antenna of FIG. 14 described above, a parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna using a parabolic curved reflector (Parabolic Cylindrical Reflector) having a parabolic curvature only in a predetermined direction. Is also known as a conventional satellite communication antenna. FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror which has been conventionally used in many cases. As shown in FIG. 15, the parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna includes a parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror 102 and an electromagnetic wave radiation / capture member 103 placed on the focal plane of the parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror 102. Yes.
[0005]
However, as can be seen from FIGS. 14 and 15, the electromagnetic wave radiation / capture member 101 of the parabolic reflector antenna of FIG. 14 is adapted to the function of radiating the spherical incident wave to the parabolic reflector 100. On the other hand, the electromagnetic wave radiation / acquisition member 103 of the parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna in FIG. 15 is adapted to the function of radiating a cylindrical incident wave toward the parabolic cylindrical reflector 102. It is placed on the focal plane of the parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror 102 in an attitude parallel to the central axis 102.
[0006]
15 is different from the parabolic reflector 100 of FIG. 14 which is curved in all directions corresponding to the spherical incident wave by the electromagnetic wave radiation / take-in member 101 shown in FIG. In addition, it is curved only in a predetermined direction corresponding to the cylindrical incident wave radiated from the electromagnetic wave radiation / take-in member 103.
[0007]
When the electromagnetic wave reception is performed using the parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna of FIG. 15, an electromagnetic wave (plane wave) having a flat in-phase front arriving from a distance is reflected by the parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror 102 and is reflected by the reflecting mirror. In the focal plane, the beam converges along a straight line parallel to the central axis of the parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror 102 and is received by the electromagnetic wave radiation / capture member 103 placed on the focal plane in parallel with the central axis of the cylinder.
[0008]
When electromagnetic waves are transmitted using the parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna of FIG. 15, the cylindrical incident wave by the electromagnetic wave radiation / capturing member 103 (cylindrical wave source) placed on the focal plane of the parabolic cylindrical reflector 102 is generated. Reflected by the parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror 102, a reflected wave (planar reflected wave) having a flat in-phase front is formed on the opening surface of the parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror 102, and the opening area of the parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror 102 is The larger the value, the sharper the far-field directivity pattern based on the same principle as the parabolic reflector antenna of FIG. 14, and a high antenna gain can be obtained.
[0009]
FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the operating principle of the antenna device shown in FIG. 14 or 15 when electromagnetic waves are transmitted and received as described above. However, FIG. 16A corresponds to the case where electromagnetic waves are received, and FIG. 16B corresponds to the case where electromagnetic waves are transmitted. Both figures are based on a reflector having a parabolic profile on the vertical plane. It is a schematic diagram which shows an effect | action. The arrows in FIGS. 16A and 16B indicate the flow direction of electromagnetic power. Since the flow direction of the electromagnetic wave power is orthogonal to the in-phase front of the electromagnetic wave, the direction of the electromagnetic wave (spherical wave) power flow having a spherical in-phase front is arranged radially. In addition, arrows indicating the flow direction of electromagnetic wave (plane wave) power having a planar isotopic front are arranged in parallel.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional parabolic reflector 100 or the parabolic cylindrical reflector 102 as described above, since the portion of the reflector body is formed in a curved shape, the depth direction (perpendicular to the surface direction) The direction) is large, and depending on the installation location, it is difficult or impossible to install the reflector. In addition, when the opening area of the parabolic reflector is increased, there is a problem that the large-area parabolic reflector is difficult to fold, store, or inconvenient to carry because there is a depth dimension due to bending. .
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and its purpose is not to occupy a large space of the installation place, and when the area of the reflector is large, the reflector is folded, stored, carried, etc. It is to provide a flat plate-type focusing mirror capable of satisfying the requirements.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention arranges ring-shaped uneven surfaces forming a plurality of zones (reflecting portions) concentrically on the surface of a flat plate-like body, and sets the concave surfaces of these zones to electromagnetic waves. The gist is that it is a reflective surface. The reflecting surface of each zone provided in this flat plate type reflecting mirror is formed so that the electromagnetic waves that reach from a distance and are reflected by the reflecting surfaces of all zones converge at a predetermined position in front of the reflecting mirror surface. .
[0013]
In addition, by forming the shape of these reflecting surfaces into a curved shape according to a predetermined formula, the curved shape of each reflecting surface that reflects electromagnetic waves is low-profile while the reflecting mirror itself has a flat plate structure as a whole. Can be.
[0014]
With the above configuration, restrictions on the installation location of the reflecting mirror are reduced, and a low profile reflecting mirror that can be easily folded and carried even if the reflecting mirror area is large or can be easily stored is used. An antenna device is provided. In the present invention, a plurality of zones curved in a low profile shape only in a predetermined direction are formed on the surface of the flat plate-like main body, and the profile shape of each zone depends on a direction perpendicular to the curve direction. These zones extend substantially linearly in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the curve, and these zones are arranged in parallel in the curve direction, and the curve of each zone The gist is that the concave surface is an electromagnetic wave reflecting surface. The curved shape of the reflecting surface of each zone of this flat plate type reflecting mirror is such that electromagnetic waves of a predetermined frequency that reach from a distance and are reflected by the reflecting surfaces of all the zones are located at predetermined positions in front of the reflecting mirror surface. It is formed so as to converge in a substantially straight line parallel to the extending direction. Here, “does not depend on a direction perpendicular to the bending direction” means that there is no change in shape such as bending, undulation, unevenness, or step in the direction perpendicular to the bending direction. To do. That is, the curved concave surface of each zone extends in a substantially linear shape while maintaining the curved shape in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the curvature.
[0015]
With the above configuration, a low-profile flat-plate reflector with the same action as a parabolic cylindrical reflector is realized, reducing restrictions on the location of the reflector, and A low-profile reflecting mirror that can be easily folded and carried even if the area is large and can be easily stored, or an antenna device using the same.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a schematic structure of a flat plate type reflecting mirror of the present invention. The reflecting mirror 1 has a flat plate-like main body 2 and a plurality of concave and convex zones 3 formed on the surface of the main body 2. Zone 3 includes a central zone (zone number n = 1) 3-1 and a peripheral zone (zone numbers n = 2, 3, 4,...) 3-2, 3-3, 3-4. , ....
[0017]
Each of the plurality of zones 3 is formed in a ring shape centered on one point of the reflecting mirror 1. In FIG. 1, the center point is set at a substantially central portion of the reflecting mirror 1, but the “center point” here means the center of reflection, and is not limited to the center position. One arbitrary position (for example, a position unevenly distributed from the center) may be set. The plurality of zones 3 are arranged concentrically from the center point, and the concave surface of each zone serves as an electromagnetic wave reflecting surface. The shape of the reflecting surface of each zone 3 is such that when an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined frequency arrives from a distance, the electromagnetic waves reflected by the reflecting surfaces of all the zones converge at a predetermined position in front of the surface of the reflecting mirror 1. It is formed as follows.
[0018]
2 and 3 are principle diagrams for explaining the logic for determining the shape and position of the reflecting surface of the zone 3. However, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are diagrams assuming that an electromagnetic wave (spherical incident wave) having a spherical in-phase front is incident from the focal point in front of the reflecting mirror toward the reflecting mirror surface. An incident wave is a figure which shows the process in which the reflected wave (planar reflected wave) with a flat in-phase front is formed on the opening surface of a reflective mirror is reflected by the reflective surface of each zone of a reflective mirror. As described above, the phase difference generated between each point of the same phase front of the spherical incident wave that has reached the reflecting mirror and each point of the same phase front of the plane reflected wave formed on the aperture surface of the reflecting mirror is as follows. It is established under the condition of 2π (one cycle, that is, 360 degrees). Of this 2π phase difference, a phase difference of π (1/2 period, ie, 180 degrees) is caused by a phase shift of π value accompanied by the reflection of the electromagnetic wave from the perfect conductor, but the remaining necessary π Can be obtained by determining the shape and position of the reflecting surface of each zone. In this case, each point of the in-phase front of the spherical incident wave that has reached the reflecting mirror has a distance that is transmitted to each point of the in-phase front of the plane reflected wave on the aperture surface of the reflecting mirror is half the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave. The condition of one distance (λ / 2) is defined, and the reflection surface of each zone is formed under this condition, and the remaining necessary π value phase lag occurring between the transmission distances of λ / 2 is obtained. Can do.
[0019]
Hereinafter, the above-described operation principle will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. However, the arrows in FIGS. 2 and 3 indicate the flow direction of the electromagnetic wave power. Since the flow direction of electromagnetic power is orthogonal to the in-phase front of electromagnetic waves, the flow direction of electromagnetic waves with spherical in-phase fronts (spherical waves) is arranged radially, and electromagnetic waves with plane isotopic fronts (plane waves ) Arrows indicating the direction of power flow are arranged in parallel. 2 and 3, it is assumed that the surface of the main body of the flat reflector is placed on the XZ plane of XYZ orthogonal coordinates.
[0020]
FIG. 2 shows a theory for determining the position and shape of the reflecting surface of the zone 3 (peripheral zone) other than the central zone including the central point when a plurality of zones are formed with the central point of the reflecting mirror 1 as a central point. Explains.
[0021]
In this figure, it is assumed that one peripheral zone (for example, 3-2) is drawn. A straight line QL is drawn in the horizontal direction (X direction) through the lowest end of the zone 3-2. The straight line QL is arranged on the XZ plane of the XYZ orthogonal coordinates, and is a straight line indicating the surface level of the main body of the flat reflector (corresponding to the level).
[0022]
A straight line WS is drawn in the horizontal direction (X direction) at a distance of a half of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave upward from the straight line QL. This straight line WS is arranged on the aperture surface of the reflector, and is a straight line indicating the relative position of the aperture surface of the reflector with respect to the position (level QL) of the surface of the main body of the reflector placed on the XZ plane. .
[0023]
Dotted lines Φ1 and Φ2 in FIG. 2 are the same phase fronts (same phase surface (or same phase line)) of the spherical incident wave incident from the focal point F of the reflecting mirror to the surface of the reflecting mirror. Since the distance between Φ2 and Φ2 is λ / 2, the phase difference between Φ1 and Φ2 is π. A thick solid line represents the reflecting surface of the zone 3-2.
[0024]
In order to satisfy the condition that the in-phase front Φ1 of the spherical surface reflected by the reflecting surface of the zone 3-2 is converted (or deformed) into a planar in-phase front on the opening surface of the reflecting mirror (on the straight line WS). The position of the zone 3-2 is determined. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the start point and end point on the X axis of the zone 3-2 are given by the intersection of .PHI.1 and the straight line QL and the intersection of .PHI.2 and the straight line WS, respectively. Next, by giving a parabolic profile shape to the reflection surface of the zone 3-2, the flow direction of the spherically incident wave power arranged radially is converted to the flow direction of the reflected wave power arranged in parallel ( (See FIG. 2).
[0025]
However, when the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the reflecting surface of the zone 3-2, the in-phase front Φ1 of the spherical surface is converted into a planar in-phase front WS on the opening surface of the reflecting mirror (on the straight line WS). The phase difference between both in-phase fronts is made equal to 2π. That is, it is necessary to satisfy the condition that there is no relative phase difference between each point on the same phase front Φ1 and each point on the same phase front WS. In the case of the zone of FIG. 2, among the necessary 2π value phase differences, the π value phase shift occurs when electromagnetic waves are reflected from the perfect conductor on the reflecting surface of the zone 3-2. Further, as can be seen from FIG. 2, the phase delay of the remaining necessary π value is such that each point A1, B1, C1,..., D1 on the in-phase front Φ1 corresponds to each point A3 on the in-phase front WS. , B3, C3,..., D2 is a phase difference generated by transmitting a distance of λ / 2 to the position. Therefore, to define the shape of the reflective surface of zone 3-2, it is necessary to satisfy the following conditions:

[0026]
When the condition of the above formula (1) is satisfied, the operation of the peripheral zone in FIG. 2 can be described as follows. The phase at each point {A1, B1, C1,..., D1} on the spherical in-phase front Φ1, and each point {A3, B3, C3,. }, If {φA1, φB1, φC1,..., ΦD1} and {φA3, φB3, φC3,..., ΦD2}, these points are the same phase front points. The following relationship holds:

[0027]
Further, when the condition of (Equation 1) is satisfied, the relative phase difference (phase lag) between the in-phase front WS and the in-phase front Φ1 is equal to 2π value. To establish:

[0028]
Thus, when the condition of (Equation 1) is satisfied, the relationship of (Equation 2) and (Equation 3) is established, so that the in-phase front of the spherical surface of the electromagnetic wave is caused by the action of the reflecting surface of the peripheral zone. It becomes clear that Φ1 is converted into a planar in-phase front WS on the opening surface of the reflecting mirror 1.
[0029]
The profile shape of the reflecting surface of the peripheral zone having the above-described action that satisfies the condition of (Equation 1) is determined in the following manner on the drawing (see FIG. 2). First, the position of one point C2 of the reflection surface of the peripheral zone will be determined. For this purpose, a straight line FK is drawn from the focal point F through the point C1, as shown in FIG. The straight line FK draws a tangent line EN to the in-phase front Φ2 at a point K that intersects the in-phase front Φ2. As a result, Kakuto WEN is established. Next, draw a bisector of Kakuen WEN. Next, a point where the bisector intersects the straight line FK is obtained, and the position of this point is the position of one point C2 forming the profile of the reflecting surface. The positions of all remaining points forming the reflecting surface profile of FIG. 2 are determined on the drawing in a similar manner.
[0030]
Similar to the above-described procedure, the profile shape of the reflection surface of the central zone is also determined. However, the procedure for determining the position of the central zone and the like is different from that of the peripheral zone, and therefore these procedures will be described below.
[0031]
FIG. 3 is a principle diagram illustrating the logic for determining the position of the central zone 3-1 and the profile shape of the reflecting surface thereof. As apparent from FIG. 1, since the central zone 3-1 is located at the central portion of the reflecting mirror 1, one half (right half in FIG. 1) from the central point is considered (however, this portion and It is clear that the entire concave area including the part symmetrical to this part with respect to the vertical axis passing through the center point is the central zone of the reflector 1). In FIG. 3, alternate long and short dash lines Φ1 and Φ2 are in-phase fronts (or the same phase surface) of the spherical incident wave incident from the focal point F of the reflecting mirror to the surface of the reflecting mirror, but the distance between Φ1 and Φ2 Since λ / 2, the phase difference between Φ1 and Φ2 is π. The thick solid line represents the right half of the center zone 3-1, but the curve GC2D2 (the curve connecting G → C2 → D2) is the right half of the reflection surface of the center zone 3-1.
[0032]
Unlike FIG. 2, in FIG. 3, the straight line WS is a tangent at the point W with respect to the in-phase front Φ <b> 1. F is the focal point of the reflecting mirror 1 and is vertically above the point W. The straight line OX is a tangent at the point O with respect to the in-phase front Φ2, and is also the X axis. Points E and K are points obtained in the same manner as point E and point K in FIG. Further, when obtaining the position of the point forming the profile of the reflection surface of the central zone, the closer the point (corresponding to the point C2 in FIG. 3) to the center of the reflecting mirror 1, the more the point E is reflected along the straight line WS. Go away from the center of mirror 1. Point K approaches point O.
[0033]
The central point of the central zone 3-1 is the lowest point of the reflecting surface profile corresponding to the center of the central zone 3-1, and the coordinates giving the position of this point G are x = 0 and y = λ / 4. To do. To obtain the coordinates of this point G, the point K overlaps with the point O, and the tangent line EN coincides with the axis OX. Further, the point E moves along the straight line WS and becomes a point at infinity (indicated by E∞ in FIG. 3), so that the bisector of ∠WEN becomes a straight line GE∞. Here, the straight line GE∞ becomes a parallel line with respect to the axis OX, and also becomes a bisector of the interval WO having a length of λ / 2. Therefore, the coordinates of the center point G of the center zone 3-1 are given by x = 0, y = λ / 4.
[0034]
The end point of the center zone 3-1 is the highest point D2 of the reflection surface profile of the center zone 3-1, and this point D2 has a radius of curvature r.₀Is an intersection of a spherical in-phase front Φ2 having a straight line WS (indicating the position of the opening surface of the reflecting mirror) placed on the opening surface of the reflecting mirror.
[0035]
The procedure for obtaining the positions of all points forming the profile of the reflecting surface of the central zone 3-1 is the same as that in the peripheral zones 3-2, 3-3, 3-4,. It follows the principle of satisfying the same conditions as in equation (1). By the action of the profile shape of the reflecting surface of the central zone 3-1 of the reflecting mirror 1 obtained in this way, the in-phase front Φ1 having the spherical surface of the electromagnetic wave is reflected on the opening surface of the reflecting mirror 1 after the electromagnetic wave is reflected. (On the straight line WS) is converted into a planar in-phase front WD2. In this case, on the basis of the same principle as that of the peripheral zones 3-2, 3-3, 3-4,... In FIG. The relative phase difference (phase lag) between the in-phase front Φ1 is equal to 2π value, that is, the relative phase difference between each point on the peer front Φ1 and each point on the in-phase front WD2 is The condition that does not exist is satisfied.
[0036]
As an example, the electromagnetic wave reflected from the central point G of the reflecting surface of the central zone 3-1 has a phase delay of 2π with respect to the incident wave phase at the point W. As can be seen from the configuration of FIG. 3, the electromagnetic wave incident from the focal point F passes through the point W, is reflected from the point G, is transmitted in the positive direction of the Y axis, and passes through the point W again. It can also be seen that the distance WG is equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. It is also clear that the electromagnetic wave travels a round trip distance W → G → W, which is equal to one-half wavelength, resulting in a π delay in the wave phase. That is,

It is.
[0037]
Further, in addition to the phase delay of π, the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the perfect conductor, thereby causing a phase difference of π value at the point G. Including this phase difference, it can be seen that the phase of the plane reflected wave at the point W on the aperture plane has a total phase delay of 2π with respect to the phase of the spherical incident wave. Further, since the electromagnetic wave reflection at each point other than the center point G of the reflecting surface GC2D2 in FIG. 3 follows the principle as described in FIG. 2, the in-phase front Φ1 is converted (deformed) into the in-phase front WD2 on the opening surface. )
[0038]
Next, a procedure for zoning the entire reflecting mirror 1 of the present invention will be described. That is, one point of the reflecting mirror 1 is set as a center point (reflection center), and this center point is set as the origin of polar coordinates (ρ, φ). Further, this one point is determined as the center point (center point) of the center zone, and the extent to which the center zone extends outward in the radius ρ direction (end point) is determined. Similarly, it is determined where (or should be) from (start point) and to (end point) each peripheral zone outward in the radial direction, and the reflection surface shape of the central zone and each peripheral zone Make a decision. These processes are called zoning of the reflecting mirror 1.
[0039]
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the principle of zoning in the present invention. However, the zoning of the reflecting mirror in FIG. 4 is performed when a spherical incident wave from a focal point aligned with the center of the reflecting mirror 1 is assumed, and one point corresponding to the center of the reflecting mirror 1 is set as the center point (the origin of polar coordinates). It corresponds to a specific example. Also in this figure, the right half from the center of the reflecting mirror 1 is considered. The central zone of the reflecting mirror 1 is defined as a first zone 3-1, and the second zone 3-2, the third zone 3-3,. A zone is assigned. As shown in FIG. 4, the reflecting mirror 1 is placed on XYZ orthogonal coordinates, and the surface of the main body of the reflecting mirror 1 is arranged on the XZ plane.
[0040]
In FIG. 4, as in FIG. 3, the alternate long and short dash lines Φ1 and Φ2 are in-phase fronts of spherical incident waves that are incident from the focal point F of the reflecting mirror to the surface of the reflecting mirror, but the distance between Φ1 and Φ2 is Since λ / 2, the phase difference between Φ1 and Φ2 is π. The straight line WS is a tangent at the point W with respect to the in-phase front Φ1. F is the focal point of the reflecting mirror 1 and is vertically above the point W. The straight line OX is a tangent at the point O with respect to the in-phase front Φ2, and is also the X axis.
[0041]
In the case of the example shown in FIG. 4, since one point corresponding to the center of the reflecting mirror 1 is set as the zoning center point, the zoning of the reflecting mirror 1 starts from the center of the reflecting mirror 1 and proceeds toward the edge of the reflecting mirror 1. It is. The positions of the central point and the end point of the first zone (n = 1) 3-1 corresponding to the central portion of the reflecting mirror 1 are described in the description made with reference to FIG. That is, according to FIG. 3, from x = 0 to the x coordinate of D2.
[0042]
The position of the boundary (start point and end point) of the nth zone (n = 2, 3, 4,...) Is obtained as follows. First, the position of point A which is the start point of the nth zone (that is, the position of the lowest point of the concave shape of the reflecting surface of the nth zone) is the same phase front Φ1 having the radius of curvature of FA intersecting the OX axis. It is required as a point to do. However,

It is. here,
n = 2, 3, 4,...
r₀: Normal distance between XZ plane (surface level of reflector body (level on OX axis)) and focal point F
λ: Wavelength of electromagnetic wave
It is.
[0043]
The position of point D which is the end point of the nth zone (that is, the position of the highest point of the concave shape of the reflecting surface of the nth zone) intersects the straight line WS with the in-phase front Φ2 having the radius of curvature of FD. Required as a point. However,

It is. here,
n = 2, 3, 4,...
r₀: Normal distance between XZ plane (surface level of reflector body (level on OX axis)) and focal point F
λ: Wavelength of electromagnetic wave
It is.
[0044]
The profile shape of the reflecting surface of the first zone (n = 1) corresponding to the center of the reflecting mirror 1 can be calculated by the explanation using FIG. The profile shape of the reflection surface of the nth zone (n = 2, 3, 4,...) Can be calculated by the explanation using FIG.
[0045]
The zoning result obtained as described above is as follows.
Zone number: n = 1
Zone center point and end point locations (coordinates)
Start point coordinates: ρ₁ ^A= 0
End point coordinate: ρ₁ ^D= 1/2 {λ (4r₀−λ)}^1/2
The curved surface shape of the central zone is defined as the relative height h of the uneven surface (reflecting surface) of the central zone 3-1 with respect to the XZ plane.₁In terms of

However, 0 ≦ ρ ≦ ρ₁ ^DIt is.
here,
λ: Wavelength of electromagnetic wave
r₀: Normal distance between the XZ plane (surface level of the reflector body) and the focal point
It is.
[0046]
Further, the positions of the peripheral zones 3-2, 3-3, 3-4,... Of the reflecting mirror 1 and the profile shape of the reflecting surface thereof are obtained by the following equations.
Zone number: n ≠ 1, n = 2, 3, 4, ...
Zone start and end point locations (coordinates)
Start point coordinates:
ρ_n ^A= 1/2 {(2n-3) λ (4r₀+ (2n−3) λ)}^1/2
End point coordinates:
ρ_n ^D= 1/2 {(2n-1) λ (4r₀+ (2n−3) λ)}^1/2
age,
The curved surface shape of the peripheral zone is defined as the relative height h of the uneven surface (reflective surface) of the peripheral zone with respect to the XZ plane._nIn terms of

However, ρ_n ^A≦ ρ ≦ ρ_n ^DIt is.
here,
n: peripheral zone number (n = 2, 3, 4,...) counted from the central zone (central zone number n = 1)
λ: Wavelength of electromagnetic wave
r₀: Normal distance between the XZ plane (surface level of the reflector body) and the focal point
It is.
[0047]
As described above, the profile shape of each zone and its reflecting surface in the flat plate type focusing reflector of the present invention is determined.
[0048]
Example 1
Hereinafter, various examples (use examples) of the flat plate-type focusing reflector of the present invention will be described. The flat plate-type focusing mirror of the present invention can be manufactured by using a conductor material (material such as a high conductivity metal) directly or using a dielectric material having a surface conductor layer (metal layer). is there.
[0049]
FIG. 5 shows an example in which the flat plate type reflecting mirror of the present invention is used as a reflecting mirror of a reflecting mirror antenna device and applied to the surface of a storage box for storing a transceiver unit or the like. The storage box 11 includes a box body 12 and a lid member 13 attached to the box body 12 so as to be openable and closable. The box body 12 houses various equipment such as a transceiver unit. The lid member 13 is formed in a substantially flat plate shape, and ring-shaped irregular surfaces forming a plurality of zones are concentrically arranged on the surface 14 inside the box of the lid member 13, and the concave surface of each zone is an electromagnetic wave. It is a reflective surface.
[0050]
Since it has such a configuration, the storage box 11 opens the lid member 13 and fixes the lid member 13 at a predetermined elevation angle with the sky facing the sky. An adapted member is provided, and electromagnetic waves can be transmitted or received by performing certain transmission / reception operations, and data transmission operations such as communication and broadcasting can be performed. When the operation is completed, the flat-type focusing reflector can be housed by simply storing various equipment in the housing box 11 and closing the lid member 13. In this case, since the entire reflecting mirror has a planar structure, interference with other equipment stored in the storage box can be suppressed as much as possible, and the space occupied by the reflecting mirror can be minimized.
[0051]
(Example 2)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the flat focusing mirror of the present invention. The flat focusing reflector 15 is formed so that electromagnetic waves of a predetermined frequency reflected by all the plurality of concave surfaces 17 formed on the surface of the flat plate-like body 16 converge at a predetermined position in front of the reflecting mirror surface. In addition, a reflecting member 19 is attached to a predetermined position separated by a certain distance forward of the surface 18 of the flat plate-like main body 16. The reflecting member 19 is for reflecting the reflected and converged electromagnetic wave on the electromagnetic wave reflecting surface and sending it toward the reflecting mirror surface 18. The reflection member 19 is supported by the support member 20 at the predetermined position.
[0052]
In addition, as an installation method of the reflection member 19, as shown to FIG. 7 (a), (b), several aspects can be considered. In the example of FIG. 7A, the reflecting member 19 a is attached in front of the reflecting mirror surface 18 and outside the focal point F of the electromagnetic wave reflecting surface with the concave surface of the reflecting member 19 a facing the reflecting mirror surface 18. ing. Further, an electromagnetic wave radiation / capture member 21 serving as an electromagnetic wave source is attached to a substantially central portion of the reflecting mirror. The reflection member 19a is arranged so that the electromagnetic wave radiated from the electromagnetic wave radiation / capture member 21 is reflected back by the reflection member 19a and converges to the focal point F of the electromagnetic wave reflection surface. As a result, the electromagnetic wave radiated from the electromagnetic wave radiation / capture member 21 is reflected back by the reflecting member 19a, once converges to the focal point F of the electromagnetic wave reflecting surface, and then diverges to form a spherical wave on the reflecting mirror surface 18. The electromagnetic wave that reaches the whole and is reflected there becomes a plane wave having a plane in-phase front.
[0053]
In the example of FIG. 7B, the reflecting member 19b is attached in front of the reflecting mirror surface 18 and inside the focal point F of the electromagnetic wave reflecting surface with the convex surface of the reflecting member 19b facing the reflecting mirror surface 18. ing. Further, an electromagnetic wave radiation / capture member 22 serving as an electromagnetic wave source is attached to a substantially central portion of the reflecting mirror. The reflection member 19b is arranged so as to return and reflect the electromagnetic wave radiated from the electromagnetic wave radiation / capture member 22 in the direction as if radiated from the focal point F of the electromagnetic wave reflection surface. Thereby, the electromagnetic wave radiated from the electromagnetic wave radiation / take-in member 22 is reflected back by the reflecting member 19b and reaches the entire reflecting mirror surface 18, and the reflected electromagnetic wave is a plane wave having a plane in-phase front. Become. The electromagnetic wave radiation / capturing members 21 and 22 serve as electromagnetic wave capturing members when receiving electromagnetic waves.
[0054]
With such a configuration, in this embodiment, processing operations such as emission of electromagnetic waves or capture of electromagnetic waves and signal detection can be performed on the flat body 16 side.
[0055]
(Example 3)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 8 shows a third embodiment in which the flat focusing mirror of the present invention is applied to a communication vehicle. The flat focusing mirror 25 used in this embodiment has the same configuration as the flat focusing mirror in the first embodiment or the second embodiment. In the present embodiment, a flat body 28 is attached to the outer surface of the roof 27 of the vehicle 26, and a ring-shaped uneven surface that forms a plurality of reflecting portions (zones) on the surface 29 of the flat body 28. Concentrically arranged, the concave surfaces of these zones serve as electromagnetic wave reflecting surfaces. The reflecting surfaces of the zones arranged on the surface 29 are formed so that the electromagnetic waves reflected by the reflecting surfaces of all the zones converge at a predetermined position in front of the surface 29 of the reflecting mirror. In addition, it is possible to further increase the area of the reflecting mirror by forming the reflecting mirror folding structure and expanding it.
[0056]
With such a configuration, it is possible to realize a low profile reflector antenna having a high gain by using the area of the roof portion 27 of the vehicle 26 as the entire area of the reflector or a part of the reflector area. . The reflector provided on the roof 27 of the vehicle 26 is installed and used at an elevation angle required for transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves, but is installed in a state where it is placed flat on the roof during the movement of the vehicle. Therefore, the appearance of the vehicle is clean, and there is no worry that the antenna will be blown even if a strong wind blows. Further, when the vehicle is running, there is no increase in height due to the antenna, so that there is no problem that the zenith part collides with another building or it becomes difficult to enter the parking lot.
[0057]
Note that the flat focusing reflector of the present invention can be mounted not only on the roof portion 27 as described above but also on the side wall of the vehicle 26 or the like. Even in this case, the antenna does not protrude greatly from the wall surface and does not come into contact with other vehicles.
[0058]
(Example 4)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 9 shows a fourth embodiment in which the flat focusing mirror of the present invention is attached to a building. The flat plate-type focusing mirror 30 used in this embodiment also has the same configuration as the flat plate-type focusing mirror in the first embodiment or the second embodiment. In this embodiment, a flat main body 33 is attached to the outer wall 32 of the building 31, and ring-shaped uneven surfaces forming a plurality of reflecting portions (zones) on the surface 34 of the flat main body 33 are concentric. The concave surfaces of these zones are used as electromagnetic wave reflecting surfaces. The reflecting surface of each zone arranged on the surface 34 is formed so that the electromagnetic waves reflected by the reflecting surfaces of all the zones converge at a predetermined position in front of the surface 34 of the reflecting mirror. With such a configuration, it is possible to realize a low-profile reflector antenna having a high gain by using the entire area or a part of the area of the external wall 32 of the building 31 as the area of the reflector.
[0059]
It should be noted that the flat focusing reflector 30 of the present invention can be attached to the building 3 1 not only on the outer wall 32 as described above but also on the rooftop. In this case, when installing the antenna on the building 31, the low profile antenna can be easily attached, and installation work and the like can be performed easily and inexpensively. Further, the flat focusing reflector 30 can be attached to an inclined roof. In this case, a part or all of the area of the roof can be used as the reflector area of the antenna, and a reflector antenna having a high gain can be realized correspondingly. Furthermore, the inclination of the roof makes it easier to align the inclination of the reflector with the elevation direction of the satellite. Even in the case of a large-area reflector, there is no concern that the antenna will be blown even if wind blows.
[0060]
(Example 5)
FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show another example of a storage box for storing a flat plate type reflecting mirror as a reflecting mirror of a reflecting mirror antenna device as a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 10 is a perspective view showing a state in which the storage box is completely opened in the direction of the arrow S in the figure and turned upside down, and FIG. 11 is a view showing the outside of the box itself by spreading the plate member of the storage box turned upside down. It is a perspective view which shows the use condition used as an antenna with the surface.
[0061]
The storage box 41 includes a box body 42 and a lid member 43 attached to the box body 42 so as to be openable and closable. The storage box 41 has a square box structure as a whole, and the bottom surface of the box body 42 and the top surface of the lid member 43 are formed in a substantially flat plate shape. In addition, two plate members 44 a and 44 b are attached to the outer bottom surface of the box body 42, while two plate members 45 a and 45 b are attached to the outer top surface of the lid member 43. The plate members 44a and 44b are installed on the outer bottom surface of the box main body 42 in a state of being divided into left and right sides, and hinged at the left and right end edges, respectively, so that they can be opened and closed in the directions of arrows S1 and S2. Similarly, the plate members 45a and 45b are installed on the outer upper surface of the lid member 43 in a state of being divided into both left and right sides, and hinged at the left and right end edges, respectively, so that they can be opened and closed in the directions of arrows S3 and S4. It has been. Reference numerals 46, 47, 48, and 49 are hinge portions.
[0062]
Then, when the plate member 44a, 44b of the box body 42 and the plate member 45a, 45b of the lid member 43 are opened with the lid member 43 of the storage box 41 opened and turned over (FIG. 11), the outer bottom surface of the box body 42, A ring-shaped uneven surface 50 is formed concentrically on the outer upper surface of the lid member 43 and the inner surfaces of the plate members 44a, 44b, 45a, 45b. The ring-shaped uneven surface 50 is an electromagnetic wave reflecting surface.
[0063]
Since the storage box 41 has such a configuration, the lid member 43 is opened and turned upside down, and when the plate members 44a, 44b, 45a, and 45b are opened, the storage box 41 becomes a plate member having a large area. When a member that is fixed at a predetermined inclination angle facing and is equipped with an electromagnetic wave taking-in or electromagnetic radiation function is provided, the electromagnetic wave can be transmitted or received by performing a certain transmission / reception operation. The data transmission operation can be performed. This aspect realizes a reflecting mirror of another aspect as compared with the case in which the storage box 11 in the first embodiment described above uses the lid member 13 and the inner side surface thereof is a reflecting surface. Further, the area of the reflecting mirror of this example is about four times that of the first embodiment, and a high antenna gain can be obtained correspondingly.
[0064]
When the operation of data transmission such as communication or broadcasting is finished, each plate member 44 a, 44 b, 45 a, 45 b is folded, various devices are placed in the storage box 41 and the lid member 43 is simply closed, and the flat plate-type focusing mirror Can be stored. In this case, since the reflecting mirror has a planar structure, interference with other equipment housed in the storage box can be minimized, and the space occupied by the reflecting mirror can be minimized. In addition, by folding each of the plate members 44a, 44b, 45a, 45b, the ring-shaped uneven surface 50 serving as an electromagnetic wave reflecting surface is trapped inside the plate members 44a, 44b, 45a, 45b. It is protected without being exposed to external laws.
[0065]
(Example 6)
FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention in which a flat plate type reflecting mirror is used as a reflecting mirror of a reflecting mirror antenna. This figure shows another example of a storage box equipped with a flat-type focusing reflector so that the storage box 41 can be completely opened in the direction of arrow S in the same manner as in the fifth embodiment. Turn it over and use it as an antenna.
[0066]
The storage box 41 is structurally the same as that of the fifth embodiment, and includes a box main body 42 and a lid member 43 attached to the box main body 42 so as to be openable and closable. The storage box 41 has a square box structure as a whole, and the bottom surface of the box body 42 and the top surface of the lid member 43 are formed in a substantially flat plate shape. However, unlike the fifth embodiment, the first ring-shaped uneven surface 51 is formed concentrically on the outer surface 53 of the bottom of the box body 42, while the upper surface (outer surface) of the lid member 43. A second ring-shaped concavo-convex surface 52 having a pitch different from that of the first ring-shaped concavo-convex surface 51 is formed concentrically at 54. The first and second ring-shaped concavo-convex surfaces 51 and 52 are a plurality of reflecting surfaces that reflect electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths.
[0067]
Due to such a configuration, the storage box 41 can realize an antenna device having two flat-type focusing reflectors when the lid member 43 is opened and turned upside down. That is, one of the reflecting mirrors (for example, the reflecting mirror having the first ring-shaped uneven surface 52) is provided with an electromagnetic wave radiation member, and this reflecting mirror is used as a reflecting mirror of an antenna for electromagnetic wave transmission. The other reflecting mirror (the reflecting mirror having the second ring-shaped uneven surface 51) is provided with an electromagnetic wave capturing member, and this reflecting mirror is used as an antenna reflecting mirror for receiving electromagnetic waves. Thereby, the antenna suitable for the use which performs electromagnetic wave transmission and electromagnetic wave reception at a different frequency only by opening a storage box is realizable.
[0068]
In the case of the sixth embodiment, ring-shaped uneven surfaces 51 and 52 are provided on the outer surfaces of the box main body 42 and the lid member 43, so that these ring-shaped uneven surfaces 51 and 52 are damaged. However, it can be protected by attaching an appropriate protective member such as a cover to any of the uneven surfaces 51 and 52.
[0069]
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 13 shows, as a second embodiment of the present invention, a flat plate type focusing surface having a flat type reflecting surface and dividing the reflecting surface into parallel strip-like areas (zones) to form predetermined uneven surfaces in each zone. It is a front view of a reflecting mirror. This flat focusing reflector has the same function in principle as the parabolic cylindrical reflector described in the prior art. In FIG. 13, the vertical direction (vertical direction) is the X-axis direction in XYZ orthogonal coordinates, and the horizontal direction (horizontal direction) is the Z-axis direction. A direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 13 is a Y-axis direction.
[0070]
The flat plate type reflecting mirror 61 according to this embodiment also has the same configuration as the reflecting mirror 1 in which the ring-shaped uneven surfaces described in the first embodiment are formed concentrically. However, the reflecting mirror 61 has a flat main body 62 and a plurality of uneven zones 63 (63-1, 63-2, 63-3,...) Formed on the surface of the main body 62. is doing. In the zone 63, one point of the reflecting mirror 61 is set as a central point, and a zone including this point and having a certain width in the vertical direction is set as a central zone (zone number n = 1) 63-1. Peripheral zones 63-2, 63-3,... (Zone number n) that are curved in a low profile in the direction of the X axis in a plurality of rows and extend in the direction of the Z axis in both the upper and lower directions of the central zone 63-1. = 2, 3, 4,...
[0071]
The central zone 63-1 and the peripheral zones 63-2, 63-3,... Are curved in a low profile shape in the X-axis direction. Further, the profile shape of each of the zones 63-1, 63-2, 63-3,... Does not depend on the direction perpendicular to the bending direction (that is, the Z-axis direction), and these zones 63-1, 63-2, 63-3, ... extend substantially linearly in the Z-axis direction. Here, the phrase “does not depend on the direction perpendicular to the bending direction” means that there is no shape change such as bending, undulation, unevenness, or step in the direction perpendicular to the bending direction. means. That is, the curved concave surfaces of the zones 63-1, 63-2, 63-3,... Extend in a substantially straight line while maintaining the curved shape in a direction substantially perpendicular to the curved direction. Yes. Further, the zones 63-1, 63-2, 63-3,... Are arranged in parallel in the bending direction, and the curved concave surface of each zone serves as an electromagnetic wave reflecting surface.
[0072]
From the above, the structural feature of the reflecting mirror 61 in the present embodiment is that there are a plurality of substantially partially cylindrical zones that are curved in a predetermined direction and extend substantially linearly in a direction perpendicular to the bay direction. And the plurality of zones are arranged in parallel in the bending direction.
[0073]
The center point is set at a substantially central portion in the vertical direction of the reflecting mirror 61 as seen in FIG. 13. The “center point” here means the center of reflection, and the position of the center. Not limited to this, it may be set at an arbitrary position of the reflecting mirror 61 (for example, a position unevenly distributed in the vertical direction from the center). In addition, the concave shape of each zone 63-1, 63-2, 63-3,... Is reflected by the concave surface of each zone 63-1, 63-2, 63-3,. The electromagnetic wave is formed in a straight line at a predetermined position in front of the reflecting mirror surface of the reflecting mirror 61 so as to converge in a straight line parallel to the extending direction of these zones. The convergence state is equivalent to that the electromagnetic wave reflected by the parabolic cylindrical reflecting mirror 102 used in the past as shown in FIG. 15 converges linearly at a predetermined position in front of the reflecting surface. is there.
[0074]
In order to reflect such electromagnetic waves, the shape of the concave surface of each zone 63 is expressed as a function of X and Y in XYZ orthogonal coordinates as shown in FIG. It does not change in the Z direction (does not curve).
[0075]
The position of the central zone 63-1 (zone number n = 1) including the central point of the reflecting mirror 61 and the shape of the reflecting surface are the first from the central point of the reflecting mirror surface toward the outside in the low profile curve direction of the zone. It is computable by description using FIG. 3 in embodiment, and is represented by the following formula | equation.
[0076]
When zoning is performed in the X-axis direction on the surface of the reflector main body placed on the XZ plane of XYZ orthogonal coordinates, the center point (also the start point coordinates) and end point of the center zone (zone number n = 1) The position of
Center point coordinates: X₁ ^A= 0
End point coordinate: X₁ ^D= 1/2 {λ (4r₀−λ)}^1/2
And
The curved surface shape of the central zone is the relative height h of the uneven surface (reflecting surface) of the central zone with respect to the XZ plane.₁In terms of
h₁= (X²/ (4r₀−λ)) + λ / 4
However, 0 ≦ X ≦ X₁ ^DIt is.
here,
λ: Wavelength of electromagnetic wave
r₀: Normal distance between the XZ plane (surface level of the reflector body) and the focal point
It is.
[0077]
In addition, the positions of the peripheral zones 63-2, 63-3,... (Zone number n = 2, 3, 4,. It can be calculated from (Expression 1) to (Expression 5) toward the outside of the low profile curve direction of the zone, and is expressed by the following expression.
Zone number: n ≠ 1, n = 2, 3, 4, ...
Zone start and end point locations (coordinates)
Start point coordinates:
X_n ^A= 1/2 {(2n-3) λ (4r₀+ (2n−3) λ)}^1/2
End point coordinates:
X_n ^D= 1/2 {(2n-1) λ (4r₀+ (2n−3) λ)}^1/2
age,
The curved surface shape of the peripheral zone is defined as the relative height h of the uneven surface (reflective surface) of the peripheral zone with respect to the XZ plane._nIn terms of
h_n= [(X²/ {4r₀+ (2n-3) λ}]-(2n-3) λ / 4
However, X_n ^A≦ X ≦ X_n ^DIt is.
here,
n: Peripheral zone number counted from the central zone (central zone number n = 1)
λ: Wavelength of electromagnetic wave
r₀: Normal distance between the XZ plane (surface level of the reflector body) and the focal point
It is.
[0078]
As described above, the position and curved surface shape of each zone in the flat plate type reflecting mirror of the present embodiment are determined. Further, in the flat plate type reflecting mirror of the present invention, even in the case of the reflecting mirror 1 in which the ring-shaped uneven surface as in the first embodiment is formed concentrically or as in the second embodiment. Even in the case of the reflector 61 in which a plurality of strip-like areas that are curved in a predetermined direction and extend in a direction perpendicular to the bending direction are divided and arranged in the bending direction, the position of the zone and the curved surface shape It is clear that is expressed by the same formula.
[0079]
In addition, although the example over Example 1-Example 6 was demonstrated as a usage example of the flat plate type | mold focusing reflector which concerns on 1st Embodiment, the same utilization aspect is the flat plate which concerns on this 2nd Embodiment. It can also be realized in a type focusing reflector.
[0080]
As described above, various application forms can be considered for the flat plate-type focusing reflector of the present invention, and excellent effects are exhibited in each application situation.
[0081]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the antenna reflector used for satellite broadcasting and communication is made planar, the effect of reducing restrictions on the antenna installation location even in the case of a large-area reflector is effective. can get.
[0082]
Even when the area of the reflecting mirror is large, it is convenient to fold, store and carry the reflecting mirror, and various effects can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a schematic structure of a flat plate type reflecting mirror of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a principle diagram illustrating the logic for determining the position of a peripheral zone and the shape of a reflecting surface on the reflecting mirror surface of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a principle diagram illustrating the logic for determining the position of the central zone including this point and the shape of the reflecting surface when one point of the reflecting mirror surface of the present invention is set as the center point of zoning.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the principle of zoning in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a storage box provided with a flat plate type reflecting mirror for storing a transceiver unit as a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of the flat focusing reflector of the present invention.
FIG. 7A is a side view showing a mounting state in which the concave member is disposed opposite to the outside of the focal point of the electromagnetic wave reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror in the second embodiment.
(B) In the second embodiment, a side view showing a mounting state in which the reflecting member is disposed so that the convex surface faces the inside of the focal point of the electromagnetic wave reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror.
FIG. 8 is a side view showing a third embodiment in which the flat plate type reflecting mirror of the present invention is provided in a communication relay vehicle.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a fourth embodiment in which the flat plate type reflecting mirror of the present invention is attached to a building.
FIG. 10 shows another example of a storage box equipped with a reflecting mirror for storing a transmitter / receiver unit or the like using a flat plate type reflecting mirror as a reflecting mirror of a reflecting mirror antenna device as a fifth embodiment of the present invention; Is a perspective view showing the state that is opened and turned upside down
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a use state in the fifth embodiment, in which the storage box is opened and turned over, and the plate member is further spread and used as a reflector of the reflector antenna device together with the outer surface of the box itself.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention in which a flat plate type reflecting mirror is used as a reflecting mirror of a reflecting mirror antenna device;
FIG. 13 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, a flat plate-type focusing reflection having a flat-plate-type reflecting mirror surface and dividing the reflecting mirror surface into parallel zones and forming predetermined uneven surfaces in each zone. Front view of mirror
FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a parabolic reflector antenna that has been widely used in the past.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna that has been widely used in the past.
16A is a view for explaining the operation principle when the antenna device shown in FIG. 14 or FIG. 15 performs electromagnetic wave reception;
(B) The figure explaining the principle of operation in the case of performing electromagnetic wave transmission of the antenna device shown in FIG. 14 or FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 15, 30, 61 Reflector
2 (Reflector) body
3, 63 zones
11 Storage box
12, 42 Box body
13, 43 Lid member
14 Inner side
16, 28, 33 body
17 Concave
18, 29 Reflector surface
19 Reflective member
20 Support member
21 Electromagnetic radiation / uptake member
25 Reflector
26 Vehicle
27 Roof
31 Building
32 Outer wall
34 Surface
41 Storage box
44a, 44b, 45a, 45b plate members
46, 47, 48, 49 Hinge
50, 51, 52 (Ring shape) Uneven surface

Claims (11)

A ring-shaped reflecting surface that forms a plurality of zones is concentrically arranged on the surface of the flat reflector body, and all the zones when electromagnetic waves reach the reflecting surfaces of these zones from a distance. Is formed into a shape that is reflected by the reflecting surface and converges to one point in front of the flat plate,
The shape and position of the reflection surface of the central zone are expressed by the following formula from the center of the concentric circles outward in the radial direction,
When zoning in the X-axis direction with respect to the surface of the reflector main body placed on the XZ plane of the XYZ orthogonal coordinates, the positions of the center point and end point of the center zone (zone number n = 1) are
Center point coordinates: X ₁ ^A = 0
End point coordinates: X ₁ ^D = ^1/2 {λ (4 r ₀ −λ)} ^1/2
age,
When the curved surface shape of the central zone is expressed by the relative height h ₁ of the uneven surface (reflecting surface) of the central zone with respect to the XZ plane,
h ₁ = ( X ² / (4 r ₀ −λ)) + λ / 4
However, 0 ≦ X ≦ X ₁ ^D It is.
here,
λ: Wavelength of electromagnetic wave
r ₀ : Distance on the normal line between the XZ plane (surface level of the main body of the reflecting mirror) and the focal point.
Also,
When zoning the surface of the reflector body placed on the XZ plane of the XYZ Cartesian coordinates in the X-axis upward direction, the shape and position of the reflecting surface in the peripheral zone is directed radially outward from the center of the concentric circle. Represented by the following formula:
The position of the start point and end point of the surrounding zone (zone number n = 2, 3, 4,...)
Start point coordinates:
X _n ^A = 1/2 {(2n−3) λ (4 r ₀ + (2n−3) λ)} ^1/2
End point coordinates:
X _n ^D = 1/2 {(2n−1) λ (4 r ₀ + (2n−3) λ)} ^1/2
age,
The curved surface shape of the peripheral zone is expressed by the relative height h _n of the uneven surface (reflecting surface) of the peripheral zone with respect to the XZ plane.
h _n = [( X ² / {4 r ₀ + (2n−3) λ}] − (2n−3) λ / 4
However, it is ^{_{X n A ≦ X ≦ X n}} D.
here,
n: peripheral zone number counted from the central zone (central zone number n = 1) λ: wavelength of electromagnetic wave
r ₀ : Distance on the normal line between the XZ plane (surface level of the main body of the reflecting mirror) and the focal point.
A flat plate-type focusing reflector characterized by that. A low-profile reflecting surface that curves only in a predetermined direction for forming a plurality of zones is arranged in parallel in the bending direction on the surface of the flat reflector body, and the profile shape of each zone is in the bending direction. The curved shape is maintained in a direction perpendicular to the surface and extends in a substantially straight line, and when the electromagnetic waves arrive from a distance from these zones, the reflected surfaces of all zones are reflected. And in a shape that converges on a straight line parallel to the direction in which each zone extends in front of the flat plate,
When a plurality of zones are formed with one point of the reflecting surface as a central point in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which each zone extends, the position of the central zone including the central point and the shape of the reflecting surface are the same as those of the reflecting surface. From this center point toward the outside of the zone's low profile curve direction, it is expressed by the following formula,
When zoning in the X-axis direction with respect to the surface of the main body of the reflector placed on the XZ plane of the XYZ orthogonal coordinates, the positions of the center point and end point of the center zone (zone number n = 1) are
Center point coordinates: X ₁ ^A = 0
End point coordinates: X ₁ ^D = ^1/2 {λ (4 r ₀ −λ)} ^1/2
age,
When the curved surface shape of the central zone is expressed by the relative height h ₁ of the uneven surface (reflecting surface) of the central zone with respect to the XZ plane,
h ₁ = ( X ² / (4 r ₀ −λ)) + λ / 4
However, 0 ≦ X ≦ X ₁ ^D It is.
here,
λ: Wavelength of electromagnetic wave
r ₀ : Distance on the normal line between the XZ plane (surface level of the main body of the reflecting mirror) and the focal point.
Also,
When a plurality of zones are formed with one point on the reflecting surface as the central point, the position of the zone (peripheral zone) not including this central point (peripheral zone) and the shape of the reflecting surface are the low profile curve of the zone from this central point on the reflector surface. Represented by the following formula toward the direction outward,
When zoning the surface of the reflector body placed on the XZ plane of the XYZ Cartesian coordinates outward in the low profile bending direction of the zone (this is the X-axis upward direction), the peripheral zone (zone number n = 2, 3, 4,...)
Start point coordinates:
X _n ^A = 1/2 {(2n−3) λ (4 r ₀ + (2n−3) λ)} ^1/2
End point coordinates:
X _n ^D = 1/2 {(2n−1) λ (4 r ₀ + (2n−3) λ)} ^1/2
age,
The curved surface shape of the peripheral zone is expressed by the relative height h _n of the uneven surface (reflecting surface) of the peripheral zone with respect to the XZ plane.
h _n = [( X ² / {4 r ₀ + (2n−3) λ}] − (2n−3) λ / 4
However, it is ^{_{X n A ≦ X ≦ X n}} D.
here,
n: peripheral zone number counted from the central zone (central zone number n = 1) λ: wavelength of electromagnetic wave
r ₀ : Distance on the normal line between the XZ plane (surface level of the main body of the reflecting mirror) and the focal point.
A flat plate-type focusing reflector characterized by that.   A box main body for storing a transceiver unit and the like, and a lid member attached to the box main body so as to be openable and closable. The lid member is formed in a substantially flat plate shape, and the inner surface or the outer surface of the lid member. A transceiver unit storage box with a flat plate type focusing reflector, wherein the flat plate type reflecting mirror according to claim 1 or 2 is provided.   The reflecting surface of each zone formed on the surface of the flat plate-shaped body is formed so that the electromagnetic waves of a predetermined frequency reflected by the reflecting surfaces of all the zones converge at a predetermined position in front of the reflecting mirror surface, and A member adapted to reflect or absorb electromagnetic waves on the plate-shaped body side by attaching a reflecting member that reflects and reflects the electromagnetic waves at a predetermined position different from the convergence position of the reflected electromagnetic waves in the forward direction of the reflecting mirror surface of the body. The flat plate type reflecting mirror according to claim 1, wherein electromagnetic waves are transmitted and received on the flat plate-shaped main body side.   A communication relay vehicle characterized in that a flat plate-like main body is attached to the outer surface of the roof portion of the vehicle, and the flat plate-type focusing reflector according to claim 1 or 2 is provided on the surface of the flat plate-like main body.   A flat plate-like main body is attached to the outer surface of the flat roof portion or the side wall of the building, and the flat plate-type focusing mirror according to claim 1 or 2 is provided on the surface of the flat plate-like main body. A structure with a flat plate-type focusing reflector.   5. The flat plate type reflecting mirror according to claim 4, wherein the opposing angle and position of each of the electromagnetic wave reflecting surface and the reflecting member can be arbitrarily adjusted.   A box main body for storing a transceiver unit and the like, and a lid member attached to the box main body so as to be openable and closable; a bottom surface of the box main body and an upper surface of the lid member are formed in a substantially flat plate shape; The flat focusing reflector according to claim 1 or 2 is provided on the outer surface of the main body and the outer surface of the lid member. When the lid member is opened and turned over, the reflector mirror of the reflector antenna is provided. A transmitter / receiver unit storage box with a flat plate-type focusing reflector, capable of transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves.   Plate members are respectively attached to the outer bottom surface of the box body and / or the outer top surface of the lid member so as to be openable and closable, and the surfaces of these plate members continuous to the bottom surface and / or the top surface are claimed in claim 1 or claim. 16. The transmitter / receiver unit storage box with a flat plate-type focusing reflector according to claim 15, wherein the flat plate-type focusing reflector according to claim 2 is provided.   The flat plate type reflecting mirror is characterized in that a plurality of reflecting surfaces constituting one kind of reflecting mirror as a whole are formed from the outer bottom surface of the box body to the outer top surface of the lid member. Item 10. The transmitter / receiver unit storage box with a flat plate-type focusing mirror according to item 8 or 9.   10. A plurality of reflecting surfaces constituting two or more different kinds of reflecting mirrors are formed on the outer bottom surface of the box body and the outer top surface of the lid member. Transmitter / receiver unit storage box with a flat plate-type focusing reflector as described.

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