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JP3941308B2 - Copper alloy with excellent hot workability - Google Patents
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JP3941308B2 - Copper alloy with excellent hot workability - Google Patents

Copper alloy with excellent hot workability Download PDF

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JP3941308B2
JP3941308B2 JP34057499A JP34057499A JP3941308B2 JP 3941308 B2 JP3941308 B2 JP 3941308B2 JP 34057499 A JP34057499 A JP 34057499A JP 34057499 A JP34057499 A JP 34057499A JP 3941308 B2 JP3941308 B2 JP 3941308B2
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Prior art keywords
mass
copper alloy
hot workability
hot
excellent hot
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JP34057499A
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JP2001158927A (en
Inventor
慶平 ▲冬▼
元 佐々木
浩一 古徳
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Hitachi Cable Ltd
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Hitachi Cable Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、熱間加工性に優れた銅合金に関し、特に、熱間加工時に割れを発生させることのないCu−Fe系銅合金に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、半導体装置のリードフレーム等の電子部品、あるいは端子、コネクター等の電気部品に使用される銅合金として、Feを1.5〜3量%含有し、さらに、0.01〜0.1量%のPと0.03〜1量%のZnを含有し、残りがCuおよび不可避的不純物から成る合金組成を有し、優れた強度と導電性を兼ね備えた銅合金が知られている。
【0003】
このCu−Fe系合金においては、Feの含有量が1.5〜3量%のときに優れた強度と導電性が得られるとされているが、実際には、2.3量%を超えてFeが存在するとFe系晶出物が巨大化しやすくなる性質を有しており、従って、一般には、Feの量を1.5〜2.3量%に設定するのが普通である。
【0004】
通常、この銅合金からリードフレーム等を製造するには、次の手順を経る。
まず、前記成分組成となるように素材を溶解して銅合金の溶湯を調整し、これを連続あるいは半連続的に鋳造して鋳塊を製造し、次いで、この鋳塊を800〜1050℃の高温で熱間圧延することによって熱延板を製作する。
【0005】
次に、製作された熱延板を水冷して面削加工した後、冷間圧延、時効熱処理および表面研磨加工を繰り返し行い、最終圧延加工と歪み取り焼鈍処理を施すことにより銅合金条を製造し、その後、この銅合金条にプレス加工、打ち抜き加工、曲げ加工等の金属加工を加え、メッキ処理を施すことによって所定のリードフレームあるいは端子、コネクタ等とする。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、従来のこの種の銅合金によると、鋳造割れや、熱間圧延の際に熱延材のエッジ部に耳割れを発生させやすい問題を有している。一旦、耳割れを発生させた熱延材は、銅合金条に加工した後にその耳割れ部を除去したとしても、熱間加工中の粒界割れを原因とした欠陥部を内蔵させていることが多く、このため、このような銅合金条を使用してリードフレームを製造すると、打ち抜き加工や曲げ加工時におけるリードの折損、あるいは熱処理段階での割れやメッキ膨れなどを多発させる恐れがある。
【0007】
従って、本発明の目的は、鋳造割れや熱間加工時の耳割れを防ぐことのできる熱間加工性に優れた銅合金を提供することにある。また、本発明の他の目的は、従来のCu−Fe系合金よりも機械的特性および耐熱性を向上させた熱間加工性に優れる銅合金を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記の目的を達成するため、Feを1.8〜2.3質量%、Pを0.01〜0.1質量%、Znを0.05〜1.0質量%、Snを0.05〜0.3質量%、およびCを15〜100質量ppm含有し、残りがCuの合金から成ることを特徴とする熱間加工性に優れた銅合金を提供するものである。
【0009】
一般に、銅合金等の連続あるいは半連続鋳造においては、鋳塊表層の数mmを除いた内部は、徐々に冷却される形で凝固する。このため、凝固後の冷却過程では、限界を超えて固溶した合金元素が、結晶粒界および結晶粒内に析出するようになる。
【0010】
一方、Cu−Fe系合金の常温でのCu中へのFeの固溶は、0.3%以下であり、従って、たとえば、Cu−2.3%Fe−0.03%P−0.12%Znの銅合金の場合には、2%以下のFeが結晶粒界および結晶粒内に析出することになるが、結晶粒界にFeが多量に析出すると、高温下での粒界のすべりが起きにくくなり、このため、粒界の高温強度が悪化して熱間加工時に割れが発生するようになる。
【0011】
本発明は、特定の合金元素を特定の量のもとに添加することにより鋳造組織の結晶粒を微細化するとともに、結晶粒界へのFeの析出を抑制し、これによって粒界の中高温強度と中高温脆性を改善して熱間加工性を向上させ、さらに、機械的特性および耐熱性の面でも特性の向上を図るもので、以下、各元素の添加理由と、その添加量設定の根拠を述べる。
【0012】
Feには、Cu中に固溶および析出して強度および耐熱性を向上させる作用があり、この作用に充分なものを得るためには、少なくとも1.8量%が必要となる。また、添加量が2.3量%を超過すると、鋳造中に晶出あるいは析出するFeの粒子が巨大化し、プレス加工等の金属加工性の悪化、あるいは得られるリードフレーム等の半田付け時の劣化やメッキの膨れ等の不具合を招くようになる。従って、Feの添加量は、1.8〜2.3量%に制限される。より好ましい添加量としては、1.9〜2.2量%に設定することができる。
【0013】
Pは、銅合金を溶解させて鋳造するときの脱酸のために混入される。その添加量は、下限においては充分な脱酸作用を得るため、そして、上限においては、脱酸効果が飽和するようになることと導電率および加工性を維持する目的から、0.01〜0.1量%の範囲に設定される。より好ましい添加量は、0.02〜0.05量%である。
【0014】
Znには、脱酸および脱ガス作用と、Cuのマイグレーション形成を抑えて漏洩電流を抑制する作用があり、これらの作用を得るためには、少なくとも0.05量%が必要となる。また、その上限値としては、1.0量%に設定する必要があり、これを超えると、導電性が低下するので避ける必要がある。より好まし範囲としては、0.08〜0.2量%に設定することができる。
【0015】
Snは、Cu中に固溶しての強度および耐熱性の向上と、鋳造中におけるFe粒子晶出の分散化のために混入される。これらの目的のためには、少なくとも0.05量%が必要であり、一方、添加量が0.3量%を超過すると、混入効果が飽和するとともに導電率を低下させるようになる。より好ましいSnの含有量は、0.1〜0.2量%である。
【0016】
Cには、溶湯中のFeと反応して結晶核となるFe−C粒子を形成し、これにより鋳造組織を微細化する作用があり、この作用に適度なものを得るためには、含有量を15〜100量ppmに設定する必要がある。C量が15質量ppm以上であれば、上記の作用を有することを確認しており、しかして、100量ppmを超過するときには、0.01mm以上の粗大なFe−C粒子を形成するようになる。より好ましいC量としては、5〜50量ppmの範囲に設定することができる。
【0017】
なお、本発明による銅合金の中には、不可避的に混入する不純物は当然含まれ、また、発明の目的を阻害しないかぎり、他の成分の添加が可能である。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明による熱間加工性に優れた銅合金の実施の形態を説明する。
電気銅をカーボン粉末で被覆することにより大気から遮断し、低周波誘導溶解炉で溶解した後、表1に示されるC以外の元素を添加することによって成分調整を行い、次いで、カーボン粉末で被覆された合金溶湯中に低周波誘導撹拌を利用して表1の量のCを含有させた。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003941308
【0020】
次に、これらの溶湯を、カーボン粉末で被覆した鋳造樋を介して鋳型にそれぞれ鋳造し、厚さが150mm、幅が450mm、および長さが3500mmの銅合金鋳塊を製造した後、これらを950℃の温度下で熱間圧延することにより、厚さが11mmの熱延板を製造した。熱間圧延作業は、1パス毎の圧下率を約18%に設定し、圧延最終温度が650℃以下となるように条件を設定して行った。
【0021】
次いで、このようにして得られた熱延板の上下面を面削することによって厚さが10mmの板とし、さらに、これを冷間圧延することによって2mmの厚さまで圧延し、600℃で1時間の時効熱処理を施した。次に、熱処理した板の表面から酸化膜を除去し、2次冷間圧延を行って厚さが0.8mmのシート材とした後、圧下率75%で最終圧延を行い、厚さが0.2mmのCu−Fe系合金条を得た。
【0022】
表1に、実施例と比較例の熱間圧延時における割れの発生状況、結晶組織、および完成合金条の特性を示す。なお、割れの観察は圧延パス毎に行い、何回目のパスのときに割れが発生したかを表示した。表中の平均結晶粒径および最大Fe晶出寸法は、銅合金鋳塊の横断面における表面近傍3点と、同横断面における中央部3点の計6点(各例とも同じ)について、1点当たりの観察面積を20mm×20mmに設定して結晶組織を観察し、測定した結果を示したものである。また、軟化温度は、サンプルを所定の試験温度で5時間加熱したとき、加熱後のビッカース硬さが加熱前のビッカース硬さの90%になる試験温度とした。
【0023】
表1によれば、実施例1〜4がいずれも熱間圧延時に割れを発生させていないのに比べ、SnとCを含有しない比較例1の場合には、3回目のパスで熱延板のエッジに割れが発生しており、また、Snを含有しない比較例2の場合にも2回目のパスで割れが発生している。さらに、Cの含有量が本発明で限定する範囲よりも少ない比較例3とCを含有しない比較例4の場合には、いずれも1回目と3回目のパスでエッジ割れと表面割れが発生しているとともに、それぞれ5回目と4回目のパスで崩壊に至っている。
【0024】
これらの熱間加工性の差は、結晶組織によるものであり、熱間加工性に優れる実施例1〜4が、いずれも3mm以下の小さな平均結晶粒径と0.01mm以下の微細なFe晶出寸法を有しているのに比べ、比較例1〜4の場合には、格段に大きな数値を示しており、この結晶組織の違いが熱間加工性の差となって現れたものである。また、実施例1〜4と比較例1、2の間には、引張強さと伸びの機械的特性において大きな差が認められ、さらに、耐熱性を示す軟化温度においても顕著な差が認められる。
【0025】
SnとCを、それぞれ本発明が限定する数量を超えて含有する比較例5および6の場合には、いずれも良好な熱間加工性を示している。しかし、これらと実施例1〜4を比較すると、比較例5は、引張強さ、伸びおよび導電率において大きく劣り、一方、比較例6は、Fe晶出寸法において極端に粗大であるとともに、引張強さと伸びの機械的特性においても大きく劣り、特に、伸び特性は格段に低い。
【0026】
Fe、P、Zn、SnおよびCを同時に含み、それぞれの含有量を特定の範囲に設定することによって成立する本発明の銅合金は、表1に示されるように、3mm以下の平均結晶粒径と0.01mm以下のFe晶出寸法を有する微細な鋳造組織とすることによって熱間加工時における熱延板の割れを防止するとともに、熱間加工および冷間加工を経て得られる合金条に、530N/mm2 以上の引張強さ、4.5%以上の伸び、66%IACS以上の導電率、および430℃以上の軟化温度特性を与えるものであり、リードフレーム等の原材料として最適な特質を有している。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明による銅合金によれば、1.8〜2.3質量%のFeと、0.01〜0.1質量%のPと、0.05〜1.0質量%のZnと、0.05〜0.3質量%のSnと、15〜100質量ppmのCと、残部Cuから成る合金組成とすることにより、熱間加工性、機械的特性および耐熱性に優れた銅合金を提供するものであり、トランジスタや集積回路のリードのような電子部品用コネクタ、端子のような電子部品用としてその有用性は大である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a copper alloy having excellent hot workability, and more particularly to a Cu-Fe-based copper alloy that does not generate cracks during hot working.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, electronic components such as a lead frame of a semiconductor device or terminal, as the copper alloy used in the electrical components of the connector and the like, and Fe containing 1.5 to 3 mass%, further 0.01 to 0.1 containing mass% of P and 0.03 to 1 mass% of Zn, having an alloy composition the remainder consisting of Cu and unavoidable impurities, is known a copper alloy having both excellent strength and conductivity Yes.
[0003]
In the Cu-Fe-based alloy, although superior strength and conductivity when the content is 1.5 to 3 mass% of Fe is to be obtained, in practice, 2.3 mass% beyond the Fe is present has the property of Fe-based crystallized substance is easily huge, thus, generally, is usual to set the amount of Fe in the 1.5 to 2.3 mass% is there.
[0004]
Usually, a lead frame or the like is manufactured from this copper alloy through the following procedure.
First, a raw material is melted so as to have the above component composition to prepare a molten copper alloy, and this is continuously or semi-continuously cast to produce an ingot, and then this ingot is heated to 800 to 1050 ° C. Hot rolled sheets are produced by hot rolling at high temperatures.
[0005]
Next, the manufactured hot-rolled sheet is water-cooled and face-machined, then cold rolling, aging heat treatment and surface polishing are repeated, and the final rolling process and strain relief annealing are performed to produce a copper alloy strip Thereafter, the copper alloy strip is subjected to metal processing such as press processing, punching processing, bending processing, and the like, and is subjected to a plating process to obtain a predetermined lead frame, terminal, connector, or the like.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to the conventional copper alloy of this type, there is a problem that it is easy to generate an ear crack at the edge portion of the hot rolled material during casting cracking or hot rolling. Once the hot-rolled material that caused the ear cracks has been processed into a copper alloy strip, the cracked parts are removed and the defect caused by intergranular cracking during hot working must be incorporated. For this reason, when a lead frame is manufactured using such a copper alloy strip, there is a risk of frequent breakage of the lead at the time of punching or bending, cracking or plating swelling at the heat treatment stage.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a copper alloy excellent in hot workability that can prevent casting cracks and ear cracks during hot working. Another object of the present invention is to provide a copper alloy that is superior in hot workability and has improved mechanical properties and heat resistance as compared to conventional Cu-Fe alloys.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention achieves Fe of 1.8 to 2.3 mass%, P of 0.01 to 0.1 mass%, Zn of 0.05 to 1.0 mass%, and Sn of The present invention provides a copper alloy excellent in hot workability, characterized by containing 0.05 to 0.3% by mass and 15 to 100% by mass of C, with the remainder being an alloy of Cu.
[0009]
In general, in continuous or semi-continuous casting of a copper alloy or the like, the inside of the ingot surface layer excluding several mm solidifies in a gradually cooled form. For this reason, in the cooling process after solidification, the alloy elements that are dissolved in excess of the limit are precipitated in the crystal grain boundaries and in the crystal grains.
[0010]
On the other hand, the solid solution of Fe in Cu at room temperature of the Cu—Fe-based alloy is 0.3% or less, and therefore, for example, Cu-2.3% Fe-0.03% P-0.12 In the case of a copper alloy of% Zn, 2% or less of Fe precipitates in the crystal grain boundaries and in the crystal grains. However, if a large amount of Fe precipitates in the crystal grain boundaries, the grain boundary slips at high temperatures. For this reason, the high-temperature strength of the grain boundary deteriorates and cracks occur during hot working.
[0011]
The present invention refines the crystal grain of the cast structure by adding a specific alloy element under a specific amount, and suppresses the precipitation of Fe to the crystal grain boundary. It improves the hot workability by improving strength and medium-high temperature brittleness, and further improves the characteristics in terms of mechanical properties and heat resistance. State the rationale.
[0012]
The Fe, has the effect of improving the strength and heat resistance by solid solution and precipitated in Cu, in order to obtain sufficient to this effect, at least 1.8 mass% is required. Further, the added amount exceeds 2.3 mass%, particles of Fe crystallized or precipitated giant during casting, when soldering such as a lead frame deterioration of metallic workability such as press working, or obtained This causes problems such as deterioration of the plating and swelling of the plating. Therefore, the amount of Fe is limited to 1.8 to 2.3 mass%. A more preferred amount can be set to 1.9 to 2.2 mass%.
[0013]
P is mixed for deoxidation when the copper alloy is melted and cast. The addition amount is 0.01 to 0 in order to obtain sufficient deoxidation action at the lower limit, and to maintain the conductivity and workability at the upper limit so that the deoxidation effect becomes saturated. It is set in the range of .1 mass%. More preferred amount is 0.02 to 0.05 mass%.
[0014]
The Zn, and deoxidation and degassing effect by suppressing the migration formation of Cu has the effect of suppressing the leakage current, in order to obtain these effects, at least 0.05 mass% is required. As the upper limit value, it must be set to 1.0 mass%, beyond which conductivity is necessary to avoid by being lowered. A more preferable range can be set to 0.08 to 0.2 mass%.
[0015]
Sn is mixed in order to improve the strength and heat resistance of the solid solution in Cu and to disperse the crystallization of Fe particles during casting. For these purposes, it is necessary at least 0.05 mass%, whereas, if the amount added exceeds 0.3 mass%, mixed effect is to lower the conductivity with saturated. A more preferred content of Sn is 0.1 to 0.2 mass%.
[0016]
C has an action of forming Fe—C particles that become crystal nuclei by reacting with Fe in the molten metal, thereby refining the cast structure. the need to set the 15-100 mass ppm. If the amount of C is 15 ppm by mass or more, has been confirmed to have the effect described above, Thus, when it exceeds 100 mass ppm is to form a 0.01mm or more coarse Fe-C particles become. More preferred amount of C, can be set in the range of 1 5 to 50 mass ppm.
[0017]
The copper alloy according to the present invention naturally includes impurities inevitably mixed in, and other components can be added as long as the object of the invention is not impaired.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of a copper alloy excellent in hot workability according to the present invention will be described.
After covering the electrolytic copper with carbon powder from the atmosphere, melting in a low frequency induction melting furnace, adjusting the components by adding elements other than C shown in Table 1, then coating with carbon powder The amount of C shown in Table 1 was contained in the molten alloy using low frequency induction stirring.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003941308
[0020]
Next, these molten metals were cast into molds through casting irons coated with carbon powder to produce copper alloy ingots having a thickness of 150 mm, a width of 450 mm, and a length of 3500 mm. A hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 11 mm was manufactured by hot rolling at a temperature of 950 ° C. The hot rolling operation was performed by setting the rolling reduction per pass to about 18% and setting the conditions so that the final rolling temperature was 650 ° C. or lower.
[0021]
Then, the upper and lower surfaces of the hot-rolled sheet obtained in this way are chamfered to form a plate having a thickness of 10 mm, and further, this is cold-rolled to a thickness of 2 mm. Time aging heat treatment was applied. Next, after removing the oxide film from the surface of the heat-treated plate and performing secondary cold rolling to obtain a sheet material having a thickness of 0.8 mm, final rolling is performed at a reduction rate of 75%, and the thickness is 0 A 2 mm Cu—Fe alloy strip was obtained.
[0022]
Table 1 shows the occurrence of cracks, the crystal structure, and the properties of the finished alloy strip during hot rolling in Examples and Comparative Examples. In addition, the crack was observed for each rolling pass, and the number of passes at which the crack occurred was displayed. The average crystal grain size and the maximum Fe crystallization size in the table are as follows: 3 points in the vicinity of the surface in the cross section of the copper alloy ingot and 3 points in the central part in the cross section (total of 6 points in each example) The observation area per dot is set to 20 mm × 20 mm, the crystal structure is observed, and the measurement results are shown. The softening temperature was a test temperature at which the Vickers hardness after heating was 90% of the Vickers hardness before heating when the sample was heated at a predetermined test temperature for 5 hours.
[0023]
According to Table 1, in the case of the comparative example 1 which does not contain Sn and C, compared with the Examples 1-4 which do not generate | occur | produce a crack at the time of hot rolling, it is a hot-rolled sheet by the 3rd pass. Cracks have occurred at the edges of the film, and cracks have also occurred in the second pass in the case of Comparative Example 2 that does not contain Sn. Furthermore, in the case of Comparative Example 3 in which the C content is less than the range limited in the present invention and Comparative Example 4 in which C is not contained, both edge cracks and surface cracks occurred in the first and third passes. In addition, it has collapsed in the 5th and 4th passes respectively.
[0024]
These differences in hot workability are due to the crystal structure, and Examples 1-4, which are excellent in hot workability, all have small average crystal grain sizes of 3 mm or less and fine Fe crystals of 0.01 mm or less. Compared to having a protruding dimension, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 show a significantly larger numerical value, and this difference in crystal structure appears as a difference in hot workability. . In addition, between Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a large difference is observed in the mechanical properties of tensile strength and elongation, and a significant difference is also observed in the softening temperature indicating heat resistance.
[0025]
In the case of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 each containing Sn and C in excess of the quantity limited by the present invention, both show good hot workability. However, comparing these with Examples 1-4, Comparative Example 5 is significantly inferior in tensile strength, elongation and conductivity, while Comparative Example 6 is extremely coarse in Fe crystallization dimensions and tensile The mechanical properties of strength and elongation are also greatly inferior, and the elongation properties are particularly low.
[0026]
The copper alloy of the present invention, which contains Fe, P, Zn, Sn, and C at the same time and is established by setting each content in a specific range, has an average crystal grain size of 3 mm or less as shown in Table 1. In addition to preventing cracking of the hot-rolled sheet during hot working by making a fine cast structure having an Fe crystallization dimension of 0.01 mm or less, and an alloy strip obtained through hot working and cold working, Gives tensile strength of 530N / mm2 or more, elongation of 4.5% or more, conductivity of 66% IACS or more, and softening temperature characteristics of 430 ° C or more. is doing.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As explained above, according to the copper alloy of the present invention, 1.8 to 2.3 mass% Fe, 0.01 to 0.1 mass% P, and 0.05 to 1.0 mass%. The alloy composition is composed of Zn, 0.05 to 0.3% by mass of Sn, 15 to 100 ppm by mass of C, and the balance Cu, so that it is excellent in hot workability, mechanical properties and heat resistance. Copper alloy is provided, and its usefulness is great for connectors for electronic components such as transistors and lead materials for integrated circuits and for electronic components such as terminals.

Claims (3)

Feを1.8〜2.3量%、Pを0.01〜0.1量%、Znを0.05〜1.0量%、Snを0.05〜0.3量% 、およびCを15〜100量ppm含有し、残りがCuおよび不可避不純物から成る組成を有することを特徴とする熱間加工性に優れた銅合金。Fe and 1.8 to 2.3 mass%, a P 0.01 to 0.1 mass%, 0.05 to 1.0 mass% of Zn, 0.05 to 0.3 mass of Sn %, and C contain 15 to 100 mass ppm, hot workability excellent copper alloy and having a composition the remainder consisting of Cu and unavoidable impurities. 前記組成を有する鋳造物は、3mm以下の平均結晶粒径を有し、0.01mm以下のFe晶出寸法を有することを特徴とする請求項1項記載の熱間加工性に優れた銅合金。  The copper alloy having excellent hot workability according to claim 1, wherein the casting having the composition has an average crystal grain size of 3 mm or less and an Fe crystallization size of 0.01 mm or less. . 前記組成を有する銅合金条は、530N/mm2 以上の引張強さ、4.5%以上の伸び、66%IACS以上の導電率、および所定の試験温度で5時間以上加熱したとき加熱後のビッカース硬さが加熱前のビッカース硬さの90%になる試験温度についていう軟化温度が430℃以上の軟化温度を有することを特徴とする請求項1項記載の熱間加工性に優れた銅合金。The copper alloy strip having the above composition has a tensile strength of 530 N / mm @ 2 or more, an elongation of 4.5% or more, a conductivity of 66% IACS or more, and a Vickers after heating when heated at a predetermined test temperature for 5 hours or more. The copper alloy having excellent hot workability according to claim 1, wherein the softening temperature at a test temperature at which the hardness is 90% of the Vickers hardness before heating has a softening temperature of 430 ° C. or more.
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