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JP3943282B2 - Ceramic tube and induction heating furnace using the same - Google Patents
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JP3943282B2 - Ceramic tube and induction heating furnace using the same - Google Patents

Ceramic tube and induction heating furnace using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3943282B2
JP3943282B2 JP12687099A JP12687099A JP3943282B2 JP 3943282 B2 JP3943282 B2 JP 3943282B2 JP 12687099 A JP12687099 A JP 12687099A JP 12687099 A JP12687099 A JP 12687099A JP 3943282 B2 JP3943282 B2 JP 3943282B2
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tube
ceramic
heating furnace
core tube
induction heating
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JP2000319721A (en
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優 岡元
浩明 二本松
節夫 黒松
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KUROMATSU ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
NGK Insulators Ltd
NGK Adrec Co Ltd
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KUROMATSU ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
NGK Insulators Ltd
NGK Adrec Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車、建設機械、電機製品、農業機械等の各種部品を、例えば鍛造(塑性)加工によって製造する際に、被加熱材であるビレット材等の鋼材を加熱するために使用される誘導加熱炉に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
各種機械部品を温熱間鍛造加工によって製造する際には、被加熱材であるビレット材が、予め、加熱炉によって加熱された後に、鍛造加工されるようになっている。このような鍛造加工用加熱炉としては、燃焼式加熱炉に替わって、誘導加熱炉が普及している。誘導加熱炉は、ビレット材が搬送される炉心管にコイルを巻回した構造をとり、当該コイルに通電することによって、炉心管内を搬送されるビレット材が電磁誘導加熱される仕組みとなっている。
【0003】
誘導加熱炉の炉心管は、目的に応じて、実公平2-4120号公報、実公昭62-13722号公報に開示されたような単管構造、特開平10-272534号公報に開示されたような二重管構造等、種々の形状のものが用いられるが、これらの炉心管を構成する材質としては、熱効率を向上させ、強度を確保する観点から、高熱伝導率、高強度、高輻射率を有し、アルカリ、アルミニウム、炭酸ガス、酸化雰囲気等に対する耐磨耗性に優れる、炭化珪素質の耐火セラミックを使用することが好ましいとされている(特開平10-272534号公報)。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、炉心管材料として炭化珪素質の耐火セラミックを用いた場合でも、▲1▼炉心管の熱特性が充分でないことに起因して加熱初期に不良が発生したり、▲2▼炉心管の耐食性、対衝撃性が不足しているために炉心管が腐食し、或いは破損する等の問題が生じる場合があり、未だ炉心管を構成する材料としての必要条件を充分に満足しているとは言えなかった。
【0005】
本発明は、このような従来技術の問題を解決するためのものであって、その目的とするところは、炉心管材料として充分な熱特性を有し、耐食性、耐衝撃性が高いセラミックチューブ、及び加熱初期に不良が発生し難く、エネルギーのロスが少ない誘導加熱炉を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らが上記従来技術の問題点について鋭意検討した結果、比熱、熱伝導率、見掛け気孔率、ヤング率の4特性が特定の範囲内にあるセラミックが炉心管材料としての必要条件を十分満足することを見出して本発明を完成した。
【0007】
即ち、本発明によれば、誘導加熱炉の炉心管を構成するためのセラミックチューブであって、比熱が2kJ/kg・K以下、熱伝導率が75W/m・K以上、見掛け気孔率が2%以下、ヤング率が150GN/m2以上であるセラミックからなることを特徴とするセラミックチューブが提供される。
本発明のセラミックチューブは、金属Si含有量が2〜35重量%のSi−SiCからなるものであることが好ましい。
【0008】
更に、本発明によれば上記のセラミックチューブにより炉心管を構成したことを特徴とする誘導加熱炉が提供される。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、誘導加熱炉の一般的な構成について図面を参照しながら概説した上で、本発明のセラミックチューブについて詳細に説明する。
但し、本発明は図示の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0010】
図1は、誘導加熱炉の一般的な構成を示す縦断面図である。
誘導加熱炉は、炉心管内部を電磁誘導により加熱する加熱炉であって、例えば円筒状のビレット材等を鍛造加工するために用いられるものである。
【0011】
図示の誘導加熱炉は、炉心管11を外殻14で固定してなる複数の加熱ブロック10からなり、各加熱ブロック10は、ビレット材20を所定温度に加熱するために必要な長さになるように、所定の個数が並列されている。
また、各加熱ブロック10は、ビレット材20を連続的に送り込めるように炉心管11開口部が一致するように、水平方向に並列されている。
【0012】
炉心管11は、図示の如くビレット材20が送り込まれる側の開口端にフランジ部11cが設けられる場合もあるが、フランジ部11c以外は一定の厚さを有する管状構造になっている。また、炉心管11の外周面は、全体にわたって、断熱材12によって覆われている。
【0013】
炉心管11には、断熱材12を介して銅製のコイル導管13が巻回されている。このコイル導管13は、断面四角形の中空パイプ状になっており、その外周面は絶縁材によって被覆されている。更に、コイル導管13の内部には、冷却水が通流されるようになっている。
【0014】
炉心管11は、ノンアスベスト等の耐熱材によって構成された外殻14の中心部に、水平状態に架設されて、各端部がアルミナセメント15によって、外殻14に固定されている。
【0015】
誘導加熱炉においては、コイル導管13への通電による電磁誘導によって炉心管11内部が加熱される。従って、誘導加熱炉入口側の炉心管11開口部からプッシャー、ピンチローラー等によって炉心管11内にビレット材20を連続的に送り込むことにより、ビレット材20が、各加熱ブロック10の炉心管11内を順番に通過し、順次加熱され、最後の加熱ブロック10における炉心管11内では、1200℃程度の高温に加熱される。
【0016】
本発明のセラミックチューブは、比熱、熱伝導率、見掛け気孔率、ヤング率の4特性が特定の範囲内にあるセラミックからなることを特徴とする。本発明のセラミックチューブは、炉心管材料として充分な熱特性を有し、耐食性、耐衝撃性も高いため、上述のような誘導加熱炉の炉心管として好適に用いることができる。また、本発明のセラミックチューブを炉心管として用いた誘導加熱炉は、加熱初期に不良が発生し難く、エネルギーのロスも少なくすることができる。以下、詳細に説明する。
【0017】
本発明のセラミックチューブを構成するセラミックは以下に掲げる4つの特性を備えていることが必要である。
第1には、比熱が低いセラミック、具体的には比熱が2kJ/kg・K以下のセラミックであることが必要である。このようなセラミックは、炉心管の初期加熱が早めることができ、加熱初期に発生する不良を防止できるとともにエネルギーのロスを減少させることができるからである。
【0018】
第2には、熱伝導率が高いセラミック、具体的には熱伝導率が50W/m・K以上のセラミックであることが必要である。このようなセラミックはチューブ内で熱が拡散し易いため、加熱開始時やビレット入口側等の温度差がつきやすい部分におけるチューブのスポーリングによる破損を防止できるとともに、局部的なオーバーヒート状態を生じても速やかに均熱状態に戻ることからチューブ表面の劣化を防止することができるからである。
【0019】
第3には、見掛け気孔率が低いセラミック、具体的には見掛け気孔率が2%以下のセラミックであることが必要である。このようなセラミックは、炉内雰囲気、或いはビレット材から発生するスラグ等が炉心管内部に浸透し難くなるため、高い耐食性を得ることができるからである。
【0020】
第4には、ヤング率が高いセラミック、具体的にはヤング率が150GN/m2以上のセラミックであることが必要である。ビレット材が炉心管内を通過する際には、炉心管に対して強い衝撃が加わるが、ヤング率が高いセラミックであれば高い耐衝撃性を得ることができるからである。
【0021】
上述の通り、本発明のセラミックチューブを構成するセラミックは、上記の4特性を満たすセラミックである限りにおいて、従来用いていたSiCに限定されない。一方、上記の4特性を満たさないものについては、たとえSiCであっても本発明の効果を得ることができない。
以下、上記4特性を満たすセラミックの具体例を挙げる。
【0022】
▲1▼Si−SiC
一般にSi−SiCとは金属SiとSiCを構成成分として含む焼結体を総称するが、上記4特性を満たすSi−SiCとしては、本出願人が特開平5-270917号公報で開示した、SiC粉体、黒煙粉、有機質バインダー及び、水分又は有機溶剤を含有してなる成形用原料を成形し、当該成形体を金属Si雰囲気で、かつ減圧の不活性ガス雰囲気又は真空中において、1350〜2500℃で焼成する方法により製造してなるSi−SiC焼結体が挙げられる。
【0023】
上記のSi−SiC中でも、金属Si含有量が2〜35重量%のSi−SiCであることが好ましい。
金属Siが2重量%未満では見掛け気孔率が本発明の範囲より高くなったり、或いはヤング率が本発明の範囲より低下する場合があり、35重量%超では比熱が本発明の範囲より大きくなるおそれがあるからである。
【0024】
▲2▼Si34
上記4特性を満たすSi34としては、例えばSi34原料粉末に、イットリア等の焼結助剤を添加混合して成形後、焼成して得られるSi34焼結体が挙げられる。
【0025】
以上説明したように、上記4特性を満たすセラミックで構成されたセラミックチューブは、炉心管材料として充分な熱特性を有し、耐食性、耐衝撃性も高いため、上述のような誘導加熱炉の炉心管として好適に用いることができる。また、本発明のセラミックチューブを炉心管として用いた誘導加熱炉は、加熱初期に不良が発生し難く、エネルギーのロスも少なくすることができる。
【0026】
なお、本発明の誘導加熱炉は、上記4特性を満たすセラミックで構成されたセラミックチューブで炉心管を構成している限りにおいて、炉心管の構造は特に限定されない。即ち、本発明のセラミックチューブは、実公平2-4120号公報、実公昭62-13722号公報に開示されたような単管構造、特開平10-272534号公報に開示されたような二重管構造等、種々の形状の炉心管の材料として好適に用いることができる。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、本発明のセラミックチューブについて、種々の特性を有するセラミックからなるセラミックチューブを、図1に示す誘導加熱炉の炉心管とした実施例により更に詳細に説明する。
但し、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0028】
(1)セラミックチューブの材質
セラミックチューブの材質としては、SiC(比較例1)、ムライト(比較例5)、Si34結合SiC(比較例4)、Si34 (実施例8)、Si−SiC(実施例1〜7、比較例2〜3)のいずれかを使用した。これらの材質を使用した場合の製造方法を以下に示す(SiC(比較例1)を除く。)とともに、製造されたセラミックチューブ(以下、「評価試験体」という。)の特性評価結果を表1に示す。
【0029】
▲1▼ムライト:最大粒径150μmの骨材となるアンダルサイト60重量%、微粉の粘土15重量%及びアルミナ25重量%からなる混合物100重量%に対し、30重量%の水を添加しポットミルで8時間混合後、更に0.5重量%のバインダを添加してスラリーを作製し、鋳込み成形により成形体を得た。
当該成形体は乾燥後、大気雰囲気下、1450℃で3時間焼成して評価試験体とした。
【0030】
▲2▼Si34結合SiC:最大粒径150μmの骨材となるSiC45重量%、粒径44μm以下の微粉のSiC40重量%及び金属Si15重量%からなる混合物100重量%に対し、20重量%の水を添加しポットミルで8時間混合後、更に0.5重量%のバインダを添加してスラリーを作製し、鋳込み成形により成形体を得た。当該成形体は乾燥後、窒素雰囲気下、1400℃で5時間焼成して評価試験体とした。
【0031】
▲3▼Si34:平均粒径10μmのSi3495重量%、焼結助剤のY235重量%からなる混合物100重量%に対し、30重量%の水を添加しポットミルで8時間混合してスラリーを作製した。当該スラリーは鋳込み成形、CIP処理を施すことにより成形体とし、窒素雰囲気下、1900℃で焼成して評価試験体とした。
【0032】
▲4▼Si−SiC:最大粒径150μmの骨材となるSiC65重量%、平均粒径10μmの微粉のSiC30重量%からなる混合物95重量%に対し、平均粒径12μmの黒鉛粉、有機バインダ、平均粒径500μmの増孔材、水を添加し混合した後、鋳込み成形により成形体を得た。
当該成形体は乾燥後、金属Si雰囲気で、かつ、真空中において、1650℃で焼成することにより金属Siを含浸させ、評価試験体とした。なお、金属Si含有量は金属Si、黒鉛粉、増孔剤の添加量により制御した。
【0033】
【表1】

Figure 0003943282
【0034】
(2)炉心管構造
実施例、比較例においては、前記の評価試験体を図2に示す構造の炉心管に構成した。炉心管11は、内部管体11bと外部管体11aとからなる二重管構造とした。内部管体11bは断面六角形の筒状体を二等分した形状の下部半体と、断面正十二角形の筒状体を二等分した形状の上部半体とを当接してなる長さ700mmの中空管状に構成した。
【0035】
上部半体の厚さは4mm、下部半体の厚さは6mmとし、下部半体よりも上部半体を薄く構成した。
外部管体11aは外径120mm、内径100mm、厚さ10mmの中空円筒状に構成した。
【0036】
(3)評価方法
初期加熱効率については、実施例、比較例の炉心管を図1の誘導加熱炉に配設し、常温から運転温度の1250℃まで昇温する際に、ビレット材−炉心管接触部A点が運転温度に達するまでの時間t1(秒)と、前記A点が運転温度に達した後、前記A点、上部管体と下部管体との接触部B点、上部管体最上部C点の温度差Δtが5℃以内となるまでの時間t2(秒)とによって評価した。
【0037】
耐食性については、50mm角×厚さ10mmのテストピース上に1gのスラグを載せた状態で、1250℃で50時間保持した後、図3に示す如くスラグ載置面を厚さ方向に切断し、侵食層とスラグ浸透層の厚みを測定することにより評価した。
【0038】
耐衝撃性については、衝撃試験器を用いて、縦140mm×横30mm×厚さ6mmのテストピースに対してビレット材通過時の衝撃の10倍の衝撃を加え、テストピースが破壊されるまでの回数を測定することにより評価した。
【0039】
(4)評価結果
▲1▼初期加熱効率
セラミックチューブの比熱と、ビレット材−炉心管接触部A点が運転温度に達するまでの時間t1(秒)との相関について検証した。その結果を表2に示す。
【0040】
【表2】
Figure 0003943282
【0041】
表2に示すように、比熱が本発明の範囲外である比較例3〜比較例5はt1が420秒以上かかったのに対し、比熱が2kJ/kg・K以下である、実施例1〜実施例8についてはt1が360秒以下に短縮され、初期加熱を早めることができた。即ち、加熱初期に発生する不良の防止、エネルギーロスの減少を期待できる。
【0042】
次に、セラミックチューブの熱伝導率と、ビレット材−炉心管接触部A点が運転温度に達した後、前記A点、上部管体と下部管体との接触部B点、上部管体最上部C点の温度差Δtが5℃以内となるまでの時間t2(秒)との相関について検証した。その結果を表2に示す。
【0043】
表2に示すように、熱伝導率が本発明の範囲外である比較例4〜比較例5はt2が70秒以上かかったのに対し、熱伝導率が50W/m・K以上である、実施例1〜実施例8についてはt2が65秒以下に短縮された。
即ち、ビレット材等の被加熱体と非接触の部分の加熱速度、及び加熱初期の炉心管からの熱放射率を高めることが期待できる。
【0044】
▲2▼耐食性
セラミックチューブの見掛け気孔率と、耐食性との相関について検証した。
その結果を表2に示す。
【0045】
表2に示すように、見掛け気孔率が本発明の範囲外である比較例1,比較例2,比較例5はスラグによる侵食が認められ、侵食層も含めるとテストピース厚みの1.8mm以上までスラグが浸透した。
【0046】
一方、見掛け気孔率が2%以下である、実施例1〜実施例8についてはスラグによる侵食は殆ど認められず、スラグの浸透も最大でも0.5mmに止まり、高い耐食性が確認された。特に見掛け気孔率が0%のSi−SiCについては、極めて高い耐食性が確認された。
【0047】
▲3▼耐衝撃性
セラミックチューブのヤング率と、耐衝撃性との相関について検証した。
その結果を表4に示す。
【0048】
表2に示すように、ヤング率が本発明の範囲外である比較例1,比較例2,比較例4,比較例5は衝撃を加える回数が100回未満でもテストピースが破損したのに対し、ヤング率が150GN/m2以上である、実施例1〜実施例8については350回以上衝撃を加えてもテストピースは破壊されず、高い耐衝撃性が確認された。即ち、ビレット材が炉心管内を通過する際に強い衝撃が加わっても破損することがない炉心管を構成することが期待できる。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した通り、本発明のセラミックチューブは、炉心管材料として充分な熱特性を有し、耐食性、耐衝撃性も高いため、誘導加熱炉の炉心管として好適に用いることができる。
また、本発明のセラミックチューブを炉心管として用いた誘導加熱炉は、加熱初期に不良が発生し難く、エネルギーのロスも少なくすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 誘導加熱炉の一の実施形態を示す縦断面図である。
【図2】 炉心管の一の実施形態を示す横断面図である。
【図3】 耐食性試験の方法を示す概略説明図であって、(a)は斜視図、(b)は縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10…加熱ブロック、11…炉心管、11a…外部管体、11b…内部管体、11c…フランジ部、12…断熱材、13…コイル導管、14…外殻、20…ビレット材、30…テストピース、31…スラグ、32…侵食層、33…浸透層。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is used for heating a steel material such as a billet material to be heated when various parts such as automobiles, construction machines, electrical products, and agricultural machines are manufactured by, for example, forging (plasticity) processing. It relates to an induction heating furnace.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When manufacturing various machine parts by hot forging, the billet material, which is a material to be heated, is heated in advance by a heating furnace and then forged. As such a heating furnace for forging, an induction heating furnace is widely used in place of the combustion heating furnace. The induction heating furnace has a structure in which a coil is wound around a core tube to which a billet material is transported, and the billet material transported in the core tube is electromagnetically heated by energizing the coil. .
[0003]
The core tube of the induction heating furnace is a single tube structure as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-4120 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-13722, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-272534, depending on the purpose. Various shapes such as double tube structures are used, but the materials constituting these core tubes are high thermal conductivity, high strength, high emissivity from the viewpoint of improving thermal efficiency and ensuring strength. It is preferable to use a silicon carbide-based refractory ceramic that has excellent wear resistance against alkali, aluminum, carbon dioxide gas, oxidizing atmosphere, and the like (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-272534).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even when silicon carbide-based refractory ceramic is used as the core material, (1) defects in the initial stage of heating occur due to insufficient thermal characteristics of the core tube, and (2) corrosion resistance of the core tube. However, because the impact resistance is insufficient, the core tube may be corroded or broken, and it may still be said that the requirements for the material constituting the core tube are still fully satisfied. There wasn't.
[0005]
The present invention is for solving such problems of the prior art, and the object thereof is a ceramic tube having sufficient thermal characteristics as a core tube material, and having high corrosion resistance and impact resistance. It is another object of the present invention to provide an induction heating furnace in which defects are unlikely to occur at the initial stage of heating and energy loss is small.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on the problems of the above prior art by the present inventors, a ceramic having four characteristics of specific heat, thermal conductivity, apparent porosity, and Young's modulus within a specific range sufficiently satisfies the necessary conditions as a core material of the core. The present invention was completed upon finding satisfaction.
[0007]
That is, according to the present invention, a ceramic tube for constituting a core tube of an induction heating furnace, having a specific heat of 2 kJ / kg · K or less, a thermal conductivity of 75 W / m · K or more, and an apparent porosity of 2 % Or less, and a ceramic tube characterized by comprising a ceramic having a Young's modulus of 150 GN / m 2 or more.
The ceramic tube of the present invention is preferably made of Si—SiC having a metal Si content of 2 to 35% by weight.
[0008]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is provided an induction heating furnace characterized in that a furnace core tube is constituted by the above ceramic tube.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the general configuration of the induction heating furnace will be outlined with reference to the drawings, and then the ceramic tube of the present invention will be described in detail.
However, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.
[0010]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a general configuration of an induction heating furnace.
An induction heating furnace is a heating furnace that heats the inside of a furnace core tube by electromagnetic induction, and is used, for example, for forging a cylindrical billet material.
[0011]
The illustrated induction heating furnace includes a plurality of heating blocks 10 formed by fixing a core tube 11 with an outer shell 14, and each heating block 10 has a length necessary for heating the billet material 20 to a predetermined temperature. Thus, a predetermined number is arranged in parallel.
Further, the heating blocks 10 are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction so that the openings of the core tube 11 coincide so that the billet material 20 can be continuously fed.
[0012]
Although the core tube 11 may be provided with a flange portion 11c at the open end on the side where the billet material 20 is fed as shown in the drawing, the core tube 11 has a tubular structure having a certain thickness except for the flange portion 11c. The outer peripheral surface of the core tube 11 is covered with a heat insulating material 12 throughout.
[0013]
A copper coil conduit 13 is wound around the core tube 11 via a heat insulating material 12. The coil conduit 13 is in the form of a hollow pipe having a square cross section, and the outer peripheral surface thereof is covered with an insulating material. Further, cooling water is passed through the coil conduit 13.
[0014]
The core tube 11 is installed in a horizontal state at the center of the outer shell 14 made of a heat-resistant material such as non-asbestos, and each end is fixed to the outer shell 14 with alumina cement 15.
[0015]
In the induction heating furnace, the interior of the core tube 11 is heated by electromagnetic induction by energization of the coil conduit 13. Therefore, by continuously feeding the billet material 20 into the core tube 11 from the opening of the core tube 11 on the inlet side of the induction heating furnace by a pusher, a pinch roller or the like, the billet material 20 is moved into the core tube 11 of each heating block 10. Are sequentially heated, and are heated to a high temperature of about 1200 ° C. in the core tube 11 in the last heating block 10.
[0016]
The ceramic tube of the present invention is characterized in that it is made of a ceramic having four characteristics within a specific range: specific heat, thermal conductivity, apparent porosity, and Young's modulus. Since the ceramic tube of the present invention has sufficient thermal characteristics as a core material of the core and has high corrosion resistance and impact resistance, it can be suitably used as a core tube of the induction heating furnace as described above. In addition, an induction heating furnace using the ceramic tube of the present invention as a furnace core tube is less likely to cause defects at the initial stage of heating and can reduce energy loss. Details will be described below.
[0017]
The ceramic constituting the ceramic tube of the present invention must have the following four characteristics.
First, it is necessary that the ceramic has a low specific heat, specifically, a ceramic having a specific heat of 2 kJ / kg · K or less. This is because such ceramics can accelerate the initial heating of the furnace core tube, prevent defects occurring in the early stage of heating and reduce energy loss.
[0018]
Second, it is necessary that the ceramic has a high thermal conductivity, specifically, a ceramic having a thermal conductivity of 50 W / m · K or more. Since such ceramics are easy to diffuse heat in the tube, they can prevent damage due to spalling of the tube at the start of heating or at the part where the temperature difference tends to occur such as the billet inlet side, and cause a local overheating state. This is because deterioration of the tube surface can be prevented because the soaking state quickly returns to the soaking state.
[0019]
Third, it is necessary that the ceramic has a low apparent porosity, specifically, a ceramic having an apparent porosity of 2% or less. This is because such ceramics can obtain high corrosion resistance because the furnace atmosphere or slag generated from the billet material does not easily penetrate into the core tube.
[0020]
Fourth, it is necessary that the ceramic has a high Young's modulus, specifically, a ceramic having a Young's modulus of 150 GN / m 2 or more. This is because, when the billet material passes through the core tube, a strong impact is applied to the core tube, but high impact resistance can be obtained if the ceramic has a high Young's modulus.
[0021]
As described above, the ceramic constituting the ceramic tube of the present invention is not limited to the conventionally used SiC as long as the ceramic satisfies the above four characteristics. On the other hand, even if it is SiC about what does not satisfy | fill said 4 characteristics, the effect of this invention cannot be acquired.
Hereinafter, specific examples of the ceramic satisfying the above four characteristics will be given.
[0022]
(1) Si-SiC
In general, Si-SiC is a generic term for sintered bodies containing metallic Si and SiC as constituent components. As Si-SiC satisfying the above four characteristics, the present applicant disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H5-270917. A molding raw material containing powder, black smoke powder, an organic binder, and water or an organic solvent is molded, and the molded body is 1350 in a metal Si atmosphere and in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum. A Si—SiC sintered body produced by a method of firing at 2500 ° C. can be mentioned.
[0023]
Among the above Si-SiC, Si-SiC having a metal Si content of 2 to 35% by weight is preferable.
If the metal Si is less than 2% by weight, the apparent porosity may be higher than the range of the present invention, or the Young's modulus may be lower than the range of the present invention, and if it exceeds 35% by weight, the specific heat is larger than the range of the present invention. Because there is a fear.
[0024]
(2) Si 3 N 4
Examples of Si 3 N 4 satisfying the above four characteristics include Si 3 N 4 sintered body obtained by adding and mixing a sintering aid such as yttria to Si 3 N 4 raw material powder, followed by sintering and firing. It is done.
[0025]
As described above, the ceramic tube made of ceramic satisfying the above four characteristics has sufficient thermal characteristics as a core tube material, and has high corrosion resistance and impact resistance. Therefore, the core of the induction heating furnace as described above is used. It can be suitably used as a tube. In addition, an induction heating furnace using the ceramic tube of the present invention as a furnace core tube is less likely to cause defects at the initial stage of heating and can reduce energy loss.
[0026]
In the induction heating furnace of the present invention, the structure of the core tube is not particularly limited as long as the core tube is formed of a ceramic tube made of ceramic that satisfies the above four characteristics. That is, the ceramic tube of the present invention has a single tube structure as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication Nos. 2-4120 and 62-13722, and a double tube as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-272534. It can be suitably used as a material for various shapes of core tubes such as structures.
[0027]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the ceramic tube of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to an example in which a ceramic tube made of ceramic having various characteristics is used as a core tube of an induction heating furnace shown in FIG.
However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0028]
(1) Material of ceramic tube As a material of the ceramic tube, SiC (Comparative Example 1), Mullite (Comparative Example 5) , Si 3 N 4 bonded SiC (Comparative Example 4) , Si 3 N 4 (Example 8) , Any of Si—SiC (Examples 1 to 7, Comparative Examples 2 to 3) was used. The manufacturing method using these materials is shown below (except for SiC (Comparative Example 1) ), and the characteristic evaluation results of the manufactured ceramic tube (hereinafter referred to as “evaluation specimen”) are shown in Table 1. Shown in
[0029]
(1) Mullite: 30% by weight of water was added to 100% by weight of a mixture consisting of 60% by weight of andalusite, which is an aggregate with a maximum particle size of 150 μm, 15% by weight of fine clay and 25% by weight of alumina. After mixing for 8 hours, a 0.5% by weight binder was further added to prepare a slurry, and a molded body was obtained by casting.
The molded body was dried and then fired at 1450 ° C. for 3 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain an evaluation test body.
[0030]
(2) Si 3 N 4 bonded SiC: 20% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of a mixture consisting of 45% by weight of SiC, which is an aggregate having a maximum particle size of 150 μm, 40% by weight of SiC having a particle size of 44 μm or less, and 15% by weight of metallic Si After adding water for 8 hours and mixing with a pot mill for 8 hours, a 0.5 wt% binder was further added to prepare a slurry, and a molded body was obtained by casting. The molded body was dried and then fired at 1400 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain an evaluation test body.
[0031]
(3) Si 3 N 4 : 30% by weight of water was added to 100% by weight of a mixture consisting of 95% by weight of Si 3 N 4 having an average particle diameter of 10 μm and 5% by weight of Y 2 O 3 as a sintering aid. A slurry was prepared by mixing for 8 hours in a pot mill. The slurry was casted and subjected to CIP treatment to form a molded body, and fired at 1900 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain an evaluation test body.
[0032]
(4) Si-SiC: Graphite powder having an average particle size of 12 μm, organic binder, with respect to 95% by weight of a mixture consisting of 65% by weight of SiC which is an aggregate having a maximum particle size of 150 μm and 30% by weight of SiC having an average particle size of 10 μm After adding and mixing the pore increasing material having an average particle diameter of 500 μm and water, a molded body was obtained by casting.
The molded body was dried, impregnated with metal Si by firing at 1650 ° C. in a metal Si atmosphere and in a vacuum, and used as an evaluation test body. The metal Si content was controlled by the addition amount of metal Si, graphite powder, and pore increasing agent.
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003943282
[0034]
(2) Reactor core tube structure In the examples and comparative examples, the above-mentioned evaluation test specimen was constructed as a reactor core tube having the structure shown in FIG. The core tube 11 has a double tube structure including an inner tube 11b and an outer tube 11a. The inner tubular body 11b is a length formed by abutting a lower half half of a hexagonal cylindrical section and an upper half half of a regular dodecagonal cylindrical section. A 700 mm thick hollow tube was used.
[0035]
The thickness of the upper half was 4 mm, the thickness of the lower half was 6 mm, and the upper half was made thinner than the lower half.
The outer tube 11a was formed in a hollow cylindrical shape having an outer diameter of 120 mm, an inner diameter of 100 mm, and a thickness of 10 mm.
[0036]
(3) Evaluation method Regarding the initial heating efficiency, the core tubes of the examples and comparative examples are arranged in the induction heating furnace of FIG. 1 and when the temperature is raised from room temperature to the operating temperature of 1250 ° C., the billet material-core tube Time t 1 (seconds) until the contact point A reaches the operating temperature, and after the point A reaches the operating temperature, the point A, the contact point B between the upper tube and the lower tube, the upper tube The time t 2 (seconds) until the temperature difference Δt at the uppermost point C of the body was within 5 ° C. was evaluated.
[0037]
For corrosion resistance, in a state where 1 g of slag was placed on a test piece of 50 mm square × 10 mm thickness, after holding at 1250 ° C. for 50 hours, the slag placement surface was cut in the thickness direction as shown in FIG. It evaluated by measuring the thickness of an erosion layer and a slag infiltration layer.
[0038]
For impact resistance, an impact tester was used to apply an impact 10 times the impact when passing through the billet material to a test piece of length 140 mm x width 30 mm x thickness 6 mm until the test piece was destroyed. Evaluation was made by measuring the number of times.
[0039]
(4) Evaluation results {circle around (1)} Initial heating efficiency The correlation between the specific heat of the ceramic tube and the time t 1 (seconds) until the billet-core tube contact point A reaches the operating temperature was verified. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0040]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003943282
[0041]
As shown in Table 2, in Comparative Examples 3 to 5 where the specific heat is outside the range of the present invention, t 1 took 420 seconds or more, whereas the specific heat was 2 kJ / kg · K or less. In Example 8, t 1 was shortened to 360 seconds or less, and the initial heating could be accelerated. That is, it can be expected to prevent defects occurring in the initial stage of heating and reduce energy loss.
[0042]
Next, after the thermal conductivity of the ceramic tube and the point A of the billet material-core tube contact portion A reach the operating temperature, the point A, the point B of contact between the upper tube and the lower tube, and the highest point of the upper tube. The correlation with the time t 2 (seconds) until the temperature difference Δt at the upper C point is within 5 ° C. was verified. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0043]
As shown in Table 2, in Comparative Examples 4 to 5 where the thermal conductivity is outside the range of the present invention, t 2 took 70 seconds or more, whereas the thermal conductivity was 50 W / m · K or more. In Examples 1 to 8, t 2 was shortened to 65 seconds or less.
That is, it can be expected to increase the heating rate of the part not in contact with the object to be heated, such as a billet material, and the thermal emissivity from the core tube in the initial stage of heating.
[0044]
(2) The correlation between the apparent porosity of the corrosion-resistant ceramic tube and the corrosion resistance was verified.
The results are shown in Table 2.
[0045]
As shown in Table 2, in Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 5 in which the apparent porosity is outside the scope of the present invention, erosion due to slag is observed, and when the erosion layer is included, the test piece thickness is 1.8 mm or more. Slag penetrated until.
[0046]
On the other hand, in Examples 1 to 8 in which the apparent porosity was 2% or less, almost no erosion by slag was observed, and the penetration of slag remained at a maximum of 0.5 mm, and high corrosion resistance was confirmed. In particular, extremely high corrosion resistance was confirmed for Si—SiC having an apparent porosity of 0%.
[0047]
(3) Impact resistance The correlation between the Young's modulus of the ceramic tube and the impact resistance was verified.
The results are shown in Table 4.
[0048]
As shown in Table 2, in Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5 whose Young's modulus is outside the scope of the present invention, the test piece was damaged even when the number of impacts was less than 100 times. In Examples 1 to 8 having a Young's modulus of 150 GN / m 2 or more, the test piece was not broken even when impact was applied 350 times or more, and high impact resistance was confirmed. That is, it can be expected that a core tube that does not break even when a strong impact is applied when the billet material passes through the core tube can be expected.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the ceramic tube of the present invention can be suitably used as a core tube of an induction heating furnace because it has sufficient thermal characteristics as a core tube material and has high corrosion resistance and impact resistance.
In addition, an induction heating furnace using the ceramic tube of the present invention as a furnace core tube is less likely to cause defects at the initial stage of heating and can reduce energy loss.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of an induction heating furnace.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a core tube.
3A and 3B are schematic explanatory views showing a method of a corrosion resistance test, where FIG. 3A is a perspective view and FIG. 3B is a longitudinal sectional view.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Heating block, 11 ... Core tube, 11a ... Outer tube, 11b ... Inner tube, 11c ... Flange part, 12 ... Heat insulation material, 13 ... Coil conduit, 14 ... Outer shell, 20 ... Billet material, 30 ... Test Piece, 31 ... slag, 32 ... erosion layer, 33 ... penetration layer.

Claims (2)

誘導加熱炉の炉心管を構成するためのセラミックチューブであって、
比熱が2kJ/kg・K以下、熱伝導率が50W/m・K以上、見掛け気孔率が2%以下、ヤング率が150GN/m2以上であるSi 3 4 又はSi−SiCからなることを特徴とするセラミックチューブ。
A ceramic tube for constituting a core tube of an induction heating furnace,
It consists of Si 3 N 4 or Si—SiC having a specific heat of 2 kJ / kg · K or less, a thermal conductivity of 50 W / m · K or more, an apparent porosity of 2% or less, and a Young's modulus of 150 GN / m 2 or more. Characteristic ceramic tube.
請求項1に記載のセラミックチューブにより炉心管を構成したことを特徴とする誘導加熱炉。  An induction heating furnace comprising a furnace tube made of the ceramic tube according to claim 1.
JP12687099A 1999-05-07 1999-05-07 Ceramic tube and induction heating furnace using the same Expired - Lifetime JP3943282B2 (en)

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CN102527909A (en) * 2012-01-16 2012-07-04 彭亦楚 Continuous forging furnace

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JP3814490B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2006-08-30 Jfeスチール株式会社 Insulation heating device heat insulating plate and induction heating device
JP2008094661A (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-24 Ngk Insulators Ltd Structural member for ceramic furnace
WO2012014835A1 (en) * 2010-07-26 2012-02-02 日本碍子株式会社 Rack for firing

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102527909A (en) * 2012-01-16 2012-07-04 彭亦楚 Continuous forging furnace
CN102527909B (en) * 2012-01-16 2014-04-30 彭亦楚 Continuous forging furnace

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