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JP3944733B2 - Moldable sheet-like foam mainly composed of plant material and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP3944733B2 - Moldable sheet-like foam mainly composed of plant material and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Moldable sheet-like foam mainly composed of plant material and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3944733B2
JP3944733B2 JP2002375500A JP2002375500A JP3944733B2 JP 3944733 B2 JP3944733 B2 JP 3944733B2 JP 2002375500 A JP2002375500 A JP 2002375500A JP 2002375500 A JP2002375500 A JP 2002375500A JP 3944733 B2 JP3944733 B2 JP 3944733B2
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Prior art keywords
foam
plate
sheet
starch
producing
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JP2004168991A5 (en
JP2004168991A (en
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修史 北村
雄二 松本
哲二 棚町
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株式会社ティエスピー
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  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、植物性材料である澱粉および木粉あるいは紙粉等を主原料とする成型可能なシート状発泡体およびその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、澱粉を主成分とし、ポリプロピレンやポリビニルアルコール等の合成樹脂あるいは生分解性樹脂を混合したものを原料とする発泡体が製造、販売されているが、その用途のほとんどは包装材料としてのバラ状緩衝材である。
【0003】
上記の澱粉およびポリプロピレン等を原料とする板状あるいはシート状の発泡体も製造されているが、澱粉を主成分とする場合、発泡体は引張強度および伸びが小さく、柔軟性に乏しいので脆く、トレイ状に成型することは難しかった。
【0004】
従来、包装材料として使用されている板状あるいはシート状の発泡体および食品容器に広く使用されているトレイは、殆どポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンおよびポリスチレン等の石油を出発原料とする合成樹脂から製造されたものである。
【0005】
しかし、これらの合成樹脂から造られた製品は、使用後廃棄された場合、自然界に存在する微生物により容易に分解されないので環境問題になっている。また、燃焼しようとした場合、発生熱量が高いために焼却炉を傷め易いという問題がある。そこで、これらの問題を解決すべく新しい包装材料やトレイの開発が望まれている。
【0006】
特開2001−011226は、澱粉を主成分とし、強度材としてポリビニルアルコールを、気泡調整材として炭酸カルシウムを添加したものを原料として押出機により発泡体を得る際に、多価アルコールを添加することにより可撓性を有する発泡体が得られることを開示している。
【0007】
特開2001−011221は、酢酸セルロースを主成分とし、澱粉およびタルクや卵殻等の改質材を含有する発泡体に、ポリエチレングリコールあるいはポリプロピレングリコールを加えることにより柔軟性が向上し、カップ麺の容器や食品トレイへの加工性が向上したとしている。
【0008】
しかし、カップ麺の容器の成型加工についての実施例は示されていない。また、特開2001−011226においても、得られた発泡シート材は食品トレイへの適用が可能となると記載されているが、実施例は示されていない。
【0009】
特開2001−011221は、発泡体に可撓性を付与する物質として、ポリエチレングリコールやポリプロピレングリコールを使用している。そして、これらの物質は分子量400以下のものであることが望ましいとしている。
【0010】
また、特開2001−011226は、発泡体に可撓性を付与する物質として、多価アルコールを使用している。そして、多価アルコールとしては3価のアルコールであるグリセリンが好適であるとしている。
【0011】
しかし、これらのポリエチレングリコールやポリプロピレングリコールあるいは多価アルコールを添加したシート状発泡体を食品用トレイに使用した場合、これらの物質が食品へ移行する恐れがある。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように、石油を出発原料とする合成樹脂から造られたトレイや食品容器は使用後廃棄された場合、自然界に存在する微生物により容易に分解されないという環境上の問題がある。
【0013】
一方、澱粉を主成分とする発泡体は脆く、可撓性に欠けるためにシート状に加工することが難しかった。そして、トレイ状に成型加工することは更に難しかった。そのゆえに、発泡体に可撓性を付与するための方法として、特開2001−011221あるいは特開2001−011226に開示されているようにポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコールあるいは多価アルコール等を添加する方法があった。
【0014】
本発明は、これらの点に着目し、植物性材料を主成分とする発泡体にポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコールあるいは多価アルコール等の可撓性付与剤を添加することなく、成型可能なシート状発泡体を製造する方法を提供するものである。
【0015】
さらに、その澱粉を主成分とするシート状発泡体を使用することにより、環境負荷の小さいトレイ状成型品を提供することが出来る。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明者らは、澱粉を主成分とする発泡体、又は、澱粉と木粉あるいは紙粉等とを主成分とする発泡体を、トレイ状に成型加工することが可能なシート状発泡体に加工する方法を見出した。
【0017】
すなわち、澱粉と樹脂とに水を加えたもの、あるいは澱粉と木粉等と樹脂とに水を加えたものを、押出機により押出し板状の発泡体を製造し、この板状発泡体の押出工程に連続して板状発泡体を圧縮する工程を設けることにより、トレイ状に成型加工することが可能なシート状発泡体の製造方法を見出した。
【0018】
澱粉と樹脂とに水を加えて押出機により得られる発泡体、又は、澱粉と木粉あるいは紙粉等と樹脂とに水を加えて押出機により得られる発泡体は、原材料に予め水を加えて2軸あるいは単軸の押出機を用いて製造することが出来る。
【0019】
また、水添加装置を備えた2軸あるいは単軸の押出機を用いて製造することも出来る。ここで得られる発泡体は、押出機先端に取り付けられたダイと板状に賦形するためのサイジングと呼ぶ金型を経て押し出される。
【0020】
押し出された発泡体は、押出し時の流れ方向の機械的強度と流れ方向に直交する方向のそれとに大きな差があった。即ち、流れ方向に直交する方向の引張強度が非常に低かった。
【0021】
そのために、このようにして得られた発泡体を用いてトレイ状に成型しようとしても、成型時に、発泡体製造時の流れ方向に直交する方向に働いた応力により、発泡体が破損しトレイを得ることが出来なかった。
【0022】
本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ね、澱粉と樹脂とを原料とし、あるいは澱粉と木粉等の植物性材料と樹脂とを原料とし、トレイ状に成型可能なシート状発泡体を製造する方法を見出した。
【0023】
即ち、澱粉と樹脂とを原料とし、あるいは澱粉と木粉等と樹脂とを原料とし、水を加えて押し出た板状発泡体を、発泡体の水分が蒸発し温度が下がる前に圧縮することにより、トレイ状に成型可能なシート状発泡体を得ることが出来た。
【0024】
板状発泡体が押出機から押し出された後これを圧縮するまでの時間は、板状発泡体の大きさや押出し速度および製造場所の気温や湿度により左右される。押し出された発泡体は、押し出された直後から時間とともに水分が蒸発し、温度が低下する。
【0025】
そして、押し出された発泡体はサイジングを通過した直後は塑性体であるが、時間とともに水分率および温度が低下すると、弾性を示すようになる。即ち、押し出された発泡体が弾性を示すようになる前に圧縮する必要がある。
【0026】
圧縮して得られるシート状発泡体の厚さは、圧縮される前の板状発泡体の厚さの2分の1以下とする。圧縮率が低く、シート状発泡体の厚さが元の板状発泡体の厚さの2分の1より厚い場合、得られたシート状発泡体の押出し方向に直交する方向の機械的強度がシート成型に十分な強度に達しない。
【0027】
本発明において、原料として使用する澱粉は、コーンスターチ、馬鈴薯澱粉、小麦澱粉、タピオカ澱粉等市販の澱粉を用いることが出来る。木粉および紙粉等の植物性材料としては、これらの材料以外に、茶あるいはい草等を粉末化して使用することが出来る。植物性材料の粉末の大きさは特に限定されるものではないが、粒子径0.3mm以下であることが望ましい。
【0028】
本発明において使用する樹脂としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリビニルアルコール等の熱可塑性合成樹脂およびポリ乳酸、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート等の生分解性樹脂を使用することが出来る。
【0029】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、発明の実施の形態を実施例に基づき説明する。
【0030】
【実施例1】
0.5部のタルクを添加したコーンスターチ65部と、メルトインデックスが12g/10分であるパウダー状ポリプロピレンホモポリマー35部を(株)日本製鋼所製2軸押出機TEX69FCT−21AWに別々に投入し、更に押出機に設置された水添加装置により上記原料の10重量%の水を添加した。
【0031】
押出機先端には厚さ10mm、幅300mmの連続する板状発泡体を得るためのダイとサイジング金型を取り付け、サイジング金型から50cm離れたところに発泡体を圧縮するための装置を設置した。
【0032】
原料の合計投入量200kg/時、シリンダー先端の設定温度180℃、スクリュー回転数250rpmで押出した厚さ10mmの板状発泡体を直ちに圧縮装置で圧縮し、厚さ3mm、幅300mmのシート状発泡体を得た。
【0033】
得られたシート状発泡体の押出方向に直交する方向の引張破断強度は幅50mmの試験片で29.3Nであった。圧縮せずにサンプリングした厚さ10mmの板状発泡体の引張破断強度を同様に測定した結果、6.9Nであった。
【0034】
得られたシート状発泡体を、150℃に加熱したアルミニウム製金型を用いてプレス成型したところ、破れのない深さ3cmのトレイが得られた。圧縮せずにサンプリングした厚さ10mmの板状発泡体を用いて、同様に成型したところ3箇所に幅2mm、長さ2〜3cmの亀裂が見られた。
【0035】
【実施例2】
杉の板材を粉砕して得られた平均粒子径33ミクロンの木粉100重量部にコーンスターチ200重量部と水200重量部を加え、よく混合した後造粒し、風乾により水分含有率9.5%とした。
【0036】
ここで得られた木粉とコーンスターチとから成る細粒65部と、メルトインデックスが12g/10分であるパウダー状ポリプロピレンホモポリマー35部を用い、実施例1と同様に押出発泡を行い厚さ3mm、幅300mmのシート状発泡体と比較のためのサンプルとして圧縮する前の厚さ10mm、幅300mmの板状発泡体を得た。
【0037】
実施例1と同様にこれらのサンプルの引張破断強度を測定した結果、シート状発泡体の引張破断強度は31.6N、板状発泡体のそれは7.1Nであった。
【0038】
実施例1と同様にプレス成型したところ、シート状発泡体からは破損のないトレイを得ることができたが、板状発泡体を成型したものには2箇所に亀裂が見られた。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
従来、コーンスターチ等の澱粉、あるいはコーンスターチと木粉紙粉等の植物性材料を主成分とする発泡体は比較的脆くトレイへの成型が難しかったが、本発明のシート状発泡体はトレイへの成型が可能である。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a moldable sheet-like foam mainly composed of starch, wood powder or paper powder, which is a plant material, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, foams are mainly manufactured and sold using starch as a main component and a mixture of synthetic resin such as polypropylene and polyvinyl alcohol or biodegradable resin, but most of its uses are as packaging materials. It is a buffer material.
[0003]
Plate-like or sheet-like foams made from the above starch and polypropylene are also produced, but when starch is the main component, the foam is brittle because it has low tensile strength and elongation, and lacks flexibility, It was difficult to mold into a tray.
[0004]
Conventionally, plate-like or sheet-like foams used as packaging materials and trays widely used for food containers are mostly made from synthetic resins starting from petroleum such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. It is.
[0005]
However, products made from these synthetic resins are environmental problems because they are not easily decomposed by microorganisms existing in nature when discarded after use. Further, when trying to burn, there is a problem that the incinerator is easily damaged because of the high amount of generated heat. Therefore, development of new packaging materials and trays is desired to solve these problems.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-011226 adds a polyhydric alcohol when a foam is obtained with an extruder using starch as a main component, polyvinyl alcohol as a strength material, and calcium carbonate as a foam regulator. Discloses that a flexible foam can be obtained.
[0007]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-011221 is a cup noodle container in which flexibility is improved by adding polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol to a foam containing cellulose acetate as a main component and containing a modifying material such as starch and talc or eggshell. And processability to food trays is said to have improved.
[0008]
However, no examples are given for the molding process of cup noodle containers. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-011226 also describes that the obtained foamed sheet material can be applied to a food tray, but no examples are shown.
[0009]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-011221 uses polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol as a substance that imparts flexibility to a foam. These substances are preferably those having a molecular weight of 400 or less.
[0010]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-011226 uses a polyhydric alcohol as a substance that imparts flexibility to a foam. As the polyhydric alcohol, glycerin, which is a trivalent alcohol, is preferred.
[0011]
However, when a sheet-like foam to which these polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or polyhydric alcohol is added is used for a food tray, these substances may migrate to food.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, when a tray or a food container made of a synthetic resin starting from petroleum is discarded after use, there is an environmental problem that it is not easily decomposed by microorganisms existing in nature.
[0013]
On the other hand, a foam containing starch as a main component is brittle and lacks flexibility, so it has been difficult to process into a sheet. And it was more difficult to mold into a tray. Therefore, as a method for imparting flexibility to the foam, there is a method of adding polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyhydric alcohol or the like as disclosed in JP-A-2001-011221 or JP-A-2001-011226. there were.
[0014]
The present invention pays attention to these points, and can be molded without adding a flexibility-imparting agent such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polyhydric alcohol to a foam mainly composed of plant material. A method for producing a body is provided.
[0015]
Furthermore, a tray-like molded product with a small environmental load can be provided by using a sheet-like foamed body mainly composed of the starch.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have molded a foam mainly composed of starch or a foam mainly composed of starch and wood powder or paper powder into a tray shape. We have found a method of processing into a sheet-like foam that can be processed.
[0017]
That is, starch as the water was added to the resin, or the starch and wood meal and the resin not containing added water, to produce a plate-shaped foam is extruded by an extruder, the plate-like foam The present inventors have found a method for producing a sheet-like foam that can be molded into a tray by providing a step of compressing the plate-like foam continuously with the extrusion step.
[0018]
Foam obtained by adding water to starch and resin or obtained by an extruder , or foam obtained by adding water to starch and wood powder or paper powder or resin and water is added to the raw material in advance. Can be manufactured using a twin-screw or single-screw extruder.
[0019]
Moreover, it can also manufacture using the twin-screw or single-screw extruder provided with the water addition apparatus. The foam obtained here is extruded through a die attached to the tip of the extruder and a mold called sizing for shaping into a plate shape.
[0020]
The extruded foam had a great difference between the mechanical strength in the flow direction during extrusion and that in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction. That is, the tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction was very low.
[0021]
For this reason, even if an attempt is made to form a tray using the foam obtained in this way, the foam breaks due to stress acting in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction during foam production during molding. I couldn't get it.
[0022]
The inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research and have developed a method for producing a sheet-like foam that can be formed into a tray shape using starch and resin as raw materials, or plant materials such as starch and wood flour and resins as raw materials. I found it.
[0023]
That is, a starch and a resin as a raw material, or a starch and the wood flour or the like resin as a raw material, an outgoing and a plate-like foam press by adding water, compressed before the moisture of the foam decreases the evaporation temperature is As a result, a sheet-like foam that can be molded into a tray was obtained.
[0024]
The time until the plate-like foam is compressed after being extruded from the extruder depends on the size of the plate-like foam, the extrusion speed, and the temperature and humidity at the production site. In the extruded foam, moisture evaporates with time immediately after being extruded, and the temperature decreases.
[0025]
The extruded foam is a plastic body immediately after passing through the sizing, but becomes elastic when the moisture content and temperature decrease with time. That is, it is necessary to compress the extruded foam before it becomes elastic.
[0026]
The thickness of the sheet-like foam obtained by compressing is less than one half of the thickness before the plate-like foam is compressed. When the compression ratio is low and the thickness of the sheet-like foam is greater than half the thickness of the original plate-like foam, the mechanical strength in the direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the obtained sheet-like foam is high. Insufficient strength for sheet molding.
[0027]
In the present invention, commercially available starches such as corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch and tapioca starch can be used as the raw material. As plant materials such as wood powder and paper powder, tea or grass can be used in powder form in addition to these materials. The size of the powder of the plant material is not particularly limited, but it is desirable that the particle diameter is 0.3 mm or less.
[0028]
As the resin used in the present invention, thermoplastic synthetic resins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl alcohol, and biodegradable resins such as polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, and polybutylene succinate adipate can be used.
[0029]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described based on examples.
[0030]
[Example 1]
65 parts of corn starch to which 0.5 part of talc is added and 35 parts of powdery polypropylene homopolymer having a melt index of 12 g / 10 min are separately fed into a twin screw extruder TEX69FCT-21AW manufactured by Nippon Steel Works Further, 10% by weight of the above raw material was added by a water addition device installed in the extruder.
[0031]
At the tip of the extruder, a die and a sizing die for obtaining a continuous plate-like foam having a thickness of 10 mm and a width of 300 mm were attached, and an apparatus for compressing the foam was installed at a distance of 50 cm from the sizing die. .
[0032]
A plate-like foam with a thickness of 10 mm extruded at a set temperature of 180 kg at the tip of the cylinder and a screw rotation speed of 250 rpm is immediately compressed with a compression device, and a sheet-like foam with a thickness of 3 mm and a width of 300 mm. Got the body.
[0033]
The tensile strength at break in the direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the obtained sheet-like foam was 29.3 N for a test piece having a width of 50 mm. It was 6.9 N as a result of measuring similarly the tensile breaking strength of the plate-shaped foam of 10 mm thickness sampled without compressing.
[0034]
When the obtained sheet-like foam was press-molded using an aluminum mold heated to 150 ° C., a 3 cm deep tray without tearing was obtained. When a 10-mm thick plate-like foam sampled without compression was molded in the same manner, cracks having a width of 2 mm and a length of 2 to 3 cm were observed at three locations.
[0035]
[Example 2]
200 parts by weight of corn starch and 200 parts by weight of water are added to 100 parts by weight of wood flour having an average particle size of 33 microns obtained by pulverizing cedar board, and after mixing well, granulated and air-dried to have a water content of 9.5. %.
[0036]
Using the obtained fine particles 65 parts of wood flour and corn starch and 35 parts of a powdery polypropylene homopolymer having a melt index of 12 g / 10 min, extrusion foaming was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to a thickness of 3 mm. to obtain a sheet-like foam of width 300 mm, thickness 10mm prior to compression as a sample for comparison, a plate-like foam having a width of 300 mm.
[0037]
As a result of measuring the tensile breaking strength of these samples in the same manner as in Example 1, the tensile breaking strength of the sheet-like foam was 31.6 N, and that of the plate-like foam was 7.1 N.
[0038]
When press molding was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, a non-damaged tray could be obtained from the sheet-like foam, but cracks were observed at two locations on the one obtained by molding the plate-like foam.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
Conventionally, foams mainly composed of starch such as corn starch or vegetable materials such as corn starch and wood powder or paper powder are relatively brittle and difficult to mold into a tray. However, the sheet-like foam of the present invention is applied to a tray. Can be molded.

Claims (4)

51重量%以上の植物性材料と、49重量%以下の合成樹脂あるいは生分解性樹脂とを原料とする発泡体の製造方法であって、前記植物性材料が澱粉であり、前記原料に水を加えて押出機により押出発泡させて板状発泡体を製造し、その直後に該板状発泡体を圧縮することにより、厚さが圧縮する前の板状発泡体の厚さの2分の1以下である発泡体を得ることを特徴とするシート状発泡体の製法。A method for producing a foam using as a raw material 51% by weight or more of a plant material and 49% by weight or less of a synthetic resin or a biodegradable resin, wherein the plant material is starch, and water is added to the raw material. In addition, by extruding and foaming with an extruder, a plate-like foam is produced, and immediately after that, the plate-like foam is compressed, so that the thickness of the plate-like foam before being compressed is half the thickness. The manufacturing method of the sheet-like foam characterized by obtaining the foam which is the following . 51重量%以上の植物性材料と、49重量%以下の合成樹脂あるいは生分解性樹脂とを原料とする発泡体の製造方法であって、前記植物性材料が木材の粉末と澱粉とであり、前記原料に水を加えて押出機により押出発泡させて板状発泡体を製造し、その直後に該板状発泡体を圧縮することにより、厚さが圧縮する前の板状発泡体の厚さの2分の1以下である発泡体を得ることを特徴とするシート状発泡体の製法。 A method for producing a foam using as a raw material 51% by weight or more of a plant material and 49% by weight or less of a synthetic resin or a biodegradable resin, wherein the plant material is wood powder and starch , The thickness of the plate-like foam before the thickness is reduced by adding water to the raw material and extrusion-foaming with an extruder to produce a plate-like foam, and compressing the plate-like foam immediately thereafter A process for producing a sheet-like foam characterized by obtaining a foam having a half or less . 51重量%以上の植物性材料と、49重量%以下の合成樹脂あるいは生分解性樹脂とを原料とする発泡体の製造方法であって、前記植物性材料が、紙、茶、い草、又は木材の粉末の中から選ばれた2種類以上と、澱粉とであり、前記原料に水を加えて押出機により押出発泡させて板状発泡体を製造し、その直後に該板状発泡体を圧縮することにより、厚さが圧縮する前の板状発泡体の厚さの2分の1以下である発泡体を得ることを特徴とするシート状発泡体の製法。 A method for producing a foam using a plant material of 51% by weight or more and a synthetic resin or biodegradable resin of 49% by weight or less, wherein the plant material is paper, tea, grass or wood. Two or more types selected from the above powders and starch, and water is added to the raw material and extruded and foamed by an extruder to produce a plate-like foam. Immediately thereafter, the plate-like foam is compressed. A process for producing a sheet-like foam , characterized in that a foam having a thickness less than half of the thickness of the plate-like foam before being compressed is obtained . 請求項1乃至3のいずれかの方法によって製造したことを特徴とするシート状発泡体。A sheet-like foam produced by the method according to claim 1.
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