JP3944827B2 - High silicon electrical steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
High silicon electrical steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は軟磁気特性が必要とされる電気機器用材料として使用するのに適した高珪素電磁鋼板及びその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、インバータ技術の発展に伴って、電気機器の高周波化が進んでおり、電気機器用の鉄心材料として用いられる電磁鋼板にも、機器の発熱を押さえるための高周波低鉄損特性、漏れ磁束を低減するための高透磁率特性が求められている。電磁鋼板の軟磁気特性はSiの添加に伴って向上し、特に高珪素電磁鋼板と呼ばれるSi含有量が約4wt%以上の電磁鋼板は、電気抵抗が高いため高周波領域での鉄損特性に優れる。
また、Si含有量が6.5wt%付近で電磁鋼板としては最高の透磁率を示すことも知られている。従って高珪素電磁鋼板は高周波化した電気機器用鉄心材料として最適な材料であり、その使用量は着実に増えつつある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、電気機器の省エネルギー化のニーズは高まる一方であり、高周波鉄損特性に優れる高珪素電磁鋼板においても、高周波での更なる低鉄損化が要望されている。一般に、電磁鋼板の鉄損は履歴損失と渦電流損失の和であり、高周波領域で使用される場合には渦電流損失が全鉄損の大半を占める。渦電流損失は磁区構造に依存しており、磁区を細分化することによって低減可能である。しかし、単純な結晶粒の微細化による磁区の細分化や、特開平11−124629号公報などに示される歪み導入による磁区の細分化を行った場合、高周波での鉄損が低減する反面、透磁率の低下が問題となる。
【0004】
本発明はかかる事情に鑑みてなされたもので、高珪素電磁鋼板の高透磁率特性を維持したまま、高周波で低鉄損特性を有する高珪素電磁鋼板、及びその製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記のような問題を解決するために、本発明者らは高珪素電磁鋼板の高周波鉄損特性及び透磁率について詳細な検討を行った。その結果、成分、板厚、結晶粒径を制御することによって、高珪素鋼板の優れた透磁率特性を劣化させずに、高周波での鉄損を低減可能であることを見いだした。本発明はかかる知見に基づいてなされたものである。
【0006】
即ち、前記課題を解決するための第1の手段は、Si含有量が5wt%以上7wt%以下、Cr含有量が0.1wt%以上2wt%以下、Al含有量が0.005wt%未満であり、残部が Fe 及び不可避不純物からなり、板厚が0.3mm以下で且つ、粒組織の平均粒径が板厚より大きいことを特徴とする高珪素電磁鋼板(請求項1)である。
【0007】
前記課題を解決するための第2の手段は、Si含有量が6wt%以上7wt%以下、Cr含有量が0.1wt%以上1wt%以下、Al含有量が0.005wt%未満であり、残部が Fe 及び不可避不純物からなり、板厚が0.3mm以下で且つ、粒組織の平均粒径が板厚より大きいことを特徴とする高珪素電磁鋼板(請求項2)である。
【0008】
前記課題を解決するための第3の手段は、Si含有量が4wt%未満の鋼板を、連続炉において浸珪・拡散処理する工程を有する前記第1の手段又は第2の手段である高珪素電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、浸珪、拡散処理温度が1050℃以上であることを特徴とする高珪素電磁鋼板の製造方法(請求項3)である。
【0009】
前記課題を解決するための第4の手段は、Si含有量が5wt%以上7wt%以下である鋼を溶解、鋳造、圧延する工程を有する前記第1の手段の高珪素電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、粒成長のための磁性焼鈍温度が1050℃以上であることを特徴とする高珪素電磁鋼板の製造方法(請求項4)である。
【0010】
前記課題を解決するための第5の手段は、Si含有量が6wt%以上7wt%以下である鋼を溶解、鋳造、圧延する工程を有する前記第2の手段の高珪素電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、粒成長のための磁性焼鈍温度が1050℃以上であることを特徴とする高珪素電磁鋼板の製造方法(請求項5)である。
【0011】
なお、本発明の効果は、各請求項に規定される以外は、製造方法、表面調整の有無に関わりなく得られるものである。
(発明に至る過程とCr、組織の限定理由)
本発明者等は、Crを含有した高珪素電磁鋼板の透磁率について、結晶粒径に着目して調査した。まず、Si:6.4wt%、Al:0.003wt%を含有する高珪素鋼にCrを添加し、熱間圧延、温間圧延により0.3mm厚の薄板を作成した。ここから外径45mm、内径33mmのリングを切り出した後に、焼鈍温度を変えて粒径の異なるサンプルを作成し、透磁率を測定した。
【0012】
結果を図1に示す。Crを含有していない鋼種Aは、優れた透磁率特性を示し、また粒径依存性が小さい。これに対して、Cr含有量が0.1〜2wt%の範囲の鋼種B、C、Dは、粒径が小さいときには透磁率が低いが、粒径が大きくなるに従って透磁率が向上し、板厚方向に貫通粒組織を有するとき最も高い透磁率を示す。特にCr含有量が1wt%以下の鋼種B、Cを貫通粒組織にすることによって、Crを含有していない鋼種Aと同等の良好な透磁率特性が得られる。
【0013】
一方、Cr含有量が2wt%を越えた鋼種E、Fは、透磁率が著しく低下しており、また粒径を大きくしても透磁率が向上しない。従って、良好な透磁率特性をえるために、Cr含有量が2wt%以下、より好ましくは1wt%以下である高珪素電磁鋼板は貫通粒組織であることが必要である。
【0014】
一方で、Crは高珪素電磁鋼板の高周波鉄損特性を改善する元素である。Cr含有量が0.1wt%未満では鉄損改善効果が得られないため、0.1wt%以上含有することが必要である。またCrは高珪素電磁鋼板の透磁率を劣化させる元素であるが、前述のように、結晶構造を最適化すれば透磁率の劣化を押さえることができる。しかしCr含有量が2wt%を越えた場合には、結晶構造の最適化を行っても高透磁率特性が損なわれるため、その含有量は2wt%以下であることが必要である。また、Cr含有量が1wt%以下であれば、透磁率の劣化がほとんど無いため、1wt%以下とすることが好ましい。
【0015】
以上のことから、本発明においては、Crの含有量を0.1〜2wt%に限定し、鋼板の組織として板厚方向に貫通粒組織を有するものに限定する。
【0016】
(その他の成分の限定理由)
以下、本発明のその他の成分の限定理由に付いて説明する。
Siは電気抵抗を高めるため高周波での鉄損特性を改善する元素であると共に、透磁率特性に大きな影響を与える元素である。Si含有量が5wt%未満では、高周波での十分な低鉄損特性が得られず、また良好な透磁率特性が得られないため、5wt%以上含有することが必要である。Si含有量が6wt%以上であれば、より良好な低鉄損特性及び透磁率特性が得られる。また、Si含有量が7wt%を超えると、加工性が著しく低下するため、その含有量は7wt%以下であることが必要である。
【0017】
AlはCrを含有した高珪素電磁鋼板の粒成長性を阻害する元素であり、また、混粒組織を形成させやすい元素である。前述のように、細粒組織あるいは混粒組織を形成した場合、著しく透磁率が低下してしまうため、Al含有量は低いほど好ましい。Al含有量が0.005t%未満であれば、粒成長への悪影響が無視できるためその含有量は0.005wt%未満であることを必要とする。
【0018】
(規定しない成分の好ましい範囲)
本発明の高珪素電磁鋼板は、高珪素電磁鋼板として当業者に認識される範囲のものであればよく、前述の元素の含有量を規定している他は、他に含有される元素については特に規定していない。また、製造過程において原料から不可避的に混入したり、製造の途中で合成される化合物等の不可避不純物が含まれることは当然である。
【0019】
しかしながら、以下に示す元素については、それぞれに示す理由により、以下に示す範囲とすることが好ましい。
N: NはAlNを形成することにより、結晶粒の成長を阻害する。従ってN含有量は0.003wt%以下であることが望ましい。
C: Cは透磁率特性に有害な元素である。特に0.01wt%を越えると炭化物の析出によって透磁率特性が著しく劣化する。従ってC含有量は0.01wt%以下であることが望ましい。
【0020】
Mn: MnはSと結合してMnSとなり、熱間加工性を改善する。しかしMn含有量が0.5wt%を越えると飽和磁束密度の減少が大きくなる。従ってMn含有量は0.5wt%以下であることが望ましい。
P: Pは鋼板を脆化させる元素でる。経済性及び、Pが0.01wt%以下であれば実質的にその影響は無視できることから、P含有量は0.01wt%以下であることが望ましい。
S: Sは熱間加工性を低下させる元素であるとともに軟磁気特性も劣化させる。経済性及びSが0.01wt%以下であれば実質的にその影響は無視できることから、S含有量は0.01wt%以下であることが望ましい。
【0021】
(板厚の限定理由)
板厚は渦電流損失に大きな影響を与える因子である。板厚が0.3mmを越えた場合には、高周波での十分な低鉄損特性が得られないため、0.3mm以下であることを必要とする。
【0022】
(製造方法の限定理由)
貫通粒組織を得るためには、実質的に粒成長するプロセスでの焼鈍温度が高い方が望ましい。Al含有量が0.005wt%の高珪素鋼板の場合、1050℃以上であれば貫通粒まで粒成長するため、浸珪法で有れば浸珪拡散処理時の温度が、また圧延法で有れば磁性焼鈍温度が1050℃以上であることを必要とする。よって、本発明のうち製造方法にかかるものにおいては、それぞれの温度を1050℃以上に限定する。
【0023】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
Siを3wt%含有し、Cr含有量を変化させた鋼を溶解、熱延、冷延して0.3mm厚とした後に四塩化珪素を含む雰囲気中でSi含有量が6.6wt%になるまで浸珪処理し、貫通粒組織を有する高珪素電磁鋼板を得た。浸けい後の化学成分を表1に示す。得られた鋼板から外径45mm内径33mmのリングを切り出し、高周波鉄損(W0.5/20k)を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。Si含有量が5.0〜7.0wt%、Cr含有量が0.10wt%以上の鋼種H、I、K、Lで高周波での低鉄損特性が得られる。また、Si含有量が6.0〜7.0wt%、Cr含有量が0.1wt%以上の鋼種K、Lで特に良好な高周波での低鉄損特性が得られる。
【0024】
【表1】
【0025】
(実施例2)
表2に示す化学成分を有する鋼を溶解、熱延、温間圧延して0.2mm厚とした後に、1100℃で1時間の焼鈍を行い、組織と透磁率を測定した。Al含有量が0.005wt%以上の鋼種O、Pでは貫通粒組織を形成できずに十分な透磁率が得られないのに対して、Al含有量が0.005wt%未満である鋼種M、Nでは、貫通粒組織を形成し、高い透磁率特性が得られる。
【0026】
【表2】
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、高珪素電磁鋼板の高透磁率特性を維持したまま、高周波で低鉄損特性を有する高珪素電磁鋼板、及びその製造方法を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 Crを含有した高珪素電磁鋼板の最大比透磁率特性に及ぼす結晶粒径の影響を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high-silicon electrical steel sheet suitable for use as an electrical equipment material that requires soft magnetic properties and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the development of inverter technology, the frequency of electrical equipment has increased, and electromagnetic steel sheets used as iron core materials for electrical equipment also have high frequency low iron loss characteristics and leakage magnetic flux to suppress the heat generation of equipment. A high magnetic permeability characteristic for reduction is required. The soft magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets improve with the addition of Si. Especially, electrical steel sheets with a Si content of about 4 wt% or more, called high-silicon electrical steel sheets, have high electrical resistance and excellent iron loss characteristics in the high-frequency region. .
It is also known that the magnetic permeability of the steel sheet is the highest when the Si content is around 6.5 wt%. Accordingly, high-silicon electrical steel sheets are the most suitable material for high-frequency iron core materials for electrical equipment, and the amount of use is steadily increasing.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, there is a growing need for energy saving in electrical equipment, and there is a demand for further reduction in iron loss at high frequencies even in high silicon electrical steel sheets that are excellent in high-frequency iron loss characteristics. Generally, the iron loss of an electrical steel sheet is the sum of hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. When used in a high frequency region, eddy current loss accounts for the majority of total iron loss. Eddy current loss depends on the magnetic domain structure, and can be reduced by subdividing the magnetic domain. However, when the magnetic domain is subdivided by simply refining crystal grains, or when the magnetic domain is subdivided by introducing strain as disclosed in JP-A-11-124629, the iron loss at high frequency is reduced. Decrease in magnetic susceptibility becomes a problem.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a high silicon electrical steel sheet having low iron loss characteristics at a high frequency while maintaining the high magnetic permeability characteristics of the high silicon electrical steel sheet, and a method for producing the same. And
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted a detailed study on the high-frequency iron loss characteristics and magnetic permeability of high-silicon electrical steel sheets. As a result, it was found that the iron loss at high frequency can be reduced without degrading the excellent magnetic permeability characteristics of the high silicon steel sheet by controlling the component, the plate thickness and the crystal grain size. The present invention has been made based on such findings.
[0006]
That is, the first means for solving the above problems is that the Si content is 5 wt% or more and 7 wt% or less, the Cr content is 0.1 wt% or more and 2 wt% or less, the Al content is less than 0.005 wt%, and the balance Is a high-silicon electrical steel sheet (Claim 1) characterized by comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities, having a plate thickness of 0.3 mm or less, and having an average grain size larger than the plate thickness .
[0007]
The second means for solving the above problems is that the Si content is 6 wt% or more and 7 wt% or less, the Cr content is 0.1 wt% or more and 1 wt% or less, the Al content is less than 0.005 wt%, and the balance is Fe. And a high silicon electrical steel sheet (Claim 2) characterized in that it is made of inevitable impurities, has a plate thickness of 0.3 mm or less, and has an average grain size larger than the plate thickness .
[0008]
The third means for solving the above-mentioned problems is the high silicon which is the first means or the second means having a step of subjecting a steel sheet having a Si content of less than 4 wt% to a siliconizing / diffusion treatment in a continuous furnace. A method for manufacturing an electrical steel sheet, wherein the siliconization and diffusion treatment temperature is 1050 ° C. or higher (claim 3).
[0009]
The 4th means for solving the above-mentioned subject is a manufacturing method of the high silicon electrical steel sheet of the said 1st means which has the process of melting, casting, and rolling steel whose Si content is 5 wt% or more and 7 wt% or less. A magnetic annealing temperature for grain growth is 1050 ° C. or higher. A method for producing a high silicon electrical steel sheet according to claim 4.
[0010]
A fifth means for solving the above-mentioned problem is a method for producing a high-silicon electrical steel sheet according to the second means, comprising the steps of melting, casting and rolling steel having a Si content of 6 wt% or more and 7 wt% or less. And a magnetic annealing temperature for grain growth is 1050 ° C. or higher.
[0011]
Note that the effect of the present invention, except as defined in the claims to a method of manufacturing, Ru der those obtained with or without surface conditioning.
(The process leading to the invention and Cr, reasons for limiting the organization)
The present inventors investigated the magnetic permeability of the high-silicon electrical steel sheet containing Cr, focusing on the crystal grain size. First, Cr was added to high silicon steel containing Si: 6.4 wt% and Al: 0.003 wt%, and a 0.3 mm thick sheet was prepared by hot rolling and warm rolling. After cutting out a ring with an outer diameter of 45 mm and an inner diameter of 33 mm from this, samples with different particle diameters were prepared by changing the annealing temperature, and the magnetic permeability was measured.
[0012]
The results are shown in FIG. Steel type A not containing Cr exhibits excellent magnetic permeability characteristics and has a small particle size dependency. On the other hand, the steel types B, C, and D having a Cr content in the range of 0.1 to 2 wt% have low magnetic permeability when the particle size is small, but the permeability increases as the particle size increases, and the thickness direction Shows the highest magnetic permeability when it has a through grain structure. In particular, by making steel types B and C having a Cr content of 1 wt% or less into a through grain structure, good permeability characteristics equivalent to steel type A not containing Cr can be obtained.
[0013]
On the other hand, the steel types E and F having a Cr content exceeding 2 wt% have a remarkably reduced magnetic permeability, and the magnetic permeability does not improve even if the particle size is increased. Therefore, in order to obtain good magnetic permeability characteristics, the high silicon electrical steel sheet having a Cr content of 2 wt% or less, more preferably 1 wt% or less, needs to have a through grain structure.
[0014]
On the other hand, Cr is an element that improves high-frequency iron loss characteristics of high-silicon electrical steel sheets. If the Cr content is less than 0.1 wt%, the effect of improving iron loss cannot be obtained, so it is necessary to contain 0.1 wt% or more. Cr is an element that degrades the magnetic permeability of the high silicon electrical steel sheet, but as described above, the deterioration of the magnetic permeability can be suppressed by optimizing the crystal structure. However, when the Cr content exceeds 2 wt%, the high magnetic permeability characteristics are impaired even if the crystal structure is optimized, so that the content needs to be 2 wt% or less. Further, if the Cr content is 1 wt% or less, there is almost no deterioration in the magnetic permeability, so it is preferable to make it 1 wt% or less.
[0015]
From the above, in the present invention, the Cr content is limited to 0.1 to 2 wt%, and the structure of the steel sheet is limited to that having a through grain structure in the sheet thickness direction.
[0016]
(Reason for limitation of other ingredients)
Hereinafter, the reasons for limiting the other components of the present invention will be described.
Si is an element that improves iron loss characteristics at high frequencies in order to increase electric resistance, and also has a large influence on permeability characteristics. If the Si content is less than 5 wt%, sufficient low iron loss characteristics at high frequencies cannot be obtained, and good magnetic permeability characteristics cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to contain 5 wt% or more. When the Si content is 6 wt% or more, better low iron loss characteristics and magnetic permeability characteristics can be obtained. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 7 wt%, the workability is remarkably lowered, so the content needs to be 7 wt% or less.
[0017]
Al is an element that hinders the grain growth of a high silicon electrical steel sheet containing Cr, and is an element that easily forms a mixed grain structure. As described above, when a fine grain structure or a mixed grain structure is formed, the magnetic permeability is remarkably lowered. Therefore, the lower the Al content, the better. If the Al content is less than 0.005 t%, the adverse effect on grain growth can be ignored, so the content needs to be less than 0.005 wt%.
[0018]
(Preferable range of unspecified components)
The high-silicon electrical steel sheet of the present invention may be in a range that is recognized by those skilled in the art as a high-silicon electrical steel sheet. Not specified. In addition, it is a matter of course that inevitable impurities such as compounds that are inevitably mixed from raw materials in the production process or synthesized in the course of production are included.
[0019]
However, the elements shown below are preferably set to the ranges shown below for the reasons shown below.
N: N inhibits the growth of crystal grains by forming AlN. Accordingly, the N content is desirably 0.003 wt% or less.
C: C is an element harmful to the magnetic permeability characteristics. In particular, if it exceeds 0.01 wt%, the magnetic permeability characteristics are significantly deteriorated by precipitation of carbides. Accordingly, the C content is desirably 0.01 wt% or less.
[0020]
Mn: Mn combines with S to become MnS and improves hot workability. However, when the Mn content exceeds 0.5 wt%, the decrease in saturation magnetic flux density increases. Accordingly, the Mn content is desirably 0.5 wt% or less.
P: P is an element that embrittles the steel sheet. If the P is 0.01 wt% or less, the effect is practically negligible, so the P content is preferably 0.01 wt% or less.
S: S is an element that decreases hot workability and also deteriorates soft magnetic properties. If the economic efficiency and S is 0.01 wt% or less, the influence can be substantially ignored. Therefore, the S content is preferably 0.01 wt% or less.
[0021]
(Reason for limiting plate thickness)
Plate thickness is a factor that greatly affects eddy current loss. When the plate thickness exceeds 0.3 mm, sufficient low iron loss characteristics at high frequencies cannot be obtained, so it is necessary that the thickness be 0.3 mm or less.
[0022]
(Reason for limitation of manufacturing method)
In order to obtain a through grain structure, it is desirable that the annealing temperature in the process of substantially grain growth is higher. In the case of a high silicon steel sheet with an Al content of 0.005 wt%, if it is 1050 ° C or higher, grains grow up to through grains. For example, the magnetic annealing temperature needs to be 1050 ° C. or higher. Therefore, in the method according to the present invention, each temperature is limited to 1050 ° C. or higher.
[0023]
【Example】
Example 1
Steel containing 3 wt% Si and changing the Cr content was melted, hot rolled, and cold rolled to a thickness of 0.3 mm, and then immersed in an atmosphere containing silicon tetrachloride until the Si content reached 6.6 wt%. Silica treatment was performed to obtain a high silicon electrical steel sheet having a through grain structure. The chemical components after soaking are shown in Table 1. A ring having an outer diameter of 45 mm and an inner diameter of 33 mm was cut out from the obtained steel sheet, and the high-frequency iron loss (W 0.5 / 20 k ) was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1. Low iron loss characteristics at high frequencies can be obtained with steel types H, I, K, and L having a Si content of 5.0 to 7.0 wt% and a Cr content of 0.10 wt% or more. Further, particularly good low iron loss characteristics at a high frequency can be obtained with steel types K and L having a Si content of 6.0 to 7.0 wt% and a Cr content of 0.1 wt% or more.
[0024]
[Table 1]
[0025]
(Example 2)
Steel having chemical components shown in Table 2 was melted, hot-rolled and warm-rolled to a thickness of 0.2 mm, then annealed at 1100 ° C. for 1 hour, and the structure and permeability were measured. Steel grades O and P with an Al content of 0.005 wt% or more cannot form a penetration grain structure and a sufficient magnetic permeability cannot be obtained, whereas steel grades M and N with an Al content of less than 0.005 wt% A through grain structure is formed and high magnetic permeability characteristics are obtained.
[0026]
[Table 2]
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a high silicon electrical steel sheet having low iron loss characteristics at a high frequency while maintaining the high magnetic permeability characteristics of the high silicon electrical steel sheet, and a method for manufacturing the same.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the influence of crystal grain size on the maximum relative magnetic permeability characteristics of a high silicon electrical steel sheet containing Cr.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
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| JP2001359020A JP3944827B2 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2001-11-26 | High silicon electrical steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
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| JP2001359020A JP3944827B2 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2001-11-26 | High silicon electrical steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
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| JP2003160848A JP2003160848A (en) | 2003-06-06 |
| JP3944827B2 true JP3944827B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 |
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| JPH05295492A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1993-11-09 | Nkk Corp | High-permeability steel sheet having low magnetostriction |
| JP3456352B2 (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 2003-10-14 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with excellent iron loss characteristics and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP4193227B2 (en) * | 1998-04-06 | 2008-12-10 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Fe-Cr-Si steel sheet and method for producing the same |
| JP4106815B2 (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2008-06-25 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Oriented silicon steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof |
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