JP3955223B2 - Method for producing glyceryl ether - Google Patents
Method for producing glyceryl ether Download PDFInfo
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- JP3955223B2 JP3955223B2 JP2002070214A JP2002070214A JP3955223B2 JP 3955223 B2 JP3955223 B2 JP 3955223B2 JP 2002070214 A JP2002070214 A JP 2002070214A JP 2002070214 A JP2002070214 A JP 2002070214A JP 3955223 B2 JP3955223 B2 JP 3955223B2
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- glyceryl ether
- glycidyl ether
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、グリセリルエーテルの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
グリセリルエーテルの製造方法としては、(1)酸またはアルカリ触媒の存在下にグリシジルエーテルを加水分解する方法、(2)相関移動触媒の存在下、エチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルを溶媒としてグリシジルエーテルを加水分解する方法などが知られている。
【0003】
しかしながら、上記のいずれの製法も、反応産物中に触媒や中間反応物が共存した状態となり、実用的に使用可能な高純度またはイオンを含まないグリセリルエーテルを得るには、加水分解反応後、さらに煩雑な精製を行なう必要があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、反応産物中にイオン等の無用な共雑物が含まれず、従って反応産物の精製が容易である、高収率なグリセリルエーテルの製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明の要旨は、
〔1〕 一般式(I):
【0006】
【化2】
【0007】
(式中、Rは一部もしくは全部の水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1〜20の飽和もしくは不飽和の炭化水素基を示し、OAは同一でも異なっていてもよい炭素数2〜4のオキシアルキレン基を示し、pは0〜20の数を示す。)
で示される化合物を無触媒下で0℃以上250℃未満の温度範囲にて加水分解することを特徴とするグリセリルエーテルの製造方法、
に関する。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のグリセリルエーテルの製造方法は、特定の構造を有するグリシジルエーテルを原料とし、当該原料の加水分解を水を用いて無触媒下で特定の温度範囲にて行なうことを1つの大きな特徴とする。すなわち、本発明は、意外にも該グリシジルエーテルが実用的な温和な条件下にて水のみで容易に加水分解されることを見出したことに基づくものであり、加水分解反応の効率(反応性および反応選択性)をいっそう高め、反応後の産物の精製工程の負荷を格段に低減させたグリセリルエーテルの製造方法である。従って、本発明によれば、触媒を用いずとも原料の加水分解反応が効率的に進行し、グリセリルエーテルが高収率に得られる。また、従来問題であった触媒やイオン等の共雑物の除去を実質的に省略することができ、反応後の精製工程の負荷が大幅に軽減される。
【0009】
本発明において原料として使用するグリシジルエーテルは、一般式(I):
【0010】
【化3】
【0011】
(式中、Rは一部もしくは全部の水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1〜20の飽和もしくは不飽和の炭化水素基を示し、OAは同一でも異なっていてもよい炭素数2〜4のオキシアルキレン基を示し、pは0〜20の数を示す。)で示される化合物である。
【0012】
Rで示される炭化水素基としては、たとえば、一部もしくは全部の水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1〜20の直鎖または分岐鎖のアルキル基、炭素数2〜20の直鎖または分岐鎖のアルケニル基、炭素数6〜14のアリール基等が挙げられる。
【0013】
当該炭化水素基として具体的には、たとえば、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、n−ペンチル基、n−ヘキシル基、n−ヘプチル基、n−オクチル基、n−ノニル基、n−デシル基、n−ドデシル基、テトラデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、オクタデシル基、エイコシル基、2−プロピル基、2−ブチル基、2−メチル−2−プロピル基、2−ペンチル基、3−ペンチル基、2−ヘキシル基、3−ヘキシル基、2−オクチル基、2−エチルヘキシル基、フェニル基、ベンジル基等が挙げられる。また、炭化水素基の水素原子がフッ素原子に置換されたものとしては、たとえば、ナノフルオロヘキシル基、ヘキサフルオロヘキシル基、トリデカフルオロオクチル基、ヘプタデカフルオロオクチル基、ヘプタデカフルオロデシル基等のパーフルオロアルキル基等、前記例示する炭化水素基の水素原子がフッ素原子に、置換度および置換位置は特に限定されず任意に置換されたものが挙げられる。
【0014】
OAで示される炭素数2〜4のオキシアルキレン基の具体例としては、オキシエチレン基、オキシトリメチレン基、オキシプロピレン基、オキシブチレン基等のアルキレンオキサイドが挙げられる。
【0015】
なお、Rとして示される炭化水素基の炭素数としては、反応性および反応選択性を向上させる観点から、好ましくは1〜12である。また、pとしては、好ましくは0である。
【0016】
原料として好適に使用されるグリシジルエーテルとしては、具体的には、たとえば、n−ブチルグリシジルエーテル、2−メチル−プロピルグリシジルエーテル、n−ペンチルグリシジルエーテル、2−メチル−ブチルグリシジルエーテル、n−ヘキシルグリシジルエーテル、2−メチル−ペンチルグリシジルエーテル、フェニルグリシジルエーテル、n−オクチルグリシジルエーテル、2−エチル−ヘキシルグリシジルエーテル、n−ステアリルグリシジルエーテル等が挙げられる。
【0017】
原料の加水分解に使用される水は、本発明の所望の効果の発現を阻害しない限り特に限定されるものではない。たとえば、イオン交換水、蒸留水、逆浸透濾過処理水等を使用することができ、本発明の本質を損なわない範囲で、水道水のような塩類等を含有するものを使用しても差し支えない。
【0018】
本発明のグリセリルエーテルの製造方法では、前記原料の加水分解反応を水を用いて無触媒下に特定の温度範囲にて行なう。
【0019】
当該方法は、原料を1バッチ当たりに要する量だけ供給し、単回で加水分解反応を行なうバッチ式によっても、原料を連続的に供給して加水分解反応を行なう連続式によっても実施することができる。反応条件の制御が容易であり、反応を効率的に進行させうるという観点からは、連続式にて実施するのが好ましい。
【0020】
加水分解反応は、具体的には、本発明の製造方法の実施態様に応じて選択される反応器内において行なわれる。当該反応器は特に限定されるものではなく、たとえば、バッチ式にて実施する場合、オートクレーブなどの槽型反応器が好適に使用される。一方、連続式にて実施する場合、管型反応器、塔型反応器、スタティックミキサー型反応器、半回分反応器等が好適に使用される。これらの反応器はいずれも市販のものが入手可能である。また、反応器としては攪拌手段を有するものでも、有さないものでもよい。反応を均一に進行させる観点からは、攪拌手段を有するものが好ましい。
【0021】
原料である一般式(I)で示される化合物に対する水の量は、モル換算で、その化学量論量の好ましくは2〜100倍であり、より好ましくは10〜100倍である。原料としてのグリシジルエーテルと生成したグリセリルエーテルとの二量化等の副反応の進行を抑制し、反応の収率を高める観点から2倍以上であり、反応容積を抑えて生産性を向上させると共に、反応終了後に反応産物からの未反応の水の除去を最小限に抑える観点から100倍以下であるのが望ましい。
【0022】
本発明の方法をバッチ式にて実施する場合には、原料に対する水の量が前記範囲内となるように原料と水を仕込むのが好ましく、一方、連続式にて実施する場合には、反応の定常状態(すなわち、反応に関与する成分が一定となった状態)において原料に対する水の量が前記範囲内となるようにするのが好ましい。
【0023】
加水分解反応を行なう際には水および前記原料は個別におよび/または予め混合して反応器内に供給される。予め混合せずに反応器内に供給する場合は、反応器内において混合する。混合は、反応系が不均一であるため、剪断力の強い攪拌手段を用いて行なうのが好ましい。当該攪拌手段としては、バッチ式では、たとえば、ホモミキサーや、高剪断性であるディスクタービン型攪拌翼、傾斜パドル型攪拌翼等が好適に使用され、連続式では、たとえば、ラインホモミキサー、スタティックミキサー、ディスパー等が好適に使用される。また、加水分解反応もそれらの攪拌手段による混合条件下に進行させるのが好ましい。
【0024】
加水分解反応は、反応器内の水および原料を含む混合物の温度が所定の温度範囲内に維持されるように反応系内の温度(反応温度)を制御して行なう。反応温度としては0℃以上250℃未満、好ましくは100℃以上250℃未満、より好ましくは150℃以上250℃未満である。250℃以上であると、未反応の水による蒸気圧が極めて大きくなり、反応器に対し高い耐圧性が求められ、設備が過大となり、特に超臨界またはそれに近い条件では設備腐食の問題も生じる。また0℃未満であると、反応が進みにくく、生産性に問題が生じると共に、副反応が助長される傾向がある。
【0025】
反応系内の圧力としては、通常、1MPa程度であるが、0.1〜5MPa程度の範囲内で反応を行なうのが好ましい。また、反応時間としては、反応温度や用いる原料の種類等により異なり一概には決められないが、バッチ式の場合、原料等の仕込み終了から、一方、連続式の場合、反応の定常状態に達してから、概ね3分〜10時間の範囲で選択される。たとえば、200℃で反応を行なう場合、反応時間としては好ましくは10分間程度である。
【0026】
反応終了後は、たとえば、得られた反応混合物を所望の温度まで冷却し、所望により、公知の方法に従って蒸発または蒸留、自然沈降または遠心沈降等を行って該混合物を精製し、未反応の水と分離することによりグリセリルエーテルを得る。
【0027】
以上のようにして得られたグリセリルエーテルは充分に純度が高く、たとえば、溶剤、乳化剤、分散剤、洗浄剤、増泡剤等として直ちに使用することができる。
【0028】
【実施例】
実施例1
n−ブチルグリシジルエーテル(片山化学(株)製;1級)46.86g、イオン交換水51.77gを200mL容の還流冷却器付きガラス製4つ口フラスコに入れ、三日月羽根(幅4cm、高さ1cm)にて500rpmで撹拌を行いながら、オイルバスにて加熱し、蒸発する水分を還流しながら100℃まで昇温した。次いで100℃にて960分間恒温保持した後、30℃まで冷却して生成物を回収した。最終的に得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。なお、反応転化率は加水分解反応後に消失したグリシジルエーテルのモル分率より求めた。
【0029】
実施例2
n−ブチルグリシジルエーテル(片山化学(株)製;1級)94.90g、イオン交換水105.10gを300mL容オートクレーブ(SUS304製)に入れ、2枚傾斜平羽根(幅3cm、高さ1cm、傾斜角45度)にて800rpmで撹拌を行いながら、マントルヒータにて140℃まで昇温した。次いで140℃にて180分間恒温保持した後、30℃まで冷却して生成物を回収した。最終的に得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0030】
実施例3
n−ブチルグリシジルエーテル(片山化学(株)製;1級)94.90g、イオン交換水105.10gを300mL容オートクレーブ(SUS304製)に入れ、2枚傾斜平羽根(幅3cm、高さ1cm、傾斜角45度)にて800rpmで撹拌を行いながら、マントルヒータにて200℃まで昇温した。次いで200℃にて10分間恒温保持した後、30℃まで冷却して生成物を回収した。最終的に得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0031】
実施例4
2−エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル(東京化成(株)製;1級)126.55g、蒸留水73.45gを300mL容オートクレーブ(SUS304製)に入れ、2枚傾斜平羽根(幅3cm、高さ1cm、傾斜角45度)にて800rpmで撹拌を行いながら、マントルヒータにて200℃まで昇温した。次いで200℃にて140分間恒温保持した後、30℃まで冷却して生成物を回収した。最終的に得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0032】
実施例5
n−ブチルグリシジルエーテル(片山化学(株)製;1級)を0.089g/分、イオン交換水を0.106g/分で連続的に、180℃のオイルバスに浸漬した管型反応器(管内径1.78mm、長さ2m)に無脈流式のプランジャーポンプにて供給し、反応組成が定常となった供給後5時間目から生成物を回収した。得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0033】
実施例6
n−ブチルグリシジルエーテル(片山化学(株)製;1級)53.07g、蒸留水146.93gを300mL容オートクレーブ(SUS304製)に入れ、2枚傾斜平羽根(幅3cm、高さ1cm、傾斜角45度)にて800rpmで撹拌を行いながら、マントルヒータにて180℃まで昇温した。次いで180℃にて5分間恒温保持した後、30℃まで冷却して生成物を回収した。最終的に得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0034】
実施例7
2−エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル(東京化成(株)製;1級)68.15g、蒸留水131.85gを300mL容オートクレーブ(SUS304製)に入れ、2枚傾斜平羽根(幅3cm、高さ1cm、傾斜角45度)にて800rpmで撹拌を行いながら、マントルヒータにて200℃まで昇温した。次いで200℃にて120分間恒温保持した後、30℃まで冷却して生成物を回収した。最終的に得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0035】
実施例8
n−ステアリルグリシジルエーテル(研究室自製蒸留精製品、純度96%)48.33g、蒸留水153.61gを300mL容オートクレーブ(SUS304製)に入れ、2枚傾斜平羽根(幅3cm、高さ1cm、傾斜角45度)にて800rpmで撹拌を行いながら、マントルヒータにて200℃まで昇温した。次いで200℃にて1800分間恒温保持した後、30℃まで冷却して生成物を回収した。最終的に得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0036】
実施例9
n−ブチルグリシジルエーテル(片山化学(株)製;1級)を1.184g/分、イオン交換水を2.710g/分で連続的に、240℃のオイルバスに浸漬した管型反応器(管内径0.8mm、長さ30m)に無脈流式のプランジャーポンプにて供給し、反応組成が定常となった供給後1時間目から生成物を回収した。得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0037】
実施例10
2−エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル(東京化成(株)製;1級)を0.0506g/分、イオン交換水を0.0701g/分で連続的に、240℃のオイルバスに浸漬した管型反応器(管内径0.8mm、長さ30m)にマイクロフィーダーにて供給し、反応組成が定常となった供給後10時間目から生成物を回収した。得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0038】
比較例1
n−ブチルグリシジルエーテル(片山化学(株)製;1級)46.86g、イオン交換水51.77g、触媒としてp−トルエンスルホン酸(片山化学(株)製;特級)1.37gを200mL容の還流冷却器付きガラス製4つ口フラスコに入れ、三日月羽根(幅4cm、高さ1cm)にて500rpmで撹拌を行いながら、オイルバスにて加熱し、蒸発する水分を還流しながら100℃まで昇温した。次いで100℃にて180分間恒温保持した後、30℃まで冷却して生成物を回収した。最終的に得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0039】
比較例2
2−エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル(東京化成(株)製;1級)126.55g、イオン交換水73.45g、触媒として水酸化ナトリウム(和光純薬(株)製;特級)0.31gを300mL容オートクレーブ(SUS304製)に入れ、2枚傾斜平羽根(幅3cm、高さ1cm、傾斜角45度)にて800rpmで撹拌を行いながら、マントルヒータにて200℃まで昇温した。次いで200℃にて50分間恒温保持した後、30℃まで冷却して生成物を回収した。最終的に得られた生成物のガスクロマトグラフィー上の反応転化率およびグリセリルエーテルの収率を表1に示す。
【0040】
表1に実施例1〜10および比較例1〜2の結果等の詳細をまとめて示す。
【0041】
【表1】
【0042】
実施例1〜10ではいずれの場合も高い収率でグリセリルエーテルが得られ、未反応の水と生成物を分離する以外は特に精製は必要ではなかった。
【0043】
一方、比較例1は酸の存在下に、比較例2はアルカリの存在下に、公知の方法に従ってそれぞれグリシジルエーテルの加水分解を行なったものであるが、反応終了後、酸またはアルカリの除去工程が必要となる上、酸やアルカリを使用せずに加水分解を行なった、それらの比較例に対応する実施例1および実施例4と比較して収率も低かった。
【0044】
これらの結果から、本発明によれば、実質的な精製操作を要せず、従来の方法に比較して高収率にグリセリルエーテルを製造できることが分かる。また、実施例4および7より、原料の加水分解に使用する水量を高くすることにより収率が向上することが分かる。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、実質的に精製操作を要することなく、高純度・高収率でグリセリルエーテルを製造することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing glyceryl ether.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The production method of glyceryl ether includes (1) a method of hydrolyzing glycidyl ether in the presence of an acid or alkali catalyst, and (2) hydrolyzing glycidyl ether in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst using ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether as a solvent. The method of doing is known.
[0003]
However, in any of the above production methods, a catalyst and an intermediate reactant coexist in the reaction product, and in order to obtain a practically usable high purity or ion-free glyceryl ether, after the hydrolysis reaction, It was necessary to perform complicated purification.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a high yield of glyceryl ether, in which unnecessary co-contaminants such as ions are not included in the reaction product, and thus the reaction product can be easily purified.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1] General formula (I):
[0006]
[Chemical 2]
[0007]
(In the formula, R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with fluorine atoms, and OA may be the same or different carbon atoms. (2 represents an oxyalkylene group having a number of 2 to 4, and p represents a number of 0 to 20)
A process for producing glyceryl ether, wherein the compound is hydrolyzed in the temperature range of 0 ° C. or higher and lower than 250 ° C. in the absence of a catalyst,
About.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The production method of glyceryl ether of the present invention is characterized in that glycidyl ether having a specific structure is used as a raw material, and hydrolysis of the raw material is performed in a specific temperature range in the absence of a catalyst using water. . That is, the present invention unexpectedly is based on the finding that the glycidyl ether is easily hydrolyzed only with water under practical mild conditions. And reaction selectivity), and the load of the product purification step after the reaction is greatly reduced. Therefore, according to the present invention, the hydrolysis reaction of the raw material proceeds efficiently without using a catalyst, and glyceryl ether can be obtained in a high yield. In addition, the removal of the impurities such as the catalyst and ions, which has been a problem in the past, can be substantially omitted, and the load of the purification step after the reaction is greatly reduced.
[0009]
The glycidyl ether used as a raw material in the present invention is represented by the general formula (I):
[0010]
[Chemical 3]
[0011]
(In the formula, R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with fluorine atoms, and OA may be the same or different carbon atoms. 2 represents an oxyalkylene group having a number of 2 to 4, and p represents a number of 0 to 20.)
[0012]
Examples of the hydrocarbon group represented by R include, for example, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with fluorine atoms, and 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Straight chain or branched chain alkenyl groups, and aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
[0013]
Specific examples of the hydrocarbon group include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n- Nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-dodecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group, octadecyl group, eicosyl group, 2-propyl group, 2-butyl group, 2-methyl-2-propyl group, 2-pentyl group, 3 -Pentyl group, 2-hexyl group, 3-hexyl group, 2-octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, phenyl group, benzyl group and the like. Examples of the hydrocarbon group in which the hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom include a nanofluorohexyl group, a hexafluorohexyl group, a tridecafluorooctyl group, a heptadecafluorooctyl group, and a heptadecafluorodecyl group. The hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbon group exemplified above such as a perfluoroalkyl group is a fluorine atom, the degree of substitution and the substitution position are not particularly limited, and those optionally substituted can be mentioned.
[0014]
Specific examples of the oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms represented by OA include alkylene oxides such as oxyethylene group, oxytrimethylene group, oxypropylene group and oxybutylene group.
[0015]
In addition, as carbon number of the hydrocarbon group shown as R, Preferably it is 1-12 from a viewpoint of improving reactivity and reaction selectivity. Further, p is preferably 0.
[0016]
Specific examples of the glycidyl ether suitably used as the raw material include n-butyl glycidyl ether, 2-methyl-propyl glycidyl ether, n-pentyl glycidyl ether, 2-methyl-butyl glycidyl ether, and n-hexyl. Examples include glycidyl ether, 2-methyl-pentyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, n-octyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethyl-hexyl glycidyl ether, and n-stearyl glycidyl ether.
[0017]
The water used for the hydrolysis of the raw material is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the desired effect of the present invention. For example, ion-exchanged water, distilled water, reverse osmosis filtered water, etc. can be used, and water containing salts such as tap water may be used as long as the essence of the present invention is not impaired. .
[0018]
In the method for producing glyceryl ether of the present invention, the hydrolysis reaction of the raw material is carried out in a specific temperature range in the absence of a catalyst using water.
[0019]
This method can be carried out either by a batch method in which raw materials are supplied in an amount required per batch and a hydrolysis reaction is performed once, or by a continuous method in which raw materials are continuously supplied and a hydrolysis reaction is performed. it can. From the viewpoint of easy control of reaction conditions and efficient progress of the reaction, it is preferable to carry out the reaction continuously.
[0020]
Specifically, the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in a reactor selected according to the embodiment of the production method of the present invention. The said reactor is not specifically limited, For example, when implementing by a batch type, tank-type reactors, such as an autoclave, are used suitably. On the other hand, when it implements by a continuous type, a tube type reactor, a column type reactor, a static mixer type reactor, a semibatch reactor, etc. are used conveniently. All of these reactors are commercially available. Further, the reactor may or may not have a stirring means. From the viewpoint of allowing the reaction to proceed uniformly, those having a stirring means are preferred.
[0021]
The amount of water relative to the compound represented by the general formula (I) as the raw material is preferably 2 to 100 times, more preferably 10 to 100 times the stoichiometric amount in terms of mole. From the viewpoint of suppressing the progress of side reactions such as dimerization of the glycidyl ether as a raw material and the generated glyceryl ether and increasing the yield of the reaction, while improving the productivity by reducing the reaction volume, From the viewpoint of minimizing the removal of unreacted water from the reaction product after completion of the reaction, it is preferably 100 times or less.
[0022]
When the method of the present invention is carried out batchwise, it is preferable to charge the raw material and water so that the amount of water relative to the raw material is within the above range. It is preferable that the amount of water relative to the raw material is within the above range in the steady state (that is, the state where the components involved in the reaction are constant).
[0023]
In carrying out the hydrolysis reaction, water and the raw materials are supplied individually and / or premixed into the reactor. When supplying it in a reactor without mixing beforehand, it mixes in a reactor. The mixing is preferably performed using a stirring means having a strong shearing force because the reaction system is non-uniform. As the agitation means, for example, a homomixer, a high-shearing disc turbine type agitating blade, an inclined paddle type agitating blade or the like is preferably used in the batch type, and in the continuous type, for example, a line homomixer, static A mixer, a disper or the like is preferably used. Further, the hydrolysis reaction is preferably allowed to proceed under the mixing conditions by these stirring means.
[0024]
The hydrolysis reaction is performed by controlling the temperature in the reaction system (reaction temperature) so that the temperature of the mixture containing water and raw materials in the reactor is maintained within a predetermined temperature range. The reaction temperature is 0 ° C or higher and lower than 250 ° C, preferably 100 ° C or higher and lower than 250 ° C, more preferably 150 ° C or higher and lower than 250 ° C. If it is 250 ° C. or higher, the vapor pressure due to unreacted water becomes extremely high, high pressure resistance is required for the reactor, the equipment becomes excessive, and the problem of equipment corrosion arises particularly under supercritical conditions. On the other hand, when the temperature is lower than 0 ° C., the reaction is difficult to proceed, a problem occurs in productivity, and a side reaction tends to be promoted.
[0025]
The pressure in the reaction system is usually about 1 MPa, but it is preferable to carry out the reaction within a range of about 0.1 to 5 MPa. In addition, the reaction time varies depending on the reaction temperature and the type of raw material used, and cannot be determined unconditionally. However, in the case of a batch type, from the end of the charging of raw materials, etc., on the other hand, in the case of a continuous type, the reaction reaches a steady state. From about 3 minutes to 10 hours. For example, when the reaction is performed at 200 ° C., the reaction time is preferably about 10 minutes.
[0026]
After completion of the reaction, for example, the obtained reaction mixture is cooled to a desired temperature, and if desired, the mixture is purified by evaporating or distilling, spontaneous sedimentation or centrifugal sedimentation according to a known method, and unreacted water is purified. To obtain glyceryl ether.
[0027]
The glyceryl ether obtained as described above has a sufficiently high purity, and can be used immediately as, for example, a solvent, an emulsifier, a dispersant, a cleaning agent, a foaming agent and the like.
[0028]
【Example】
Example 1
46.86 g of n-butyl glycidyl ether (manufactured by Katayama Chemical Co., Ltd .; grade 1) and 51.77 g of ion-exchanged water were placed in a 200 mL glass four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, and a crescent blade (width 4 cm, high The mixture was heated in an oil bath while being stirred at 500 rpm, and the temperature was raised to 100 ° C. while refluxing evaporated water. Next, the temperature was kept at 100 ° C. for 960 minutes, and then the product was recovered by cooling to 30 ° C. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the finally obtained product. The reaction conversion rate was determined from the molar fraction of glycidyl ether that disappeared after the hydrolysis reaction.
[0029]
Example 2
94.90 g of n-butyl glycidyl ether (manufactured by Katayama Chemical Co., Ltd .; grade 1) and 105.10 g of ion-exchanged water are placed in a 300 mL autoclave (manufactured by SUS304), and two inclined flat blades (width 3 cm, height 1 cm, While stirring at 800 rpm at an inclination angle of 45 degrees, the temperature was raised to 140 ° C. with a mantle heater. Subsequently, the temperature was maintained at 140 ° C. for 180 minutes, and then the product was recovered by cooling to 30 ° C. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the finally obtained product.
[0030]
Example 3
94.90 g of n-butyl glycidyl ether (manufactured by Katayama Chemical Co., Ltd .; grade 1) and 105.10 g of ion-exchanged water are placed in a 300 mL autoclave (manufactured by SUS304), and two inclined flat blades (width 3 cm, height 1 cm, While stirring at 800 rpm at an inclination angle of 45 degrees, the temperature was raised to 200 ° C. with a mantle heater. Next, the temperature was kept at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then the product was recovered by cooling to 30 ° C. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the finally obtained product.
[0031]
Example 4
2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .; grade 1) 126.55 g and distilled water 73.45 g were placed in a 300 mL autoclave (manufactured by SUS304), and two inclined flat blades (width 3 cm, height 1 cm, inclined) The temperature was raised to 200 ° C. with a mantle heater while stirring at 800 rpm at an angle of 45 degrees. Subsequently, the temperature was maintained at 200 ° C. for 140 minutes, and then cooled to 30 ° C. to recover the product. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the finally obtained product.
[0032]
Example 5
A tubular reactor in which n-butyl glycidyl ether (manufactured by Katayama Chemical Co., Ltd .; grade 1) was continuously immersed in an oil bath at 180 ° C. at 0.089 g / min and ion-exchanged water at 0.106 g / min ( The inner diameter of the tube was 1.78 mm and the length was 2 m) by a non-pulsating plunger pump, and the product was recovered from the fifth hour after the supply when the reaction composition became steady. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the obtained product.
[0033]
Example 6
N-butyl glycidyl ether (manufactured by Katayama Chemical Co., Ltd .; grade 1) 53.07 g and distilled water 146.93 g were placed in a 300 mL autoclave (manufactured by SUS304), two inclined flat blades (width 3 cm, height 1 cm, inclination) The temperature was raised to 180 ° C. with a mantle heater while stirring at 800 rpm at an angle of 45 degrees. Subsequently, the temperature was kept at 180 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then cooled to 30 ° C. to recover the product. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the finally obtained product.
[0034]
Example 7
2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .; grade 1) 68.15 g and distilled water 131.85 g were placed in a 300 mL autoclave (SUS304), and two inclined flat blades (width 3 cm, height 1 cm, inclined) The temperature was raised to 200 ° C. with a mantle heater while stirring at 800 rpm at an angle of 45 degrees. Subsequently, the temperature was maintained at 200 ° C. for 120 minutes, and then the product was recovered by cooling to 30 ° C. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the finally obtained product.
[0035]
Example 8
48.33 g of n-stearyl glycidyl ether (laboratory self-produced distilled product, purity 96%) and 153.61 g of distilled water were placed in a 300 mL autoclave (manufactured by SUS304), and two inclined flat blades (width 3 cm, height 1 cm, While stirring at 800 rpm at an inclination angle of 45 degrees, the temperature was raised to 200 ° C. with a mantle heater. Subsequently, the temperature was kept at 200 ° C. for 1800 minutes, and then cooled to 30 ° C. to recover the product. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the finally obtained product.
[0036]
Example 9
A tubular reactor in which n-butyl glycidyl ether (manufactured by Katayama Chemical Co., Ltd .; grade 1) was continuously immersed in an oil bath at 240 ° C. at 1.184 g / min and ion-exchanged water at 2.710 g / min ( The inner diameter of the tube was 0.8 mm and the length was 30 m), and was supplied with a non-pulsating plunger pump. The product was recovered from the first hour after the supply when the reaction composition became steady. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the obtained product.
[0037]
Example 10
A tubular reactor in which 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .; grade 1) was continuously immersed in an oil bath at 240 ° C. at 0.0506 g / min and ion-exchanged water at 0.0701 g / min ( The inner diameter of the tube was 0.8 mm and the length was 30 m), and the product was recovered from the 10th hour after the supply when the reaction composition became steady. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the obtained product.
[0038]
Comparative Example 1
n-Butylglycidyl ether (Katayama Chemical Co., Ltd .; grade 1) 46.86 g, ion-exchanged water 51.77 g, p-toluenesulfonic acid (Katayama Chemical Co., Ltd .; special grade) 1.37 g as a catalyst in a volume of 200 mL Into a glass four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser and heated in an oil bath while stirring at 500 rpm with a crescent blade (width 4 cm, height 1 cm), up to 100 ° C. while refluxing evaporated water The temperature rose. Subsequently, the temperature was kept at 100 ° C. for 180 minutes, and then the product was recovered by cooling to 30 ° C. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the finally obtained product.
[0039]
Comparative Example 2
2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether (Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd .; grade 1) 126.55 g, ion-exchanged water 73.45 g, sodium hydroxide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .; special grade) 0.31 g as a catalyst, 300 mL autoclave It was put into (made of SUS304), and it heated up to 200 degreeC with the mantle heater, stirring at 800 rpm with two inclined flat blades (width 3cm, height 1cm, inclination-angle 45 degree | times). Next, the temperature was maintained at 200 ° C. for 50 minutes, and then the product was recovered by cooling to 30 ° C. Table 1 shows the reaction conversion rate and the yield of glyceryl ether on the gas chromatography of the finally obtained product.
[0040]
Table 1 summarizes the details of the results of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-2.
[0041]
[Table 1]
[0042]
In each of Examples 1 to 10, glyceryl ether was obtained in a high yield, and purification was not particularly required except that unreacted water and the product were separated.
[0043]
On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 was obtained by hydrolysis of glycidyl ether according to a known method in the presence of an acid and Comparative Example 2 in the presence of an alkali. In addition, the yield was low as compared with Examples 1 and 4 corresponding to those comparative examples in which hydrolysis was carried out without using acid or alkali.
[0044]
From these results, it can be seen that according to the present invention, glyceryl ether can be produced in a high yield as compared with the conventional method without requiring a substantial purification operation. Moreover, from Examples 4 and 7, it can be seen that the yield is improved by increasing the amount of water used for hydrolysis of the raw material.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, glyceryl ether can be produced with high purity and high yield without substantially requiring purification operation.
Claims (3)
で示される化合物を無触媒下で0℃以上250℃未満の温度範囲にて加水分解することを特徴とするグリセリルエーテルの製造方法。Formula (I):
A method for producing glyceryl ether, comprising hydrolyzing a compound represented by the formula below in a temperature range of 0 ° C. or higher and lower than 250 ° C. without a catalyst.
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