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JP3965552B2 - Method for producing synthetic quartz glass - Google Patents
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JP3965552B2 - Method for producing synthetic quartz glass - Google Patents

Method for producing synthetic quartz glass Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3965552B2
JP3965552B2 JP2001393534A JP2001393534A JP3965552B2 JP 3965552 B2 JP3965552 B2 JP 3965552B2 JP 2001393534 A JP2001393534 A JP 2001393534A JP 2001393534 A JP2001393534 A JP 2001393534A JP 3965552 B2 JP3965552 B2 JP 3965552B2
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Prior art keywords
quartz glass
synthetic quartz
fluorine
annealing
birefringence
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JP2003192363A (en
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浩司 松尾
素行 山田
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/06Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2201/00Glass compositions
    • C03C2201/06Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03C2201/08Doped silica-based glasses containing boron or halide
    • C03C2201/12Doped silica-based glasses containing boron or halide containing fluorine
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2203/00Production processes
    • C03C2203/50After-treatment
    • C03C2203/52Heat-treatment
    • C03C2203/54Heat-treatment in a dopant containing atmosphere

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、真空紫外領域で使用されるリソグラフィー用光学部材に有用な合成石英ガラスの製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
合成石英ガラスは、その高い紫外線透過性のため、半導体製造におけるリソグラフィー用の光学部材として主要な役割を果たしている。リソグラフィー装置における合成石英ガラスの役割は、シリコンウエハ上への回路パターンの露光、転写工程で用いられるステッパー用レンズ材料やレチクル(フォトマスク)基板材料である。
【0003】
ステッパー装置は、照明系部、投影レンズ部、ウエハ駆動部から構成されており、光源から出た光を照明系が均一な照度の光としてレチクル上に供給し、投影レンズ部がレチクル上の回路パターンを正確かつ縮小してウエハ上に結像させる役割をもっている。
【0004】
これらの素材に要求される品質は、光源からの光の透過性の高いことはもちろんのこと、透過する光の強度が均一であるなど光学的均質性も非常に重要なものとなっている。近年、LSIはますます多機能、高性能化しており、ウエハ上の素子の高集積化技術が研究開発されている。
【0005】
素子の高集積化のためには、微細なパターンの転写が可能な高い解像度を得る必要があり、この場合、解像度は下記式(1)で表すことができる。
R = k1×λ/NA (1)
R : 解像度
k1 : 係数
λ : 光源の波長
NA : 開口数
【0006】
上記式(1)によれば、高解像度を得る手段は2つ考えられる。1つは、開口数を大きくすることである。しかしながら、開口数を大きくするとそれにつれて焦点深度が小さくなるため、現状がほぼ限界と考えられている。もう1つの方法は、光源を短波長化することである。現在、光源として利用されている紫外線の波長は248.3nm(KrF)が主流であるが、193.4nm(ArF)への移行が急がれており、また将来的には157.6nm(F2)への移行が非常に有力になっている。
【0007】
200nm以下の波長のいわゆる真空紫外域に使用する素材としては、透過性のみであればフッ化カルシウム単結晶も使用可能と考えられるが、素材強度、熱膨張率やレチクル用基板として使用するための表面研磨技術等、実用レベルで克服すべき問題が多い。
【0008】
このため合成石英ガラスは、将来的にもレチクル用の基板を構成する素材として非常に重要な役割を担うと考えられる。
【0009】
しかしながら、高い紫外線透過性を有している合成石英ガラスであっても、200nm以下の真空紫外域では透過性が次第に低下していき、合成石英ガラスの本質的な構造による吸収領域である140nm付近になると光を通さなくなる。
【0010】
本質吸収領域までの範囲における透過性は、合成石英ガラス内の不安定な構造や欠陥構造によって決まる。
【0011】
不安定な構造とは、合成石英ガラスの基本骨格であるSi−O−Si結合で、不安定な結合角を有するものであり、3員環及び4員環構造をとる。これらがレーザー照射を受けると、そのエネルギーにより開環し、欠陥構造を生成する。
【0012】
欠陥構造に関しては、たとえば、光源波長が157.6nmであるF2エキシマレーザーを例にとると、透過率に影響する欠陥構造としてSi−Si結合及びSi−OH結合が存在する。Si−Si結合は酸素欠損型欠陥と言われ、吸収の中心波長を163nmにもつ。
【0013】
この酸素欠損型欠陥は、215nmに吸収帯を示すSi・欠陥構造の前駆体でもあるため、F2(157.6nm)ではもちろんのこと、KrF(248.3nm)やArF(193.4nm)を光源とする場合にも非常に問題となる。また、Si−OH結合は160nm付近に吸収帯を示す。
【0014】
よって高い真空紫外線透過性を実現するためには、上記の3員環及び4員環構造や欠陥構造を可能な限り低減させる必要がある。
【0015】
これを解決するために従来の研究では、シリカ原料ガスの火炎加水分解により多孔質シリカ母材を作製し、これをフッ素化合物ガス雰囲気下で溶融ガラス化するなどの方法がとられてきた。
【0016】
この方法により、合成石英ガラス中にフッ素がドープされるわけであるが、フッ素のドープにより3員環及び4員環構造が低減することが知られている。また、フッ素ドープにより合成石英ガラス中のSi−OH結合をなくし、Si−F結合を生成させることができる。Si−F結合は結合エネルギーが大きく、強固な結合であり、その上150〜170nmに吸収帯をもたない。その結果として、上記方法でフッ素をドープした合成石英ガラスはF2(157.6nm)の真空紫外線に対して高い透過性を示す。
【0017】
しかしながら、このようにして得られた合成石英ガラスを成型し基板を作製すると、基板面内で複屈折が非常に高いなどの光学的な不均一性を示す場合が少なくない。このような光学的に不均一な基板をレチクル等に使用した場合、転写する像が一部ぼやけてしまい、材料としての使用が困難になる。そのため、高い透過性を有することに加えて、光学的に均質である合成石英ガラスの製造方法の確立が望まれている。
【0018】
本発明は、上記要望に応えるためになされたもので、真空紫外光に対して高い透過性を有し、複屈折量が低く、光学的に均質な合成石英ガラスの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0019】
【課題を解決するための手段及び発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するため、ガラス化した合成石英ガラスの熱処理条件を鋭意検討した結果、フッ素原子を含有する合成石英ガラス材に対し、これを更にフッ素化合物を含む雰囲気下で熱処理すること、この場合、特に熱処理前に予め合成石英ガラス材の外周部分を除去しておくことにより、400nm以下、特にArFやF2など200nm以下の真空紫外光に対して高い透過性を有し、かつ複屈折量が低い、光学的に均質な合成石英ガラスが得られることを知見し、本発明をなすに至った。
【0020】
即ち、本発明は、下記合成石英ガラスの製造方法を提供する。
(1)フッ素原子を含有する合成石英ガラス材をフッ素化合物を含んだ雰囲気下で熱処理することを特徴とする合成石英ガラスの製造方法、
(2)熱処理する合成石英ガラス材の外周部分を予め除去しておくことを特徴とする(1)記載の合成石英ガラスの製造方法
【0021】
以下、本発明につき更に詳しく説明する。
本発明は、真空紫外光の透過率が高く、かつ光学的に均質なフッ素含有合成石英ガラスの製造方法に係るものである。
【0022】
ここで、真空紫外光の透過率を高めるためには、合成石英ガラスにフッ素原子をドープすることが必要であり、フッ素ドープにより、合成石英ガラス中の不安定な結合状態や欠陥構造を低減させることができる。その上、ドープにより生成したSi−F結合は結合エネルギーが大きいため、耐紫外線性が良好である。
【0023】
従って、本発明においては、まずフッ素ドープ合成石英ガラス材を製造する。この場合、その方法としては、酸素ガス、水素ガス及びシリカ製造原料ガスをバーナーから反応域に供給し、この反応域においてシリカ製造原料ガスの火炎加水分解によりシリカ微粒子を生成させると共に、上記反応域に回転可能に配置された基材に上記シリカ微粒子を堆積させて多孔質シリカ母材を作製し、この母材をフッ素化合物ガス含有雰囲気下で加熱・溶融し、合成石英ガラス材を得る方法が採用し得る。かかる方法自体は公知の方法、条件を採用し得、例えば酸素ガス、水素ガス、シリカ製造原料ガスの流量などは通常の流量範囲を選択し得る。また、フッ素化合物ガスをバーナーから反応域に供給し、フッ素含有多孔質シリカ母材を作製し、これをガラス化しても良い。
【0024】
シリカ製造原料ガスとしては、四塩化ケイ素などのクロロシランやテトラメトキシシランなどのアルコキシシラン、ヘキサメチルジシランなどのジシラン等の公知のケイ素化合物が使用されるが、Si−Cl結合の紫外線吸収を考慮すると、Clを含まないアルコキシシランが好ましい。フッ素化合物ガスとしては、SiF4、CHF3、CF4などが選択されうる。加熱・溶融雰囲気としては、上記フッ素化合物ガスやヘリウム、アルゴンなどの不活性ガス又はこれらの混合雰囲気とされる。ここで、ガラス化温度及び時間は、ガラス化雰囲気中のフッ素化合物ガス濃度や多孔質シリカ母材の密度などにより1200〜1700℃の範囲で適切な条件が選択される。ガラス化の前に、ガラス化温度より低い温度で多孔質シリカ母材を加熱する、脱水工程を実施しても良い。この場合の加熱雰囲気も、上記フッ素化合物ガスやヘリウム、アルゴンなどの不活性ガス又はこれらの混合雰囲気とされる。
【0025】
ガラス化後は同炉内にて急冷、徐冷もしくは放冷にて室温まで冷却されるのであるが、冷却もフッ素化合物ガス含有雰囲気下で行うのが好ましい。
【0026】
このようにして得られるフッ素原子を含有する合成石英ガラス材中におけるフッ素ドープ量は0.1重量%以上、より好ましくは0.1〜2.4重量%、更に好ましくは0.3〜1.5重量%であることが好ましい。
【0027】
このようにして得られたフッ素ドープ合成石英ガラス材を成型し、熱処理・切断・研磨等の工程を経てリソグラフィー用の光学部材を製造し得るが、本発明においては、フッ素化合物含有雰囲気下でフッ素ドープ合成石英ガラス材の熱処理を行う。
【0028】
即ち、従来では、合成石英ガラスの歪を除去するためのアニール処理は大気中で行われるのであるが、このような環境下では合成石英ガラス中のSi−F結合が熱で切断され、外周部に変質層が生成する。この変質層が存在すると、アニール処理しても合成石英ガラス中の歪の除去が困難になる。
【0029】
本発明では、この変質層の発生を抑制する環境下でアニール処理することにより、歪の除去を効果的に実施する。つまり、フッ素化合物含有雰囲気下でアニールを行う。
【0030】
この場合のフッ素化合物は、SiF4、CHF3、CF4などが選択され、アニール雰囲気としては、上記フッ素化合物ガス雰囲気又はフッ素化合物ガスとヘリウム、アルゴンなどの不活性ガスとの混合雰囲気とされる。
【0031】
アニール時のフッ素化合物濃度は、合成石英ガラス中のフッ素原子濃度又は合成石英ガラス製造時(ドープ時)の濃度に相当する濃度以上が好ましい。
【0032】
また、熱間成型等で既に生成してしまった変質層をアニール処理の前に予め除去することにより、尚一層の歪除去効果を得ることができる。
【0033】
変質層の深さは合成石英ガラスのフッ素原子濃度や熱処理条件によって異なるが、通常の場合は表面から数mmであり、1〜10mm程度研削又は切断すれば大抵の場合除去される。
【0034】
アニールの温度条件については、合成石英ガラスの徐冷点以上で歪を除去し得る一定時間(通常1〜10時間)加熱保持し、次いで歪点以下まで徐冷する方法で良いのであるが、徐冷点及び歪点は合成石英ガラス中のフッ素原子濃度で変化するので、適切な温度を設定する必要がある。通常は1200℃以下の範囲である。歪点以下までの徐冷速度は10℃/Hr以下が好ましい。
【0035】
このように、本発明では、フッ素ドープにより400nm以下の波長領域、特に真空紫外領域で高い透過性を有する合成石英ガラスにおいて、従来とは異なる条件で熱処理することにより複屈折を低減させ、光学的均質性を向上させるものである。
【0036】
即ち、従来、熱処理は合成石英ガラス内の熱応力による歪などを除去するために行われてきた。その方法としては、合成石英ガラスの徐冷点以上で一定時間加熱し、歪点以下まで徐冷するものである。ここで、歪点とは合成石英ガラスの粘度が1013.5Pa・sとなる温度であり、この温度では粘性流動が事実上起こらず、この温度未満ではガラス中の歪を除去できない。また、徐冷点は粘度が1012Pa・sとなる温度であり、ガラス加工で生じた内部歪が約15分で除去できる温度とされている(非晶質シリカ材料応用ハンドブック、株式会社リアライズ社)。
【0037】
つまり、従来の熱処理方法としては、15分で歪が除去できるような高温で保持することにより歪を除去し、冷却の際にあらたな歪が発生しないように時間をかけて徐冷する。
【0038】
この方法では、直接法やスート法などで合成した通常の合成石英ガラスの複屈折を低減させることができるが、F2エキシマレーザ用のようなフッ素をドープした合成石英ガラスについては、必ずしも複屈折を低減できるとは限らなかった。
この理由について、本発明者らは以下のように考えている。
【0039】
フッ素を含有した合成石英ガラスを高温下にさらすと、合成石英ガラス中のSi−F結合が一部切れて、その部分のフッ素原子濃度が低下する。結合の切断は合成石英ガラスの外周部分で発生しやすいので、合成石英ガラスの中央部分に比べて外周部のフッ素濃度は低くなる。実際にEPMA(Electron Probe Micro Analyzer)分析にて熱処理した合成石英ガラスの表面を分析したところ、表面のフッ素原子濃度は検出限界以下であった。
【0040】
合成石英ガラスの外周部は、フッ素原子濃度が低いために中央部よりも粘性が非常に高く、先述の徐冷点や歪点も粘性に応じて高温になる。このような高粘性な層(以下、変質層とする)が合成石英ガラスの外周に存在すると、歪除去を目的としてアニール処理を行った場合、徐冷の際に外周部分から先に硬化するため内部の応力が十分解放されずに合成石英ガラス中にとどまってしまう。また、このような状況下では、応力を解放して歪を除去するのが困難なだけでなく、外周の変質層によりあらたな歪を発生させる場合もありうる。実際に合成石英ガラスの複屈折を測定した場合、アニールしてもなお複屈折の高い合成石英ガラスは、その外周部分に複屈折の高い領域が存在している場合が非常に多い。
【0041】
変質層の発生は合成石英ガラスを高温にさらした場合に発生するが、本発明では歪除去のアニール処理をフッ素化合物含有雰囲気下で行うため、合成石英ガラス中のSi−F結合が熱で切断されても、再結合されやすい環境にある。また、アニール雰囲気中のフッ素濃度が高いため、合成石英ガラスからのフッ素の拡散を抑制することができる。そのため、変質層の生成を抑制し、アニールによる歪除去効果を十分に発揮することができる。
【0042】
また、合成石英ガラスを大気中で熱間成型した場合、外周に変質層が生成される可能性が高いわけであるが、この合成石英ガラスの外周を研削・切断などにより除去することにより、フッ素化合物含有雰囲気下でのアニールをより効果的に行うことができる。
【0043】
このようにして得られた合成石英ガラスは、熱処理後の研削・切断加工や研磨などを経てリソグラフィー用の光学部材を得ることができる。その結果、得られた部材、例えばレチクル用の基板であれば、その物性は以下の値が好ましい。
【0044】
透過率は分光光度計により測定され、157.6nmであれば83.0%以上、好ましくは85.0%以上とする。透過率分布は、157.6nmで1.0%以下が好ましい。より好ましくは0.5%以下、更に好ましくは0.3%以下とする。
【0045】
複屈折量は、波長633nmのHe−Neレーザーによる光ヘテロダイン法により測定され、その値は10nm/cm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは5nm/cm以下、更に好ましくは1nm/cm以下とする。複屈折量は波長依存性があるため、測定値はF2レーザーの使用波長である157.6nmやArFエキシマレーザの使用波長である193.4nmなどの複屈折量に換算することができる(Physics and Chemistry of Glasses 19 (4) 1978)。
【0046】
【実施例】
以下、実施例と比較例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に制限されるものではない。なお、この実施例に記載されている合成石英ガラスの熱処理温度などの条件は、この発明をその範囲に限定することを意味しない。
【0047】
[実施例1]
多孔質シリカ母材をSiF4とHeの混合ガス雰囲気(SiF4濃度:10vol%)で加熱溶融してフッ素含有合成石英ガラスインゴットを作製し、これを180mm角のサイズに加熱成型した。
成型インゴットの中央125mm角内の複屈折を測定したところ、30nm/cm以上であった。
次いで、この成型インゴットのアニールを行った。アニールの条件は、多孔質シリカ母材のガラス化時と同じ濃度のSiF4とHeの混合雰囲気で1100℃で10時間保持し、SiF4濃度を一定に保ったまま500℃まで10℃/Hrの速度で徐冷した。
アニール後の複屈折をアニール前と同じ領域内で比較したところ、10nm/cm以下であった。結果を表1に示す。
【0048】
[実施例2]
実施例1と同様に、多孔質シリカ母材をSiF4とHeの混合ガス雰囲気で加熱溶融してフッ素含有合成石英ガラスインゴットを製造し、これを180mm角のサイズに加熱成型した。成型インゴットの中央125mm角内の複屈折を測定したところ、30nm/cm以上であった。
次いで、この成型インゴットの外周を全面3mm除去してからアニールを行った。アニールの条件は、多孔質シリカ母材のガラス化時と同じ濃度のSiF4とHeの混合雰囲気で1100℃で10時間保持し、SiF4濃度を一定に保ったまま500℃まで10℃/Hrの速度で徐冷した。アニール後の複屈折をアニール前と同じ領域内で比較したところ、5nm/cm以下であった。結果を表1に示す。
【0049】
[実施例3]
実施例1と同様に、多孔質シリカ母材をSiF4とHeの混合ガス雰囲気で加熱溶融してフッ素含有合成石英ガラスインゴットを製造し、これを180mm角のサイズに加熱成型した。成型インゴットの中央125mm角内の複屈折を測定したところ、30nm/cm以上であった。
次いで、この成型インゴットの外周を全面10mm除去してからアニールを行った。アニールの条件は、多孔質シリカ母材のガラス化時よりもSiF4濃度を高く(SiF4濃度:20vol%)し、1100℃で10時間保持し、SiF4濃度を一定に保ったまま500℃まで5℃/Hrの速度で徐冷した。アニール後の複屈折をアニール前と同じ領域内で比較したところ、3nm/cm以下であった。結果を表1に示す。
【0050】
[比較例1]
実施例1と同じ条件でフッ素含有合成石英ガラスの成型インゴットを作製し、成型インゴットの中央125mm角内の複屈折を測定したところ、30nm/cm以上であった。これを、大気雰囲気であることを除いて実施例1と同じ条件でアニールした。アニール後の複屈折をアニール前と同じ領域内で比較したところ、複屈折は依然30nm/cm以上であった。また、その測定領域内ではアニールによって複屈折が大きくなっている部分も見られた。結果を表1に示す。
【0051】
【表1】

Figure 0003965552
【0052】
【発明の効果】
本発明の合成石英ガラスの製造方法により、400nm以下の波長領域、特にF2エキシマレーザ用など200nm以下の真空紫外光に対して透過率が高く、複屈折量が低い、光学的に均質な合成石英ガラスを得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing useful synthetic quartz glass in lithography optical members used in the vacuum ultraviolet region.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Synthetic quartz glass plays a major role as an optical member for lithography in semiconductor manufacturing because of its high ultraviolet transmittance. The role of the synthetic quartz glass in the lithography apparatus is a lens material for a stepper and a reticle (photomask) substrate material used in a circuit pattern exposure and transfer process on a silicon wafer.
[0003]
The stepper device is composed of an illumination system unit, a projection lens unit, and a wafer drive unit, and the illumination system supplies light on the reticle as light of uniform illuminance, and the projection lens unit is a circuit on the reticle. It has the role of forming an image on the wafer by accurately and reducing the pattern.
[0004]
The quality required for these materials is of great importance not only for the high light transmission from the light source, but also for the optical homogeneity such as the uniform intensity of the transmitted light. In recent years, LSIs are becoming more and more multifunctional and high-performance, and high integration technology for elements on a wafer has been researched and developed.
[0005]
In order to achieve high integration of elements, it is necessary to obtain a high resolution capable of transferring a fine pattern. In this case, the resolution can be expressed by the following formula (1).
R = k1 × λ / NA (1)
R: resolution k1: coefficient λ: wavelength of light source NA: numerical aperture
According to the above formula (1), two means for obtaining a high resolution can be considered. One is to increase the numerical aperture. However, since the depth of focus decreases as the numerical aperture is increased, the current situation is considered to be almost the limit. Another method is to shorten the wavelength of the light source. Currently, the wavelength of ultraviolet light used as a light source is mainly 248.3 nm (KrF), but the transition to 193.4 nm (ArF) is urgent, and 157.6 nm (F) in the future. The transition to 2 ) has become very powerful.
[0007]
As a material to be used in a so-called vacuum ultraviolet region having a wavelength of 200 nm or less, it is considered that a calcium fluoride single crystal can be used as long as it is transparent. However, for use as a substrate for material strength, thermal expansion coefficient, and reticle. There are many problems to be overcome at the practical level, such as surface polishing technology.
[0008]
For this reason, it is considered that synthetic quartz glass will play a very important role as a material constituting a reticle substrate in the future.
[0009]
However, even in the case of synthetic quartz glass having high ultraviolet transparency, the transparency gradually decreases in the vacuum ultraviolet region of 200 nm or less, and the vicinity of 140 nm, which is an absorption region due to the essential structure of synthetic quartz glass. When it becomes, it stops transmitting light.
[0010]
The permeability in the range up to the intrinsic absorption region is determined by an unstable structure or a defect structure in the synthetic quartz glass.
[0011]
The unstable structure is a Si—O—Si bond that is a basic skeleton of synthetic quartz glass, and has an unstable bond angle, and has a three-membered ring or a four-membered ring structure. When these are subjected to laser irradiation, the ring is opened by the energy to generate a defect structure.
[0012]
Regarding the defect structure, for example, when an F 2 excimer laser having a light source wavelength of 157.6 nm is taken as an example, Si—Si bonds and Si—OH bonds exist as defect structures that affect the transmittance. The Si—Si bond is said to be an oxygen-deficient defect and has a central wavelength of absorption at 163 nm.
[0013]
Since this oxygen deficiency type defect is also a precursor of Si · defect structure having an absorption band at 215 nm, not only F 2 (157.6 nm) but also KrF (248.3 nm) and ArF (193.4 nm) are used. Even when it is used as a light source, it becomes very problematic. Further, the Si—OH bond shows an absorption band near 160 nm.
[0014]
Therefore, in order to realize high vacuum ultraviolet ray permeability, it is necessary to reduce the three-membered and four-membered ring structures and defect structures as much as possible.
[0015]
In order to solve this problem, in the conventional research, a method has been adopted in which a porous silica base material is prepared by flame hydrolysis of a silica raw material gas, and this is melted and vitrified in a fluorine compound gas atmosphere.
[0016]
By this method, the synthetic quartz glass is doped with fluorine. It is known that the doping of fluorine reduces the three-membered and four-membered ring structures. Further, Si—F bonds can be generated by eliminating Si—OH bonds in synthetic quartz glass by fluorine doping. The Si-F bond has a large bond energy and is a strong bond, and has no absorption band at 150 to 170 nm. As a result, the synthetic quartz glass doped with fluorine by the above method exhibits high permeability to vacuum ultraviolet rays of F 2 (157.6 nm).
[0017]
However, when the synthetic quartz glass obtained as described above is molded to produce a substrate, optical non-uniformity such as very high birefringence within the substrate surface is often exhibited. When such an optically non-uniform substrate is used as a reticle or the like, the transferred image is partially blurred, making it difficult to use as a material. Therefore, in addition to having high transmittance, establishment of a method for producing optically homogeneous synthetic quartz glass is desired.
[0018]
The present invention has been made in order to meet the demand, has high transparency to vacuum ultraviolet light, the birefringence amount is low, to provide a method of manufacturing optically homogeneous synthetic quartz glass With the goal.
[0019]
Means for Solving the Problem and Embodiment of the Invention
In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have intensively studied the heat treatment conditions of vitrified synthetic quartz glass. As a result, the synthetic quartz glass material containing fluorine atoms is further subjected to an atmosphere containing a fluorine compound. By performing heat treatment, in this case, especially by removing the outer peripheral portion of the synthetic quartz glass material in advance before the heat treatment, it has high transparency to vacuum ultraviolet light of 400 nm or less, particularly ArF or F 2 such as 200 nm or less. In addition, the inventors have found that an optically homogeneous synthetic quartz glass having a low birefringence amount can be obtained, and have reached the present invention.
[0020]
That is, the present invention provides the following manufacturing method synthetic quartz glass.
(1) A method for producing synthetic quartz glass, characterized by heat-treating a synthetic quartz glass material containing fluorine atoms in an atmosphere containing a fluorine compound,
(2) The method for producing synthetic quartz glass according to (1), wherein an outer peripheral portion of the synthetic quartz glass material to be heat-treated is previously removed .
[0021]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The present invention vacuum ultraviolet light transmittance is high, and according to the method of manufacturing optically homogeneous fluorine-containing synthetic quartz glass.
[0022]
Here, in order to increase the transmittance of vacuum ultraviolet light, it is necessary to dope the synthetic quartz glass with fluorine atoms, and fluorine doping reduces the unstable bonding state and defect structure in the synthetic quartz glass. be able to. In addition, since the Si—F bond generated by doping has a large bond energy, the UV resistance is good.
[0023]
Therefore, in the present invention, a fluorine-doped synthetic quartz glass material is first manufactured. In this case, as the method, oxygen gas, hydrogen gas, and silica production raw material gas are supplied from a burner to the reaction zone, and silica fine particles are generated by flame hydrolysis of the silica production raw material gas in the reaction zone, and the reaction zone described above. A method of obtaining a synthetic quartz glass material by depositing the silica fine particles on a substrate disposed rotatably on the substrate to produce a porous silica base material and heating and melting the base material in an atmosphere containing a fluorine compound gas. Can be adopted. For this method itself, known methods and conditions can be adopted. For example, the flow rate of oxygen gas, hydrogen gas, silica production raw material gas and the like can be selected from a normal flow range. Alternatively, a fluorine compound gas may be supplied from a burner to the reaction zone to produce a fluorine-containing porous silica base material, which may be vitrified.
[0024]
As the silica production raw material gas, known silicon compounds such as chlorosilanes such as silicon tetrachloride, alkoxysilanes such as tetramethoxysilane, and disilanes such as hexamethyldisilane are used, but considering the ultraviolet absorption of Si-Cl bonds. An alkoxysilane containing no Cl is preferred. As the fluorine compound gas, SiF 4 , CHF 3 , CF 4 or the like can be selected. The heating / melting atmosphere is the above-mentioned fluorine compound gas, an inert gas such as helium or argon, or a mixed atmosphere thereof. Here, the vitrification temperature and time are appropriately selected in the range of 1200 to 1700 ° C. depending on the fluorine compound gas concentration in the vitrification atmosphere and the density of the porous silica base material. Prior to vitrification, a dehydration step of heating the porous silica base material at a temperature lower than the vitrification temperature may be performed. The heating atmosphere in this case is also the above-described fluorine compound gas, an inert gas such as helium or argon, or a mixed atmosphere thereof.
[0025]
After vitrification, it is cooled to room temperature by rapid cooling, gradual cooling or standing cooling in the same furnace, but cooling is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing a fluorine compound gas.
[0026]
The amount of fluorine doped in the synthetic quartz glass material containing fluorine atoms thus obtained is 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1 to 2.4% by weight, still more preferably 0.3 to 1.%. It is preferably 5% by weight.
[0027]
The fluorine-doped synthetic quartz glass material thus obtained is molded, and an optical member for lithography can be produced through processes such as heat treatment, cutting, and polishing. In the present invention, fluorine is contained in a fluorine compound-containing atmosphere. A heat treatment is performed on the doped synthetic quartz glass material.
[0028]
That is, conventionally, the annealing treatment for removing the distortion of the synthetic quartz glass is performed in the atmosphere. Under such an environment, the Si—F bond in the synthetic quartz glass is cut by heat, and the outer peripheral portion An altered layer is formed. If this deteriorated layer is present, it becomes difficult to remove the strain in the synthetic quartz glass even if the annealing treatment is performed.
[0029]
In the present invention, the strain is effectively removed by annealing in an environment that suppresses the generation of the deteriorated layer. That is, annealing is performed in a fluorine compound-containing atmosphere.
[0030]
In this case, SiF 4 , CHF 3 , CF 4 or the like is selected as the fluorine compound, and the annealing atmosphere is the fluorine compound gas atmosphere or a mixed atmosphere of the fluorine compound gas and an inert gas such as helium or argon. .
[0031]
The fluorine compound concentration at the time of annealing is preferably equal to or higher than the fluorine atom concentration in the synthetic quartz glass or the concentration at the time of manufacturing the synthetic quartz glass (doping).
[0032]
Further, by removing the deteriorated layer that has already been generated by hot forming or the like before the annealing treatment, a further strain removing effect can be obtained.
[0033]
The depth of the altered layer varies depending on the fluorine atom concentration of the synthetic quartz glass and the heat treatment conditions, but is usually several mm from the surface and is usually removed by grinding or cutting about 1 to 10 mm.
[0034]
Regarding the annealing temperature condition, a method of heating and holding for a certain period of time (usually 1 to 10 hours) at which strain can be removed at or above the annealing point of the synthetic quartz glass and then gradually cooling to below the strain point may be used. Since the cold spot and strain point vary with the fluorine atom concentration in the synthetic quartz glass, it is necessary to set an appropriate temperature. Usually, it is the range of 1200 degrees C or less. The slow cooling rate below the strain point is preferably 10 ° C./Hr or less.
[0035]
As described above, in the present invention, the synthetic quartz glass having high transparency in the wavelength region of 400 nm or less, particularly in the vacuum ultraviolet region by fluorine doping, reduces the birefringence by heat treatment under conditions different from conventional ones, and optically It improves homogeneity.
[0036]
That is, conventionally, the heat treatment has been performed in order to remove distortion caused by thermal stress in the synthetic quartz glass. As the method, the synthetic quartz glass is heated for a certain time above the annealing point of the synthetic quartz glass, and then gradually cooled to below the strain point. Here, the strain point is a temperature at which the viscosity of the synthetic quartz glass is 10 13.5 Pa · s. At this temperature, the viscous flow does not actually occur, and the strain in the glass cannot be removed below this temperature. The annealing point is a temperature at which the viscosity becomes 10 12 Pa · s, and the temperature at which the internal strain generated by glass processing can be removed in about 15 minutes (Amorphous Silica Material Handbook, Realize Co., Ltd.) Company).
[0037]
That is, as a conventional heat treatment method, strain is removed by holding at a high temperature at which strain can be removed in 15 minutes, and then slowly cooled over time so that no new strain is generated during cooling.
[0038]
This method can reduce the birefringence of ordinary synthetic quartz glass synthesized by the direct method or the soot method. However, the synthetic quartz glass doped with fluorine such as for F 2 excimer laser does not necessarily have birefringence. Could not be reduced.
The present inventors consider this reason as follows.
[0039]
When the synthetic quartz glass containing fluorine is exposed to a high temperature, a part of the Si-F bond in the synthetic quartz glass is broken, and the fluorine atom concentration in that part is lowered. Since the bond breakage is likely to occur in the outer peripheral portion of the synthetic quartz glass, the fluorine concentration in the outer peripheral portion is lower than that in the central portion of the synthetic quartz glass. When the surface of the synthetic quartz glass that was actually heat-treated by EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer) analysis was analyzed, the fluorine atom concentration on the surface was below the detection limit.
[0040]
The outer peripheral portion of the synthetic quartz glass has a much higher viscosity than the central portion because the fluorine atom concentration is low, and the above-described annealing point and strain point also become high depending on the viscosity. If such a highly viscous layer (hereinafter referred to as an altered layer) is present on the outer periphery of the synthetic quartz glass, when annealing is performed for the purpose of strain removal, the outer peripheral portion is hardened first during slow cooling. The internal stress is not fully released and remains in the synthetic quartz glass. In such a situation, it is difficult not only to release the stress by removing the stress but also to generate a new strain due to the deteriorated layer on the outer periphery. When the birefringence of the synthetic quartz glass is actually measured, the synthetic quartz glass having a high birefringence even after annealing often has a region having a high birefringence in the outer peripheral portion.
[0041]
The generation of the altered layer occurs when the synthetic quartz glass is exposed to a high temperature. In the present invention, since the annealing treatment for removing strain is performed in an atmosphere containing a fluorine compound, the Si-F bond in the synthetic quartz glass is cut by heat. However, it is in an environment where it is easy to recombine. Further, since the fluorine concentration in the annealing atmosphere is high, diffusion of fluorine from the synthetic quartz glass can be suppressed. Therefore, generation of a deteriorated layer can be suppressed and the effect of removing strain by annealing can be sufficiently exhibited.
[0042]
In addition, when synthetic quartz glass is hot-molded in the atmosphere, an altered layer is likely to be generated on the outer periphery. By removing the outer periphery of this synthetic quartz glass by grinding, cutting, etc., fluorine can be obtained. Annealing in a compound-containing atmosphere can be performed more effectively.
[0043]
The synthetic quartz glass thus obtained can provide an optical member for lithography through grinding, cutting and polishing after heat treatment. As a result, if it is the obtained member, for example, a substrate for a reticle, its physical properties preferably have the following values.
[0044]
The transmittance is measured by a spectrophotometer, and if it is 157.6 nm, it is 83.0% or more, preferably 85.0% or more. The transmittance distribution is preferably 1.0% or less at 157.6 nm. More preferably, it is 0.5% or less, More preferably, it is 0.3% or less.
[0045]
The amount of birefringence is measured by an optical heterodyne method using a He—Ne laser with a wavelength of 633 nm, and the value is preferably 10 nm / cm or less, more preferably 5 nm / cm or less, still more preferably 1 nm / cm or less. Since the birefringence amount is wavelength-dependent, the measured value can be converted into a birefringence amount such as 157.6 nm, which is the wavelength used by the F 2 laser, and 193.4 nm, which is the wavelength used by the ArF excimer laser (Physics). and Chemistry of Glasses 19 (4) 1978).
[0046]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are shown and this invention is demonstrated concretely, this invention is not restrict | limited to the following Example. In addition, conditions, such as the heat processing temperature of the synthetic quartz glass described in this Example, do not mean that this invention is limited to the range.
[0047]
[Example 1]
The porous silica base material was heated and melted in a mixed gas atmosphere of SiF 4 and He (SiF 4 concentration: 10 vol%) to produce a fluorine-containing synthetic quartz glass ingot, which was heat-molded into a 180 mm square size.
The birefringence in the central 125 mm square of the molded ingot was measured and found to be 30 nm / cm or more.
Next, the molded ingot was annealed. The annealing conditions are as follows: 10 ° C./Hr up to 500 ° C. while keeping the SiF 4 concentration constant at 10 ° C. for 10 hours in a mixed atmosphere of SiF 4 and He at the same concentration as when vitrifying the porous silica base material. Slow cooling at a rate of.
When the birefringence after annealing was compared in the same region as before annealing, it was 10 nm / cm or less. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0048]
[Example 2]
Similarly to Example 1, a porous silica base material was heated and melted in a mixed gas atmosphere of SiF 4 and He to produce a fluorine-containing synthetic quartz glass ingot, which was heat-molded into a 180 mm square size. The birefringence in the central 125 mm square of the molded ingot was measured and found to be 30 nm / cm or more.
Next, annealing was performed after removing 3 mm of the entire outer periphery of the molded ingot. The annealing conditions are as follows: 10 ° C./Hr up to 500 ° C. while keeping the SiF 4 concentration constant at 10 ° C. for 10 hours in a mixed atmosphere of SiF 4 and He at the same concentration as when vitrifying the porous silica base material. Slow cooling at a rate of. When the birefringence after annealing was compared in the same region as before annealing, it was 5 nm / cm or less. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0049]
[Example 3]
Similarly to Example 1, a porous silica base material was heated and melted in a mixed gas atmosphere of SiF 4 and He to produce a fluorine-containing synthetic quartz glass ingot, which was heat-molded into a 180 mm square size. The birefringence in the central 125 mm square of the molded ingot was measured and found to be 30 nm / cm or more.
Next, annealing was performed after removing 10 mm of the entire outer periphery of the molded ingot. The annealing conditions were such that the SiF 4 concentration was higher than that during vitrification of the porous silica base material (SiF 4 concentration: 20 vol%), held at 1100 ° C. for 10 hours, and kept at a constant SiF 4 concentration of 500 ° C. The solution was gradually cooled to 5 ° C./Hr. When the birefringence after annealing was compared in the same region as before annealing, it was 3 nm / cm or less. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0050]
[Comparative Example 1]
When a molded ingot of fluorine-containing synthetic quartz glass was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the birefringence within the central 125 mm square of the molded ingot was measured, it was 30 nm / cm or more. This was annealed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except for the atmosphere. When the birefringence after annealing was compared in the same region as before the annealing, the birefringence was still 30 nm / cm or more. Further, in the measurement region, a portion where the birefringence was increased by annealing was also observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0051]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003965552
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
By the synthetic quartz glass manufacturing method of the present invention, optically homogeneous synthesis with high transmittance and low birefringence in a wavelength region of 400 nm or less, particularly for vacuum ultraviolet light of 200 nm or less such as for F 2 excimer laser. Quartz glass can be obtained.

Claims (2)

フッ素原子を含有する合成石英ガラス材をフッ素化合物を含んだ雰囲気下で熱処理することを特徴とする合成石英ガラスの製造方法。  A method for producing synthetic quartz glass, characterized by heat-treating a synthetic quartz glass material containing fluorine atoms in an atmosphere containing a fluorine compound. 熱処理する合成石英ガラス材の外周部分を予め除去しておくことを特徴とする請求項1記載の合成石英ガラスの製造方法。  2. The method for producing synthetic quartz glass according to claim 1, wherein an outer peripheral portion of the synthetic quartz glass material to be heat-treated is previously removed.
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