JP3965833B2 - Porous film and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Porous film and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP3965833B2 JP3965833B2 JP19403699A JP19403699A JP3965833B2 JP 3965833 B2 JP3965833 B2 JP 3965833B2 JP 19403699 A JP19403699 A JP 19403699A JP 19403699 A JP19403699 A JP 19403699A JP 3965833 B2 JP3965833 B2 JP 3965833B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001786 chalcogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電池用セパレーター、精密濾過膜などの分離膜等として有用な多孔性フィルムに関する。更に詳しくは、良好な有機溶媒の透過特性を有し、かつ、面強度も強い多孔性フィルム及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、多孔性フィルムは、各種用途に広く使用され、かかる多孔性フィルムの製造方法について種々提案がなされている。例えば、ポリオレフィン及び可塑剤を含有する樹脂組成物から、一旦、フィルムを溶融押出成形で製造し、延伸後、フィルムに含まれる可塑剤を有機溶媒で抽出除去する方法(特公平6−21177号公報)、樹脂組成物よりフィルムを成形し、可塑剤を抽出する前後に延伸を行う方法(特開平6−240036号公報、特開平11−60789号)等が知られている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のような製造方法の改良により、多孔性フィルムにおける透気性、透液性、機械的強度などの諸物性が向上したが、同時に性能要求も高度化してきているため、なおも十分とは言えない。特に、非水電解液電池用セパレーターの用途においては、近年、電池の高性能化及び生産効率の向上を目的として、電解液の浸透性の向上した多孔性フィルムの要求が高まっている。
そこで、本発明は、優れた有機溶媒の透過特性を有し、かつ、面強度とのバランスがとれた、特に電池用セパレーターに好適な多孔性フィルムを提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は上記目的を達成するために鋭意検討した結果、多孔性フィルムを製造する際の可塑剤除去の前後で延伸条件を特定することにより、有機溶媒の浸透性と面強度のバランスがとれた新規な物性を有する多孔性フィルムが得られることが判明し、本発明を完成するに至った。即ち、本発明は、粘度平均分子量30万以上のポリオレフィン樹脂からなり、
(a)厚さが5〜100μm、
(b)プロピレンカーボネート透過時間が厚さ25μm換算で7秒以下、
(c)ピン刺し強度が400gf/25μm以上、
であることを特徴とする多孔性フィルム及びその製造方法に存する。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を更に詳細に説明する。本発明の多孔性フィルムは、その厚さ、プロピレンカーボネート透過時間及びピン刺し強度により特定される。本発明の多孔性フィルムの厚さは5〜100μm、好ましくは10〜50μmである。5μmより小さければ、例えば、電池用セパレーターとして用いた場合に正極と負極を隔離し、短絡を防ぐのが困難となるなどの問題となる。また、100μmより大きければ、電池用セパレーターとして用いた場合に正電池内部でのフィルムの体積占有率が高くなりすぎ、単位体積当たりのエネルギー密度が小さくなるので好ましくないなどの問題となる。
【0006】
また、本発明の多孔性フィルムのプロピレンカーボネート透過時間(PC透過時間)が25μm換算で7秒以下、好ましくは5〜1秒である。かかるPC透過時間は後述の実施例で記載した条件下で測定されるが、該数値が小さいほど有機溶媒の浸透性が高いことを示す。更に、本発明の多孔性フィルムのピン刺し強度は400gf/25μm以上、好ましくは500gf/25μm以上である。かかる範囲のピン刺し強度を有し、同時に前記のPC透過時間の範囲にある点が本発明の多孔性フィルムの大きな特徴である。
【0007】
本発明の多孔性フィルムのその他の物性はその範囲を特に制限するものではないが、空孔率は通常0.30〜0.95、好ましくは0.45〜0.80であり、ピーク孔径は通常0.01〜0.5μmである。また、透気度は通常10〜1000秒/100cc、好ましくは30〜500秒/100ccである。更に、引張強度は通常400kg/cm2以上、好ましくは500kg/cm2以上である。
【0008】
以上の本発明の多孔性フィルムを得るためには、粘度平均分子量30万以上のポリオレフィンと可塑剤からなる樹脂組成物をフィルム状に押出成形、延伸し、次いで可塑剤を除去し、再度延伸する方法であって、全延伸倍率の積Tが20以上、かつ、可塑剤除去後の面積延伸倍率に対する可塑剤除去前の面積延伸倍率の比Rが1〜12とする方法を採用することが望ましい。
【0009】
原料ポリオレフィンとしては、粘度平均分子量が30万以上、好ましくは50万〜250万のポリオレフィン樹脂、特にポリエチレン樹脂が用いることが好ましい。分子量30万未満では強度が必要な用途の場合、十分な強度を得ることが困難である。なお、かかる粘度平均分子量はASTM D4020に準拠して測定される。ポリオレフィン樹脂は単独種類でもよいが、ポリオレフィン樹脂同志のブレンド後の分子量が上記の範囲に調整したものであってもよい。なお、必要に応じて、分子量1000〜5000程度の低分子量のポリエチレンワックス等をポリエチレンに対して最大50重量%まで添加してもよい。
【0010】
一方、可塑剤としては、上記ポリオレフィンとの相溶性を考慮し、しかも該ポリオレフィンの融点より低い融点及び該ポリオレフィンの溶融温度より高い沸点を有し、かつ、ポリオレフィン不溶性の有機溶媒に可溶な物質が好適に用いられる。押出成形時の原料ハンドリングの簡便性を考慮すると、可塑剤としては常温固体のものが、好適に用いられる。例えば、ステアリルアルコール、セリルアルコールなどの高級脂肪族アルコール、n−デカン、n−ドデカンなどのn−アルカン類、パラフィンワックス、流動パラフィン、灯油などが挙げられる。ポリオレフィンと可塑剤との使用割合は、目的とする成形体の多孔構造の違いにもによるが、通常、ポリオレフィンが5〜60重量%で可塑剤が95〜40重量%であり、好ましくはポリオレフィンが10〜50重量%で可塑剤が90〜50重量%の範囲から選ばれる。また、酸化防止剤などの安定剤を最大5重量%程度までの範囲まで添加してもよい。
【0011】
このような原料組成物は、通常、公知の一軸又は二軸の押出機で均一に混練して溶融押出成形する。押出機としては、押出量、押出安定性、混練強度の点から二軸の押出機が好適に使用される。押出成形は、通常140〜300℃の温度で実施され、Tダイ、インフレーション成形等の公知の方法で、通常10μm〜1mmの厚さの原反フィルムを成形する。
【0012】
次に、得られた原反フィルムを一軸又は二軸延伸する。この延伸に際してはロール延伸機、テンター等の公知の任意の延伸装置を用いることができる。一軸延伸に関しては縦延伸、横延伸のいずれを選択することもできる。また、二軸延伸に関しては逐次二軸延伸、同時二軸延伸のいずれも可能である。特に好ましい方法としては、例えば、二軸延伸で面積延伸倍率を3〜30倍とし、且つ、延伸温度をポリオレフィン樹脂の結晶分散温度〜融点+10℃の範囲とすると、後工程の可塑剤除去により生成する孔の均一性が高くなりやすいので望ましい。
【0013】
なお、可塑剤除去前後の延伸に際して、フィルムを2枚以上を重ねて行う方法も可能である。具体的には2〜4枚程度が好ましく、これ以上フィルムを重ねるとフィルムのハンドリングが煩雑になるのであまり好ましくない。複数のフィルムを重ね合わせることによって、従来は機械的な制約によって十分な延伸を行うことができなかったのをかない回避することができる。また、可塑剤抽出の際にフィルムに重ねた場合は可塑剤除去が効率に実施することができる。
次に、延伸されたフィルムは、冷却後、可塑剤を除去して多孔化する。可塑剤の除去方法としては、例えば、フィルム中の可塑剤をイソプロパノール、エタノール、ヘキサンなどの有機溶媒で溶解し、溶媒置換により抽出除去する、所謂、公知の有機溶媒抽出法が挙げられる。
【0014】
上記のようにして可塑剤を除去し多孔化したフィルムに対し、再度一軸又は二軸延伸を行う。これにより、熱寸法安定性を付与される他、孔径や空孔率を大きくい範囲に調整することが可能であることで、浸液性をより高めることができる。延伸の方法としては、前述の、縦方向、横方向の積極的な延伸はもちろん、流れ方向、幅方向を拘束しフィルムの加熱収縮を阻害することで延伸効果を付与する、いわゆる消極的延伸も用いることもできる。最終的な多孔性フィルムの物性を損なわないため及びフィルムのハンドリング性を保つためには、該延伸温度が、好ましくは、ポリオレフィン樹脂の融点−10℃以上で融点以下で、且つ、好ましい面積倍率が通常1.5〜10倍とするのが適当である。該延伸の面積倍率が10倍を超えると、所望の浸透性が得られない場合がある。
【0015】
本発明の多孔性フィルムは以上のような工程により製造されるが、更に、可塑剤除去前後の延伸条件の相互関係を特定すること、具体的には、可塑剤除去前後の延伸を全て含んだ全延伸倍率の積Tと、可塑剤除去後の面積延伸倍率に対する可塑剤除去前の面積延伸倍率の比Rを特定範囲とすることが重要である。
上記の全延伸倍率の積Tは以下の式で表される。
【0016】
【数1】
T=(λPMD×λPTD)×(λAMD×λATD)
上記式におけるλPMD、λPTD、λAMD及びλATDは以下を表す。
λPMD:可塑剤除去前の縦方向の延伸倍率
λPTD:可塑剤除去前の横方向の延伸倍率
λAMD:可塑剤除去後の縦方向の延伸倍率
λATD:可塑剤除去後の横方向の延伸倍率
この全延伸倍率Tは通常20以上、好ましくは30〜200である。20未満では十分な機械的強度を得られにくく、また、上限に関しては特に制限はないが、フィルムの物性面よりも機械的制約が大きくなる。
【0017】
また、可塑剤除去後の面積延伸倍率に対する可塑剤除去前の面積延伸倍率の比Rは以下の式で表される。
【数2】
R=(λPMD×λPTD)/(λAMD×λATD)
上記式におけるλPMD、λPTD、λAMD及びλATDは以下を表す。
λPMD:可塑剤除去前の縦方向の延伸倍率
λPTD:可塑剤除去前の横方向の延伸倍率
λAMD:可塑剤除去後の縦方向の延伸倍率
λATD:可塑剤除去後の横方向の延伸倍率
【0018】
この面積延伸倍率比Rは通常1〜12、好ましくは2〜12である。面積延伸倍率比Rが12を越えると、フィルムの膜厚精度が低下するので、工業的な生産を考えるとあまり好ましくない。
以上の本発明の多孔性フィルムを電池用セパレーターとして使用する場合は、公知のセパレーターと同様に使用することができる。例えば、リチウム二次電池では、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等の非プロトン性電解液、リチウム化合物からなる正極、及び、金属カルコゲン化合物、金属酸化物、共役系高分子化合物等の負極と本発明のセパレーターを組み合わせることで構成される。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下に実施例および比較例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り以下の実施例に限定をされるものではない。なお、実施例における試験方法は次の通りである。
【0020】
1)粘度平均分子量はASTM D4020に準拠。
2)厚さは、テクロック社製膜厚計にて測定(単位はμm)
3)プロピレンカーボネート透過時間(PC透過時間)は以下の方法で測定した。ガラス板に載せたフィルムに高さ20mmから約0.5mlプロピレンカーボネートを滴下する。滴下したプロピレンカーボネートはフィルム上で最初ドーム状に存在する。フィルムの反対側のガラス面からこのプロピレンカーボネート形を見ると円形状である。その円形の部分全体にプロピレンカーボネートが浸透するまでの時間を測定し、これをプロピレンカーボネート浸透時間θとし、5回測定をした平均値を採用した。25μm換算は,PC透過時間を膜厚(単位μm)で割り、25をかけることによって算出した。
4)ピン刺し強度は農林規格1019号に準拠(gf/25μm)。25μm換算は、ピン刺し強度を膜厚(単位μm)で割り,25をかけることによって算出した。
5)空孔率は重量法により測定した(単位は%)
6)透気度は、JIS P8117に準拠(単位は秒/100CC)。
【0021】
実施例1
粘度平均分子量100万のポリエチレン16重量部、粘度平均分子量50万のポリエチエレン8重量部、およびパラフィンワックス(平均分子量389)76重量部の混合物を、40mmφ二軸押出機を用い押出温度170℃、押出量13kg/hで押出し、インフレーション法で原反フィルムを成形した。
原反フィルムを横方向に110℃で4.5倍に延伸した。該フィルムを60℃のイソプロピルアルコールに浸漬させパラフィンワックスを抽出除去した。その後、得られたフィルムを2枚重ね、縦方向に90℃で2.2倍、横方向に129℃で2.1倍に延伸した。このようにして最終的に得られた多孔性フィルムの物性を表−1に示す。
【0022】
実施例2
実施例1と同様の方法で原反フィルムを成形した。原反フィルムを縦方向に40℃で2.7倍、横方向に110℃で8.0倍に二軸延伸した。該フィルムを60℃のイソプロピルアルコールに浸漬させパラフィンワックスを抽出除去した。その後、得られたフィルムを2枚重ね、縦方向に115℃で1.8倍延伸した。このようにして最終的に得られた多孔性フィルムの物性を表−1に示す。
【0024】
比較例1
実施例1と同様の方法で原反フィルムを成形した。原反フィルムを60℃のイソプロピルアルコール中に浸漬して、パラフィンワックスを抽出除去した。得られたフィルムをロール延伸機を用い、90℃の温度で2.3倍に、また、テンターにて127℃の温度で5.4倍に延伸した。このようにして最終的に得られた多孔性フィルムの物性を表−1に示す。
【0025】
比較例2
実施例1と同様の方法で原反フィルムを成形した。原反フィルムを縦方向に0℃で2.7倍、横方向に110℃で8.0倍に二軸延伸した。得られたフィムを60℃のイソプロピルアルコールに浸漬させパラフィンワックスを抽出除した。その後、フィルムを2枚重ね、縦方向に115℃で1.0倍で熱固定し。このようにして最終的に得られた多孔性フィルムの物性を表−1に示す。
【0026】
【表1】
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明の多孔性フィルムは優れた有機溶媒の浸透性を有し、且つ、機械的強度も優れているので、、電池用セパレーター、精密濾過膜、電解コンデンサー隔膜、各種フィルター等の各種用途に応用可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a porous film useful as a separator for batteries, a separation membrane such as a microfiltration membrane, and the like. More specifically, the present invention relates to a porous film having good organic solvent permeation characteristics and strong surface strength, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, porous films have been widely used for various applications, and various proposals have been made regarding methods for producing such porous films. For example, a method of once producing a film by melt extrusion molding from a resin composition containing polyolefin and a plasticizer, and extracting and removing the plasticizer contained in the film with an organic solvent after stretching (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-21177) ), A method of forming a film from the resin composition, and stretching before and after extracting the plasticizer (JP-A-6-240036, JP-A-11-60789) and the like are known.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Improvements in the manufacturing method as described above have improved various physical properties such as air permeability, liquid permeability, and mechanical strength in the porous film, but at the same time, performance requirements have become more sophisticated, so it is still sufficient. Absent. In particular, in applications of separators for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for porous films with improved electrolyte permeability for the purpose of improving battery performance and improving production efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a porous film having excellent organic solvent permeation characteristics and having a good balance with surface strength, particularly suitable for a battery separator.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have determined the stretching conditions before and after the removal of the plasticizer when producing the porous film, so that the balance between the permeability of the organic solvent and the surface strength is achieved. It was found that a porous film having novel physical properties was obtained, and the present invention was completed. That is, the present invention comprises a polyolefin resin having a viscosity average molecular weight of 300,000 or more ,
(A) a thickness of 5 to 100 μm,
(B) Propylene carbonate permeation time is 7 seconds or less in terms of thickness 25 μm,
(C) Pin puncture strength is 400 gf / 25 μm or more ,
It exists in the porous film characterized by these, and its manufacturing method.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail below. The porous film of the present invention is specified by its thickness, propylene carbonate permeation time and pin penetration strength. The thickness of the porous film of the present invention is 5 to 100 μm, preferably 10 to 50 μm. If it is smaller than 5 μm, for example, when used as a battery separator, it becomes difficult to isolate the positive electrode and the negative electrode and prevent short circuit. On the other hand, if it is larger than 100 μm, when used as a battery separator, the volume occupancy of the film inside the positive battery becomes too high and the energy density per unit volume becomes small, which is not preferable.
[0006]
Moreover, the propylene carbonate permeation time (PC permeation time) of the porous film of the present invention is 7 seconds or less, preferably 5 to 1 second in terms of 25 μm. Such PC permeation time is measured under the conditions described in the examples described later. The smaller the value, the higher the permeability of the organic solvent. Furthermore, the pin puncture strength of the porous film of the present invention is 400 gf / 25 μm or more, preferably 500 gf / 25 μm or more. A significant feature of the porous film of the present invention is that it has such a pin puncture strength within the range of the PC transmission time.
[0007]
The other physical properties of the porous film of the present invention do not particularly limit the range, but the porosity is usually 0.30 to 0.95, preferably 0.45 to 0.80, and the peak pore diameter is Usually 0.01 to 0.5 μm. The air permeability is usually 10 to 1000 seconds / 100 cc, preferably 30 to 500 seconds / 100 cc. Furthermore, the tensile strength is usually 400 kg / cm 2 or more, preferably 500 kg / cm 2 or more.
[0008]
In order to obtain the above porous film of the present invention, a resin composition comprising a polyolefin having a viscosity average molecular weight of 300,000 or more and a plasticizer is extruded and stretched into a film, and then the plasticizer is removed and stretched again. It is desirable to employ a method in which the product T of the total draw ratio is 20 or more and the ratio R of the area draw ratio before removing the plasticizer to the area draw ratio after removing the plasticizer is 1 to 12. .
[0009]
As the raw material polyolefin, it is preferable to use a polyolefin resin having a viscosity average molecular weight of 300,000 or more, preferably 500,000 to 2,500,000, particularly a polyethylene resin. When the molecular weight is less than 300,000, it is difficult to obtain sufficient strength for applications that require strength. The viscosity average molecular weight is measured according to ASTM D4020. The polyolefin resin may be of a single type, but the molecular weight after blending of the polyolefin resins may be adjusted to the above range. If necessary, a low molecular weight polyethylene wax having a molecular weight of about 1000 to 5000 may be added up to 50% by weight based on polyethylene.
[0010]
On the other hand, as a plasticizer, a substance that has a melting point lower than the melting point of the polyolefin and a boiling point higher than the melting temperature of the polyolefin in consideration of compatibility with the polyolefin, and is soluble in an organic solvent insoluble in polyolefin Are preferably used. Considering the simplicity of material handling at the time of extrusion molding, a normal temperature solid material is preferably used as the plasticizer. Examples thereof include higher aliphatic alcohols such as stearyl alcohol and seryl alcohol, n-alkanes such as n-decane and n-dodecane, paraffin wax, liquid paraffin, and kerosene. The proportion of the polyolefin and the plasticizer used depends on the difference in the porous structure of the target molded article, but usually the polyolefin is 5 to 60% by weight and the plasticizer is 95 to 40% by weight. The plasticizer is selected from the range of 90 to 50% by weight at 10 to 50% by weight. Moreover, you may add stabilizers, such as antioxidant, to the range to about 5 weight% at maximum.
[0011]
Such a raw material composition is usually melt-extruded by uniformly kneading with a known uniaxial or biaxial extruder. As the extruder, a biaxial extruder is preferably used from the viewpoint of extrusion amount, extrusion stability, and kneading strength. Extrusion molding is usually performed at a temperature of 140 to 300 ° C., and a raw film having a thickness of usually 10 μm to 1 mm is formed by a known method such as T-die or inflation molding.
[0012]
Next, the obtained raw film is uniaxially or biaxially stretched. In this stretching, any known stretching device such as a roll stretching machine or a tenter can be used. With respect to uniaxial stretching, either longitudinal stretching or lateral stretching can be selected. As for biaxial stretching, either sequential biaxial stretching or simultaneous biaxial stretching is possible. As a particularly preferable method, for example, when biaxial stretching is used and the area stretching ratio is 3 to 30 times, and the stretching temperature is in the range of the crystal dispersion temperature of the polyolefin resin to the melting point + 10 ° C., it is produced by removing the plasticizer in the subsequent step. This is desirable because the uniformity of holes to be formed tends to increase.
[0013]
In addition, a method in which two or more films are overlapped during stretching before and after removing the plasticizer is also possible. Specifically, about 2 to 4 sheets are preferable, and it is not preferable because the handling of the film becomes complicated if the films are further stacked. By superimposing a plurality of films, it is possible to avoid the fact that conventionally, sufficient stretching could not be performed due to mechanical limitations. In addition, when the plasticizer is extracted, it is possible to efficiently remove the plasticizer.
Next, the stretched film is cooled and then made porous by removing the plasticizer. As a method for removing the plasticizer, for example, a so-called known organic solvent extraction method in which the plasticizer in the film is dissolved in an organic solvent such as isopropanol, ethanol, hexane, and the like is extracted and removed by solvent replacement.
[0014]
Uniaxial or biaxial stretching is again performed on the film obtained by removing the plasticizer as described above and making the film porous. Thereby, in addition to imparting thermal dimensional stability, it is possible to adjust the pore diameter and the porosity to a large range, so that the immersion property can be further enhanced. As a stretching method, not only the above-described active stretching in the machine direction and the transverse direction, but also so-called passive stretching, which constrains the flow direction and the width direction and inhibits the heat shrinkage of the film to give a stretching effect. It can also be used. In order not to impair the physical properties of the final porous film and to maintain the handleability of the film, the stretching temperature is preferably a melting point of the polyolefin resin of −10 ° C. or higher and a melting point or lower, and a preferable area magnification is Usually, a value of 1.5 to 10 times is appropriate. When the area ratio of the stretching exceeds 10 times, desired permeability may not be obtained.
[0015]
The porous film of the present invention is produced by the above-described process, and further specifies the interrelation between stretching conditions before and after removing the plasticizer, specifically, includes all stretching before and after removing the plasticizer. It is important that the product T of the total stretch ratio and the ratio R of the area stretch ratio before removing the plasticizer to the area stretch ratio after removing the plasticizer be within a specific range.
The product T of the total draw ratio is expressed by the following formula.
[0016]
[Expression 1]
T = (λPMD × λPTD) × (λAMD × λATD)
In the above formula, λPMD, λPTD, λAMD, and λATD represent the following.
λPMD: longitudinal stretch ratio before removal of plasticizer λPTD: transverse stretch ratio before removal of plasticizer λAMD: longitudinal stretch ratio after removal of plasticizer λATD: transverse stretch ratio after removal of plasticizer The draw ratio T is usually 20 or more, preferably 30 to 200. If it is less than 20, sufficient mechanical strength is difficult to obtain, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but mechanical constraints are larger than the physical properties of the film.
[0017]
Further, the ratio R of the area stretch ratio before removing the plasticizer to the area stretch ratio after removing the plasticizer is represented by the following formula.
[Expression 2]
R = (λPMD × λPTD) / (λAMD × λATD)
In the above formula, λPMD, λPTD, λAMD, and λATD represent the following.
λPMD: longitudinal stretch ratio before removing plasticizer λPTD: transverse stretch ratio before removing plasticizer λAMD: longitudinal stretch ratio after removing plasticizer λATD: transverse stretch ratio after removing plasticizer ]
The area stretch ratio R is usually 1 to 12, preferably 2 to 12. If the area stretch ratio R exceeds 12, the film thickness accuracy of the film is lowered, which is not preferable in view of industrial production.
When the above porous film of the present invention is used as a battery separator, it can be used in the same manner as a known separator. For example, in a lithium secondary battery, an aprotic electrolyte such as propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, a positive electrode made of a lithium compound, and a negative electrode such as a metal chalcogen compound, metal oxide, conjugated polymer compound, and the present invention It is configured by combining the separators.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as the gist thereof is not exceeded. In addition, the test method in an Example is as follows.
[0020]
1) Viscosity average molecular weight is based on ASTM D4020.
2) Thickness measured with a thickness meter manufactured by Teclock (unit: μm)
3) Propylene carbonate permeation time (PC permeation time) was measured by the following method. About 0.5 ml of propylene carbonate is dropped from a height of 20 mm onto a film placed on a glass plate. The dripped propylene carbonate initially exists in a dome shape on the film. When this propylene carbonate form is seen from the glass surface on the opposite side of the film, it is circular. The time until propylene carbonate permeated into the entire circular portion was measured, and this was defined as propylene carbonate permeation time θ, and an average value measured five times was adopted. The 25 μm conversion was calculated by dividing the PC transmission time by the film thickness (unit: μm) and multiplying by 25.
4) The pin stab strength conforms to Agricultural Standard 1019 (gf / 25 μm). The 25 μm conversion was calculated by dividing the pin puncture strength by the film thickness (unit: μm) and multiplying by 25.
5) Porosity was measured by gravimetric method (unit:%)
6) Air permeability conforms to JIS P8117 (unit: seconds / 100CC).
[0021]
Example 1
A mixture of 16 parts by weight of polyethylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of 1,000,000, 8 parts by weight of polyethylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of 500,000 and 76 parts by weight of paraffin wax (average molecular weight 389) was extruded at a temperature of 170 ° C. using a 40 mmφ twin screw extruder. Extrusion was performed at an extrusion rate of 13 kg / h, and a raw film was formed by an inflation method.
The raw film was stretched 4.5 times at 110 ° C. in the transverse direction. The film was immersed in isopropyl alcohol at 60 ° C. to extract and remove paraffin wax. Then, two films obtained were stacked and stretched 2.2 times at 90 ° C. in the longitudinal direction and 2.1 times at 129 ° C. in the transverse direction. The physical properties of the porous film finally obtained in this way are shown in Table 1.
[0022]
Example 2
A raw film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1. The original film was biaxially stretched 2.7 times at 40 ° C. in the machine direction and 8.0 times at 110 ° C. in the transverse direction. The film was immersed in isopropyl alcohol at 60 ° C. to extract and remove paraffin wax. Thereafter, the obtained two films were stacked and stretched 1.8 times at 115 ° C. in the longitudinal direction. The physical properties of the porous film finally obtained in this way are shown in Table 1.
[0024]
Comparative Example 1
A raw film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1. The original film was immersed in isopropyl alcohol at 60 ° C. to extract and remove the paraffin wax. The obtained film was stretched 2.3 times at a temperature of 90 ° C. using a roll stretching machine and 5.4 times at a temperature of 127 ° C. using a tenter. The physical properties of the porous film finally obtained in this way are shown in Table 1.
[0025]
Comparative Example 2
A raw film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1. The original film was biaxially stretched 2.7 times at 0 ° C. in the machine direction and 8.0 times at 110 ° C. in the transverse direction. The obtained fimm was immersed in isopropyl alcohol at 60 ° C. to extract and remove paraffin wax. After that, two films were stacked and heat fixed at 115 ° C. in the vertical direction at 1.0 times. The physical properties of the porous film finally obtained in this way are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
[Table 1]
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the porous film of the present invention has excellent organic solvent permeability and excellent mechanical strength. Therefore, battery separators, microfiltration membranes, electrolytic capacitor diaphragms, various filters It is applicable to various uses such as.
Claims (4)
(a)厚さが5〜100μm、
(b)プロピレンカーボネート透過時間が厚さ25μm換算で7秒以下、
(c)ピン刺し強度が400gf/25μm以上、
であることを特徴とする多孔性フィルム。 It consists of a polyolefin resin with a viscosity average molecular weight of 300,000 or more ,
(A) a thickness of 5 to 100 μm,
(B) Propylene carbonate permeation time is 7 seconds or less in terms of thickness 25 μm,
(C) Pin puncture strength is 400 gf / 25 μm or more ,
A porous film characterized in that
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