JP3968439B2 - Electric double layer capacitor - Google Patents
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- JP3968439B2 JP3968439B2 JP2003368356A JP2003368356A JP3968439B2 JP 3968439 B2 JP3968439 B2 JP 3968439B2 JP 2003368356 A JP2003368356 A JP 2003368356A JP 2003368356 A JP2003368356 A JP 2003368356A JP 3968439 B2 JP3968439 B2 JP 3968439B2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、蓄電量の大きな電気二重層キャパシタに関する。 The present invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor having a large charged amount.
電気二重層キャパシタは、電極と電解液との界面に形成される電気二重層を利用して蓄電するため、化学反応を利用して蓄電する２次電池に較べて、急速な充放電に耐えることができる。このため電気二重層キャパシタは、例えば、燃料電池自動車やハイブリッド自動車の蓄電システム、特に減速時に散逸させるエネルギーを回収する回生エネルギー蓄電システムに必要不可欠となっている。 Electric double layer capacitors store electricity using the electric double layer formed at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, so they can withstand rapid charge and discharge compared to secondary batteries that store using chemical reactions. Can do. For this reason, the electric double layer capacitor is indispensable for, for example, a power storage system of a fuel cell vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, particularly a regenerative energy storage system that recovers energy dissipated during deceleration.
ところで、電気二重層キャパシタの蓄電容量は電極面積によって制限されるため、２次電池に較べて蓄電容量密度が小さいことが難点であり、電気二重層キャパシタの蓄電容量密度をさらに向上することが、必要不可欠である。 By the way, since the storage capacity of the electric double layer capacitor is limited by the electrode area, it is difficult that the storage capacity density is lower than that of the secondary battery, and the storage capacity density of the electric double layer capacitor can be further improved. Indispensable.
電気二重層キャパシタは、電気二重層が形成される電極、すなわち分極性電極と、電解液と、電解液のイオンのみを通過させるセパレータと、分極性電極の電荷を集電して取り出す集電極を有しており、背面に集電極を有する一対の分極性電極をセパレータを挟んで対向させた構造体に電解液を封入したセルから成る。 An electric double layer capacitor includes an electrode on which an electric double layer is formed, that is, a polarizable electrode, an electrolyte, a separator that allows only ions of the electrolyte to pass through, and a collector electrode that collects and extracts charges from the polarizable electrode. And a cell in which an electrolyte solution is sealed in a structure in which a pair of polarizable electrodes each having a collector electrode on the back face are opposed to each other with a separator interposed therebetween.
従来の分極性電極には活性炭がもっぱら用いられている。活性炭は、炭素を成分とする原料を炭化して整粒し、さらに賦活して製造される。活性炭は、極めて多くの細孔を有するグラファイト層からなり、これらの細孔の表面が電気二重層を形成するために、単位質量あたりに蓄積できる電気量が現在知られている材料の中で最も大きい。活性炭の比表面積は３０００ｍ2 ／ｇにも達し、静電容量で表した蓄電能力は、２０００〜３０００ｍ2 ／ｇの比表面積において、２．５〜３．５μＦ／ｃｍ2 である（非特許文献１参照）。 Activated carbon is exclusively used for conventional polarizable electrodes. Activated carbon is produced by carbonizing a raw material containing carbon as a component, sizing and further activating. Activated carbon is composed of a graphite layer having an extremely large number of pores, and since the surface of these pores forms an electric double layer, the amount of electricity that can be accumulated per unit mass is the most known material. large. The specific surface area of the activated carbon reaches to 3000 m 2 / g, the power storage capacity, expressed in capacitance, the specific surface area of 2000~3000m 2 / g, a 2.5~3.5μF / cm 2 (non-patent literature 1).
しかしながら、電気二重層キャパシタの蓄電量は、２次電池の蓄電量と較べていまだ小さく、電気二重層キャパシタの蓄電量増大が求められている。
本発明は上記課題に鑑み、従来の電気二重層キャパシタの蓄電能力に較べて大きな蓄電能力を有する電気二重層キャパシタを提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an electric double layer capacitor having a larger storage capacity than that of a conventional electric double layer capacitor.
上記目的を解決するために、本発明の第一の電気二重層キャパシタは、分極性電極と電解液を用いる電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、分極性電極が、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維から成り、グラファイト繊維は、直径が数〜数百ｎｍのコイン型の単層グラファイトが積層された炭素繊維であり、コイン型単層グラファイトの間隔が０．３〜１ｎｍであることを特徴とする。この構成の電気二重層キャパシタによれば、活性炭を分極性電極とし
た場合に較べて、単位面積あたり静電容量が大きい電気二重層キャパシタが得られる。
In order to achieve the above object, a first electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, in the electric double layer capacitor using the polarizable electrode and the electrolytic solution, a polarizable electrode, Ri consists coin stacked graphite fibers, graphite fibers is a carbon fiber monolayer graphite are stacked coin of several to several hundred nm in diameter, spacing of the coin-type single-layer graphite is characterized 0.3~1nm der Rukoto. According to the electric double layer capacitor having this configuration, an electric double layer capacitor having a large capacitance per unit area can be obtained as compared with the case where activated carbon is used as a polarizable electrode.
この現象は以下のように考えられる。 This phenomenon is considered as follows.
コイン積層型グラファイト繊維は、本発明者らによって発明された炭素繊維であり（特許文献１参照）、図１及び図２にその構造を示す。図１はコイン積層型グラファイト繊維の透過電子顕微鏡写真（ＴＥＭ）であり、図２はコイン積層型グラファイト繊維の構造を示す模式図である。図１，２に示すように、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維は、直径が数〜数百ｎｍのコイン型の単層グラファイトが積層された炭素繊維であり、コイン型単層グラファイトの間隔は０．３〜１ｎｍである。比表面積は、コイン型単層グラファイトの間隔が０．３〜１ｎｍと狭いために分子が単層グラファイトの間には侵入できないことから、活性炭と較べると小さい。 The coin laminated graphite fiber is a carbon fiber invented by the present inventors (see Patent Document 1), and its structure is shown in FIGS. FIG. 1 is a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a coin laminated graphite fiber, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the coin laminated graphite fiber. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the coin laminated graphite fiber is a carbon fiber in which coin type single layer graphite having a diameter of several to several hundreds of nanometers is laminated, and the interval between the coin type single layer graphite is 0.3. ~ 1 nm. The specific surface area is smaller than that of activated carbon because the interval between coin-type single-layer graphites is as narrow as 0.3 to 1 nm and molecules cannot penetrate between the single-layer graphites.
一方、単層グラファイト層の端、すなわち、グラファイト・エッジは、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維の側面がコイン型単層グラファイトの円周で構成され、且つこの円周が０．３〜１ｎｍと極めて狭い間隔で積層されていることから、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維のグラファイト・エッジ面積は活性炭のグラファイト・エッジ面積よりも大きい。グラファイト面よりもグラファイト・エッジで電気二重層が形成され易いために、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維を分極性電極として用いれば、活性炭を分極性電極とした場合に較べて、単位面積あたり静電容量を高めることができ、従って従来に較べて、蓄電量の大きな電気二重層キャパシタを得ることができる。 On the other hand, the edge of the single-layer graphite layer, that is, the graphite edge, is composed of a coin-laminated graphite fiber side surface with the circumference of the coin-type single-layer graphite, and this circumference is very narrow as 0.3 to 1 nm. Therefore, the graphite edge area of the coin laminated graphite fiber is larger than the graphite edge area of the activated carbon. Since an electric double layer is more easily formed at the graphite edge than at the graphite surface, the capacitance per unit area can be increased by using a coin-laminated graphite fiber as a polarizable electrode compared to when activated carbon is used as a polarizable electrode. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an electric double layer capacitor having a large amount of stored electricity compared to the conventional case.
本発明の第二の構成による電気二重層キャパシタは、分極性電極と電解液を用いる電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、分極性電極が、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維と開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブ（特許文献２参照）とから成り、グラファイト繊維は、直径が数〜数百ｎｍのコイン型の単層グラファイトが積層された炭素繊維であり、コイン型単層グラファイトの間隔が０．３〜１ｎｍであることを特徴とする。さらに好ましくは、開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブは、多層カーボンナノチューブである。
The electric double layer capacitor according to the second configuration of the present invention is an electric double layer capacitor using a polarizable electrode and an electrolytic solution, wherein the polarizable electrode is a carbon nanotube having a coin laminated graphite fiber and an open end (see Patent Document 2). ) consists and is, graphite fibers are carbon fibers monolayer graphite are stacked coin of several to several hundred nm in diameter, spacing 0.3~1nm der Rukoto coin monolayer graphite It is characterized by. More preferably, the carbon nanotube having an open end is a multi-walled carbon nanotube.
この構成の電気二重層キャパシタによれば、活性炭を分極性電極とした場合に較べて、上記コイン積層型グラファイト繊維と、開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブの効果によって、活性炭を分極性電極とした場合に較べて、単位面積あたり静電容量が大きい電気二重層キャパシタが得られる。
According to the electric double layer capacitor of this configuration, compared to the case where activated carbon is a polarizable electrode , the activated carbon is a polarizable electrode due to the effect of the coin laminated graphite fiber and the carbon nanotube having an open end. In comparison, an electric double layer capacitor having a large capacitance per unit area can be obtained.
この開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブの効果は以下のように考えられる。カーボンナノチューブは、単層グラファイト層からなる円筒状の繊維であるが、カーボンナノチューブの先端が開口したものと、先端が単層グラファイトでシームレスに密閉されたものとがある。また、円筒軸を共通にした直径の異なる複数のカーボンナノチューブからなる多層カーボンナノチューブがある。電気二重層は、グラファイト面よりもグラファイト・エッジで形成され易いため、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維と、先端が開口したカーボンナノチューブを分極性電極とすれば、単位面積あたり静電容量を高めることができ、従って従来に較べて、蓄電量の大きな電気二重層キャパシタを得ることができる。さらには、先端が開口した多層カーボンナノチューブを用いれば、さらに単位面積あたりの静電容量を高めることができる。
The effect of the carbon nanotube having the open end is considered as follows. The carbon nanotube is a cylindrical fiber composed of a single-layer graphite layer, and there are a carbon nanotube having an opening at the tip of the carbon nanotube and a carbon nanotube having the tip seamlessly sealed with single-layer graphite. In addition, there is a multi-walled carbon nanotube composed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes having different diameters with a common cylindrical axis. Since the electric double layer is more easily formed with a graphite edge than the graphite surface, the capacitance per unit area can be increased if coin-stacked graphite fibers and carbon nanotubes with open ends are used as polarizable electrodes. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an electric double layer capacitor having a large amount of stored electricity as compared with the conventional case. Furthermore, if a multi-walled carbon nanotube with an open end is used, the capacitance per unit area can be further increased.
上記構成において、好ましくは、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維の単層グラファイト層
の端に、電気二重層が形成される。この電気二重層キャパシタの単位面積当りの放電容量は、分極層電極を活性炭とする場合に比較して、１．６倍である。この構成の電気二重層キャパシタによれば、上記コイン積層型グラファイト繊維の効果によって、活性炭を分極性電極とした場合に較べて、単位面積あたり静電容量が大きい電気二重層キャパシタが得られる。
In the above configuration, preferably, a single layer graphite layer of coin laminated graphite fiber
An electric double layer is formed at the end of the substrate. The discharge capacity per unit area of this electric double layer capacitor is 1.6 times that in the case where the polarization layer electrode is activated carbon. According to this arrangement of the electric double layer capacitor, the effect of the coin stacked graphite textiles, as compared with the case where the activated carbon polarizable electrode, the electrostatic capacitance per unit area is an electric double layer capacitor is large is obtained.
本発明の電気二重層キャパシタによれば、単位面積当たりの静電容量を増大させた電気二重層キャパシタが得られる。従って、同一静電容量であれば、従来の電気二重層キャパシタに比較して小型の電気二重層キャパシタが得られる。 According to the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, an electric double layer capacitor having an increased capacitance per unit area can be obtained. Therefore, if the capacitance is the same, a small electric double layer capacitor can be obtained as compared with the conventional electric double layer capacitor.
以下、図面に基づいて本発明の電気二重層キャパシタの実施の形態を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
初めに、本発明の第一の電気二重層キャパシタの分極性電極に用いるコイン積層型グラファイト繊維（特許文献２参照）の製造方法について説明する。 First, a method for producing a coin laminated graphite fiber (see Patent Document 2) used for the polarizable electrode of the first electric double layer capacitor of the present invention will be described.
コイン積層型グラファイト繊維は、例えば以下の方法によって製造することができる。粒径が数〜数百ｎｍのダイヤモンドを担体として、パラジウム又はロジウムを触媒金属として担持した触媒の下で、炭化水素を分解することによって製造できる。ダイヤモンドは市販の人工ダイヤモンドで良く、また、触媒金属を担持する前に、ダイヤモンド表面を酸化することが望ましい。炭化水素は、炭素数が１〜３０の炭化水素であれば良く、メタン、エタン、プロパンなどの飽和炭化水素の他、エチレン、プロピレン、アセチレンなどの不飽和炭化水素でも良い。 The coin laminated graphite fiber can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. It can be produced by decomposing hydrocarbons under a catalyst in which diamond having a particle size of several to several hundred nm is supported as a carrier and palladium or rhodium is supported as a catalyst metal. The diamond may be a commercially available diamond, and it is desirable to oxidize the diamond surface before supporting the catalytic metal. The hydrocarbon may be a hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and may be an unsaturated hydrocarbon such as ethylene, propylene, and acetylene in addition to a saturated hydrocarbon such as methane, ethane, and propane.
パラジウムを触媒金属とし、炭化水素としてメタンを用いた場合には、触媒を約６００℃に保ち、メタンガス流量を約２０ｍｌ／分とし、約６０分の反応時間で得られる。 When palladium is the catalyst metal and methane is used as the hydrocarbon, the catalyst is kept at about 600 ° C., the methane gas flow rate is about 20 ml / min, and the reaction time is about 60 minutes.
図３は、上記方法で製造したコイン積層グラファイト繊維の集合を真上より撮影した走査型電子顕微鏡写真（ＳＥＭ）であり、図４は、コイン積層グラファイト繊維の形状を示すＴＥＭ像である。なお、図１に示したＴＥＭ像は、この繊維をさらに拡大して撮影したＴＥＭ像である。 FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) in which a set of coin-laminated graphite fibers manufactured by the above method is photographed from directly above, and FIG. 4 is a TEM image showing the shape of the coin-laminated graphite fibers. The TEM image shown in FIG. 1 is a TEM image obtained by further enlarging this fiber.
次に、本発明の第二の電気二重層キャパシタの分極性電極に用いる開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブの製造方法（特許文献３参照）について説明する。 Next, a method for producing a carbon nanotube having an open end used for the polarizable electrode of the second electric double layer capacitor of the present invention (see Patent Document 3) will be described.
開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブは、例えば、以下の方法によって製造することができる。粒径が１〜１０ｎｍのダイヤモンドを担体として、ニッケル、コバルト、又は鉄を触媒金属として担持した触媒の下で、炭化水素を分解することによって製造できる。ダイヤモンドは市販の人工ダイヤモンドで良く、また、触媒金属を担持する前に、ダイヤモンド表面を酸化することが望ましい。炭化水素は、炭素数が１〜３０の炭化水素であれば良く、メタン、エタン、プロパンなどの飽和炭化水素の他、エチレン、プロピレン、アセチレンなどの不飽和炭化水素でも良い。 A carbon nanotube having an open end can be produced, for example, by the following method. It can be produced by decomposing hydrocarbons under a catalyst in which nickel having a particle size of 1 to 10 nm is supported as a carrier and nickel, cobalt, or iron is supported as a catalytic metal. The diamond may be a commercially available diamond, and it is desirable to oxidize the diamond surface before supporting the catalytic metal. The hydrocarbon may be a hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and may be an unsaturated hydrocarbon such as ethylene, propylene, and acetylene in addition to a saturated hydrocarbon such as methane, ethane, and propane.
ニッケルを触媒金属とし、炭化水素としてメタンを用いた場合には、触媒を約６００℃に保ち、メタンガス流量を約２０ｍｌ／分とし、約６０分の反応時間で得られる。 When nickel is the catalyst metal and methane is used as the hydrocarbon, the catalyst is kept at about 600 ° C., the methane gas flow rate is about 20 ml / min, and the reaction time is about 60 minutes.
図５は、このようにして製造した開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブの構造を示す図であり、カーボンナノチューブの一端が開口しており、他端は触媒として用いたダイヤモンド粒が強固に付着している。粒径が１０〜１５ｎｍのダイヤモンドを担体とすると、図６に示すように、それぞれのカーボンナノチューブが開口端を有する二層カーボンナノチューブが得られる。 FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure of a carbon nanotube having an open end manufactured in this manner, one end of the carbon nanotube being open, and the other end having diamond particles used as a catalyst firmly adhered thereto. . When diamond having a particle diameter of 10 to 15 nm is used as a carrier, double-walled carbon nanotubes each having an open end are obtained as shown in FIG.
粒径が１５〜１００ｎｍのダイヤモンドを担体とすると、図７に示すように、それぞれのカーボンナノチューブが開口端を有する三層カーボンナノチューブが得られる。 When diamond having a particle diameter of 15 to 100 nm is used as a carrier, three-walled carbon nanotubes each having an open end are obtained as shown in FIG.
次に、本発明の実施例を説明する。 Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
この実施例は、上記のコイン積層型グラファイト繊維、上記の開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブ、及び従来の活性炭を分極性電極の材料とし、同一の構成の電気二重層キャパシタをそれぞれ作製して単位面積あたりの静電容量を比較したものである。 In this example, the coin laminated graphite fiber, the carbon nanotube having the open end, and the conventional activated carbon are used as the polarizable electrode materials, and electric double layer capacitors having the same configuration are respectively produced to obtain a unit area. The electrostatic capacities of are compared.
次に電気二重層キャパシタの作製方法を説明する。 Next, a method for manufacturing the electric double layer capacitor will be described.
バインダーとしてテフロン樹脂を用いた。テフロン樹脂と分極性材料とエタノールとを所定の比率で混合し、乳鉢で良く混練してスラリーを作製し、このスラリーを鋳型に入れて１１０℃、２時間の真空乾燥によって板状に成型した。この板から１ｃｍ×１ｃｍの大きさで切り出したものを分極性電極とした。 Teflon resin was used as a binder. Teflon resin, polarizable material and ethanol were mixed at a predetermined ratio and kneaded well in a mortar to prepare a slurry. The slurry was put in a mold and molded into a plate shape by vacuum drying at 110 ° C. for 2 hours. What was cut out from this plate with a size of 1 cm × 1 cm was used as a polarizable electrode.
ポリプロピレン不織布をセパレータとして、上記２枚の分極性電極を対向させ、電解液として１モル％濃度のＨ2 ＳＯ4 水溶液を用い、真空中で１時間放置して、分極性電極に電解液を含浸させた。なお、集電極と分極性電極は接着剤を用いずに、圧着によって接触させた。 Using the polypropylene non-woven fabric as a separator, the two polarizable electrodes were opposed to each other, and a 1 mol% concentration H2 SO4 aqueous solution was used as an electrolytic solution, which was allowed to stand in a vacuum for 1 hour to impregnate the polarizable electrode with the electrolytic solution. . The collector electrode and the polarizable electrode were brought into contact with each other without using an adhesive.
静電容量の測定は、充電電流密度１．０ｍＡ／ｃｍ2 で１ｖｏｌｔまで充電し、その後、放電電流密度０．１〜１．０ｍＡ／ｃｍ2 の範囲の種々の一定電流密度で放電させ、放電電流を放電時間で積分して全放電電荷量を求め、全放電電荷量と充電電圧とから静電容量を求めた。 Measurement of the capacitance is charged at a charging current density of 1.0 mA / cm 2 to 1 Volt, then discharged at various constant current density in the range of discharge current density 0.1~1.0mA / cm 2, discharge The total discharge charge amount was obtained by integrating the current with the discharge time, and the capacitance was obtained from the total discharge charge amount and the charge voltage.
図８は、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維、開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブ、及び従来の活性炭を分極性電極材料とする電気二重層キャパシタの単位面積あたりの放電容量の比較を示す図である。図には測定した比表面積も示している。比表面積は、冷却した試料にＮ2 ガスを流して吸着させ、吸着平衡圧から表面積を求めるＢＥＴ法（非特許文献２参照）を用いた。 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a comparison of discharge capacities per unit area of an electric double layer capacitor using a coin laminated graphite fiber, a carbon nanotube having an open end, and a conventional activated carbon as a polarizable electrode material. The figure also shows the measured specific surface area. For the specific surface area, a BET method (see Non-Patent Document 2) was used in which N2 gas was allowed to flow and adsorb on a cooled sample and the surface area was determined from the adsorption equilibrium pressure.
図から、本発明のコイン積層型グラファイト繊維を分極性電極とした場合には、活性炭を分極性電極とする場合に較べ、単位面積あたりの放電容量は約１．６倍大きいことがわかる。また、開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブを分極性電極とした場合には、活性炭を分極性電極とした場合に較べ、単位面積あたりの放電容量は約１．１倍大きいことがわかる。 From the figure, it can be seen that when the coin laminated graphite fiber of the present invention is used as a polarizable electrode, the discharge capacity per unit area is about 1.6 times larger than when the activated carbon is used as a polarizable electrode. In addition, when the carbon nanotube having an open end is used as a polarizable electrode, the discharge capacity per unit area is about 1.1 times larger than when the activated carbon is used as a polarizable electrode.
さらに、コイン積層型グラファイト繊維、及び開口端を有するカーボンナノチューブの分極性電極の比表面積は、活性炭の分極性電極の比表面積に較べて、約３％及び５％にすぎないことから、電気二重層は、分極性電極のグラファイト面よりもグラファイト・エッジで形成され易いと推定できる。 Furthermore, the specific surface area of the polarizable electrode of carbon nanotubes having coin-laminated graphite fibers and open ends is only about 3% and 5% compared to the specific surface area of the polarizable electrode of activated carbon. It can be presumed that the multilayer is more easily formed at the graphite edge than at the graphite surface of the polarizable electrode.
Claims (5)
上記グラファイト繊維は、直径が数〜数百ｎｍのコイン型の単層グラファイトが積層された炭素繊維であり、該コイン型単層グラファイトの間隔が０．３〜１ｎｍであることを特徴とする、電気二重層キャパシタ。 In the electric double layer capacitor using the polarizable electrode and the electrolytic solution, a polarizable electrode, Ri consists coin stacked graphite fibers,
The graphite fibers are carbon fibers monolayer graphite are stacked coin of several to several hundred nm in diameter, spacing of the coin-type single-layer graphite is characterized 0.3~1nm der Rukoto Electric double layer capacitor.
上記グラファイト繊維は、直径が数〜数百ｎｍのコイン型の単層グラファイトが積層された炭素繊維であり、該コイン型単層グラファイトの間隔が０．３〜１ｎｍであることを特徴とする、電気二重層キャパシタ。 In the electric double layer capacitor using the polarizable electrode and the electrolytic solution, a polarizable electrode, Ri consists carbon nanotubes having a coin stacked graphite fiber and an open end,
The graphite fibers are carbon fibers monolayer graphite are stacked coin of several to several hundred nm in diameter, spacing of the coin-type single-layer graphite is characterized 0.3~1nm der Rukoto Electric double layer capacitor.
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