JP3970101B2 - Emulsion for foam material and emulsion composition for foam material - Google Patents
Emulsion for foam material and emulsion composition for foam material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3970101B2 JP3970101B2 JP2002172617A JP2002172617A JP3970101B2 JP 3970101 B2 JP3970101 B2 JP 3970101B2 JP 2002172617 A JP2002172617 A JP 2002172617A JP 2002172617 A JP2002172617 A JP 2002172617A JP 3970101 B2 JP3970101 B2 JP 3970101B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- vinyl acetate
- mass
- foaming
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 89
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-difluorocyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound FC1(F)CCC(=O)CC1 NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1C(N)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2 RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- NBOCQTNZUPTTEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(hydrazinesulfonyl)phenoxy]benzenesulfonohydrazide Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)NN)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NN)C=C1 NBOCQTNZUPTTEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 18
- -1 thiourea dioxide derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 101100389815 Caenorhabditis elegans eva-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- WBZPMFHFKXZDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 6,6-dimethylheptanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCC(=O)OC=C WBZPMFHFKXZDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000008842 sick building syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(OOC(C)(C)C)(OOC(C)(C)C)C1 NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAJICSGLHKRDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dicyclohexylthiourea Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC(=S)NC1CCCCC1 KAJICSGLHKRDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBEQGKBRBCXPBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenyl-2-sulfanylidene-7,9-dihydropurine-6,8-dione Chemical compound S=C1N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C=2NC(=O)NC=2N1C1=CC=CC=C1 RBEQGKBRBCXPBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGZZAZYCLRYTNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethoxycarbonyloxy 2-ethoxyethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCOCC VGZZAZYCLRYTNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(O)=O YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAOISIQFPPAFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7:0(6Me,6Me) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCC(O)=O AAOISIQFPPAFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021506 iron(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentazinc;dicarbonate;hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004978 peroxycarbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007717 redox polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XFLNVMPCPRLYBE-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O XFLNVMPCPRLYBE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NEUOBESLMIKJSB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;tetraacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O NEUOBESLMIKJSB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、発泡材料用エマルジョン、発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物、及びその発泡体に関し、更に詳しくは熱分解型や熱膨張型の発泡剤で発泡させる接着剤、塗料、バインダー、バッキング材等の発泡材料に好適に使用出来るエマルジョン組成物等に関するものであり、中でも室内装飾材や壁紙に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から合成樹脂エマルジョンを用いた発泡材料は壁紙等に用いられている。
例えば、特開昭56−103230、特開昭56−103229にはエチレン/塩化ビニル/ビニルエステルの共重合体エマルジョンを用いた発泡体用エマルジョン組成物が記載されている。また、特開昭58−4879には表面層にエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体のエマルジョンと水酸化アルミニウムを用い、発泡した層を有する壁紙について記載されている。
他にも合成樹脂エマルジョンを用いた発泡材料に関しては特開平1−156378、特開平4−126240、特開平7−80979、特開平7−188502、特開平9−174788、特開平10−157046、特開平10−157044、特開平12−44720に記載されている。
【0003】
中でも、壁紙用途については従来塩化ビニルを主成分、或いは共重合した樹脂が使用されてきたが、焼却処分時に有害な塩素ガスやダイオキシン類が発生するため、地球環境及び作業環境の観点から問題視されており、非塩ビ化の要望が強い。この非塩ビ化について市場ではエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体系エマルジョンが使用され始めているが、製造の際に一般的に用いられている還元剤であるソジウムホルムアルデヒドスルホキシレート(SFS)からシックハウス症候群の主原因とされるホルムアルデヒドが発生し、衛生面で好ましくないという難点があった。また、SFS代替物質として知られている、L−アスコルビン酸やグリオキサール・亜硫酸塩ではエマルジョンが着色(変色)する問題があった。更に難燃性を付与するために添加される無機充填剤との混和安定性も悪く、作業性や収率といった経済性が劣るという欠点もあった。さらに、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体系エマルジョンはもともと塩ビシートの接着剤に使用される程接着性が良いため、室内にあるソファーや電気コード等の塩ビ製品とブロッキング(融着)するという問題もある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本願は前述の問題を解決するものであり、非塩ビ化とホルムアルデヒド含有量やエマルジョンの着色が極めて少ない上に、無機充填剤との混和安定性に優れ、且つ室内に於ける塩ビ製品との耐ブロッキング性や発泡性に優れる発泡材料用エマルジョン、発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物、及びその発泡体を提供するものである。
【0005】
【問題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明は、(A)エチレン3〜23質量%、酢酸ビニルとその他共重合可能な単量体混合物が97〜77質量%となるような共重合反応に於いて、ホルムアミジンスルフィン酸、二酸化チオ尿素及びこれら誘導体から選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の化合物を還元剤として用いて重合したエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体系エマルジョンの不揮発分100質量部当たり、(B)1〜20質量部の酢酸ビニルモノマー、またはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上であるモノマーの1種類以上を混合し、ホルムアミジンスルフィン酸、二酸化チオ尿素及びこれら誘導体から選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の化合物を還元剤として重合することを特徴とする合成樹脂エマルジョンであり、ホルムアルデヒド含有量やエマルジョンの着色が極めて少なく、且つ無機充填剤との混和安定性に優れることを見出したものである。さらにトルエン不溶分が30質量%以下であることを特徴とする環境に優しい発泡材料用エマルジョンである。また、該発泡材料用エマルジョン、発泡剤、及び無機充填剤を含有してなる発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物であり、該発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物からなる発泡体、及び壁紙である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の発泡材料用エマルジョンは、一段目の(A)エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体系エマルジョン(以下、「EVA系エマルジョン」と称す)と二段目の(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーまたはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上であるモノマーの重合触媒として使用される還元剤が、ホルムアミジンスルフィン酸、二酸化チオ尿素、及びこれら誘導体から選ばれた1種以上の化合物である。また、トルエン不溶分は30質量%以下であることが好ましい。このエマルジョンにさらに発泡剤、無機充填剤を含有することにより、発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物、その発泡体、及び壁紙が得られる。
【0007】
本発明の一段目の(A)EVA系エマルジョンと二段目の(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーまたはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上であるモノマーの重合触媒用還元剤は、ホルムアミジンスルフィン酸、二酸化チオ尿素、及びこれら誘導体から選ばれた1種以上の化合物である。この使用量は特に制限されるものではないが、(A)EVA系エマルジョンを重合する場合、反応させる全単量体100質量部に対して0.01〜1.0質量部、好ましくは0.08〜0.5質量部である。(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーまたはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上であるモノマーを重合する場合、反応させる全単量体100質量部に対して0.01〜2.0質量部、好ましくは0.1〜1.0質量部である。
これら還元剤の添加量がこの範囲より少ないと、重合途中に還元剤が枯渇し残存単量体が増える傾向があり、この範囲より多いと重合性は良好であるが無駄に添加することになり経済性の点で好ましくない。また使用方法としては、酸化剤を添加する前に重合系内に添加しておいても良いし、酸化剤と共に重合系内に添加しても良い。
また酸化還元反応、通称レドックス重合を円滑に進めるため、鉄、銅、コバルト、ニッケル、クロム、亜鉛、マンガン、バナジウム、モリブデン、セリウム等の硫酸塩等の水溶性金属化合物や、ピロリン酸ナトリウム、エチレンジアミン四酢酸ナトリウム塩等のキレート形成化合物を併用することが望ましい。
【0008】
本発明における還元剤であるホルムアミジンスルフィン酸と二酸化チオ尿素は、水溶液中で互換異性体として存在することが公知であるが、これらの誘導体としては、N,N’−ジフェニルチオ尿酸、N,N’−ジベンジルチオ尿酸やN,N’−ジシクロヘキシルチオ尿素等のチオ尿素誘導体を過酸化水素で酸化させて得られたものや、特許2808489号公報のアミノ酸と二酸化チオ尿素とを反応させて得られる水溶性の二酸化チオ尿素誘導体などが挙げられる。 勿論、これらの誘導体の1種以上を、ホルムアミジンスルフィン酸及び/又は二酸化チオ尿素と併用することができる。
【0009】
これら還元剤と併用する酸化剤、通称ラジカル開始剤としては、過酸化水素、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム等の過硫酸塩、過硼酸カリウム等の無機ラジカル開始剤や、t−ブチルヒドロパーオキサイド、キュメンヒロドパーオキサイド等のハイドロパーオキサイド、メチルエチルケトンパーオキサイド等のケトンパーオキサイド、1,1−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン等のパーオキシケタール、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド等のジアシルパーオキシド、t−ブチルパーオキシアセテート、t−ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート等のパーオキシエステル、ビス(2−エトキシエチル)パーオキシジカーボネート等のパーオキシカーボネート、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル等のアゾ化合物等の有機ラジカル開始剤を使用することができる。好ましくは、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、t−ブチルヒドロパーオキサイド、キュメンヒドロパーオキサイド、t−ブチルパーオキシアセテート、t−ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート等が挙げられる。
【0010】
本発明によればEVA系エマルジョンに少量の酢酸ビニルモノマー、またはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上であるモノマーを混合して重合することにより、特に無機充填剤の混和安定性が改良されるが、この際の比率は、(A)EVA系エマルジョンの不揮発分100質量部当たり、(B)酢酸ビニルモノマー、またはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上であるモノマーの1種類以上の混合物は1〜20質量部である必要があり、好ましい(B)成分の量は5〜15質量部である。
酢酸ビニルモノマー、またはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上のモノマーが少ないと、エマルジョンの安定性が向上しない。また多すぎてもそれ以上安定性は向上せず、また樹脂中のポリ酢酸ビニル、またはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上のポリマーの含有量が増加して硬くなり過ぎる等、EVAエマルジョンとしての特性が失われる。
【0011】
本発明の(A)EVA系エマルジョン、及び(B)酢酸ビニルモノマー、またはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上であるモノマーの重合温度は、使用するラジカル開始剤の種類により異なるが、一般的には40〜80℃である。
重合はエマルジョンに含有する未反応の単量体が、1質量%以下となるまで行うことが望ましい。
また公知の乳化重合法が用いられ、例えばモノマー逐次添加法、一括仕込法等が挙げられるが、特に制限されるものではない。
また(B)成分の酢酸ビニルモノマーについては、(A)EVA系エマルジョンの重合後の未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーであっても良く、あるいは残存する酢酸ビニルモノマーに新たに酢酸ビニルモノマーを混合しても良い。要は所定量の酢酸ビニルモノマーが、混合されていれば良い。
【0012】
本発明の(A)EVA系エマルジョンの組成はエチレンと酢酸ビニルを必須とし、エチレンと酢酸ビニルとその他共重合可能な単量体の割合は、質量比で3〜23:97〜77:0〜20である。
エチレンの割合が23質量%を越えると、樹脂が軟らかくなり過ぎて発泡体としての強度が低下するばかりでなく、塩ビ製品と高温時にブロッキングし易くなる。またエチレンの割合が3質量%未満になると、樹脂が硬くなり過ぎて発泡体として割れ易くなり、作業上好ましくない。
好ましいエチレンと酢酸ビニルとその他共重合可能な単量体の割合は3〜18:97〜82:0〜20、さらに好ましくは5〜12:95〜88:0〜10である。
【0013】
その他共重合可能な単量体としては例えばプロピオン酸ビニル、バーサチック酸ビニル(ネオノナン酸、ネオデカン酸のビニルエステル等)等の酢酸ビニル以外のビニルエステル類、アクリル酸、メタアクリル酸、エチルアクリレート、プロピルアクリレート、ブチルアクリレート、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート、メチルメタクリレート、エチルメタアクリレート、プロピルメタアクリレート、ブチルメタアクリレート、2−エチルヘキシルメタアクリレート等のモノカルボン酸やそのエステル類、マレイン酸、イタコン酸等のジカルボン酸、及びそのモノまたはジエステルまたは無水物等、スチレン等の芳香族系ビニル類、(メタ)アクリルアミド等のアミド類、トリアリルシアヌレート、トリアリルイソシアヌレート等の多官能単量体類、その他2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N−ビニルピロリドン、アクリロニトリル等が挙げられるが、これらの成分はエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体系エマルジョンの性能を阻害しない範囲で、一種類以上含有させることができる。
【0014】
また、(A)EVA系エマルジョンに少量混合する(B)酢酸ビニルモノマー、またはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上のモノマーとしては例えば、酢酸ビニルモノマー、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、アクリルアミド、スチレン等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また2種類以上を混合して使用しても良い。ホモポリマーのTgが30℃未満であると、壁紙とした場合、特に塩ビ製品との耐ブロッキング性が改良されない。
【0015】
また本発明のエマルジョンのトルエン不溶分が30質量%以下であると、発泡倍率が高くなり、発泡体、とりわけ壁紙として意匠性の点で好ましい。このトルエン不溶分が多いと、発泡性、特に発泡倍率が劣る結果になる。
【0016】
本発明のEVA系エマルジョンの乳化重合に使用される乳化分散剤はポリビニルアルコール(以下「PVA」と称す)を使用することが一般的であり、接着性や強度・強靱性の点で好ましい。PVAは重合度、鹸化度、使用量等によっては、その強靱性のために発泡性を低下させることがあり、好ましくはPVAと界面活性剤の併用等により、本発明のトルエン不溶分がその範囲になるよう調整する必要がある。
【0017】
PVAとしては、通常のPVAを用いることができ、例えば脂肪酸ビニルエステルの1種または2種以上を重合して得られる単独重合体または共重合体、若しくは他の共重合可能な単量体の共重合体を鹸化して得られるPVA、或いはこれらのPVAを変性した変性PVAが挙げられる。上記PVAにおいて、共重合可能な他の単量体としては、例えばエチレン、プロピレン等のオレフィン類、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸等の重合性モノカルボン酸類、マレイン酸、イタコン酸等の重合性ジカルボン酸類、無水マレイン酸等の重合性ジカルボン酸無水物、重合性モノカルボン酸類や重合性ジカルボン酸類のエステル類、及びその塩類、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド等の重合性酸アミド類、アクリル酸エステル類、メタクリル酸エステル類、グリシジル基を有する単量体、アルキルビニルエーテル類、スルホン基を有する単量体等が挙げられる。また、PVAの変性としては例えばアセトアセチル変性が挙げられる。
【0018】
PVAの鹸化度は65〜100モル%が好ましい。65モル%未満では、PVAの親水性が低くなり水溶性が低下し液状組成物が得られ難くなる場合がある。またPVAの重合度は、100〜4500が好ましい。100未満では得られる皮膜強度が小さく、且つ耐水性も劣る。一方4500を越えると、合成樹脂エマルジョンが高粘度液となるため、重合や各種の配合、調整に支障をきたす場合がある。
【0019】
PVA以外にメチルセルロースやヒドロキシエチルセルロース等の水溶性高分子、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン−ポリオキシプロピレンブロックコポリマー等のノニオン系界面活性剤やそれらの塩、ラウリル硫酸エステル塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキルフェニルエーテル硫酸塩エステル塩やメチルタウリン酸塩、スルホコハク酸塩、エーテルスルホン酸塩、リン酸エステル塩などのアニオン系界面活性剤、ポリアルキレングリコール類系、脂肪酸エステル系、高級アルコール系等のノニオン系界面活性剤、第4級アンモニウム塩やアミン塩類等のカチオン系界面活性剤、その他の両性界面活性剤も、PVAと同様に使用することができる。尚、界面活性剤はPVAに比べ凝集力が小さく、発泡性、特に発泡倍率は良好であるものの、熱によるへたりの問題が発生する可能性がある。従って界面活性剤はPVAと併用する方法が好ましいが、単独使用しても良い。
【0020】
発泡材料用エマルジョンに添加される発泡剤は、熱により分解し窒素ガスを発生するOBSH[p,p’−オキシビス(ベンゼンスルホヒドラジド)]や、ブタン等の炭化水素を包含し熱により炭化水素と外殻の樹脂が膨張する熱膨張性マイクロカプセルが使用できるが、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルが好適に使用される。本発明ではEVA系エマルジョンのトルエン不溶分を30%以下にすることにより発泡性に優れるため、従来の合成樹脂エマルジョンに比べ同量の発泡剤添加量で高発泡体が得られ、また同じ発泡倍率の発泡体を得るためには発泡剤が少量ですむ利点がある。
これら発泡剤は一般的に市販されているものを使用することができ、例えば、OBSHは永和化成工業株式会社製の商品名「ネオセルボン」、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルは松本油脂製薬株式会社製の商品名「マイクロスフェア」、日本フィライト株式会社製の商品名「エクスパンセル」を挙げることができる。中でも、発泡倍率や発泡後の表面状態の点で、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルが好ましい。
【0021】
発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物に使用される無機充填剤としては水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化バリウム、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、塩基性炭酸亜鉛、水酸化第一鉄、タルク、シリカ類、クレー、二酸化チタン、ケイ酸マグネシウム等がある。
中でも水酸化アルミニウムや炭酸カルシウムが好適である。
【0022】
発泡材料用組成物には、必要に応じて各種添加剤を添加することができる。例えば、酸化チタン等の隠蔽剤、着色を目的とする顔料、分散剤、増粘剤、消泡剤、浸透性調節剤(表面張力調節剤)、耐ブロッキング剤、難燃剤、有機系・無機系の発泡体、珪砂、珪石等の骨材、セメント等の水硬性無機材料等を、適宜使用することができる。
【0023】
発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物は、EVA系エマルジョンを主成分としてなる発泡材料用エマルジョン、発泡剤、及び無機充填剤を混合して製造される。 発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物を乾燥後、加熱することにより発泡体を得ることができる。
発泡体は基材の上に発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物を塗布し乾燥後、加熱発泡させることにより、発泡体と基材との複合材を得ることもできる。基材としてはプラスチックシート或いはフィルム、金属、木材、紙、タイル、煉瓦、コンクリート等、発泡体が接着するものであれば特に限定はされない。この中で難燃紙や一般紙上に発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物を、塗布し乾燥後、加熱発泡させた壁紙が特に好ましい。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下さらに詳細に実施例をもって説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。尚、本発明記載の部、及び%は特に記載が無ければ何れも質量基準で示したものである。
【0025】
<(A)EVA系エマルジョンの製造例>
攪拌機付の高圧重合缶にPVA(電気化学工業株式会社製)B−05とB−17を各2部、酢酸ソーダ0.2部、ホルムアミジンスルフィン酸(和光純薬工業株式会社製)0.2部、硫酸第一鉄7水和物0.005部、エチレンジアミン4酢酸4ナトリウム0.01部を90部の純水に溶解してから仕込み、さらに攪拌下酢酸ビニルモノマー100部を仕込み、窒素で重合缶内部を置換した後、エチレン25部を充填した。温度を55℃とした後、5%の過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液を連続添加し重合を行った。未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマー量が1%未満になるまで重合を継続し、残存するエチレンをパージし、EVAエマルジョンを得た。生成したEVAエマルジョン中の未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを減圧除去し、未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーが0.5質量%以下、エチレンと酢酸ビニルの組成は質量比で19:81(エチレン含有率19%)、トルエン不溶分45%、不揮発分55.0%の安定なEVA系エマルジョンを得た。以下、EVA−1と略す。
酢酸ビニル71部、エチレン29部に変更した以外は、上記と同様にして未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマー0.5質量%以下、エチレン含有率27%、トルエン不溶分60%、不揮発分55.2%のEVA系エマルジョンを得た。以下、EVA−2と略す。
【0026】
EVA−1の製造において乳化分散剤組成、溶解に使用した純水の量、エチレンの仕込み量、及び酢酸ビニルモノマーの添加方法を以下のように変更した以外は、EVA−1と同様に重合を行った。
乳化分散剤はB−05を2.8部、B−17を0.6部、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテルを0.8部とし、溶解に使用した純水は62部とした。エチレンの仕込み量は19部とし、酢酸ビニルモノマーは全量100部のうち、重合初期には67部を仕込み過硫酸アンモニウムの添加を開始してから約3時間後に残りの33部を2時間かけて重合缶に添加した。未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマー0.5質量%以下、エチレン含有率16%、トルエン不溶分28%、不揮発分65.0%のEVA系エマルジョンを得た。以下、EVA−3と略す。
エチレンの仕込量を10部に変更した以外は、上記と同様にして未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマー0.5質量%以下、エチレン含有率9%、トルエン不溶分20%、不揮発分64.3%のEVA系エマルジョンを得た。以下、EVA−4と略す。
【0027】
EVA−1の製造に於いて、重合に使用した還元剤の種類を表−1に示す通りに変更した以外は、同様に重合を行い、EVA−5〜7を得た。
これらEVA−1〜7の還元剤種類と合成樹脂エマルジョンの物性を、表−1に示す。
【0028】
【表1】
【0029】
<実施例1>
攪拌機付きのガラス製フラスコに、(A)EVA−3を100部、(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーを6.5部(EVA−3の不揮発分100質量部に対して10質量部)を計量し混合した。またホルムアミジンスルフィン酸0.03部、硫酸第一鉄7水和物0.0006部を純水2部に溶解し添加して、30分間撹拌しながら温度を50℃とした。30分後から5%の過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液2.64部を90分間に渡って添加し、重合を行った。未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマー量が1%未満になるまで重合を継続し、EVA系エマルジョン中の未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーが0.5質量%未満になるまで減圧除去し、トルエン不溶分29%、不揮発分64.8%の安定なEVA系エマルジョンを得た。ホルムアルデヒドの含有量は、定量限界以下であった。このエマルジョンを不揮発分基準で100部、市販の熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを不揮発分基準で15部、水酸化アルミニウムを主体にした酸化チタンとの混合無機充填剤を135部、熱膨張性マイクロカプセル、無機充填剤の分散剤、及び消泡剤を3部混合して、発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物(以下塗工液と称す)を得た。無機充填剤の混和安定性の尺度となる塗工液の粗粒率は、40ppmであった。次いでこの塗工液を、難燃紙上に乾燥後の厚みが0.1mmになるように塗布し、120℃で1分間乾燥後、さらに170℃で30秒間発泡させて、発泡体を得た。
これらについて以下の試験を実施した。試験結果を表2に示す。
【0030】
<試験条件>
1.合成樹脂エマルジョンの物性
(1)不揮発分:JIS K 6828に準ずる。
(2)トルエン不溶分:合成樹脂エマルジョンの乾燥皮膜を細かく裁断し、この皮膜0.5g(a)を50mlのトルエンに浸漬し、50℃で5時間振とうした後、200メッシュ金網で濾過回収した不溶分を乾燥した重量(b)を測定し、100×(b)/(a)の式より求めた。
(3)エチレン含有率:プロトンNMRによるピーク強度の積分値より算出したEVAポリマー中の含有率。
(4)ホルムアルデヒド含有量:厚生労働省令34号に準じた水蒸気蒸留法。
(5)エマルジョンの着色度:エマルジョンをガラス板に厚さ1mm程度に引き伸ばし、着色の度合を目視で確認した。
【0031】
2.壁紙(塗工液)の物性
(1)塗工液の粗粒率:50メッシュの金網で濾過したエマルジョンを使用して作製した塗工液を、200メッシュの金網で濾過した際の残存物の比率。
100gの塗工液を同量の純水で希釈・混合して、予め計量してある箱形に折った200メッシュの金網で濾過した。
金網を105℃で1時間乾燥させ、計量し重量の増加分を粗粒率とした。
(2)発泡倍率:(170℃、30秒間発泡後の発泡体単独の厚み)/(120℃、1分間乾燥後(発泡前)の発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物単独の厚み)
(3)耐ブロッキング性(常温):市販の塩ビレザーと発泡体の表面同士を重ね合わせ、23℃、65RH%の条件下で1kgf/cm2の荷重をかけて3日間放置し、その後、重ね合わせてある面を手で剥離し、○(抵抗無し)、△(抵抗有り)、×(剥離せず、材料破壊)の基準で評価した。
(4)耐ブロッキング性(高温):上記の試験を60℃、90RH%で24時間放置に変更した以外は、上記の(3)と同様に評価した。
【0032】
<実施例2、3>
実施例1において、使用した(A)EVA系エマルジョンの種類と(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーの添加量を表2に示す通りに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に重合を行った。
得られたエマルジョン及び壁紙の試験結果を、表2に示す。
【0033】
<比較例1〜3>
実施例1において、使用した(A)EVA系エマルジョンの種類と(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーの添加量を表2に示す通りに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に重合を行った。
得られたエマルジョン、及び壁紙の試験結果を、表2に示す。
【0034】
【表2】
【0035】
<比較例4、5>
(A)EVA−1、EVA−4を二段目の重合を行わないでそのまま壁紙として評価した。結果を表3に示す。
【0036】
<比較例6>
実施例1に於いて(A)EVA−2を使用し、(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーの添加量を5.5部とした以外は、実施例1と同様に試験した。
結果を表3に示す。
【0037】
<比較例7>
実施例1に於いて、(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーのかわりにアクリル酸ブチル(n−BA;市販品)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様に試験した。
結果を表3に示す。
尚、アクリル酸ブチルのホモポリマーのTgはポリマーハンドブック(POLYMER HANDBOOK THIRD Edition/John Wiley & Sons,Inc. 1989 p.VI/215)によれば、−54℃である。
【0038】
<実施例4〜6>
実施例1に於いて、(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーのかわりに、スチレン(市販品)、メタクリル酸メチル(MMA;市販品)、及びネオノナン酸ビニルエステル(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社製の商品名ベオバ9)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様に評価した。
結果を表3に示す。
尚、スチレンとメタクリル酸メチルのホモポリマーのTgは、ポリマーハンドブックによれば105℃(p.VI/226)と100℃(p.VI/219)である。
また、ネオノナン酸ビニルエステルのホモポリマーのTgは、メーカーのカタログによれば70℃である。
【0039】
【表3】
【0040】
実施例1〜6のいずれも比較例1〜3と比較して、ホルムアルデヒドの含有量が極めて低い。
また比較例2、3は、エマルジョンが黄色系に着色しており、その着色も放置時間の経過と共に激しくなっていく傾向が認められた。
【0041】
実施例1〜6と比較例4、5の比較において、本願の通り(A)EVA系エマルジョンにさらに(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーを重合させることにより、塗工液の粗粒率が低減し、無機充填剤の混和安定性が向上している。
【0042】
またEVA系エマルジョンのエチレン含有率が低いと、塩ビ製品との高温時の耐ブロッキング性が改良される。
すなわち実施例1〜2と比較例6の比較において、(A)EVA系エマルジョンのエチレン含有率が高いと、(B)酢酸ビニルモノマーを重合させても塩ビ製品との高温時の耐ブロッキング性は向上されない。
【0043】
実施例4〜6と比較例7との比較から、(B)酢酸ビニルモノマー以外のモノマーであっても、ホモポリマーのTgが高ければ、塩ビ製品との高温時の耐ブロッキング性が向上することが認められた。
すなわち比較例7のように(B)ホモポリマーのTgが低いモノマーを重合させても、耐ブロッキング性は向上されない。
【0044】
実施例1〜6と比較例1〜4及び6との比較から、トルエン不溶分が30%以下の時、発泡倍率が高くなることが認められた。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
(A)エチレン3〜23質量%、酢酸ビニルとその他共重合可能な単量体混合物が97〜77質量%となるような共重合反応に於いて、ホルムアミジンスルフィン酸、二酸化チオ尿素及びこれら誘導体から選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の化合物を還元剤として用いて重合したエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体系エマルジョンの不揮発分100質量部当たり、(B)1〜20質量部の酢酸ビニルモノマー、またはホモポリマーのTgが30℃以上であるモノマーの1種類以上を混合し、ホルムアミジンスルフィン酸、二酸化チオ尿素及びこれら誘導体から選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の化合物を還元剤として重合することを特徴とする発泡材料用エマルジョンであり、それに発泡剤、及び無機充填剤を含有させた発泡材料用エマルジョン組成物、そして該組成物から得られる壁紙は、シックハウス症候群の主原因とされるホルムアルデヒド含有量やエマルジョンの着色が極めて少なく環境に優しい。
更に無機充填剤との混和安定性に優れ、且つ室内にあるソファーや電気コード等の塩ビ製品との耐ブロッキング性にも優れる。さらにトルエン不溶分を30%以下にすることにより、発泡性、特に発泡倍率に優れる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an emulsion for foaming material, an emulsion composition for foaming material, and a foamed product thereof, and more particularly, foaming of adhesives, paints, binders, backing materials, etc. that are foamed with a thermal decomposition type or thermal expansion type foaming agent. The present invention relates to an emulsion composition that can be suitably used as a material, and particularly relates to interior decoration materials and wallpaper.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, foamed materials using synthetic resin emulsions are used for wallpaper and the like.
For example, JP-A-56-103230 and JP-A-56-103229 describe emulsion compositions for foams using a copolymer emulsion of ethylene / vinyl chloride / vinyl ester. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-4879 describes a wallpaper having a foamed layer using an emulsion of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and aluminum hydroxide as a surface layer.
In addition, regarding foamed materials using synthetic resin emulsions, JP-A-1-156378, JP-A-4-126240, JP-A-7-80979, JP-A-7-188502, JP-A-9-174788, JP-A-10-157646, This is described in Kaihei 10-157044 and JP-A-12-44720.
[0003]
In particular, for wallpaper applications, resins based on vinyl chloride as the main component or copolymer have been used. However, harmful chlorine gas and dioxins are generated during incineration, which is problematic from the viewpoint of the global environment and work environment. There is a strong demand for non-vinyl chloride. For this non-vinyl chloride, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsions have begun to be used on the market, but sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (SFS), which is a commonly used reducing agent in production, has been used for sick house syndrome. Formaldehyde, which is the main cause, was generated, and there was a problem that it was not preferable in terms of hygiene. Further, L-ascorbic acid and glyoxal / sulfite known as SFS substitutes have a problem that the emulsion is colored (discolored). Furthermore, there was also a drawback that the mixing stability with the inorganic filler added for imparting flame retardancy was poor, and the economics such as workability and yield were inferior. In addition, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsions have good adhesion properties so that they are originally used as adhesives for PVC sheets, so there is a problem of blocking (fusion) with PVC products such as sofas and electric cords in the room. .
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present application solves the above-mentioned problems, and is extremely non-PVC, has little formaldehyde content and coloring of the emulsion, has excellent mixing stability with inorganic fillers, and is resistant to PVC products in the room. The present invention provides an emulsion for foaming materials, an emulsion composition for foaming materials, and a foamed product thereof that are excellent in blocking properties and foaming properties.
[0005]
[Means for solving problems]
That is, the present invention relates to (A) a copolymerization reaction in which 3 to 23% by mass of ethylene and 97 to 77% by mass of a monomer mixture copolymerizable with vinyl acetate is 97 to 77% by mass. (B) 1 to 20 parts by mass of vinyl acetate per 100 parts by mass of the nonvolatile content of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion polymerized using at least one compound selected from thiourea and derivatives thereof as a reducing agent Mixing one or more monomers or monomers having a Tg of 30 ° C. or higher, and polymerizing at least one compound selected from formamidine sulfinic acid, thiourea dioxide and derivatives thereof as a reducing agent. This is a synthetic resin emulsion characterized by the low formaldehyde content and coloration of the emulsion. Is and which found that excellent mixing stability with inorganic filler. Furthermore, it is an environment-friendly emulsion for foaming materials characterized by having a toluene insoluble content of 30% by mass or less. Moreover, it is the emulsion composition for foaming materials which contains this emulsion for foaming materials, a foaming agent, and an inorganic filler, and is a foam and wallpaper which consist of this emulsion composition for foaming materials.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The emulsion for foam material of the present invention comprises a first stage (A) ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion (hereinafter referred to as “EVA emulsion”) and a second stage (B) vinyl acetate monomer or homopolymer Tg. The reducing agent used as a polymerization catalyst for monomers having a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher is at least one compound selected from formamidinesulfinic acid, thiourea dioxide, and derivatives thereof. Moreover, it is preferable that a toluene insoluble content is 30 mass% or less. By further containing a foaming agent and an inorganic filler in this emulsion, an emulsion composition for foaming material, its foam, and wallpaper are obtained.
[0007]
The reducing agent for polymerization catalyst of the first stage (A) EVA emulsion and the second stage (B) vinyl acetate monomer or homopolymer having a Tg of 30 ° C. or higher is formamidine sulfinic acid, thiodioxide One or more compounds selected from urea and derivatives thereof. The amount used is not particularly limited, but when the (A) EVA emulsion is polymerized, it is 0.01 to 1.0 part by mass, preferably 0.00 with respect to 100 parts by mass of all monomers to be reacted. It is 08-0.5 mass part. (B) When polymerizing a vinyl acetate monomer or a monomer having a Tg of 30 ° C. or higher of a homopolymer, 0.01 to 2.0 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass of all monomers to be reacted -1.0 mass part.
If the amount of the reducing agent added is less than this range, the reducing agent tends to be depleted during the polymerization and the residual monomer tends to increase, and if it exceeds this range, the polymerizability is good but it is added wastefully. It is not preferable in terms of economy. As a method of use, it may be added to the polymerization system before adding the oxidizing agent, or may be added to the polymerization system together with the oxidizing agent.
In order to facilitate the oxidation-reduction reaction, commonly known as redox polymerization, water-soluble metal compounds such as iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum, cerium and other sulfates, sodium pyrophosphate, ethylenediamine It is desirable to use a chelate-forming compound such as sodium tetraacetate in combination.
[0008]
Formamidine sulfinic acid and thiourea dioxide, which are reducing agents in the present invention, are known to exist as interchangeable isomers in an aqueous solution, and these derivatives include N, N′-diphenylthiouric acid, N, A product obtained by oxidizing a thiourea derivative such as N′-dibenzylthiouric acid or N, N′-dicyclohexylthiourea with hydrogen peroxide, or obtained by reacting an amino acid and thiourea dioxide disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 280889. Examples thereof include water-soluble thiourea dioxide derivatives. Of course, one or more of these derivatives can be used in combination with formamidine sulfinic acid and / or thiourea dioxide.
[0009]
As the oxidizing agent used in combination with these reducing agents, commonly referred to as radical initiators, persulfates such as hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate, inorganic radical initiators such as potassium perborate, t-butyl hydroperoxide, Hydroperoxides such as cumene hydride peroxide, ketone peroxides such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, peroxyketals such as 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, lauroyl peroxide, Diacyl peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, peroxyesters such as t-butylperoxyacetate and t-butylperoxybenzoate, peroxycarbonates such as bis (2-ethoxyethyl) peroxydicarbonate, azobisisobutyronite It may be an organic radical initiator azo compounds such as Le. Preferably, ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate and the like can be mentioned.
[0010]
According to the present invention, by mixing and polymerizing a small amount of vinyl acetate monomer or a monomer having a Tg of 30 ° C. or higher in the EVA emulsion, the mixing stability of the inorganic filler is improved. The ratio in this case is (A) 1 to 20 masses of a mixture of one or more monomers having a Tg of 30 ° C. or higher of (B) vinyl acetate monomer or homopolymer per 100 mass parts of the nonvolatile content of the EVA emulsion. The amount of component (B) is preferably 5 to 15 parts by mass.
If the vinyl acetate monomer or the monomer having a Tg of 30 ° C. or higher is small, the stability of the emulsion is not improved. If the amount is too large, the stability will not be improved any more, and the content of the polyvinyl acetate in the resin, or the polymer content with a Tg of 30 ° C. or higher in the homopolymer will become too hard, etc. Is lost.
[0011]
The polymerization temperature of (A) EVA emulsion of the present invention and (B) vinyl acetate monomer, or a monomer having a homopolymer Tg of 30 ° C. or more varies depending on the type of radical initiator used. 40-80 ° C.
The polymerization is desirably performed until the unreacted monomer contained in the emulsion is 1% by mass or less.
A known emulsion polymerization method is used, and examples thereof include a monomer sequential addition method and a batch charging method, but are not particularly limited.
The vinyl acetate monomer (B) may be (A) an unreacted vinyl acetate monomer after polymerization of the EVA emulsion, or a new vinyl acetate monomer may be mixed with the remaining vinyl acetate monomer. Also good. In short, a predetermined amount of vinyl acetate monomer may be mixed.
[0012]
The composition of the (A) EVA emulsion of the present invention essentially comprises ethylene and vinyl acetate, and the ratio of ethylene, vinyl acetate and other copolymerizable monomers is 3-23: 97-77: 0 by mass ratio. 20.
When the proportion of ethylene exceeds 23% by mass, the resin becomes too soft and the strength as a foam is lowered, and it becomes easy to block the PVC product at a high temperature. On the other hand, if the proportion of ethylene is less than 3% by mass, the resin becomes too hard and is easily broken as a foam, which is not preferable in terms of work.
The proportion of ethylene, vinyl acetate and other copolymerizable monomers is preferably 3-18: 97-82: 0-20, more preferably 5-12: 95-88: 0-10.
[0013]
Other copolymerizable monomers include, for example, vinyl esters other than vinyl acetate such as vinyl propionate and vinyl versatate (eg vinyl ester of neononanoic acid and neodecanoic acid), acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, propyl Monocarboxylic acids such as acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid and itaconic acid, And mono- or diesters or anhydrides thereof, aromatic vinyls such as styrene, amides such as (meth) acrylamide, polyfunctional monomers such as triallyl cyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate , Other 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylonitrile, etc., but these components should be contained in one or more kinds as long as the performance of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion is not impaired. Can do.
[0014]
Examples of (A) vinyl acetate monomer mixed in a small amount in EVA emulsion or (B) vinyl acetate monomer or homopolymer having a Tg of 30 ° C. or higher include, for example, vinyl acetate monomer, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, styrene, etc. However, it is not limited to these. Two or more types may be mixed and used. When the Tg of the homopolymer is less than 30 ° C., the blocking resistance with respect to a vinyl chloride product is not particularly improved when used as wallpaper.
[0015]
Further, when the toluene insoluble content of the emulsion of the present invention is 30% by mass or less, the expansion ratio becomes high, and it is preferable from the viewpoint of design as a foam, particularly wallpaper. When this toluene-insoluble content is large, the foaming property, particularly the foaming ratio is inferior.
[0016]
As the emulsifying dispersant used for the emulsion polymerization of the EVA emulsion of the present invention, polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as “PVA”) is generally used, which is preferable in terms of adhesiveness, strength and toughness. Depending on the degree of polymerization, the degree of saponification, the amount used, etc., PVA may reduce foaming properties due to its toughness, and the toluene insoluble content of the present invention is preferably in the range due to the combined use of PVA and a surfactant. It is necessary to adjust to become.
[0017]
As PVA, normal PVA can be used. For example, homopolymers or copolymers obtained by polymerizing one or more fatty acid vinyl esters, or copolymers of other copolymerizable monomers. Examples thereof include PVA obtained by saponifying a polymer, and modified PVA obtained by modifying these PVA. In the PVA, examples of other copolymerizable monomers include olefins such as ethylene and propylene, polymerizable monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid, and polymerizable properties such as maleic acid and itaconic acid. Polymerizable dicarboxylic anhydrides such as dicarboxylic acids and maleic anhydride, esters of polymerizable monocarboxylic acids and polymerizable dicarboxylic acids, and salts thereof, polymerizable acid amides such as acrylamide and methacrylamide, acrylic acid esters, Examples include methacrylic acid esters, monomers having a glycidyl group, alkyl vinyl ethers, and monomers having a sulfone group. Examples of PVA modification include acetoacetyl modification.
[0018]
The saponification degree of PVA is preferably 65 to 100 mol%. If it is less than 65 mol%, the hydrophilicity of PVA will become low, water solubility may fall, and it may become difficult to obtain a liquid composition. The polymerization degree of PVA is preferably 100 to 4500. If it is less than 100, the film strength obtained is small and the water resistance is also poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 4500, the synthetic resin emulsion becomes a high-viscosity liquid, which may hinder polymerization and various blending and adjustment.
[0019]
In addition to PVA, water-soluble polymers such as methylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer and their salts, lauryl sulfate Anionic surfactants such as ester salts, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylphenyl ether sulfate esters, methyl taurates, sulfosuccinates, ether sulfonates, phosphate esters, polyalkylene glycols, fatty acid esters Nonionic surfactants such as those of higher and higher alcohols, cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium salts and amine salts, and other amphoteric surfactants can also be used in the same manner as PVA. The surfactant has a smaller cohesive force than PVA and has a good foaming property, particularly a foaming ratio, but may cause a problem of sag due to heat. Accordingly, the surfactant is preferably used in combination with PVA, but may be used alone.
[0020]
Foaming agents added to the emulsion for foaming materials include hydrocarbons such as OBSH [p, p'-oxybis (benzenesulfohydrazide)], which decomposes by heat and generates nitrogen gas, and butane. Although a thermally expandable microcapsule in which the resin of the outer shell expands can be used, a thermally expandable microcapsule is preferably used. In the present invention, the foam-insoluble content in the EVA emulsion is reduced to 30% or less, so that the foaming property is excellent. Therefore, a high foam is obtained with the same amount of foaming agent added as compared with the conventional synthetic resin emulsion, and the same expansion ratio. There is an advantage that a small amount of a foaming agent is required to obtain a foam.
Commercially available foaming agents can be used. For example, OBSH is a product name “Neocerbon” manufactured by Eiwa Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., and the thermally expandable microcapsule is a product manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co., Ltd. The name “Microsphere” and the product name “Expancel” manufactured by Nihon Philite Co., Ltd. can be mentioned. Of these, thermally expandable microcapsules are preferable in terms of the expansion ratio and the surface state after foaming.
[0021]
Examples of inorganic fillers used in the emulsion composition for foaming materials include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, barium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, basic zinc carbonate, ferrous hydroxide, There are talc, silica, clay, titanium dioxide, magnesium silicate and the like.
Of these, aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate are preferred.
[0022]
Various additives can be added to the foamed material composition as necessary. For example, masking agents such as titanium oxide, pigments for coloring, dispersants, thickeners, antifoaming agents, permeability modifiers (surface tension modifiers), antiblocking agents, flame retardants, organic and inorganic Such foams, aggregates such as silica sand and quartz stone, hydraulic inorganic materials such as cement, and the like can be used as appropriate.
[0023]
The emulsion composition for a foam material is produced by mixing an emulsion for a foam material mainly composed of an EVA emulsion, a foaming agent, and an inorganic filler. A foam can be obtained by drying and then heating the emulsion composition for a foam material.
The foam can also be obtained by applying a foam material emulsion composition on a substrate, drying and then heating and foaming to obtain a composite material of the foam and the substrate. The base material is not particularly limited as long as the foam adheres to a plastic sheet or film, metal, wood, paper, tile, brick, concrete, or the like. Among them, a wallpaper obtained by applying an emulsion composition for a foam material on flame retardant paper or general paper, drying and then heating and foaming is particularly preferable.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the present invention, all parts and% are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
[0025]
<Production example of (A) EVA emulsion>
2 parts each of PVA (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo) B-05 and B-17, 0.2 part of sodium acetate, formamidine sulfinic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 0. 2 parts, 0.005 part of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 0.01 part of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium are dissolved in 90 parts of pure water, and then charged with 100 parts of vinyl acetate monomer under stirring. After replacing the inside of the polymerization can with 25 parts of ethylene. After the temperature was set to 55 ° C., 5% ammonium persulfate aqueous solution was continuously added for polymerization. Polymerization was continued until the amount of unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was less than 1%, and the remaining ethylene was purged to obtain an EVA emulsion. The unreacted vinyl acetate monomer in the produced EVA emulsion was removed under reduced pressure, the unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was 0.5% by mass or less, and the composition of ethylene and vinyl acetate was 19:81 by mass ratio (ethylene content 19% ), A stable EVA emulsion having a toluene insoluble content of 45% and a nonvolatile content of 55.0% was obtained. Hereinafter, it is abbreviated as EVA-1.
Except for changing to 71 parts of vinyl acetate and 29 parts of ethylene, in the same manner as above, unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was 0.5% by mass or less, ethylene content was 27%, toluene insoluble content was 60%, and nonvolatile content was 55.2% EVA emulsion was obtained. Hereinafter, it is abbreviated as EVA-2.
[0026]
Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as EVA-1, except that the emulsifying dispersant composition, the amount of pure water used for dissolution, the amount of ethylene charged, and the method of adding vinyl acetate monomer were changed as follows in the production of EVA-1. went.
The emulsifying dispersant was 2.8 parts of B-05, 0.6 parts of B-17, 0.8 parts of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, and 62 parts of pure water used for dissolution. The ethylene charge is 19 parts, and the vinyl acetate monomer is a total of 100 parts. Out of the total amount of 67 parts at the initial stage of polymerization, the remaining 33 parts are polymerized over 2 hours approximately 3 hours after the start of ammonium persulfate addition. Added to the can. An EVA emulsion having an unreacted vinyl acetate monomer content of 0.5% by mass or less, an ethylene content of 16%, a toluene insoluble content of 28%, and a nonvolatile content of 65.0% was obtained. Hereinafter, it is abbreviated as EVA-3.
The amount of unreacted vinyl acetate monomer is 0.5% by mass or less, the ethylene content is 9%, the toluene insoluble content is 20%, and the non-volatile content is 64.3% except that the amount of ethylene charged is changed to 10 parts. An EVA emulsion was obtained. Hereinafter, it is abbreviated as EVA-4.
[0027]
In the production of EVA-1, polymerization was carried out in the same manner except that the type of reducing agent used in the polymerization was changed as shown in Table 1, and EVA-5 to 7 were obtained.
Table 1 shows the types of reducing agents of EVA-1 to 7 and the physical properties of the synthetic resin emulsion.
[0028]
[Table 1]
[0029]
<Example 1>
In a glass flask equipped with a stirrer, 100 parts of (A) EVA-3 and (B) 6.5 parts of vinyl acetate monomer (10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the nonvolatile content of EVA-3) are weighed and mixed. did. Further, 0.03 part of formamidinesulfinic acid and 0.0006 part of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate were dissolved and added in 2 parts of pure water, and the temperature was adjusted to 50 ° C. while stirring for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, 2.64 parts of a 5% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was added over 90 minutes to conduct polymerization. Polymerization is continued until the amount of unreacted vinyl acetate monomer is less than 1%, and is removed under reduced pressure until the amount of unreacted vinyl acetate monomer in the EVA emulsion is less than 0.5% by mass. A stable EVA emulsion having a nonvolatile content of 64.8% was obtained. The formaldehyde content was below the limit of quantification. 100 parts of this emulsion on a non-volatile basis, 15 parts of a commercially available thermally expandable microcapsule on a non-volatile basis, 135 parts of a mixed inorganic filler with titanium oxide based on aluminum hydroxide, a thermally expandable microcapsule, Three parts of an inorganic filler dispersant and an antifoaming agent were mixed to obtain an emulsion composition for a foam material (hereinafter referred to as a coating solution). The coarse particle ratio of the coating solution, which is a measure of the mixing stability of the inorganic filler, was 40 ppm. Next, this coating solution was applied onto a flame retardant paper so that the thickness after drying was 0.1 mm, dried at 120 ° C. for 1 minute, and further foamed at 170 ° C. for 30 seconds to obtain a foam.
The following tests were conducted on these. The test results are shown in Table 2.
[0030]
<Test conditions>
1. Physical properties of synthetic resin emulsion (1) Nonvolatile content: Conforms to JIS K 6828.
(2) Toluene-insoluble matter: The dry film of the synthetic resin emulsion is cut finely, 0.5 g (a) of this film is immersed in 50 ml of toluene, shaken at 50 ° C. for 5 hours, and filtered through a 200-mesh wire mesh. The dried weight (b) of the insoluble matter was measured and determined from the formula 100 × (b) / (a).
(3) Ethylene content: Content in EVA polymer calculated from the integrated value of peak intensity by proton NMR.
(4) Formaldehyde content: Steam distillation method according to Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Ordinance No. 34.
(5) Coloring degree of emulsion: The emulsion was stretched on a glass plate to a thickness of about 1 mm, and the degree of coloring was visually confirmed.
[0031]
2. Physical Properties of Wallpaper (Coating Liquid) (1) Coarse Grain Ratio of Coating Liquid: Residual amount of coating liquid prepared using emulsion filtered through 50 mesh wire mesh when filtered through 200 mesh wire mesh ratio.
100 g of the coating solution was diluted and mixed with the same amount of pure water, and filtered through a 200-mesh wire mesh folded in a pre-weighed box shape.
The wire mesh was dried at 105 ° C. for 1 hour and weighed, and the increase in weight was defined as the coarse particle ratio.
(2) Foaming ratio: (170 ° C., thickness of foam alone after foaming for 30 seconds) / (Thickness of emulsion composition for foam material alone after drying at 120 ° C. for 1 minute (before foaming))
(3) Blocking resistance (room temperature): The surfaces of commercially available PVC leather and foam are overlapped, and left to stand for 3 days under a load of 1 kgf / cm 2 under the conditions of 23 ° C. and 65 RH%. The combined surfaces were peeled off by hand, and evaluated according to the criteria of ○ (no resistance), Δ (with resistance), × (no peeling, material destruction).
(4) Blocking resistance (high temperature): Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in the above (3) except that the above test was changed to leave at 60 ° C. and 90 RH% for 24 hours.
[0032]
<Examples 2 and 3>
In Example 1, polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type of (A) EVA emulsion used and the amount of (B) vinyl acetate monomer added were changed as shown in Table 2.
The test results of the obtained emulsion and wallpaper are shown in Table 2.
[0033]
<Comparative Examples 1-3>
In Example 1, polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type of (A) EVA emulsion used and the amount of (B) vinyl acetate monomer added were changed as shown in Table 2.
The test results of the obtained emulsion and wallpaper are shown in Table 2.
[0034]
[Table 2]
[0035]
<Comparative Examples 4 and 5>
(A) EVA-1 and EVA-4 were evaluated as wallpaper without undergoing second-stage polymerization. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0036]
<Comparative Example 6>
The test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (A) EVA-2 was used in Example 1 and the addition amount of (B) vinyl acetate monomer was 5.5 parts.
The results are shown in Table 3.
[0037]
<Comparative Example 7>
In Example 1, it tested like Example 1 except having used butyl acrylate (n-BA; commercial item) instead of (B) vinyl acetate monomer.
The results are shown in Table 3.
According to the polymer handbook (POLYMER HANDBOOK THIRD Edition / John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1989 p. VI / 215), the Tg of the homopolymer of butyl acrylate is −54 ° C.
[0038]
<Examples 4 to 6>
In Example 1, instead of (B) vinyl acetate monomer, styrene (commercial product), methyl methacrylate (MMA; commercial product), and neononanoic acid vinyl ester (trade name Veova 9 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) ) Was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
The results are shown in Table 3.
The Tg of the homopolymer of styrene and methyl methacrylate is 105 ° C. (p.VI/226) and 100 ° C. (p.VI/219) according to the polymer handbook.
The Tg of the homopolymer of neononanoic acid vinyl ester is 70 ° C. according to the manufacturer's catalog.
[0039]
[Table 3]
[0040]
In any of Examples 1 to 6, the formaldehyde content is extremely low as compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
Further, in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the emulsion was colored yellow, and the color was tended to become intense as the standing time passed.
[0041]
In the comparison between Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5, as in the present application, (B) vinyl acetate monomer was further polymerized into (A) EVA emulsion to reduce the coarse particle ratio of the coating liquid, and inorganic The mixing stability of the filler is improved.
[0042]
Moreover, when the ethylene content of the EVA emulsion is low, the blocking resistance at a high temperature with the PVC product is improved.
That is, in the comparison between Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 6, when the ethylene content of (A) EVA emulsion is high, (B) the blocking resistance at high temperature with the vinyl chloride product is high even if the vinyl acetate monomer is polymerized. Not improved.
[0043]
From comparison between Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Example 7, even if the monomer other than (B) vinyl acetate monomer is used, if the Tg of the homopolymer is high, the blocking resistance at high temperatures with the PVC product is improved. Was recognized.
That is, even when the monomer (B) having a low Tg of the homopolymer is polymerized as in Comparative Example 7, the blocking resistance is not improved.
[0044]
From comparison between Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and 6, it was recognized that the expansion ratio was high when the toluene insoluble content was 30% or less.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
(A) Formamidinesulfinic acid, thiourea dioxide and derivatives thereof in a copolymerization reaction in which 3 to 23% by mass of ethylene and 97 to 77% by mass of a monomer mixture copolymerizable with vinyl acetate are 97 to 77% by mass (B) 1 to 20 parts by weight of vinyl acetate monomer or homopolymer per 100 parts by weight of nonvolatile content of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion polymerized using at least one compound selected from Foam characterized by mixing at least one monomer having a Tg of 30 ° C. or higher and polymerizing at least one compound selected from formamidinesulfinic acid, thiourea dioxide and derivatives thereof as a reducing agent. Emulsion composition for foaming material, comprising a foaming agent and an inorganic filler, Wallpaper obtained from the composition may contain coloring formaldehyde content and emulsion are major cause of sick house syndrome friendly extremely small environment.
Furthermore, it has excellent mixing stability with inorganic fillers, and also has excellent blocking resistance with vinyl chloride products such as sofas and electric cords in the room. Furthermore, when the toluene insoluble content is 30% or less, the foaming property, particularly the foaming ratio is excellent.
Claims (6)
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| JP2002172617A JP3970101B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2002-06-13 | Emulsion for foam material and emulsion composition for foam material |
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