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JP3972776B2 - Slow-away surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tip that exhibits excellent chipping resistance in high-speed cutting - Google Patents
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JP3972776B2 - Slow-away surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tip that exhibits excellent chipping resistance in high-speed cutting - Google Patents

Slow-away surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tip that exhibits excellent chipping resistance in high-speed cutting Download PDF

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JP3972776B2
JP3972776B2 JP2002262985A JP2002262985A JP3972776B2 JP 3972776 B2 JP3972776 B2 JP 3972776B2 JP 2002262985 A JP2002262985 A JP 2002262985A JP 2002262985 A JP2002262985 A JP 2002262985A JP 3972776 B2 JP3972776 B2 JP 3972776B2
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cemented carbide
phase
cutting
nitrogen
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JP2004106062A (en
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一樹 岡田
信介 坂本
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、特に高熱発生を伴なう高速切削加工で、超硬合金基体におけるすくい面と逃げ面の交わる切刃稜線部がすぐれた耐熱塑性変形性を示し、前記切刃稜線部の熱塑性変形が原因の硬質被覆層の微少剥離が防止されて、すぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮するスローアウエイ式表面被覆超硬合金製切削チップ(以下、被覆超硬チップと云う)に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、超硬合金製切削チップ(以下、超硬チップと云う)が、バイトの先端部に着脱自在に取り付けて各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの被削材の旋削加工や平削り加工を行なうのに用いたり、エンドミル本体に着脱自在に取り付けて、前記被削材の面削加工や溝加工、さらに肩加工などに用いられることは良く知られるところである。
【0003】
上記の超硬チップとして、組織的に結合相と硬質相で構成され、結合相形成成分として質量%(以下、%は質量%を示す)で、4〜10%の割合で含有するCo中に0.1〜2%の割合で固溶含有したCrおよび/またはV成分による粒成長抑制作用で、硬質相を構成する炭化タングステン(以下、WCで示す)の粒径を、平均粒径で、望ましくは0.7μm以下とした微粒組織の超硬合金からなる超硬チップが知られている(例えば特許文献1参照)。
また、切削性能の一段の向上を目的として、超硬チップを基体とし、この基体の表面に、必要に応じて下地密着層として窒化チタン(以下、TiNで示す)層を0.1〜1μmの平均層厚で蒸着形成した後、TiとAlの複合窒化物[以下、(Ti,Al)Nで示す]からなる硬質被覆層を0.5〜6μmの平均層厚で物理蒸着してなる被覆超硬チップも知られている(例えば特許文献2参照)。
【0004】
さらに、上記の超硬チップが、原料粉末として、いずれも0.1〜3μmの範囲内の所定の平均粒径を有する炭化タングステン(以下、WCで示す)粉末、炭化クロム(以下、Cr32で示す)粉末、炭化バナジウム(以下、VCで示す)粉末、およびCo粉末を用い、これら原料粉末を所定の配合組成に配合し、湿式混合し、乾燥した後、例えば100MPaの圧力で所定形状の圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を、雰囲気圧力を1.3〜13.3Paとした真空雰囲気中、1350〜1480℃の範囲内の所定の温度に昇温し、この昇温温度に1〜2時間保持後、冷却して、Cr(Cr32)および/またはV(VC)がCo中に固溶してなる結合相とWCの硬質分散相からなる超硬合金で構成され、かつ研削加工にて所定の形状とすることにより製造されることも知られている(例えば特許文献1参照)。
【0005】
また、上記の被覆超硬チップが、超硬チップを基体とし、この基体を、例えば図1に概略説明図で示される物理蒸着装置の1種であるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、ヒータで装置内を、例えば雰囲気を1.3×10-3Paの真空として、500℃の温度に加熱した状態で、アノード電極と所定組成を有するTi−Al合金、または前記Ti−Al合金と金属Tiがセットされたカソード電極(蒸発源)との間に、例えば電圧:35V、電流:90Aの条件でアーク放電を発生させ、同時に装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入し、一方前記基体には、例えば−200Vのバイアス電圧を印加した条件で所定時間保持して、前記基体の表面に、所定層厚の(Ti,Al)N層、または下地密着層としてのTiN層と(Ti,Al)N層からなる硬質被覆層を形成することにより製造されることも知られている(例えば特許文献2参照)。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開昭61−12847号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平8−20933号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一方、近年の切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に対する要求は強く、これに伴い、切削装置の高性能化と相俟って、切削加工は高速で行われる傾向にあるが、特に従来被覆超硬チップにおいては、これを高熱発生を伴なう高速切削加工に用いると、特に超硬合金基体におけるすくい面と逃げ面の交わる切刃稜線部が、高温硬さおよび耐熱性不足が原因で、熱塑性変形を起し、この結果前記切刃稜線部の硬質被覆層には微少剥離が発生し、これがチッピング(微少欠け)の発生を誘発することから、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至るのが現状である。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者らは、上述のような観点から、高速切削加工で、すぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する被覆超硬チップを開発すべく、特に従来被覆超硬チップを構成する超硬合金基体に着目し、研究を行った結果、
(a)従来被覆超硬チップを構成する超硬合金基体の製造に際して、通常、原料粉末として用いられるWC粉末は、高純度を意図して製造されているため、焼結後の超硬合金基体の硬質分散相であるWC相が不純物として含有する窒素および酸素の含有量は、前記WC相の中心部をオージェ電子分光分析装置を用いて測定した値で、
酸素(O):0.001〜0.05%、
窒素(N):0.001〜0.03%、
であるのが一般的であること。
【0009】
(b)一般に、上記(a)の従来高純度WC粉末は、原料粉末としてWO3粉末を用い、これに還元粉末として所定量のカーボンブラックを配合し、混合した後、この混合粉末を950〜1050℃に加熱し、窒素気流中で所定時間保持の条件で還元処理を行い、ついで加熱温度を1150〜1250℃とすると共に、前記窒素気流を水素気流に変えて所定時間保持の条件で炭化処理を行うことにより製造されているが、この従来高純度WC粉末の製造において、還元処理の窒素気流中および炭化処理の水素気流中に所定割合、望ましくは5〜15容量%の割合でCOガスを配合すると、製造されたWC粉末中の酸素含有量および窒素含有量が上昇するようになり、前記のCOガスの5〜15容量%の配合で、製造されたWC粉末は、
酸素(O):0.2〜0.6%、
窒素(N):0.1〜0.25%、
を含有するようになること。
【0010】
(c)この結果の高酸素高窒素含有のWC粉末を原料粉末として用いて製造された超硬合金基体においては、これのWC相は、その中心部をオージェ電子分光分析装置を用いて測定した値で、前記高酸素高窒素含有のWC粉末と同じO:0.2〜0.6%、N:0.1〜0.25%、の含有量を示し、この結果前記含有量のOによってすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を具備し、一方前記O含有によってWC相の強度は低下するようになるが、このO含有による強度低下を前記含有量のNによって抑制することから、高純度WC相と同等の高強度が保持され、したがってこの超硬合金基体で構成された被覆超硬チップは、高熱発生を伴なう高速切削加工で、特にすくい面と逃げ面の交わる切刃稜線部が、すぐれた耐熱塑性変形性を示すようになり、この結果前記切刃稜線部における硬質被覆層の微少剥離が防止され、前記微少剥離が原因のチッピング発生が抑制されることから、長期に亘ってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮するようになること。
以上(a)〜(c)に示される研究結果を得たのである。
【0011】
この発明は、上記の研究結果に基づいてなされたものであって、組織的に結合相と硬質分散相で構成された超硬合金からなる基体の表面に、0.5〜6μmの平均層厚で(Ti,Al)Nからなる硬質被覆層を物理蒸着してなる被覆超硬チップにおいて、
上記超硬合金基体を、いずれも結合相形成成分として、
Co:4〜10%、
Crおよび/またはV:0.1〜2%、
を含有し、残りが硬質分散相を構成する酸素および窒素を固溶含有のWCと不可避不純物からなる組成を有し、かつ前記WC相の酸素(O)および窒素(N)の含有量が、前記WC相の中心部をオージェ電子分光分析装置を用いて測定した値で、
O:0.2〜0.6%、
N:0.1〜0.25%、
である超硬合金で構成してなる、高速切削加工ですぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する被覆超硬チップに特徴を有するものである。
【0012】
以下に、この発明の被覆超硬チップにおいて、これを構成する超硬合金基体の組成、および硬質被覆層の平均層厚を上記の通りに限定した理由を説明する。
(1) 超硬合金基体のCo含有量
結合相形成成分としてのCo含有量が4%未満では基体に所望の強度および靭性を確保することができず、一方Co含有量が10%を超えると切刃稜線部に熱塑性変形が発生し易くなり、この結果切刃稜線部における硬質被覆層に微少剥離が発生し、これがチッピングを誘発し、摩耗の進行が促進されるようになることから、Co含有量を4〜10%と定めた。
【0013】
(2) 超硬合金基体のCrおよび/またはV
これらの成分には、結合相を形成するCo中に固溶した状態でWC相の成長を著しく抑制して、これの粒径を平均粒径で、望ましくは0.7μm以下とした微粒組織とする作用があるが、この作用はCrおよびV成分の含有量が0.1%未満では不充分となり、一方その含有量が2%を超えると、これらの成分が炭化物として析出し、強度および靭性を低下させるようになることから、その含有量を0.1〜2%と定めた。
【0014】
(3) 超硬合金基体のWC相のO含有量
超硬合金基体のWC相におけるO含有量が0.2%未満では、所望のすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を確保することができないので、原料粉末であるWC粉末の製造時に、還元処理の窒素気流中および炭化処理の水素気流中に配合するCOガスの割合を調整して0.2%以上含有させ、すぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を確保して、高熱発生の高速切削加工でも切刃稜線部がすぐれた耐熱塑性変形性を発揮するようにするが、一方その含有量が0.6%を超えるとN含有によってもWC相自体の強度低下を阻止することができず、この結果チッピングが発生し易くなり、使用寿命短命化をもたらすことから、その含有量を0.2〜0.6%と定めた。
【0015】
(4) 超硬合金基体のWC相のN含有量
また、N含有量が0.1%未満では、上記のO含有による強度低下を完全に阻止することができないので、原料粉末として用いられるWC粉末の製造に際して、還元処理の窒素気流中および炭化処理の水素気流中に配合するCOガスの割合を調整して0.1%以上含有するようにするが、一方その含有量が0.25%を超えると上記のO含有によってもたらされる高温硬さと耐熱性の向上効果が低下し、所望の高温硬さと耐熱性を確保することができなくなり、この結果切刃稜線部が熱塑性変形を起し易くなり、これがチッピングの発生を誘発し、使用寿命短命化の原因となることから、その含有量を0.1〜0.25%と定めた。
【0016】
(5) 硬質被覆層の平均層厚
その平均層厚が0.5μm未満では硬質被覆層によってもたらされるすぐれた耐摩耗性を確保することができず、一方その平均層厚が6μmを超えると硬質被覆層にチッピングが発生し易くなることから、その平均層厚を0.5〜6μm、望ましくは0.8〜4μmと定めた。
なお、この場合硬質被覆層を構成する(Ti,Al)NにおけるTi成分は層自体の強度を高め、またAl成分は硬さを高め、かつ耐熱性を向上させる作用をもつが、Alの割合がTiとの合量に占める原子比で(以下同じ)、0.2未満では所望の硬さおよび耐熱性向上効果が得られず、一方Alの割合が同0.7を超えると、相対的にTi成分の含有割合が少なくなり過ぎて、Ti成分によってもたらされる強度向上効果を十分に発揮することができず、この結果チッピングが発生し易くなることから、Alの割合は0.2〜0.7、望ましくは0.4〜0.6とするのがよい。
【0017】
【発明の実施の態様】
つぎに、この発明の被覆超硬チップを実施例により具体的に説明する。
原料粉末として、平均粒径:0.5μmを有するWO3粉末、および同0.2μmのカーボンブラックを用意し、まずこれら原料粉末を、カーボンブラック:17%、WO3粉末:残り、の割合に配合し、湿式ボールミルでアセトンを加えて3時間混合し、減圧乾燥した後、よくほぐした状態でカーボンボートに充填した後、この混合粉末を950〜1050℃に加熱し、COガスを5〜15容量%の範囲内の所定の割合で配合してなる窒素−CO混合気流中で3時間保持の条件で還元処理を行い、ついで加熱温度を1150〜1250℃とすると共に、前記窒素−CO混合気流を同じくCOガスを5〜15容量%の範囲内の所定の割合で配合してなる水素−CO混合気流に変えて3時間保持の条件で炭化処理を行い、最終的に粒度調整を行うことにより、表1に示される窒素および酸素を含有し、かつ平均粒径をもった本発明被覆超硬チップの超硬合金基体製造用原料粉末としてのWC粉末(以下、本発明原料WC粉末という)a−1〜a−5をそれぞれ製造した。
【0018】
また、比較の目的で、還元処理の反応雰囲気を窒素気流、炭化処理の反応雰囲気を水素気流とする以外は、同一の条件で、同じく表1に示される窒素および酸素含有量、並びに平均粒径の従来被覆超硬チップの超硬合金基体製造用原料粉末としてのWC粉末(以下、従来原料WC粉末という)b−1〜b−5をそれぞれ製造した。
【0019】
ついで、上記の本発明原料WC粉末a−1〜a−5および従来原料WC粉末b−1〜b−7のそれぞれに、平均粒径:1.2μmのCo粉末、同1.8μmのVC粉末、および同2.3μmのCr32粉末を表2に示される割合に配合し、ボールミルで72時間湿式混合し、減圧乾燥し、さらにワックスと溶剤を加えて1時間混和した後、100MPaの圧力で所定形状の圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を、1.3Paの真空雰囲気中、1380〜1480℃の範囲内の所定の温度に1時間保持後、炉冷の条件で焼結し、この結果得られた超硬合金素材に研削加工を施して、それぞれ表2に示されるチップ形状およびホーニング量の本発明超硬合金基体A−1〜A−5および従来超硬合金基体B−1〜B−5をそれぞれを製造した。
【0020】
ついで、これら超硬合金基体を、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、それぞれ図1に例示される通常のアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、一方カソード電極(蒸発源)として、それぞれ種々の成分組成をもったTi−Al合金を装着し、さらに、ボンバート洗浄用および下地密着層形成用として金属Tiも装着し、まず、装置内を排気して0.5Pa以下の真空に保持しながら、ヒーターで装置内を500℃に加熱した後、前記超硬合金基体に−1000Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつカソード電極の前記金属Tiとアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって超硬合金基体表面をTiボンバート洗浄し、ついで装置内に反応ガスとして、窒素ガスを導入して6Paの反応雰囲気とすると共に、前記超硬合金基体に印加するバイアス電圧を−200Vに下げて、前記カソード電極とアノード電極との間にアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記超硬合金基体のそれぞれの表面に、表3に示される目標Al含有量および目標層厚の(Ti,Al)N層、またはTiN層とTi,Al)N層からなる硬質被覆層(なお、表3には表示を省略したが、下地密着層としての前記TiN層の形成を本発明被覆超硬チップ3および従来被覆超硬チップ3に0.5μmの平均層厚で行なった)を蒸着することにより、本発明被覆超硬チップ1〜5および従来被覆超硬チップ1〜5をそれぞれ製造した。
【0021】
この結果得られた本発明被覆超硬チップ1〜5および従来被覆超硬チップ1〜5について、オージェ電子分光分析装置を用い、これを構成する超硬合金基体における任意5個の WC相の中心部のO含有量およびN含有量を測定し、この結果を表2に平均値で示した。
表2には、これらの被覆超硬チップを構成する超硬合金基体の任意断面におけるWC相の平均粒径を走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定した結果も示した。
また、同じく上記超硬合金基体のCo、Cr、およびVの含有量を測定したところ、配合組成と実質的に同じ値を示した。
さらに、上記の本発明被覆超硬チップ1〜5および従来被覆超硬チップ1〜5を構成するそれぞれの硬質被覆層について、その厚さ断面中央部の組成をオージェ分光分析装置を用いて測定し、またその層厚を走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定したところ、いずれの場合も目標組成および目標層厚と実質的に同じ組成および層厚を示した。
【0022】
つぎに、上記の各種被覆超硬チップのうち、ISO・DCET11T302Rのチップ形状を有する本発明被覆超硬チップ1〜3および従来被覆超硬チップ1〜3については、いずれも工具鋼製バイトの先端部に固定治具にてネジ止めした状態で、
被削材:JIS・SCM440の丸棒、
切削速度:350m/min.、
切り込み:1.0mm、
送り:0.1mm/rev.、
の条件で合金鋼の乾式連続高速旋削加工試験を行ない、切刃部における逃げ面摩耗幅が0.2mmに達するまでの切削長を測定した。
【0023】
また、ISO・APMT1604PDERのチップ形状を有する本発明被覆超硬チップ3,4および従来被覆超硬チップ3,4については、直径:32mmの合金鋼製カッターに固定治具にてネジ止めした状態で、
被削材:JIS・FC300の角材、
切削速度:350m/min.、
軸方向切り込み:8mm、
径方向切り込み:16mm、
送り:0.1mm/刃、
の条件で普通鋳鉄の高速肩削り加工試験を行ない、切刃部における逃げ面摩耗幅が0.2mmに達するまでの切削長を測定した。これらの切削加工試験結果を表3に示した。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0003972776
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0003972776
【0026】
【表3】
Figure 0003972776
【0027】
【発明の効果】
表1〜3に示される結果から、本発明被覆超硬チップ1〜5は、いずれもこれを構成する超硬合金基体のWC相のOおよびNの含有量が相対的に高く、硬質分散相である前記WC相によってすぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性が確保されることから、高熱発生を伴なう高速切削加工でも切刃稜線部に硬質被覆層の微少剥離の原因となる熱塑性変形の発生がなく、この結果すぐれた耐チッピング性を示し、長期に亘ってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮するのに対して、前記WC相のOおよびNの含有量が相対的に低い超硬合金基体で構成された従来被覆超硬チップ1〜5においては、いずれも超硬合金基体におけるWC相の高温硬さおよび耐熱性不足が原因で、高速切削加工では特に切刃稜線部に熱塑性変形が起り、これが原因で硬質被覆層に微少剥離が発生し、チッピングを誘発することから、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。
上述のように、この発明の被覆超硬チップは、通常の条件での切削加工は勿論のこと、高速切削加工でもすぐれた耐チッピング性を示し、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するものであるから、切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に十分満足に対応することができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】アークイオンプレーティング装置の概略説明図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention shows particularly excellent heat-resistant plastic deformation at the cutting edge ridge line where the rake face and the flank face of the cemented carbide substrate intersect, especially in high-speed cutting with high heat generation, and the thermoplastic deformation of the cutting edge ridge line. The present invention relates to a throwaway type surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tip (hereinafter referred to as a coated cemented carbide tip) that exhibits excellent chipping resistance and prevents fine peeling of the hard coating layer caused by the above.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, a cemented carbide cutting tip (hereinafter referred to as a cemented carbide tip) is detachably attached to the tip of a tool for turning and planing of various steel and cast iron work materials. It is well known that it can be used or detachably attached to the end mill body and used for chamfering, grooving, and shouldering of the work material.
[0003]
As the above cemented carbide chip, it is structurally composed of a binder phase and a hard phase, and is contained in 4% to 10% of Co as a binder phase forming component in mass% (hereinafter,% indicates mass%). The grain size of the tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) constituting the hard phase is an average grain size by suppressing the grain growth by Cr and / or V component contained in a solid solution at a ratio of 0.1 to 2%. A cemented carbide tip made of a cemented carbide with a fine grain structure of 0.7 μm or less is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Further, for the purpose of further improving the cutting performance, a cemented carbide tip is used as a base, and a titanium nitride (hereinafter referred to as TiN) layer as a base adhesion layer is formed on the surface of the base as necessary in a thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm. After vapor deposition with an average layer thickness, a hard coating layer composed of a composite nitride of Ti and Al [hereinafter referred to as (Ti, Al) N] is physically vapor-deposited with an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 6 μm. A carbide chip is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
[0004]
Furthermore, the above-mentioned cemented carbide tip is a tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) powder, chromium carbide (hereinafter referred to as Cr 3 C) having a predetermined average particle diameter in the range of 0.1 to 3 μm as the raw material powder. 2 ), vanadium carbide (hereinafter referred to as VC) powder, and Co powder. These raw material powders are blended into a predetermined composition, wet-mixed and dried, for example, at a pressure of 100 MPa. The green compact was press-molded, and the green compact was heated to a predetermined temperature within a range of 1350 to 1480 ° C. in a vacuum atmosphere with an atmospheric pressure of 1.3 to 13.3 Pa. A cemented carbide comprising a binder phase in which Cr (Cr 3 C 2 ) and / or V (VC) is dissolved in Co and a hard dispersed phase of WC after being held at temperature for 1 to 2 hours and then cooled. Configured and with a predetermined shape by grinding It is also known to be manufactured by doing (for example, refer patent document 1).
[0005]
Further, the above-mentioned coated carbide tip has a carbide tip as a base, and this base is inserted into, for example, an arc ion plating apparatus which is a kind of physical vapor deposition apparatus schematically shown in FIG. In the apparatus, for example, the atmosphere is 1.3 × 10 −3 Pa vacuum and heated to a temperature of 500 ° C., the anode electrode and a Ti—Al alloy having a predetermined composition, or the Ti—Al alloy and metal For example, an arc discharge is generated between the Ti electrode and the cathode electrode (evaporation source) under the conditions of a voltage of 35 V and a current of 90 A. Simultaneously, nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reactive gas, Is held for a predetermined time under the condition that, for example, a bias voltage of −200 V is applied, and a (Ti, Al) N layer having a predetermined layer thickness or a TiN layer (Ti, Al) as a base adhesion layer is formed on the surface of the substrate. It is also known to be produced by forming a hard coating layer consisting of N layers (e.g., see Patent Document 2).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 61-12847 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-20933 gazette
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
On the other hand, there is a strong demand for labor saving and energy saving of cutting work and cost reduction in recent years, and along with this, cutting performance tends to be performed at a high speed in combination with high performance of cutting equipment. In particular, in conventional coated carbide inserts, if this is used for high-speed cutting with high heat generation, the cutting edge ridge line where the rake face and flank face of the cemented carbide substrate cross, especially, is insufficient in high-temperature hardness and heat resistance. As a result, it causes thermoplastic deformation. As a result, the hard coating layer at the edge of the cutting edge is slightly peeled off, which induces chipping. Is the current situation.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above, the inventors of the present invention developed a coated carbide chip that exhibits excellent chipping resistance by high-speed cutting, and in particular, a cemented carbide substrate constituting a conventional coated carbide chip. As a result of conducting research with a focus on
(A) At the time of manufacturing a cemented carbide substrate constituting a conventional coated cemented carbide chip, a WC powder usually used as a raw material powder is manufactured with the intention of high purity. The content of nitrogen and oxygen contained as impurities in the WC phase, which is a hard dispersed phase, is a value obtained by measuring the center of the WC phase using an Auger electron spectrometer.
Oxygen (O): 0.001 to 0.05%,
Nitrogen (N): 0.001 to 0.03%,
It is common to be.
[0009]
(B) In general, the conventional high-purity WC powder of the above (a) uses WO 3 powder as a raw material powder, and a predetermined amount of carbon black as a reducing powder is mixed and mixed. It is heated to 1050 ° C. and subjected to reduction treatment under the condition of holding for a predetermined time in a nitrogen stream, and then the heating temperature is set to 1150 to 1250 ° C. In the production of this conventional high-purity WC powder, CO gas is added at a predetermined ratio, preferably 5 to 15% by volume, in the nitrogen stream of reduction treatment and the hydrogen stream of carbonization treatment. When blended, the oxygen content and the nitrogen content in the produced WC powder increase, and the produced WC powder with the blending of 5 to 15% by volume of the CO gas is
Oxygen (O): 0.2-0.6%
Nitrogen (N): 0.1-0.25%,
To come to contain.
[0010]
(C) In the cemented carbide substrate manufactured using the high oxygen content and high nitrogen content WC powder as a raw material powder, the WC phase of the cemented carbide substrate was measured using an Auger electron spectrometer. In the value, the same O: 0.2-0.6%, N: 0.1-0.25% content as the high oxygen-high nitrogen content WC powder is shown. Although it has excellent high temperature hardness and heat resistance, the strength of the WC phase is reduced by the O content. However, since the strength reduction due to the O content is suppressed by the N content, the high purity WC phase Therefore, the coated carbide tip composed of this cemented carbide substrate is high-speed cutting with high heat generation, especially the cutting edge ridge line where the rake face and flank face intersect, To show excellent heat-resistant plastic deformation, Results The small peeling of the hard coating layer of the cutting edge line portion is prevented, the since the minute peeling chipping caused is suppressed, it becomes to exhibit excellent wear resistance for a long time.
The research results shown in (a) to (c) above were obtained.
[0011]
The present invention has been made on the basis of the above research results, and an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 6 μm is formed on the surface of a substrate made of a cemented carbide structurally composed of a binder phase and a hard dispersed phase. In a coated carbide chip formed by physical vapor deposition of a hard coating layer made of (Ti, Al) N,
Any of the above cemented carbide substrates as a binder phase forming component,
Co: 4-10%
Cr and / or V: 0.1 to 2%,
And the rest is composed of WC containing solid solution of oxygen and nitrogen constituting the hard dispersed phase and unavoidable impurities, and the contents of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) in the WC phase are: A value obtained by measuring the central portion of the WC phase using an Auger electron spectrometer.
O: 0.2-0.6%
N: 0.1-0.25%
It is characterized by a coated cemented carbide tip that is made of a cemented carbide alloy and exhibits excellent chipping resistance in high-speed cutting.
[0012]
The reason why the composition of the cemented carbide substrate constituting the cemented carbide chip of the present invention and the average thickness of the hard coating layer are limited as described above will be described below.
(1) Co content of cemented carbide substrate If the Co content as the binder phase forming component is less than 4%, the substrate cannot secure the desired strength and toughness, while if the Co content exceeds 10%. Since it becomes easy for thermoplastic deformation to occur in the cutting edge ridge line, and as a result, slight peeling occurs in the hard coating layer in the cutting edge ridge line, which induces chipping and promotes the progress of wear. The content was determined to be 4-10%.
[0013]
(2) Cr and / or V of cemented carbide substrate
These components include a fine-grained structure in which the growth of the WC phase is remarkably suppressed in a solid solution state in Co forming the binder phase, and the average particle size thereof is preferably 0.7 μm or less. However, if the Cr and V component content is less than 0.1%, this effect is insufficient. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 2%, these components precipitate as carbides, resulting in strength and toughness. Therefore, the content is determined to be 0.1 to 2%.
[0014]
(3) O content in the WC phase of the cemented carbide substrate If the O content in the WC phase of the cemented carbide substrate is less than 0.2%, the desired excellent high temperature hardness and heat resistance cannot be ensured. During the production of WC powder, which is a raw material powder, the proportion of CO gas blended in the nitrogen stream of reduction treatment and the hydrogen stream of carbonization treatment is adjusted to contain 0.2% or more, and it has excellent high temperature hardness and heat resistance. It is ensured that the cutting edge ridge line part exhibits excellent heat-resistant plastic deformability even in high-speed cutting with high heat generation. On the other hand, if its content exceeds 0.6%, even if it contains N, the WC phase itself Since the strength reduction cannot be prevented and as a result, chipping is likely to occur and the service life is shortened, the content was determined to be 0.2 to 0.6%.
[0015]
(4) N content of WC phase of cemented carbide base body If the N content is less than 0.1%, the strength reduction due to the O content cannot be completely prevented, so WC used as a raw material powder In the production of the powder, the proportion of CO gas blended in the nitrogen stream of reduction treatment and the hydrogen stream of carbonization treatment is adjusted to contain 0.1% or more, while the content is 0.25%. Exceeding the above range, the effect of improving the high-temperature hardness and heat resistance caused by the above-mentioned O content is reduced, and the desired high-temperature hardness and heat resistance cannot be ensured. As a result, the cutting edge ridge line portion easily causes thermoplastic deformation. Therefore, this induces chipping and shortens the service life, so the content was determined to be 0.1 to 0.25%.
[0016]
(5) Average layer thickness of the hard coating layer If the average layer thickness is less than 0.5 μm, the excellent wear resistance provided by the hard coating layer cannot be secured, while if the average layer thickness exceeds 6 μm, the hard coating layer is hard. Since the chipping is likely to occur in the coating layer, the average layer thickness is set to 0.5 to 6 μm, preferably 0.8 to 4 μm.
In this case, the Ti component in (Ti, Al) N constituting the hard coating layer increases the strength of the layer itself, and the Al component increases the hardness and improves the heat resistance. Is the atomic ratio occupying the total amount of Ti (hereinafter the same), and if it is less than 0.2, the desired hardness and heat resistance improvement effect cannot be obtained, while if the proportion of Al exceeds 0.7, In addition, since the content ratio of the Ti component is excessively decreased, the strength improvement effect brought about by the Ti component cannot be sufficiently exhibited. As a result, chipping is likely to occur. Therefore, the Al ratio is 0.2 to 0. .7, preferably 0.4 to 0.6.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the coated carbide chip of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
WO 3 powder having an average particle size of 0.5 μm and carbon black of 0.2 μm were prepared as raw material powders. First, these raw material powders were mixed in a ratio of carbon black: 17%, WO 3 powder: remaining. After blending, adding acetone with a wet ball mill and mixing for 3 hours, drying under reduced pressure, and filling in a carbon boat in a well-unraveled state, this mixed powder is heated to 950-1050 ° C., and the CO gas is changed to 5-15. Reduction treatment is performed under the condition of holding for 3 hours in a nitrogen-CO mixed gas stream blended at a predetermined ratio within a volume% range, and then the heating temperature is set to 1150 to 1250 ° C., and the nitrogen-CO mixed gas stream Is changed to a hydrogen-CO mixed gas stream in which CO gas is blended at a predetermined ratio in the range of 5 to 15% by volume, and carbonization is performed under the condition of holding for 3 hours, and finally the particle size is adjusted. WC powder as raw material powder for producing a cemented carbide substrate of the coated carbide tip of the present invention containing nitrogen and oxygen shown in Table 1 and having an average particle size (hereinafter referred to as the present material WC powder) ) A-1 to a-5 were produced respectively.
[0018]
For comparison purposes, the nitrogen and oxygen contents shown in Table 1 and the average particle diameter are the same under the same conditions except that the reaction atmosphere for the reduction treatment is a nitrogen stream and the reaction atmosphere for the carbonization treatment is a hydrogen stream. WC powders (hereinafter referred to as conventional raw material WC powders) b-1 to b-5 were produced as raw material powders for producing a cemented carbide substrate of conventional coated carbide chips.
[0019]
Next, each of the raw material WC powders a-1 to a-5 of the present invention and the conventional raw material WC powders b-1 to b-7, respectively, has an average particle size of 1.2 μm Co powder and 1.8 μm VC powder. And 2.3 μm Cr 3 C 2 powder in the proportions shown in Table 2, wet-mixed with a ball mill for 72 hours, dried under reduced pressure, further mixed with wax and solvent for 1 hour, and then mixed with 100 MPa The green compact is pressed into a green compact of a predetermined shape under pressure, and the green compact is held at a predetermined temperature within a range of 1380 to 1480 ° C. for 1 hour in a vacuum atmosphere of 1.3 Pa, and then sintered under furnace cooling conditions. As a result, the cemented carbide material obtained as a result is ground, and the cemented carbide substrates A-1 to A-5 of the present invention having the chip shapes and honing amounts shown in Table 2 and the conventional cemented carbide substrate, respectively. Each of B-1 to B-5 was produced.
[0020]
Then, these cemented carbide substrates were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and each was loaded into a normal arc ion plating apparatus exemplified in FIG. 1, while the cathode electrode (evaporation source) was Equipped with Ti-Al alloys with various component compositions, and also with metallic Ti for bombard cleaning and undercoat adhesion layer formation. First, the inside of the apparatus is evacuated and kept at a vacuum of 0.5 Pa or less. However, after heating the inside of the apparatus to 500 ° C. with a heater, a DC bias voltage of −1000 V was applied to the cemented carbide substrate, and a current of 100 A was passed between the metal Ti of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. Then, arc discharge is generated, and the surface of the cemented carbide substrate is cleaned by Ti bombardment. Then, nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas to form a reaction atmosphere of 6 Pa. At the same time, the bias voltage applied to the cemented carbide substrate was lowered to −200 V to generate an arc discharge between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. Hard coating layer consisting of (Ti, Al) N layer or TiN layer and Ti, Al) N layer with the target Al content and target layer thickness shown in Table 3 The TiN layer as a layer was formed on the coated carbide chip 3 of the present invention and the conventional coated carbide chip 3 with an average layer thickness of 0.5 μm) to deposit the coated carbide chips 1 to 5 of the present invention. And the conventional coated carbide | carbonized_material chips 1-5 were manufactured, respectively.
[0021]
For the coated carbide chips 1 to 5 of the present invention and the conventional coated carbide chips 1 to 5 obtained as a result, using the Auger electron spectroscopic analyzer, the center of any five WC phases in the cemented carbide substrate constituting the same The O content and N content of the parts were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2 as average values.
Table 2 also shows the results of measuring the average particle diameter of the WC phase in an arbitrary cross section of the cemented carbide substrate constituting these coated cemented carbide chips using a scanning electron microscope.
Further, when the contents of Co, Cr, and V of the cemented carbide substrate were measured, the values were substantially the same as the blend composition.
Furthermore, about each hard coating layer which comprises said invention coated carbide | carbonized_material chip | tip 1-5 and conventional coated carbide | carbonized_material chip | tips 1-5, the composition of the thickness cross-section center part is measured using an Auger spectroscopic analyzer. Moreover, when the layer thickness was measured using a scanning electron microscope, the composition and the layer thickness substantially the same as the target composition and the target layer thickness were shown in all cases.
[0022]
Next, among the various coated carbide tips described above, the coated carbide chips 1 to 3 and the conventional coated carbide chips 1 to 3 having the ISO / DCET11T302R chip shape are all tips of tool steel tools. In a state where the part is screwed with a fixing jig,
Work material: JIS / SCM440 round bar,
Cutting speed: 350 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 1.0 mm,
Feed: 0.1 mm / rev. ,
The dry continuous high-speed turning test of the alloy steel was performed under the conditions described above, and the cutting length until the flank wear width at the cutting edge portion reached 0.2 mm was measured.
[0023]
In addition, the coated carbide tips 3 and 4 of the present invention and the conventional coated carbide tips 3 and 4 having a chip shape of ISO / APMT1604PDER are fixed to a 32 mm alloy steel cutter with a fixing jig. ,
Work material: JIS / FC300 square,
Cutting speed: 350 m / min. ,
Axial cut: 8mm,
Radial notch: 16mm,
Feed: 0.1 mm / tooth,
The high-speed shoulder machining test of ordinary cast iron was performed under the conditions described above, and the cutting length until the flank wear width at the cutting edge portion reached 0.2 mm was measured. These cutting test results are shown in Table 3.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003972776
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003972776
[0026]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003972776
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
From the results shown in Tables 1 to 3, the coated cemented carbide chips 1 to 5 of the present invention all have a relatively high content of O and N in the WC phase of the cemented carbide substrate constituting the hard dispersed phase. The WC phase ensures excellent high-temperature hardness and heat resistance, so that even in high-speed cutting with high heat generation, the occurrence of thermoplastic deformation that causes micro-peeling of the hard coating layer on the cutting edge ridge. As a result, it has excellent chipping resistance and exhibits excellent wear resistance over a long period of time, whereas it is composed of a cemented carbide substrate having a relatively low content of O and N in the WC phase. In the conventional coated cemented carbide chips 1 to 5, the high-temperature cutting of the WC phase in the cemented carbide substrate and the lack of heat resistance caused thermoplastic deformation, particularly in the cutting edge ridge line part, Causes slight peeling of hard coating layer From inducing chipping, it is clear that lead to a relatively short time service life.
As described above, the coated carbide tip of the present invention exhibits excellent chipping resistance not only in cutting under normal conditions but also in high-speed cutting, and exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time. Therefore, it is possible to satisfactorily cope with labor saving, energy saving, and cost reduction in cutting.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of an arc ion plating apparatus.

Claims (1)

組織的に結合相と硬質分散相で構成された超硬合金からなる基体の表面に、0.5〜6μmの平均層厚でTiとAlの複合窒化物からなる硬質被覆層を物理蒸着してなるスローアウエイ式表面被覆超硬合金製切削チップにおいて、
上記超硬合金基体を、質量%で、結合相形成成分として、
Co:4〜10%、
Crおよび/またはV:0.1〜2%、
を含有し、残りが硬質分散相を構成する酸素および窒素を固溶含有の炭化タングステンと不可避不純物からなる組成を有し、かつ前記炭化タングステン相の酸素および窒素の含有量が、前記炭化タングステン相の中心部をオージェ電子分光分析装置を用いて測定した値で、
酸素:0.2〜0.6%、
窒素:0.1〜0.25%、
である超硬合金で構成したこと、
を特徴とする高速切削加工ですぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮するスローアウエイ式表面被覆超硬合金製切削チップ。
Physically vapor-deposited a hard coating layer made of a composite nitride of Ti and Al with an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 6 μm on the surface of a substrate made of a cemented carbide composed of a binder phase and a hard dispersed phase. In the throwaway type surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tip,
The cemented carbide substrate as a binder phase forming component in mass%,
Co: 4-10%
Cr and / or V: 0.1 to 2%,
The tungsten carbide phase has a composition comprising tungsten carbide containing oxygen and nitrogen in solid solution and the inevitable impurities, and the tungsten carbide phase contains oxygen and nitrogen. The value measured by using the Auger electron spectroscopy analyzer at the center of
Oxygen: 0.2-0.6%,
Nitrogen: 0.1-0.25%,
Made of cemented carbide, which is
This is a throwaway type surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tip that exhibits excellent chipping resistance in high-speed cutting.
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