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JP3979004B2 - Method for forming insulating coating on grain-oriented electrical steel sheet - Google Patents
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JP3979004B2 - Method for forming insulating coating on grain-oriented electrical steel sheet - Google Patents

Method for forming insulating coating on grain-oriented electrical steel sheet Download PDF

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JP3979004B2
JP3979004B2 JP2000376041A JP2000376041A JP3979004B2 JP 3979004 B2 JP3979004 B2 JP 3979004B2 JP 2000376041 A JP2000376041 A JP 2000376041A JP 2000376041 A JP2000376041 A JP 2000376041A JP 3979004 B2 JP3979004 B2 JP 3979004B2
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steel sheet
mass
grain
electrical steel
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JP2002180134A (en
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山口  広
高島  稔
光正 黒沢
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、変圧器や発電機の鉄心に利用される方向性電磁鋼板に関し、特に鉄損が極めて低い方向性電磁鋼板に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
方向性電磁鋼板は主として変圧器やその他の電気機器の鉄心材料として広く用いられているが、磁束密度および鉄損値等の磁気特性に優れることが重要であり、特にエネルギーロスを少なくするために低鉄損にすることが求められている。
【0003】
鉄損を低減するためには鋼板の板厚を薄くする方法、鋼板に有効なSiを含有させ電気抵抗を高める方法、またヒステリシス損を低下させるために有効な鋼板の結晶方位の配向性を高める方法などがあるが、さらに鋼板に張力を付与することが有効であることが知られており、そのために鋼板より熱膨張係数が小さい材質の被膜を設けることが行われている。
【0004】
例えば、最終的に結晶方位を揃える二次再結晶と鋼板の純化を兼ねる仕上焼鈍工程で、鋼板表面の酸化物と鋼板表面に塗布した焼鈍分離剤が反応してフォルステライトを主成分とする被膜が形成されるが、この被膜は鋼板に与える張力が大きく、鉄損低減に効果がある。さらに張力を上げるために、フォルステライト被膜の上に、低熱膨張性のコーティング液を上塗りして製品(方向性電磁鋼板)とする方法が行われている。
【0005】
ところが、近年、鋼板表面を磁気的に平滑化する手法が開発された。例えば、特公昭52−24499号公報には仕上焼鈍後、酸洗により表面生成物を除去し、ついで、化学研磨または電解研磨することにより鏡面状態に仕上げる方法が提案されている。また特開平5−43943号公報にはフォルステライト被膜を除去した後、1000〜1200℃の水素中でサーマルエッチングする方法が提案されている。
【0006】
そして、仕上焼鈍工程で意図的にフォルステライト被膜を除去した鋼板表面をさらに平滑に仕上げると、著しい鉄損の低減が認められることが明らかになった。このような表面処理により鉄損が低減するのは、磁化過程において鋼板の表面近傍の磁壁移動の妨げとなるピニングサイトが減少するためである。
【0007】
なお、ヒステリシス損失を減少させる磁気的に平滑な表面の状態とは、一般にRa(中心線平均粗さ)で表現される、いわゆる表面粗度だけが低減されたものではなく、特公平4−72920号公報に示される表面生成物を除去した後、ハロゲン化水溶液中で電解する結晶方位強調処理により得られるような表面状態であることが有効である。
【0008】
現在、フォルステライト被膜を有する方向性電磁鋼板に適用される張力付与型絶縁コーティング液は、Alやアルカリ土類金属のリン酸塩とコロイダルシリカ、無水クロム酸またはクロム酸塩を主成分とした処理液であり、これを塗布し、焼き付けすることが多い。張力付与型の絶縁被膜は、鋼板より熱膨張係数の小さいコロイダルシリカに代表される無機質を含有するコーティング液を高温で塗布して形成されるので、その際の地鉄と絶縁被膜との熱膨張差を利用して、常温において張力を鋼板に付与するものである。その形成方法は特公昭53−28375号公報、特公昭56−52117号公報などに記載されている。
【0009】
この方法で形成される絶縁被膜は鋼板に対する張力付与効果が大きく、鉄損低減に有効である。しかし、この方法による場合は、鋼板に対する張力付与の大きい絶縁被膜ほど下地との密着力を強くしなければ、絶縁被膜が剥離するという問題がある。すなわち、フォルステライト系の仕上焼鈍被膜が鋼板表面に存在する場合には、該焼鈍被膜の張力付与型絶縁被膜に対する密着性に問題はないが、フォルステライト系の仕上焼鈍被膜を除去し、特に鏡面化などの表面平滑化処理を行った場合には、該表面に張力付与型コーティング液を付着させることができない。このため、表面を磁気的に平滑化し、鉄損を低減する技術と張力付与型絶縁被膜による鉄損低減技術とを並立させることはできなかった。
【0010】
フォルステライト系被膜がない表面、さらに調整された平滑な表面に張力付与型絶縁被膜を形成する方法として、従来いくつかの方法が提案されている。例えば、前述の特公昭52−24499号公報には金属めっき後、特開平6−184762号公報には酸化ケイ素薄膜を形成させた後、張力付与型コーティング液を塗布、焼付けする方法が開示されている。
【0011】
さらに、特公昭56−4150号公報にはセラミックス薄膜を蒸着、スパッタリング、溶射などによって形成させる方法が、特公昭63−54767号公報には窒化物や炭化物のセラミックス被膜をイオンプレーティングまたはイオンプランテーションによって形成する方法が開示されている。特公平2−243770号公報にはいわゆるゾル−ゲル法によって高張力付与型のセラミックス被膜を鋼板表面に直接形成する方法が開示されている。
【0012】
これらの方法は平滑な表面を有する鋼板に張力を付与する方法として考案されたものではあるが、幾つかの問題点を有し、実用化されるに至っていない。すなわち、金属薄めっきを下地とし、その上にコーティング処理する方法では均一なめっき面の平滑さゆえに絶縁被膜の密着性が十分でなかったり、酸化ケイ素薄膜を形成させる方法は張力付与効果が劣るなど、鉄損の改善効果は十分でなかった。
【0013】
また、窒化物や炭化物あるいはその組合せからなるセラミックス被膜はいずれもその熱膨張係数が地鉄と比較してかなり低いため熱膨張係数の差による張力付与効果が大きいが、反面、地鉄と被膜との曲げ密着性に問題があった。さらに蒸着、スパッタリング、溶射、イオンプレーティングまたはイオンプランテーションによるセラミック被膜の形成は高コストである上、大面積を大量処理する際の均一性確保が困難であったり、ゾル−ゲル法では従来と同様な塗布、焼付けによる被膜形成が可能であるものの、0.5μm以上の厚さの均一美麗な被膜の形成が極めて困難なため、大きな張力付与効果をもたらすに至らず、所期の鉄損改善効果が得られなかった。
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、これらの従来技術の問題点を解決し、極めて鉄損値の低い方向性電磁鋼板を低コストで工業的に生産することができる製造方法を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。本発明者は、リン酸塩系絶縁コーティング液の鋼板への密着性を改善させる組成について鋭意研究を行った結果、▲1▼コーティング液の主剤の第一リン酸塩水溶液に特定量のリン酸を添加し、▲2▼親水基または有機結合基と金属結合基を有する有機金属化合物を密着性改善剤として添加すると鋼板表面と絶縁被膜との密着性が著しく改善すること、▲3▼絶縁コーティング液の反応性向上に伴う地鉄と絶縁被膜との界面における反応を、コロイダルシリカを一定量以上添加することにより抑止し、ヒステリシス損失の増加を防止できることを知見し、本発明を完成させた。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、フォルステライトの生成を抑止またはフォルステライトを除去した方向性電磁鋼板に、リン酸塩を主成分とするコーティング液を塗布、焼き付けすることによって張力付与型絶縁被膜を形成する方法において、該液のリン酸塩のリン酸基100質量部に対して、リン酸を50〜300質量部、親水基および/または有機結合基と金属結合基を有する有機金属化合物を0.5〜30質量部、およびコロイダルシリカを20〜200質量部配合したことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の絶縁被膜形成方法である。
【0016】
好ましい本発明は、コーティング液の塗布前に方向性電磁鋼板表面を平滑化することを特徴とする前記の方向性電磁鋼板の絶縁被膜形成方法である。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
絶縁被膜と鋼板表面との密着性向上には、コーティング液の反応性を高めることが重要と考えられたので、前述した本願出願人が提案した第一リン酸塩を含むコーティング液に、フリーのリン酸(リン酸塩となっていないもの)を配合したコーティング液を調製した。そして該コーティング液の組成を変えて、下記の方法で製造、処理して得た平滑化電磁鋼板に、溝付きゴムロールを用いて片面当たり4.0g/m2塗布し、850℃で焼き付けを行い、絶縁被膜が強固に密着した電磁鋼板を得た。
【0018】
すなわち、3質量%のSiを含有する冷延鋼板(最終板厚0.23mm)を脱炭、一次再結晶焼鈍した後、マグネシアを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布し、二次再結晶過程と純化過程を含む最終焼鈍を施し、さらに硫酸酸洗し、表面のフォルステライトを除去し、ついで、リン酸−クロム酸浴中で電解研磨を行い、表面を磁気的に平滑化した鋼板を用いた。
【0019】
図1は第一リン酸アルミニウム水溶液中に含まれるリン酸塩のリン酸基(PO4 )100質量部およびコロイダルシリカ100質量部に対し、リン酸を添加した場合のコーティング液の地鉄被覆率を目視で判断した結果である。リン酸添加量が50質量部未満では、焼付け後に絶縁被膜は剥離し、密着すらしなかったのに対し、50質量部以上では絶縁被膜の密着性改善効果が現れ、ほぼ100%の被覆率を得ることができた。コーティング液中のフリーのリン酸が鋼板表面との反応性を高め、造膜過程で強固な密着力を発現させたためと考えられる。しかし、350質量部を超えて添加した場合には、絶縁被膜におねしょ模様と呼ばれるエッチング模様が現れた。これはリン酸により地鉄表面が部分的にエッチングされたために起こった現象と推定され、外観を著しく損なった。好ましい添加量は150〜250質量部である。
【0020】
図2は第一リン酸マグネシウム水溶液中に含まれるリン酸塩のリン酸基(PO4 )100質量部に対しリン酸200質量部を添加し、さらに添加するコロイダルシリカの量を変化させた時の鉄損W17/50 値の測定結果である。コロイダルシリカを全く添加していない場合、鉄損値劣化は特に大きいことから、リン酸を添加する時、コロイダルシリカを20〜200質量部、好ましくは50〜150質量部同時に添加することが重要である。
【0021】
絶縁被膜が形成された電磁鋼板の断面SEM観察を行うと、絶縁被膜と接している地鉄部で内部酸化が起こり、地鉄の内方にシリカ層が形成され、コーティング液塗布前は平滑であった平滑面が著しく乱れていた。薄膜X線回折を行うと、りん酸鉄が形成されていることもわかった。
コロイダルシリカをリン酸塩含有コーティング液に添加し、絶縁被膜を形成させることにより熱膨張係数を低下させ、鋼板の張力付与効果を向上させるが、コロイダルシリカを本発明のコーティング液に添加する場合に、添加量が20質量部未満であると、密着性の改善効果はあるものの、鉄損値劣化を招く。
【0022】
ところが、コロイダルシリカを20質量部以上添加した場合には、界面は平滑なままで、地鉄から外方へごく薄い層が形成されていた。コロイダルシリカ添加は絶縁被膜と地鉄との界面の酸化挙動を変化させ、内部酸化を抑制する効果があるものと思われる。この層の正体や形成機構は明らかではないが、地鉄の外部に形成されるため、磁気的平滑性を失うことなく、バインダーの役割を果して密着性向上に寄与しているものと推定される。コロイダルシリカを200質量部より多く添加した場合には、発粉が起こり絶縁被膜の外観も悪くなった。
【0023】
本発明の第三の特徴はコーティング液に、親水基および/または有機結合基を有し、さらに金属結合基を有する有機金属化合物を添加する点である。ここで、金属結合基は鋼板またはごく薄い形成層と化学的に結合して絶縁被膜の密着に寄与するものと推定される。また、有機結合基や親水基は同じく化学的に絶縁被膜と作用して密着に寄与するものと推定される。
【0024】
有機金属化合物の添加量は地鉄と絶縁被膜との界面に作用すればよいので少量でよく、0.5〜30質量部、特に5〜15質量部であるのが好ましい。0.5質量部未満では絶縁被膜の密着性改善効果がなく、逆に30質量部を超える場合には、コーティング液の造膜に悪影響を及ぼし、短時間内では成膜しにくくなる。
【0025】
本発明に用いる有機金属化合物はメタン、エタン、プロパン、ブタンなどの直鎖状炭化水素、シクロヘキサンなどの脂環状炭化水素などの炭化水素に、Al、Fe、Si、Ti、Zrなどの金属が一つ(金属単体)または二つ以上結合した化合物などを骨格とするものであるが、もちろん例示したものに限定されるものではない。本発明の有機金属化合物は、上記骨格に加えて、親水基および/または有機結合基と金属結合基を有するものであるが、ビニルトリクロロシランのように、骨格の炭化水素が有機結合基を兼ねるものも含む。
【0026】
金属結合基としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基などの加水分解によってM−O−Fe型の金属結合を生じるアルコキシル基やその加水分解基、アセトキシ基などのアシル基、メトキシカルボニル基などの低級アルコキシカルボニル基や塩素原子などのハロゲン原子を挙げることができる。ここにMは有機金属化合物中の金属であり、上記したAl、Fe、Si、Ti、Zrなどの一つまたは二つ以上であるが、Siが後述のように安定した結合を形成できるのでより好ましい。
【0027】
親水基としてはアミノ基、カルボキシル基、水酸基、カルボニル基、スルホ基などを挙げることができる。
【0028】
有機結合基としてはビニル基、エポキシ基、メタクリル基、メタクリロキシ基、メルカプト基、ウレイド基、グリシドキシ基など、単純なアルキル基以外の有機基や塩素原子などのハロゲン原子を挙げることができる。
【0029】
好適な有機金属化合物はシランカップリング剤として知られる有機ケイ素化合物、またはそのオリゴマーである。具体的にはビニルトリクロロシラン、ビニルトリス(β−メトキシエトキシ)シラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、γ−(メタクリロイルオキシプロピル)トリメトキシシランなどの有機結合基含有系有機金属化合物、β−(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、γ−グリシジルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、N−β−(アミノエチル)−γ−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシランなどの親水基含有系有機金属化合物を挙げることができる。好ましいのはγ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ−グリシジルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシランである。
【0030】
本発明のコーティング液が塗布される対象の方向性電磁鋼板は、フォルステライトの生成を抑止されたか、またはフォルステライトを除去する仕上焼鈍後のものである。仕上焼鈍後の金属表面としては、単にフォルステライトなどの無機質被膜を除去しただけの地鉄面でも有効ではあるが、さらに表面に平滑化処理を施した方が鉄損値の低下の点からより有効である。例えば、サーマルエッチングや化学研磨などにより表面の粗度を極力小さくし、鏡面状態に仕上げた表面やハロゲン化物水溶液中での電解による結晶方位強調処理で得られるグレイニング様面などとしたものが好適である。
【0031】
以下、本発明の電磁鋼板の成分組成について説明する。
電磁鋼板の成分としては、Siを1.5〜7.0質量%含有させることが望ましい。すなわち、Siは製品の電気抵抗を高め、鉄損を低減するのに有効な成分であるが、Si含有量が7.0質量%を超えると硬度が高くなり、製造や加工が困難になりがちである。Si含有量が1.5質量%未満であると最終仕上焼鈍中に変態を生じて安定した二次再結晶組織が得られない。
【0032】
インヒビター元素としてAlを初期鋼中に0.006質量%以上含有させることにより結晶配向性をより一層向上させることができる。上限は0.06質量%で、これを超えると再び結晶配向性の劣化が始まる。窒素も同様の作用があり、上限はふくれ欠陥の発生から100ppm が好ましい。窒素の含有量の下限値は特に規定しないが、工業的規模で20ppm 未満に低下させるのは経済的に困難であり、20ppm が好適である。
【0033】
また、一次再結晶焼鈍後に増窒素処理を行う工程の付加も有効である。
増窒素処理を行わない場合には、副インヒビターとしてMnSe、MnSを析出させるために、初期鋼中に0.02〜0.2質量%のMnと、Seおよび/またはSを両元素の和で0.01〜0.06質量%含有させることが重要である。それぞれの含有量が少なすぎると二次再結晶を生じるための析出物が過少となり、また多すぎると熱延前の固溶が困難となる。増窒素処理を行う場合は、Mnを必ずしも添加する必要はないが、鋼板の延性改善などの目的で適宜添加するのがよい。
【0034】
鋼中には、上記の元素の他に、方向性電磁鋼板の製造に適するインヒビター成分としてB、Bi、Sb、Mo、Te、Sn、P、Ge、As、Nb、Ni、Cr、Ti、Cu、Pb、ZnおよびInから選ばれる元素を単独、または複合で0.0005〜2.0質量%程度含有させることができる。
【0035】
また、C、S、Nなどの不純物はいずれも、磁気特性上有害な作用があり、特に鉄損を劣化させるので、それぞれC:0.003質量%以下、S:0.002質量%以下、N:0.002質量%以下に低減することが好ましい。
【0036】
つぎに本発明の電磁鋼板の製造方法について好適条件とその理由を説明する。
所定の成分に調整された鋼は通常スラブ加熱に供された後、熱間圧延により熱延コイルとされるが、このスラブの加熱温度は1300℃以上の高温、1250℃以下の低温のいずれでもよい。また、近年、スラブ加熱を行わず、連続鋳造後、直接熱間圧延を行う方法が開発されているが、この方法による鋼板にも、本発明の方法が適用できる。
【0037】
熱間圧延後の鋼板に必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍を施し、1回の冷延または中間焼鈍を挟む複数回の圧延によって最終冷間圧延板とする。これらの圧延については、動的時効を狙った、いわゆる温間圧延や静的時効を狙ったパス間時効を施したものであってもよい。
【0038】
最終冷間圧延後の鋼板は脱炭焼鈍を兼ねる一次再結晶焼鈍を施され、最終仕上げ焼鈍により二次再結晶処理され、方向性を得る。最終仕上げ焼鈍を行う場合には、通常一次再結晶焼鈍後に焼鈍分離剤を塗布し、これにより酸化物被膜を形成させるが、この焼鈍分離剤の組成を調整して、鋼板表面上の酸化物被膜の生成を抑制することもできる。
【0039】
このようにして得られた鋼板に、さらなる鉄損低減を目的としてレーザーまたはプラズマ炎などを照射して、磁区の細分化を行っても、絶縁被膜の密着性にはなんらの問題もない。また、本発明の方向性電磁鋼板の製造工程の任意の段階で、磁区細分化のため、表面にエッチングや歯形ロールで一定間隔の溝を形成することも一層の鉄損低減を図る手段として有効である。
【0040】
【実施例】
(実施例1〜4、比較例1〜6)
Siを3質量%含有する冷間圧延鋼板(最終板厚0.23mm)を脱炭、一次再結晶焼鈍した後、マグネシアに対して塩化鉛を0.3質量%含む焼鈍分離剤を用いて、フォルステライト膜の形成を抑制しつつ、磁区細分化のために溝形成を行った後、二次再結晶させて方向性電磁鋼板を得た。
【0041】
リン酸基100質量部の第一リン酸マグネシウムに、重クロム酸カリウム15質量部を加えた水溶液に、コロイダルシリカ、リン酸、および金属結合基としてエトキシ基、親水基としてアミノ基を有するアミノプロピルエトキシシランを表1に示す割合で混合してコーティング液を調製した。該液をロールコーターで上記鋼板に塗布し、800℃で焼付けして、約4.0g/m2の厚さの被膜を形成した。
【0042】
得られた鋼板の被膜密着性と鉄損W17/50 値を下記の方法により評価した。液組成と評価結果を表1にまとめて示した。
【表1】

Figure 0003979004
鉄損は50Hzの周波数で1.7Tに磁化させた場合の損失[W17/50 (W/kg)]を測定した。
被膜の密着性は種々の径を持つ丸棒に試料を巻き付け、被膜が剥離しない最小径(mm)で評価した。
また、外観は目視によった。
【0043】
表1から明らかなように、試料2、8、9、10は本発明のコーティング液組成に適合するので、優れた外観と被膜密着性(最小曲げ剥離径)と鉄損W17/50 値を示している。これらに対し、リン酸、コロイダルシリカ、または金属結合基を有する有機金属化合物の添加量が本発明の組成に適合しない、すなわち、試料1、3〜7は密着性や外観が悪かったり、磁気特性が劣化した。
【0044】
(実施例5〜8、比較例7〜12)
Siを3質量%含有する冷間圧延鋼板(最終板厚0.23mm)に、磁区細分化のために5mm間隔のエッチング溝を形成、脱炭、一次再結晶焼鈍した後、マグネシアを主成分とし塩化鉛を0.3質量%含む焼鈍分離剤を塗布し、最終仕上げ焼鈍板を得た。さらに追加処理として塩化ナトリウム水溶液中での電解による結晶方位強調処理である平滑化処理を施し、表面を磁気的に平滑化した。
【0045】
リン酸基100質量部の第一リン酸アルミニウムとクロム酸10質量部を含む水溶液に、コロイダルシリカ、リン酸、および金属結合基としてメトキシ基、有機結合基としてグリシドキシ基を有するグリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランを混合して調製したコーティング液を、上記の鋼板に塗布し、850℃で焼付け、約5.0g/m2の厚さの被膜を形成した。該電磁鋼板の外観、密着性および磁気特性を評価し、評価結果を液組成とともに表2にまとめて示した。
【表2】
Figure 0003979004
【0046】
表2から明らかなように、試料12、16、19、20は本発明のコーティング液組成に適合するので、優れた外観と被膜密着性と鉄損W17/50 値を示している。これらに対し、リン酸やコロイダルシリカ、または金属結合基を有する有機金属化合物の添加量が本発明の組成に適合しない、試料11、13〜15、17、18は絶縁被膜がうまく成膜しなかったり、磁気特性が劣化した。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法によれば、仕上げ焼鈍被膜のない平滑な方向性電磁鋼板の表面に密着性のよい絶縁被膜を形成でき、鉄損低減が大幅に改善された方向性電磁鋼板を低コストで工業的規模で製造することができる。得られた鋼板は変圧器などの鉄心材料として好適に使用できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 コーティング液のリン酸添加量とコーティング液の鋼板に対する被覆率との関係を示すグラフ。
【図2】 コーティング液のコロイダルシリカ添加量と絶縁被膜が形成された鋼板の鉄損値との関係を示すグラフ。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet used for an iron core of a transformer or a generator, and particularly relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having extremely low iron loss.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Oriented electrical steel sheets are widely used mainly as iron core materials for transformers and other electrical equipment, but it is important to have excellent magnetic properties such as magnetic flux density and iron loss value, especially to reduce energy loss. There is a demand for low iron loss.
[0003]
In order to reduce the iron loss, a method of reducing the thickness of the steel sheet, a method of increasing the electric resistance by containing effective Si in the steel sheet, and an effective orientation of the crystal orientation of the steel sheet to reduce the hysteresis loss. Although there are methods, it is known that it is effective to further apply tension to the steel sheet, and for that purpose, a film having a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than that of the steel sheet is provided.
[0004]
For example, in the final annealing process that finally serves to refining the steel sheet and secondary recrystallization to align the crystal orientation, the oxide on the surface of the steel sheet and the annealing separator applied to the steel sheet surface react to form a film mainly composed of forsterite. However, this film has a large tension applied to the steel sheet and is effective in reducing iron loss. In order to further increase the tension, a method of applying a low thermal expansion coating solution on the forsterite film to obtain a product (oriented electrical steel sheet) has been performed.
[0005]
However, in recent years, a method for magnetically smoothing the steel sheet surface has been developed. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-24499 proposes a method of finishing a mirror surface by removing the surface product by pickling after finish annealing and then performing chemical polishing or electrolytic polishing. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-43943 proposes a method of performing thermal etching in hydrogen at 1000 to 1200 ° C. after removing the forsterite film.
[0006]
And it became clear that the remarkable reduction of iron loss was recognized when the steel plate surface from which the forsterite film was intentionally removed in the finish annealing process was further smoothed. The reason why the iron loss is reduced by such surface treatment is that pinning sites that hinder the domain wall movement in the vicinity of the surface of the steel sheet during the magnetization process are reduced.
[0007]
Note that the state of the magnetically smooth surface that reduces the hysteresis loss is not just a reduction in so-called surface roughness, which is generally expressed by Ra (centerline average roughness). It is effective that the surface state be obtained by crystal orientation emphasizing treatment in which an electrolysis in a halogenated aqueous solution is performed after removing the surface product shown in the publication.
[0008]
Currently, the tension-providing insulation coating solution applied to grain-oriented electrical steel sheets with forsterite coating is a treatment based on Al and alkaline earth metal phosphates and colloidal silica, chromic anhydride or chromate. It is a liquid and is often applied and baked. The tension-imparting type insulation coating is formed by applying a coating liquid containing an inorganic material typified by colloidal silica, which has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than that of a steel plate, at a high temperature. Using the difference, tension is applied to the steel sheet at room temperature. The formation method is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-28375, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-52117, and the like.
[0009]
The insulating coating formed by this method has a great effect of imparting tension to the steel sheet and is effective in reducing iron loss. However, according to this method, there is a problem that the insulating coating peels off unless the adhesion with the base is increased as the insulating coating with a greater tension applied to the steel sheet. That is, when a forsterite finish annealed coating is present on the steel sheet surface, there is no problem with the adhesion of the annealed coating to the tension-imparting insulating coating, but the forsterite finish annealed coating is removed. When a surface smoothing treatment such as crystallization is performed, a tension-imparting coating liquid cannot be adhered to the surface. For this reason, the technique of smoothing the surface magnetically and reducing the iron loss and the technique of reducing the iron loss by the tension-imparting type insulating coating cannot be arranged side by side.
[0010]
Several methods have heretofore been proposed as methods for forming a tension-imparting insulating coating on a surface without a forsterite-based coating, and on a smooth surface that has been adjusted. For example, the aforementioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-24499 discloses a method of applying and baking a tension-applying coating liquid after forming a silicon oxide thin film after metal plating, and in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-184762. Yes.
[0011]
Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-4150 discloses a method of forming a ceramic thin film by vapor deposition, sputtering, thermal spraying, etc., and Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-54767 discloses a nitride or carbide ceramic film by ion plating or ion plantation. A method of forming is disclosed. Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 2-243770 discloses a method of directly forming a high-tension imparting ceramic film on the surface of a steel sheet by a so-called sol-gel method.
[0012]
These methods have been devised as a method of applying tension to a steel plate having a smooth surface, but have some problems and have not yet been put into practical use. In other words, the method of coating a thin metal plating as a base and the coating treatment thereon has a poor smoothness of the plating surface, and the adhesion of the insulating film is not sufficient, or the method of forming a silicon oxide thin film is inferior in the tension imparting effect, etc. The effect of improving iron loss was not sufficient.
[0013]
In addition, the ceramic coating made of nitride, carbide, or a combination thereof has a considerably low thermal expansion coefficient compared to the base iron, so the effect of imparting tension due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient is great. There was a problem with bending adhesion. Furthermore, the formation of a ceramic coating by vapor deposition, sputtering, thermal spraying, ion plating or ion plantation is expensive, and it is difficult to ensure uniformity when processing a large area in large quantities. Although it is possible to form a film by simple coating and baking, it is extremely difficult to form a uniform and beautiful film with a thickness of 0.5 μm or more, so it does not bring about a large tension application effect, and the expected iron loss improvement effect Was not obtained.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made for the purpose of providing a production method capable of solving these problems of the prior art and industrially producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheets with extremely low iron loss values at low cost. is there. As a result of intensive studies on the composition for improving the adhesion of the phosphate-based insulating coating solution to the steel sheet, the present inventors have found that (1) a specific amount of phosphoric acid is added to the primary phosphate aqueous solution as the main component of the coating solution. (2) Addition of an organometallic compound having a hydrophilic group or an organic bonding group and a metal bonding group as an adhesion improver significantly improves the adhesion between the steel sheet surface and the insulating coating, and (3) insulating coating. The present inventors have completed the present invention by discovering that the reaction at the interface between the base iron and the insulating coating accompanying the improvement of the liquid reactivity can be suppressed by adding a certain amount or more of colloidal silica to prevent an increase in hysteresis loss.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a method for forming a tension-imparting insulating film by applying and baking a coating liquid mainly composed of phosphate to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in which the production of forsterite is suppressed or forsterite is removed. 50 to 300 parts by mass of phosphoric acid and 0.5 to 30 parts by mass of an organometallic compound having a hydrophilic group and / or an organic bonding group and a metal bonding group with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phosphate group of the phosphate of the liquid And 20 to 200 parts by mass of colloidal silica are blended.
[0016]
A preferred aspect of the present invention is the above-described method for forming an insulating coating on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, characterized by smoothing the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet before application of the coating liquid.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to improve the adhesion between the insulating coating and the steel sheet surface, it was considered important to increase the reactivity of the coating solution. Therefore, the coating solution containing the primary phosphate proposed by the applicant of the present application was free of charge. A coating solution containing phosphoric acid (not phosphate) was prepared. Then, by changing the composition of the coating solution, applying 4.0 g / m 2 per side using a grooved rubber roll to a smoothed electrical steel sheet produced and processed by the following method and baking at 850 ° C. Thus, an electrical steel sheet having an insulating coating firmly adhered thereto was obtained.
[0018]
That is, after decarburizing and primary recrystallization annealing of a cold-rolled steel sheet (final thickness 0.23 mm) containing 3% by mass of Si, a secondary recrystallization process is performed by applying an annealing separator mainly composed of magnesia. And steel plate with a surface that is magnetically smoothed by electrolytic polishing in a phosphoric acid-chromic acid bath. It was.
[0019]
FIG. 1 shows the coverage ratio of the coating solution when the phosphoric acid is added to 100 parts by mass of phosphoric acid groups (PO 4 ) and 100 parts by mass of colloidal silica contained in the first aluminum phosphate aqueous solution. It is the result of judging visually. When the addition amount of phosphoric acid is less than 50 parts by mass, the insulating film peels off after baking and does not even adhere, whereas when it is 50 parts by mass or more, the effect of improving the adhesion of the insulating film appears, and the coverage is almost 100%. I was able to get it. This is probably because the free phosphoric acid in the coating solution increased the reactivity with the steel sheet surface and developed a strong adhesion in the film forming process. However, when it was added in an amount exceeding 350 parts by mass, an etching pattern called a rice cake pattern appeared in the insulating film. This was presumed to be a phenomenon caused by the partial etching of the steel surface by phosphoric acid, and the appearance was significantly impaired. A preferable addition amount is 150 to 250 parts by mass.
[0020]
FIG. 2 shows a case where 200 parts by mass of phosphoric acid is added to 100 parts by mass of phosphate group (PO 4 ) of the phosphate contained in the first magnesium phosphate aqueous solution, and the amount of colloidal silica to be added is changed. It is a measurement result of the iron loss W 17/50 value. When no colloidal silica is added, the iron loss value deterioration is particularly great. Therefore, when adding phosphoric acid, it is important to add colloidal silica at 20 to 200 parts by mass, preferably 50 to 150 parts by mass at the same time. is there.
[0021]
When a cross-sectional SEM observation of the electrical steel sheet with the insulating coating is performed, internal oxidation occurs in the base iron part in contact with the insulating coating, a silica layer is formed inside the base iron, and it is smooth before the coating solution is applied. The smooth surface was noticeably disturbed. When thin film X-ray diffraction was performed, it was also found that iron phosphate was formed.
When colloidal silica is added to a phosphate-containing coating solution and an insulating film is formed, the coefficient of thermal expansion is reduced and the effect of imparting tension on the steel sheet is improved, but when colloidal silica is added to the coating solution of the present invention. When the addition amount is less than 20 parts by mass, the iron loss value is deteriorated although there is an effect of improving the adhesion.
[0022]
However, when colloidal silica was added in an amount of 20 parts by mass or more, the interface remained smooth, and a very thin layer was formed outward from the ground iron. It seems that the addition of colloidal silica has an effect of suppressing internal oxidation by changing the oxidation behavior of the interface between the insulating coating and the ground iron. Although the identity and formation mechanism of this layer are not clear, it is estimated that it contributes to improving adhesion by playing the role of a binder without losing magnetic smoothness because it is formed outside the base iron. . When more than 200 parts by mass of colloidal silica was added, powdering occurred and the appearance of the insulating coating deteriorated.
[0023]
The third feature of the present invention is that an organometallic compound having a hydrophilic group and / or an organic bonding group and further having a metal bonding group is added to the coating solution. Here, it is presumed that the metal bonding group is chemically bonded to the steel plate or the very thin formation layer and contributes to the adhesion of the insulating coating. Further, it is presumed that the organic bonding group and the hydrophilic group also contribute to adhesion by chemically acting on the insulating film.
[0024]
The addition amount of the organometallic compound may be a small amount as long as it acts on the interface between the ground iron and the insulating coating, and is preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by mass, particularly 5 to 15 parts by mass. If the amount is less than 0.5 parts by mass, there is no effect of improving the adhesion of the insulating film. Conversely, if the amount exceeds 30 parts by mass, the film formation of the coating liquid is adversely affected, and it is difficult to form the film within a short time.
[0025]
The organometallic compound used in the present invention includes straight chain hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane, hydrocarbons such as cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, and metals such as Al, Fe, Si, Ti, and Zr. However, the present invention is not limited to those exemplified. The organometallic compound of the present invention has a hydrophilic group and / or an organic linking group and a metal linking group in addition to the skeleton, but the skeleton hydrocarbon also serves as the organic linking group like vinyltrichlorosilane. Including things.
[0026]
The metal binding group, a methoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl Le group or its hydrolyzable group results in a metallurgical bond M-O-Fe type by hydrolysis, such as an ethoxy group, an acyl group such as an acetoxy group, such as methoxycarbonyl group lower Mention may be made of halogen atoms such as alkoxycarbonyl groups and chlorine atoms. Here, M is a metal in the organometallic compound, and is one or more of the above-described Al, Fe, Si, Ti, Zr, etc., but since Si can form a stable bond as described later, preferable.
[0027]
Examples of the hydrophilic group include an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, and a sulfo group.
[0028]
Examples of the organic bonding group include organic groups other than simple alkyl groups, such as vinyl groups, epoxy groups, methacryl groups, methacryloxy groups, mercapto groups, ureido groups, glycidoxy groups, and halogen atoms such as chlorine atoms.
[0029]
Suitable organometallic compounds are organosilicon compounds known as silane coupling agents, or oligomers thereof. Specifically, organic bond group-containing organic metal compounds such as vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltris (β-methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, γ- (methacryloyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane, β- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N-β- (aminoethyl) -γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, Mention may be made of hydrophilic group-containing organometallic compounds such as γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. Preferred are γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
[0030]
The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet to which the coating liquid of the present invention is applied is after the finish annealing in which the production of forsterite is suppressed or the forsterite is removed. The metal surface after finish annealing is effective even on the surface of the iron plate from which inorganic coatings such as forsterite have been removed, but it is more effective to smoothen the surface from the viewpoint of lowering iron loss values. It is valid. For example, the surface roughness is made as small as possible by thermal etching or chemical polishing, and the surface finished to a mirror surface or a graining-like surface obtained by crystal orientation enhancement by electrolysis in an aqueous halide solution is suitable. It is.
[0031]
Hereinafter, the component composition of the electrical steel sheet of the present invention will be described.
As a component of the electrical steel sheet, it is desirable to contain Si in an amount of 1.5 to 7.0% by mass. In other words, Si is an effective component for increasing the electrical resistance of the product and reducing iron loss. However, if the Si content exceeds 7.0% by mass, the hardness increases, and manufacturing and processing tend to be difficult. It is. When the Si content is less than 1.5% by mass, transformation occurs during final finish annealing, and a stable secondary recrystallized structure cannot be obtained.
[0032]
Crystal orientation can be further improved by adding 0.006% by mass or more of Al as an inhibitor element in the initial steel. The upper limit is 0.06% by mass. When the upper limit is exceeded, deterioration of crystal orientation begins again. Nitrogen has the same effect, and the upper limit is preferably 100 ppm from the occurrence of blister defects. The lower limit of the nitrogen content is not specified, but it is economically difficult to reduce it to less than 20 ppm on an industrial scale, and 20 ppm is preferable.
[0033]
It is also effective to add a step of increasing nitrogen after the primary recrystallization annealing.
In the case of not performing nitrogen increase treatment, in order to precipitate MnSe and MnS as secondary inhibitors, 0.02 to 0.2% by mass of Mn and Se and / or S in the initial steel are the sum of both elements. It is important to contain 0.01-0.06 mass%. If each content is too small, the amount of precipitates for causing secondary recrystallization is too small, and if it is too much, solid solution before hot rolling becomes difficult. In the case of performing nitrogen increase treatment, Mn is not necessarily added, but it is preferable to add it appropriately for the purpose of improving the ductility of the steel sheet.
[0034]
In steel, in addition to the above elements, B, Bi, Sb, Mo, Te, Sn, P, Ge, As, Nb, Ni, Cr, Ti, Cu as inhibitor components suitable for the production of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets , Pb, Zn and In can be contained alone or in combination in an amount of about 0.0005 to 2.0% by mass.
[0035]
In addition, impurities such as C, S, and N all have harmful effects on magnetic properties, and particularly deteriorate iron loss. Therefore, C: 0.003% by mass or less, S: 0.002% by mass or less, N: It is preferable to reduce to 0.002 mass% or less.
[0036]
Next, the preferred conditions and the reason for the method of manufacturing the electrical steel sheet according to the present invention will be described.
The steel adjusted to a predetermined component is usually subjected to slab heating, and then hot rolled into a hot rolled coil. The heating temperature of this slab can be any of a high temperature of 1300 ° C or higher and a low temperature of 1250 ° C or lower. Good. In recent years, a method of directly hot rolling after continuous casting without performing slab heating has been developed, but the method of the present invention can also be applied to a steel plate by this method.
[0037]
The hot-rolled steel sheet is subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing as necessary, and a final cold-rolled sheet is obtained by rolling a plurality of times with one cold rolling or intermediate annealing. About these rolling, what carried out so-called warm rolling aiming at dynamic aging and the pass aging aiming at static aging may be given.
[0038]
The steel sheet after the final cold rolling is subjected to primary recrystallization annealing that also serves as decarburization annealing, and is subjected to secondary recrystallization processing by final finish annealing to obtain directionality. When the final finish annealing is performed, an annealing separator is usually applied after the primary recrystallization annealing, thereby forming an oxide film. By adjusting the composition of the annealing separator, the oxide film on the steel sheet surface is formed. Can also be suppressed.
[0039]
Even if the steel sheet obtained in this manner is irradiated with a laser or a plasma flame for the purpose of further reducing iron loss to subdivide the magnetic domain, there is no problem with the adhesion of the insulating coating. In addition, it is also effective as a means of further reducing iron loss to form grooves at regular intervals by etching or tooth profile rolls on the surface for magnetic domain subdivision at any stage of the production process of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention. It is.
[0040]
【Example】
(Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-6)
After decarburizing and primary recrystallization annealing of a cold-rolled steel sheet containing 3% by mass of Si (final sheet thickness: 0.23 mm), using an annealing separator containing 0.3% by mass of lead chloride with respect to magnesia, Grooves were formed for magnetic domain fragmentation while suppressing forsterite film formation, and then secondary recrystallization was performed to obtain grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
[0041]
Aminopropyl having colloidal silica, phosphoric acid, and an ethoxy group as a metal bonding group and an amino group as a hydrophilic group in an aqueous solution obtained by adding 15 parts by mass of potassium dichromate to 100 parts by mass of primary phosphoric acid magnesium phosphate Ethoxysilane was mixed in the ratio shown in Table 1 to prepare a coating solution. The liquid was applied to the steel sheet with a roll coater and baked at 800 ° C. to form a film having a thickness of about 4.0 g / m 2 .
[0042]
The coating adhesion and iron loss W 17/50 value of the obtained steel sheet were evaluated by the following methods. The liquid composition and evaluation results are summarized in Table 1.
[Table 1]
Figure 0003979004
The iron loss was measured as loss [W 17/50 (W / kg)] when magnetized to 1.7 T at a frequency of 50 Hz.
The adhesion of the film was evaluated by winding the sample around a round bar having various diameters and evaluating the minimum diameter (mm) at which the film did not peel off.
The appearance was visually.
[0043]
As is clear from Table 1, Samples 2, 8, 9, and 10 are compatible with the coating liquid composition of the present invention, and therefore have excellent appearance, coating adhesion (minimum bending peel diameter), and iron loss W 17/50 value. Show. In contrast, the addition amount of phosphoric acid, colloidal silica, or an organometallic compound having a metal binding group is not compatible with the composition of the present invention, that is, Samples 1 and 3 to 7 have poor adhesion and appearance, magnetic properties Deteriorated.
[0044]
(Examples 5-8, Comparative Examples 7-12)
Cold-rolled steel sheet containing 3% by mass of Si (final sheet thickness: 0.23 mm) is formed with etching grooves at intervals of 5 mm for magnetic domain subdivision, decarburization, and primary recrystallization annealing, followed by magnesia as the main component. An annealing separator containing 0.3% by mass of lead chloride was applied to obtain a final finish annealed plate. Further, the surface was magnetically smoothed by performing a smoothing process as a crystal orientation emphasizing process by electrolysis in an aqueous sodium chloride solution as an additional process.
[0045]
In an aqueous solution containing 100 parts by mass of phosphoric acid groups and 10 parts by mass of primary aluminum phosphate and 10 parts by mass of chromic acid, colloidal silica, phosphoric acid, and glycidoxypropyl trimethyl having a methoxy group as a metal bonding group and a glycidoxy group as an organic bonding group. A coating solution prepared by mixing methoxysilane was applied to the steel plate and baked at 850 ° C. to form a coating having a thickness of about 5.0 g / m 2 . The appearance, adhesion and magnetic properties of the electrical steel sheet were evaluated, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2 together with the liquid composition.
[Table 2]
Figure 0003979004
[0046]
As is apparent from Table 2, samples 12, 16, 19, and 20 are compatible with the coating liquid composition of the present invention, and thus exhibit excellent appearance, film adhesion, and iron loss W 17/50 value. On the other hand, samples 11, 13-15, 17, and 18 in which the addition amount of phosphoric acid, colloidal silica, or an organometallic compound having a metal bonding group does not match the composition of the present invention do not form an insulating film well. Or the magnetic properties deteriorated.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to produce a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet at a low cost, which can form an insulating coating with good adhesion on the surface of a smooth grain-oriented electrical steel sheet without a finish annealing coating, and which has greatly improved iron loss reduction. Can be manufactured on a scale. The obtained steel plate can be suitably used as an iron core material such as a transformer.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of phosphoric acid added to a coating solution and the coating rate of the coating solution on a steel sheet.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of colloidal silica added to a coating solution and the iron loss value of a steel sheet on which an insulating film is formed.

Claims (2)

フォルステライトの生成を抑止またはフォルステライトを除去した方向性電磁鋼板に、リン酸塩を主成分とするコーティング液を塗布、焼き付けすることによって張力付与型絶縁被膜を形成する方法において、
該液のリン酸塩のリン酸基100質量部に対して、リン酸を50〜350質量部、親水基および/または有機結合基を有し、さらに金属結合基を有する、Al、Fe、Si、TiおよびZrからなる群から選ばれる一つまたは二つ以上が炭化水素に結合した有機金属化合物を0.5〜30質量部、およびコロイダルシリカを20〜200質量部配合し
前記親水基がアミノ基、カルボキシル基、水酸基、カルボニル基およびスルホ基からなる群から選ばれる一つまたは二つ以上であり、
前記有機結合基がビニル基、エポキシ基、メタクリル基、メタクリロキシ基、メルカプト基、ウレイド基、グリシドキシ基およびハロゲン原子からなる群から選ばれる一つまたは二つ以上であり、
前記金属結合基がアルコキシル基、アルコキシル基の加水分解基、アシル基、低級アルコキシカルボニル基およびハロゲン原子からなる群から選ばれる一つまたは二つ以上である、方向性電磁鋼板の絶縁被膜形成方法。
In a method of forming a tension-imparting insulating coating by applying and baking a coating liquid mainly composed of phosphate on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that suppresses the production of forsterite or removes forsterite,
Al, Fe, Si having phosphoric acid in an amount of 50 to 350 parts by mass, a hydrophilic group and / or an organic bonding group , and a metal bonding group with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phosphate group of the phosphate of the liquid , 0.5 to 30 parts by mass of an organometallic compound in which one or two or more selected from the group consisting of Ti and Zr are bonded to a hydrocarbon , and 20 to 200 parts by mass of colloidal silica ,
The hydrophilic group is one or more selected from the group consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group and a sulfo group;
The organic bonding group is one or more selected from the group consisting of vinyl group, epoxy group, methacryl group, methacryloxy group, mercapto group, ureido group, glycidoxy group and halogen atom,
A method for forming an insulating film on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, wherein the metal bonding group is one or more selected from the group consisting of an alkoxyl group, a hydrolyzable group of an alkoxyl group, an acyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a halogen atom .
コーティグ液の塗布前に、方向性電磁鋼板表面を平滑化することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の絶縁被膜形成方法。  The method for forming an insulating coating on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is smoothed before the coating liquid is applied.
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