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JP3979467B2 - Sealed lead-acid battery separator and sealed lead-acid battery - Google Patents
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JP3979467B2 - Sealed lead-acid battery separator and sealed lead-acid battery - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3979467B2
JP3979467B2 JP2002040413A JP2002040413A JP3979467B2 JP 3979467 B2 JP3979467 B2 JP 3979467B2 JP 2002040413 A JP2002040413 A JP 2002040413A JP 2002040413 A JP2002040413 A JP 2002040413A JP 3979467 B2 JP3979467 B2 JP 3979467B2
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separator
acid battery
sealed lead
glass fiber
aspect ratio
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JP2003242953A (en
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義則 三田
昌司 杉山
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Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd
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Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はガラス繊維を主体として構成される密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータとそれを内蔵した密閉型鉛蓄電池に係り、特に、低密度で、引張強度及び伸び率が高く、高容量の密閉型鉛蓄電池を歩留り良く製造することができる密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータとそれを内蔵した密閉型鉛蓄電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータとしては、親水性に優れた極細ガラス繊維を主体として構成されるシートが一般的に用いられている。密閉型鉛蓄電池のセパレータは、電池の正極と負極の短絡を防止すると同時に、電解液である硫酸液を吸液し、これを保持する役目を担う。セパレータに保持された電解液は流動性が著しく低下するため、充電末期に正極で発生する酸素ガスをセパレータ内の空隙を通して負極に移動させ、負極活物質との間にガス吸収反応を生じさせ、これにより鉛蓄電池を密閉化させることができる。
【0003】
しかしながら、セパレータの電解液保持性能が十分でないと、電池内の電解液が時間の経過と共に徐々に減少して一部が電解液を保持しなくなる「ドライアウト」や、電池内の上下によって電解液の密度に差を生じる「成層化」と呼ばれる現象が起きやすくなる。このような現象が起きると、電極の活物質が十分反応せず、電池の容量が低下し、電池寿命を著しく損なうことになる。
【0004】
このため、この電解液の保持や活物質の脱落防止等を目的として、繊維径1μm以下の極細ガラス繊維を用いたセパレータが提案されている(特開昭59−71255、特開昭59−138058号公報)。この極細ガラス繊維は一般にアスペクト比(繊維長/繊維径)が平均で2000以下の比較的短いガラス繊維である。また、従来においては、電解液注液後の極板間の圧迫力を維持するために、セパレータの密度は0.17g/cm3(19.6kPa圧縮時)以上とされている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来のセパレータでは、次のような問題があった。
▲1▼ セパレータの密度が高く、電池内でセパレータが占める容積が高く空隙率が低いために、活物質と反応する電解液の保持量が少ない。このため、電池容量が低い。
▲2▼ セパレータの密度が高いためにセパレータの表面が硬くなり、極板及びセパレータの表面の凹凸を互いに吸収し得ず、極板とセパレータとの間に隙間ができ易い。このように極板とセパレータとの密着性が悪いと、電池の内部抵抗が増加して容量が低下する。
▲3▼ ガラス繊維の繊維長が短いため、繊維同士の絡み合いが少なく、密度が高いにもかかわらず、強度は低く、電池組み付け時に切断し易い。また、密度が高くセパレータが硬いために、折り曲げによる極板への型添いが悪く、折り曲げ加工時にセパレータの外側に掛かる張力を吸収し得ず、セパレータに亀裂が発生し易い。
【0006】
本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決し、ガラス繊維を主体として構成される密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータであって、低密度で引張強度及び伸び率が高く、高容量の密閉型鉛蓄電池を歩留り良く製造することができる密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータとそれを内蔵した密閉型鉛蓄電池を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータは、ガラス繊維を主体として構成される密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータにおいて、前記ガラス繊維として、平均繊維径が1μm以下で平均アスペクト比が3000以上15000以下の高アスペクト比極細ガラス繊維と、平均繊維径が1μm以下で平均アスペクト比が500以上3000未満の低アスペクト比極細ガラス繊維のみを使用し、前記ガラス繊維のうち前記高アスペクト比極細ガラス繊維が50重量%以上であることを特徴とする。
【0008】
アスペクト比(繊維長/繊維径)の平均が3000〜15000の繊維長の長い極細ガラス繊維を用いることにより、繊維同士の絡み合いが強くなり、低密度で柔軟性に富み、しかも引張強度の高いセパレータを得ることができる。
【0009】
本発明において、セパレータは実質的にガラス繊維のみで構成されることが好ましい。
【0011】
また、本発明では、上記アスペクト比の極細ガラス繊維を用いることで、密度0.13〜0.16g/cm3程度の低密度セパレータとすることが好ましい。
【0012】
なお、本発明において、密度とは、セパレータをその厚さ方向に19.6kPa(20kg/dm2)の荷重で押圧して圧縮した状態での密度を指す。
【0013】
このような本発明のセパレータによれば、引張強度が1.5N/10mm2以上であり、破断時伸び率が5%以上の高強度で弾性に富んだセパレータが提供される。この引張強度及び破断時伸び率の測定方法は、後述の実施例に記載される通りである。
【0014】
本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池は、このような本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータを内蔵したものであり、高容量で電池性能に優れる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ及び密閉型鉛蓄電池の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
【0016】
まず、本発明で用いる極細ガラス繊維について説明する。
【0017】
本発明で用いる極細ガラス繊維は、平均アスペクト比3000〜15000の極細ガラス繊維、好ましくは平均アスペクト比8,000〜15,000のアスペクト比が大きく繊維長の長い極細ガラス繊維である。
【0018】
この極細ガラス繊維の平均アスペクト比が3000以下では、ガラス繊維同士の十分な絡み合いを得ることができず、セパレータの低密度化、引張強度、伸び率及び柔軟性の向上効果を十分には得ることはできない。このアスペクト比は大きい程、ガラス繊維同士の絡み合いが多くなるが、平均アスペクト比が15000を超えるような長いガラス繊維では、抄紙時等にガラス繊維の均一分散が困難となり、引張強度が却って低下する傾向がある。
【0019】
この極細ガラス繊維の平均繊維径は、通常1μm以下であり、好ましくは0.6〜1μmである。
【0020】
このようにアスペクト比が大きく繊維長の長いガラス繊維は、火炎吹付け法(FA法)や遠心力法(ロータリー法)等により極細ガラス繊維を製造するに当たり、ガラスの温粘特性による紡糸温度、繊維化時の吹織温度や圧力等を調節して所定の繊維径及び繊維長とすることにより製造することができる。
【0021】
以下に、本発明で用いる極細ガラス繊維の製造方法について図1を参照して説明する。
【0022】
(1)FA法
FA法では、図1(a)に示すように、ガラス溶解槽1の底部に設けられたブッシング2から長ガラス繊維をローラ3で連続紡糸し、このガラス長繊維をバーナ4の火炎によって溶融しながら吹き飛ばしてガラス短繊維を製造する。このFA法によりガラス繊維を製造するに当たり、ガラス原料の温粘特性に応じて、溶融温度や引出し温度、ブッシング2のノズル径、バーナ4の出力等を選択することにより、所定のアスペクト比の極細ガラス繊維を製造することができる。
【0023】
(2)ロータリー法
ロータリー法は、溶融したガラスを、高速で回転する容器の壁より吹き飛ばす方法である。即ち、図1(b)に示すように溶融炉6から流下する溶融ガラスを回転体(スピナ7)で受け、該スピナ7から放射方向に吹き飛ばし、さらにノズル8から空気(又は火炎)を噴き付けて細長く延伸し、極細ガラス繊維とする。このガラスの溶融温度や引出し温度、スピナの回転数、スピナの孔径、ノズルのガス噴出速度等を選択することにより、所定のアスペクト比の極細ガラス繊維を製造することができる。
【0024】
本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータは、平均アスペクト比3000〜15000の高アスペクト比の極細ガラス繊維と共に、平均アスペクト比3000未満、例えば平均アスペクト比500〜2000の低アスペクト比の極細ガラス繊維を併用する。このような高アスペクト比の極細ガラス繊維と低アスペクト比の極細ガラス繊維とを併用することは、圧迫力向上、コストの点で有利である。ただし、この場合、平均アスペクト比3000〜15000の極細ガラス繊維は、セパレータを構成するガラス繊維のうちの50重量%以上、特に70重量%以上となるようにするのが好ましい。
【0025】
なお、本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータは、実質的にガラス繊維のみで構成されたものが好ましいが、シリカ等の無機粉末や合成繊維を配合したものであっても良い。ただし、ガラス繊維の親水性による電解液の吸液性、保液性の高さを有効に発揮させるためには、本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータは、これらの他成分を配合せず、ガラス繊維のみで構成されていることが好ましい。
【0026】
本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータは、抄紙法により常法に従って製造することができる。この抄紙に当たり、抄紙水(循環水)のpHは通常2〜4の酸性とされ、これにより、ガラス繊維表面が酸と反応し、ガラスのアルカリ分が酸(水素)と置換することでSi−OH・H2Oの水ガラスが生成し、生成した水ガラスにより、ガラス繊維同士の絡み合いの交点が接着される。
【0027】
なお、ガラス繊維セパレータの抄造法として、抄紙水(循環水)のpHを中性とし、このような水ガラスを生成させず、ガラス繊維の絡み合いのみでシート化する方法も行われており、この方法によれば、より柔軟なセパレータを製造することができる。しかしながら、水ガラスによる接着力がないセパレータでは、強度が低下し、セパレータに必要な強度を得ることができないことがあるため、本発明のセパレータの製造に当っては、抄紙時にこのような柔軟加工は施さず、pH2〜4の条件で抄紙を行うのが好ましい。
【0028】
本発明のセパレータ自体の厚さは、使用される蓄電池によっても異なるが、一般には0.3〜3mmであることが好ましい。
【0029】
本発明によれば、アスペクト比が大きい極細ガラス繊維を用いたことにより、密度(19.6kPa圧縮時)が0.13〜0.16g/cm3、特に0.13〜0.15g/cm3と低く、引張強度が1.5N/10mm2以上特に2.0N/10mm2以上と高く、しかも、破断時伸び率が5%以上特に6%以上と柔軟性に富んだセパレータを提供することができる。
【0030】
本発明のセパレータは、電極を隔てるように密閉型鉛蓄電池の容器内に収納され、これにより密閉型鉛蓄電池が構成される。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下に実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明する。
【0032】
なお、以下の実施例及び比較例において、セパレータの製造に用いたガラス繊維A,Bは次の通りである。
ガラス繊維A:平均繊維径0.8μm,平均アスペクト比5000のガラス繊維(組成
成分含有率を表1に記載)
ガラス繊維B:平均繊維径0.8μm,平均アスペクト比2000のガラス繊維(組成成分含有率を表1に記載)
【0033】
【表1】

Figure 0003979467
【0034】
また、実施例及び比較例における、各物性及び特性の測定方法は次の通りである。
▲1▼ 目付(g/m2):試料質量を試料面積で除して求めた。
▲2▼ 密度(g/cm3):試料をその厚み方向に19.6kPa(20kg/dm2)の荷重で押圧した状態で測定した(JISC−2202)厚さT(mm)と▲1▼の目付W(g/m2)とから次式によって算出した。
W/1000T
▲3▼ 吸液性(mm/5min):試料を垂直にして、その下部を比重1.30の希硫酸に浸漬し、5分間で上昇する液位を測定することにより求めた。吸液性が大きいことは電解液の浸透が速く、また、電解液の保液性が良いことを示す。
▲4▼ 引張強度(N/10mm2):SBA4501により測定した。引張強度が高いことは、電池組み付け時にセパレータが切断しにくいことを示す。
▲5▼ 破断時伸び率(%):SHIMADZU社製「LOAD CELL AGS−5KND」を用いて、SBA4501により測定した。破断時伸び率が高いことは、電池組み付け時の折り曲げ加工で、極板への添いが良く、亀裂が発生しにくいことを示す。
▲6▼ 加重時の厚さ保持率(%):試料をその厚み方向に9.8〜98kPa(10〜100kg/dm2)の荷重で押圧した状態で厚さを測定し、9.8kPa加重時又は19.6kPa加重時を100%として相対値を求めた。この加重時の厚さ保持率は大きい程柔軟で、電池組み付け時の極板への密着性に優れることを示す。
【0035】
実施例2、比較例1、比較例4
ガラス繊維として、表2に示すものを用い、抄紙法(抄紙水(循環水)のpHは2〜4)により常法に従って表2に示す目付、密度のセパレータを製造した。
【0036】
比較例2
比較例1において、抄紙時に抄紙水(循環水)のpHを中性(pH=7)として柔軟加工を施したこと以外は同様にして、表2に示す目付、密度のセパレータを製造した。
【0037】
比較例3
比較例1において、抄紙時にガラス繊維を分散させた後粉砕機を用いてガラス繊維を粉砕し、繊維長を短くし、更に抄紙後、シートが完全に乾燥する前にローラープレスで厚さを潰して高密度化させたこと以外は同様にして、表2に示す目付、密度のセパレータを製造した。
【0038】
実施例2及び比較例1〜4で得られたセパレータについて各物性及び特性の測定を行い、結果を表2〜4及び図2に示した。
【0039】
なお、表3は加重時の厚さ保持率を19.6kPa加重時を100%として求めた相対値を示し、表4は加重時の厚さ保持率を9.8kPa加重時を100%として求めた相対値を示す。また、図2は表4をグラフ化したものである。
【0040】
【表2】
Figure 0003979467
【0041】
【表3】
Figure 0003979467
【0042】
【表4】
Figure 0003979467
【0043】
表2〜4及び図2より、アスペクト比の大きい極細ガラス繊維を用いた本発明のセパレータは、低密度で吸液性に優れ、引張強度が高く、伸び率が大きく、柔軟で弾力性に富んだセパレータであることがわかる。
【0044】
これに対して、平均アスペクト比2000の従来の極細ガラス繊維を用い、実施例2、比較例4と同程度の密度とした比較例1では、引張強度が若干悪くなり、特に伸び率が小さいものとなる。また、柔軟性が不足するため、加重時の厚さ保持率が大きい。
【0045】
従来の極細ガラス繊維を用いて柔軟加工を施した比較例2では、伸び率や柔軟性は高められるが、引張強度が著しく劣るものとなる。
【0046】
また、従来の極細ガラス繊維を用いて、プレスにより高密度化した比較例3では、引張強度は高められるが、硬く、柔軟性に劣る。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータによれば、次のような効果が奏される。
▲1▼ アスペクト比が高い極細ガラス繊維を用いているので、繊維同士の絡み合いが多く、セパレータが低密度化される。
▲2▼ セパレータが低密度であるため、柔軟になり、極板間に圧迫挿入された際、極板面に対して十分に密着する。このため、内部抵抗の低い密閉型鉛蓄電池を製造することができる。
▲3▼ 繊維同士の絡み合いが多いため、引張強度が高く、また伸び率が大きいことから、電池の組み付け時にセパレータが切断したり、折り曲げ加工によりセパレータに亀裂が入ったりすることがない。このため、密閉型鉛蓄電池を良好な作業性のもとに歩留り良く製造することができる。
▲4▼ 低密度であるため孔径が大きく、電解液の浸透が速い。このため圧迫力の低下を防止することができる。
▲5▼ 低密度で電池内の空隙率が高いため、活物質と反応する電解液の保持量が多くなり、電池容量を高めることができる。
▲6▼ 柔軟で圧縮復元性も高く、へたりが少ない。
本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池は、このような本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータを内蔵したものであり、高容量で電池性能に優れる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明で用いる極細ガラス繊維の製造方法を説明する模式図である。
【図2】実施例2及び比較例1〜4で製造されたセパレータの加重時の厚さ保持率を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sealed lead-acid battery separator mainly composed of glass fiber and a sealed lead-acid battery incorporating the separator, and in particular, a low-density, high tensile strength and high elongation rate, and a high-capacity sealed lead-acid battery. The present invention relates to a sealed lead-acid battery separator and a sealed lead-acid battery incorporating the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a sealed lead-acid battery separator, a sheet mainly composed of ultrafine glass fibers having excellent hydrophilicity is generally used. The separator of the sealed lead-acid battery serves to prevent a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, and at the same time, absorbs and holds the sulfuric acid solution that is an electrolytic solution. Since the fluidity of the electrolyte retained in the separator is significantly reduced, oxygen gas generated at the positive electrode at the end of charging is moved to the negative electrode through the gap in the separator, causing a gas absorption reaction with the negative electrode active material, Thereby, a lead acid battery can be sealed.
[0003]
However, if the electrolyte holding performance of the separator is not sufficient, the electrolyte in the battery gradually decreases over time, and some of the electrolyte does not hold the electrolyte. A phenomenon called “stratification” that causes a difference in the density of the particles tends to occur. When such a phenomenon occurs, the active material of the electrode does not react sufficiently, the capacity of the battery is reduced, and the battery life is significantly impaired.
[0004]
For this reason, separators using ultrafine glass fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 μm or less have been proposed for the purpose of retaining the electrolytic solution and preventing the active material from falling off (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 59-71255 and 59-138058). Issue gazette). This ultrafine glass fiber is generally a relatively short glass fiber having an average aspect ratio (fiber length / fiber diameter) of 2000 or less. Conventionally, the separator has a density of 0.17 g / cm 3 (at the time of 19.6 kPa compression) or more in order to maintain the pressing force between the electrode plates after injecting the electrolyte.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional separator has the following problems.
(1) Since the density of the separator is high, the volume occupied by the separator in the battery is high, and the porosity is low, the amount of the electrolytic solution that reacts with the active material is small. For this reason, battery capacity is low.
{Circle around (2)} Since the separator has a high density, the surface of the separator becomes hard, and unevenness on the surface of the electrode plate and the separator cannot be absorbed, and a gap is easily formed between the electrode plate and the separator. Thus, when the adhesiveness of an electrode plate and a separator is bad, the internal resistance of a battery will increase and a capacity | capacitance will fall.
(3) Since the fiber length of the glass fiber is short, there is little entanglement between the fibers, and despite the high density, the strength is low and it is easy to cut when the battery is assembled. Further, since the separator is high in density and hard, the mold is not easily attached to the electrode plate by bending, and the tension applied to the outside of the separator during bending cannot be absorbed, and the separator is likely to crack.
[0006]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and is a sealed lead-acid battery separator mainly composed of glass fiber, which has a low density, high tensile strength and high elongation, and yields a high-capacity sealed lead-acid battery. It aims at providing the separator for sealed lead acid batteries which can be manufactured well, and the sealed lead acid battery which incorporated the separator.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the present invention is a sealed lead-acid battery separator mainly composed of glass fiber . The glass fiber has a high aspect ratio with an average fiber diameter of 1 μm or less and an average aspect ratio of 3000 to 15000. Only specific ultrafine glass fibers and low aspect ratio ultrafine glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1 μm or less and an average aspect ratio of 500 or more and less than 3000 are used, and among the glass fibers, the high aspect ratio ultrafine glass fibers are 50% by weight or more. It is characterized by being.
[0008]
By using ultrafine glass fibers having an average aspect ratio (fiber length / fiber diameter) of 3000 to 15000 and having a long fiber length, the entanglement between the fibers becomes strong, the density is low, the flexibility is high, and the tensile strength is high. Can be obtained.
[0009]
In the present invention, the separator is good preferable to be composed of only a substantially fiberglass.
[0011]
Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable to set it as a low density separator with a density of about 0.13-0.16 g / cm < 3 > by using the ultra fine glass fiber of the said aspect ratio.
[0012]
In the present invention, the density refers to a density in a state where the separator is pressed and compressed in the thickness direction with a load of 19.6 kPa (20 kg / dm 2 ).
[0013]
According to such a separator of the present invention, a high strength and elastic separator having a tensile strength of 1.5 N / 10 mm 2 or more and an elongation at break of 5% or more is provided. The method for measuring the tensile strength and the elongation at break is as described in the examples described later.
[0014]
The sealed lead-acid battery of the present invention incorporates such a sealed lead-acid battery separator of the present invention, and has a high capacity and excellent battery performance.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of a separator for a sealed lead-acid battery and a sealed lead-acid battery according to the present invention will be described in detail below.
[0016]
First, the ultrafine glass fiber used in the present invention will be described.
[0017]
The ultrafine glass fiber used in the present invention is an ultrafine glass fiber having an average aspect ratio of 3000 to 15000, preferably an ultrafine glass fiber having an average aspect ratio of 8,000 to 15,000 and a long fiber length.
[0018]
When the average aspect ratio of the ultrafine glass fiber is 3000 or less, sufficient entanglement between the glass fibers cannot be obtained, and the separator can be sufficiently reduced in density, tensile strength, elongation, and flexibility can be sufficiently improved. I can't. The greater the aspect ratio, the greater the entanglement between the glass fibers, but with long glass fibers having an average aspect ratio exceeding 15000, it becomes difficult to uniformly disperse the glass fibers during papermaking, and the tensile strength decreases instead. Tend.
[0019]
The average fiber diameter of the ultrafine glass fiber is usually 1 μm or less, preferably 0.6 to 1 μm.
[0020]
Glass fibers having a large aspect ratio and a long fiber length in this way are used to produce ultrafine glass fibers by the flame spraying method (FA method) or the centrifugal force method (rotary method). It can be produced by adjusting the blowing weaving temperature and pressure at the time of fiberization to a predetermined fiber diameter and fiber length.
[0021]
Below, the manufacturing method of the ultrafine glass fiber used by this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIG.
[0022]
(1) FA Method In the FA method, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), long glass fibers are continuously spun by a roller 3 from a bushing 2 provided at the bottom of the glass melting tank 1, and the glass long fibers are burner 4 A short glass fiber is produced by blowing away while being melted by the flame. When manufacturing glass fibers by this FA method, the melting and drawing temperatures, the nozzle diameter of the bushing 2, the output of the burner 4 and the like are selected according to the temperature viscosity characteristics of the glass raw material, so that the fineness of a predetermined aspect ratio is selected. Glass fibers can be produced.
[0023]
(2) Rotary method The rotary method is a method in which molten glass is blown off from the wall of a container rotating at high speed. That is, as shown in FIG. 1B, molten glass flowing down from the melting furnace 6 is received by a rotating body (spinner 7), blown away from the spinner 7 in a radial direction, and air (or flame) is sprayed from a nozzle 8. To make ultra-fine glass fiber. By selecting the melting temperature and drawing temperature of the glass, the rotation speed of the spinner, the hole diameter of the spinner, the gas ejection speed of the nozzle, etc., it is possible to produce ultrafine glass fibers having a predetermined aspect ratio.
[0024]
Sealed lead acid battery separator of the present invention, together with ultrafine glass fiber of high aspect ratio and an average aspect ratio of from 3,000 to 15,000, less than the average aspect ratio of 3000, for example, the ultrafine glass fiber of low aspect ratio and an average aspect ratio of 500 to 2000 Use together . The combined use of such high-aspect-ratio ultrafine glass fibers and low-aspect-ratio ultrafine glass fibers is advantageous in terms of improved compression force and cost. However, in this case, the ultrafine glass fibers having an average aspect ratio of 3000 to 15000 are preferably 50% by weight or more, particularly 70% by weight or more of the glass fibers constituting the separator.
[0025]
The separator for the sealed lead-acid battery of the present invention is preferably substantially composed only of glass fibers, but may be one containing inorganic powder such as silica or synthetic fibers. However, in order to effectively exhibit the high liquid absorbency and liquid retention of the electrolyte solution due to the hydrophilicity of the glass fiber, the sealed lead-acid battery separator of the present invention does not contain these other components, It is preferable that it is comprised only with glass fiber.
[0026]
The separator for sealed lead-acid batteries of the present invention can be produced according to a conventional method by a papermaking method. In this papermaking, the pH of the papermaking water (circulated water) is usually 2 to 4, so that the glass fiber surface reacts with an acid, and the alkalinity of the glass is replaced with an acid (hydrogen). OH · H 2 O water glass is generated, and the generated water glass bonds the tangled intersections of the glass fibers.
[0027]
In addition, as a papermaking method of the glass fiber separator, a method of making the sheet paper only by entanglement of the glass fibers without generating such water glass without neutralizing the pH of the papermaking water (circulating water) has been performed. According to the method, a more flexible separator can be manufactured. However, in a separator that does not have an adhesive force due to water glass, the strength decreases, and the separator may not have the required strength. It is preferable to carry out papermaking under conditions of pH 2-4.
[0028]
The thickness of the separator itself of the present invention varies depending on the storage battery used, but is generally preferably 0.3 to 3 mm.
[0029]
According to the present invention, by using ultrafine glass fibers having a large aspect ratio, the density (at 19.6 kPa compression) is 0.13 to 0.16 g / cm 3 , particularly 0.13 to 0.15 g / cm 3. a low tensile strength as high as 1.5 N / 10 mm 2 or more, especially 2.0 N / 10 mm 2 or more, yet, that the elongation at break is to provide a separator that flexible and more than 5%, especially at least 6% it can.
[0030]
The separator of the present invention is housed in a sealed lead-acid battery container so as to separate the electrodes, thereby forming a sealed lead-acid battery.
[0031]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0032]
In the following examples and comparative examples, the glass fibers A and B used for the production of the separator are as follows.
Glass fiber A: Glass fiber having an average fiber diameter of 0.8 μm and an average aspect ratio of 5000 (contents of composition components are described in Table 1)
Glass fiber B: Glass fiber having an average fiber diameter of 0.8 μm and an average aspect ratio of 2000 (contents of composition components are described in Table 1)
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003979467
[0034]
Moreover, the measuring method of each physical property and characteristic in an Example and a comparative example is as follows.
(1) Weight per unit area (g / m 2 ): Obtained by dividing the sample mass by the sample area.
(2) Density (g / cm 3 ): Thickness T (mm) measured with the sample pressed in the thickness direction with a load of 19.6 kPa (20 kg / dm 2 ) (JISC-2202) and (1) Was calculated from the following weight per unit area W (g / m 2 ).
W / 1000T
(3) Liquid absorbency (mm / 5 min): Determined by measuring the liquid level rising in 5 minutes by immersing the lower part of the sample in dilute sulfuric acid having a specific gravity of 1.30 with the sample vertical. A large liquid absorbency indicates that the electrolyte solution permeates quickly and that the electrolyte solution retains well.
(4) Tensile strength (N / 10 mm 2 ): measured by SBA4501. A high tensile strength indicates that the separator is difficult to cut during battery assembly.
(5) Elongation at break (%): Measured by SBA4501 using “LOAD CELL AGS-5KND” manufactured by SHIMADZU. A high elongation at break indicates that the bending process at the time of assembling the battery is easy to attach to the electrode plate and is less likely to crack.
(6) Thickness retention rate when loaded (%): The thickness is measured in a state where the sample is pressed in the thickness direction with a load of 9.8 to 98 kPa (10 to 100 kg / dm 2 ), and the weight is loaded with 9.8 kPa. The relative value was determined with the hour or 19.6 kPa weight as 100%. The larger the thickness retention ratio at the time of loading, the more flexible and the better the adhesion to the electrode plate when assembling the battery.
[0035]
Example 2 , Comparative Example 1 , Comparative Example 4
As the glass fibers, those shown in Table 2 were used, and separators having the basis weight and density shown in Table 2 were produced by a paper making method (pH of paper making water (circulated water) was 2 to 4) according to a conventional method.
[0036]
Comparative Example 2
In Comparative Example 1, separators having the basis weight and density shown in Table 2 were produced in the same manner except that the paper processing water (circulated water) was neutral (pH = 7) and softened during paper making.
[0037]
Comparative Example 3
In Comparative Example 1, the glass fibers were dispersed during paper making, then the glass fibers were crushed using a pulverizer, the fiber length was shortened, and after paper making, the thickness was crushed with a roller press before the sheet was completely dried. A separator having the basis weight and density shown in Table 2 was produced in the same manner except that the density was increased.
[0038]
The physical properties and characteristics of the separators obtained in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were measured, and the results are shown in Tables 2 to 4 and FIG.
[0039]
Table 3 shows the relative values obtained when the thickness retention rate when weighted is 19.6 kPa as 100%, and Table 4 shows the thickness retention rate when weighted as 9.8 kPa as 100%. Relative value. FIG. 2 is a graph of Table 4.
[0040]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003979467
[0041]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003979467
[0042]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003979467
[0043]
From Tables 2 to 4 and FIG. 2, the separator of the present invention using ultrafine glass fibers having a large aspect ratio is low in density and excellent in liquid absorption, high in tensile strength, large in elongation, flexible and rich in elasticity. It turns out that it is a separator.
[0044]
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 using a conventional ultrafine glass fiber having an average aspect ratio of 2000 and having a density similar to that of Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 , the tensile strength is slightly deteriorated and the elongation is particularly small. It becomes. In addition, since the flexibility is insufficient, the thickness retention rate under load is large.
[0045]
In Comparative Example 2 in which flexible processing is performed using a conventional ultrafine glass fiber, the elongation rate and flexibility are increased, but the tensile strength is extremely inferior.
[0046]
Further, in Comparative Example 3 in which the density is increased by pressing using a conventional ultrafine glass fiber, the tensile strength is increased, but it is hard and inferior in flexibility.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the sealed lead-acid battery separator of the present invention has the following effects.
{Circle around (1)} Since ultra-fine glass fibers having a high aspect ratio are used, there is much entanglement between the fibers, and the density of the separator is reduced.
{Circle around (2)} Since the separator has a low density, it becomes flexible, and when it is pressed and inserted between the electrode plates, it sufficiently adheres to the electrode plate surface. For this reason, a sealed lead-acid battery having a low internal resistance can be manufactured.
{Circle around (3)} Since the fibers are entangled with each other, the tensile strength is high and the elongation rate is large. Therefore, the separator is not cut when the battery is assembled, and the separator is not cracked by bending. For this reason, a sealed lead-acid battery can be manufactured with good yield under good workability.
(4) Due to the low density, the pore diameter is large and the electrolyte solution permeates quickly. For this reason, the fall of compression force can be prevented.
{Circle around (5)} Since the porosity in the battery is high at a low density, the amount of the electrolytic solution that reacts with the active material increases, and the battery capacity can be increased.
(6) Flexible, highly compressible, and less sag.
The sealed lead-acid battery of the present invention incorporates such a sealed lead-acid battery separator of the present invention, and has a high capacity and excellent battery performance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view for explaining a method for producing ultrafine glass fibers used in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a thickness retention rate when the separators manufactured in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are loaded .

Claims (4)

ガラス繊維を主体として構成される密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータにおいて、前記ガラス繊維として、平均繊維径が1μm以下で平均アスペクト比が3000以上15000以下の高アスペクト比極細ガラス繊維と、平均繊維径が1μm以下で平均アスペクト比が500以上3000未満の低アスペクト比極細ガラス繊維のみを使用し、前記ガラス繊維のうち前記高アスペクト比極細ガラス繊維が50重量%以上であることを特徴とする密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。In the sealed lead-acid battery separator mainly composed of glass fiber, the glass fiber has a high aspect ratio ultrafine glass fiber having an average fiber diameter of 1 μm or less and an average aspect ratio of 3000 to 15000, and an average fiber diameter of 1 μm. A sealed lead-acid battery using only a low-aspect-ratio ultrafine glass fiber having an average aspect ratio of 500 or more and less than 3000, wherein the high-aspect-ratio ultrafine glass fiber is 50% by weight or more of the glass fiber. Separator for use. 請求項1において、前記低アスペクト比極細ガラス繊維の平均アスペクト比が500以上2000以下であることを特徴とする密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。2. The sealed lead-acid battery separator according to claim 1, wherein an average aspect ratio of the low-aspect-ratio ultrafine glass fiber is 500 or more and 2000 or less. 請求項1または2において、実質的にガラス繊維のみで構成されることを特徴とする密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。 3. The sealed lead-acid battery separator according to claim 1, wherein the separator is substantially composed only of glass fiber. 請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータを内蔵した密閉型鉛蓄電池。A sealed lead-acid battery incorporating the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .
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