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JP3992899B2 - Surface modified wood - Google Patents
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JP3992899B2 - Surface modified wood - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3992899B2
JP3992899B2 JP2000079551A JP2000079551A JP3992899B2 JP 3992899 B2 JP3992899 B2 JP 3992899B2 JP 2000079551 A JP2000079551 A JP 2000079551A JP 2000079551 A JP2000079551 A JP 2000079551A JP 3992899 B2 JP3992899 B2 JP 3992899B2
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Prior art keywords
wood
water
humidity control
metal alkoxide
water permeability
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JP2000079551A
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JP2001260104A5 (en
JP2001260104A (en
Inventor
浩 由井
和正 生島
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Waseda University
Musashi Engineering Inc
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Waseda University
Musashi Engineering Inc
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Publication of JP2001260104A5 publication Critical patent/JP2001260104A5/ja
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は表面改質剤およびその使用方法、特に、表面改質した木材を製造する方法に係り、特に水の浸透性が著しく小さく、しかも調湿性を有する木材を製造する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
木材は高度の力学的性質を有し、しかも調湿性を有する優れた構造材料として古くから使われてきた。しかしながら、木材は雨水に晒されると外観や力学的性質が劣化し、最後は朽ちてしまうという欠点を有する。
この欠点を改良するために木材の表面に油性ペイント、合成樹脂ペイント、フタル酸樹脂エナメル、合成樹脂エマルジョンペイントなどで塗装を施すことが一般的に行なわれている。しかし、この方法では木材特有の外観(木理や質感)が損なわれ、また調湿性も減少する。また塗装の効果は長時間持続せず、1〜3年で塗り替える必要がある。
【0003】
また、パーティクルボード、ファイバーボードなどの木質ボードの分野ではパラフィン、アスファルトなどを含浸させて耐水性を付与する方法が行なわれているが、この方法では接着強度が大幅に低下する点が問題になっている。
これに対して、ジメチルシロキサン構造を持つシリコーンオイル、シリコーンオイル粘度調整溶媒(メタノール、メチルエチルケトン、酢酸エチル、トリクロロエチレンからなる混合溶媒)、シリコーン系シラン化合物溶液、超微粒子疎水性無水シリカ、メタノールからなる溶液を木材に浸透塗布させ、自然乾燥させることによって、木材の表面に防水加工を施すことが提案されている〈特開平5−329805号〉。しかしながら、この方法を用いると木材の内部の細孔に処理剤が大量に浸入するために、木材の持つ調湿性が大幅に損なわれる。またこの方法は粘性の極めて高いシリコーンオイル、シリコーン系シラン化合物を大量に用い、これを希釈して粘性を低下させるための大量の有機溶剤を必要とするために、表面処理現場の環境汚染の懸念があり、さらに、高価なシリコーンオイル、シリコーン系シランカップリング剤を大量に用いるために経済的な制約が大きく、実用化に限界があった。
【0004】
一方、テトラエトキシシランに代表される金属アルコキシドの溶液を木材の中に含浸させ、その後金属アルコキシドを加水分解または加熱分解させてこれを不燃性の金属酸化物に変える木材処理方法が提案されている〈特開平5−278008号〉。この方法は木材の難燃化には有効であるが、木材表面の防水化にはほとんど効果を有しない。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、木材の持つ雨水などの水に晒されると劣化する欠点を改良し、しかも木材の長所である特有の外観および調湿性をできるだけ保持できる木材表面改質方法で、改質処理時の環境悪化の懸念がなく、経済的にも有利な方法を提供することである。および該方法を用いた表面改質木材を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合した反応物からなる、調湿性表面に適用してその調湿性を維持しつつ水の浸透性を著しく小さくする表面改質剤を要旨としている。
また、本発明は、調湿性を維持しつつ水の浸透性を著しく小さくする木材の表面改質法であって、表面改質剤として金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合した反応物として適用することを特徴とする方法を要旨としている。
【0007】
表面改質剤を木材に適用し、その後、該木材を加熱処理しており、その場合、本発明は、調湿性を維持しつつ水の浸透性を著しく小さくする木材の表面改質法であって、表面改質剤として金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合した反応物として適用し、その後、該木材を加熱処理することを特徴とする方法である。
【0008】
上記の反応物を含む溶液の形態で適用しており、その場合、本発明は、調湿性を維持しつつ水の浸透性を著しく小さくする木材の表面改質法であって、表面改質剤として金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合した反応物を含む溶液として適用し、好ましくはその後、該木材を加熱処理することを特徴とする方法である。
【0009】
コーティングまたは含浸することにより適用しており、その場合、本発明は、調湿性を維持しつつ水の浸透性を著しく小さくする木材の表面改質法であって、表面改質剤として金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合した反応物として、好ましくはそれを含む溶液として、コーティングまたは含浸することにより適用し、好ましくはその後、該木材を加熱処理することを特徴とする方法である。
【0010】
上記の反応物として吸水性ポリマーおよび/または無機微粒子の存在下で得た反応物を用いており、その場合、本発明は、調湿性を維持しつつ水の浸透性を著しく小さくする木材の表面改質法であって、表面改質剤として金属アルコキシドを吸水性ポリマーおよび/または無機微粒子の存在下で加水分解重縮合した反応物として、好ましくはそれを含む溶液として適用し、好ましくは、コーティングまたは含浸することにより適用し、好ましくはその後、該木材を加熱処理することを特徴とする方法である。
【0011】
また、本発明は、上記の方法によって得られる水の浸透性が著しく小さく、しかも調湿性を有する表面改質材を要旨としている。
【0012】
【発明実施の形態】
本発明に係る木材の新たな表面改質方法の好ましい態様は、金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合させた反応生成物を含む水溶液を木材にコーティングあるいは含浸させた後に加熱処理することを特徴としている。
【0013】
以下に本発明について更に詳しく説明する。
本発明は、金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合させた反応生成物を含む水溶液を、木材にコーティングあるいは含浸させた後に加熱処理することを特徴とする木材の表面改質方法および該方法によって表面改質された木材に係るものである。
本発明で用いる金属アルコキシドは、次式(1)または(2)で示される化合物である。
【化1】
M(OR)a (1)
【化2】
M(OR)n(X)a−n (2)
ここでMはSi、Al、Ti、Zr、Ca、Fe、V、Sn、Li、Be、BおよびPからなる群から選択される原子であり、Rはアルキル基であり、Xはアルキル基、官能基を含むアルキル基、またはハロゲンであり、aはMの原子価であり、nは1からaまでの整数である。上記Xとしては、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、ビニル基、またはエポキシ基を有するアルキル基が好適である。
特に好ましい金属アルコキシドとしては、Si(OC254 、Si(OCH34、Al(O−iso−C373、Ti(O−iso−C374 などが挙げられる。
【0014】
金属アルコキシドの加水分解重縮合反応は一般にゾル・ゲル法と呼ばれる反応の常法に従って行う。すなわち、金属アルコキシドを水とエタノールなどのアルコールとの混合溶媒に溶かし、触媒としての塩酸などの酸、またはアンモニアなどのアルカリを添加して、室温〜80℃の温度で撹拌しながら反応させる。
本発明において、金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合させた反応生成物を得る際に吸水性ポリマーを存在させることによって、水の浸透性がより少ない表面改質木材を得ることができる。
【0015】
用いる吸水性ポリマーは、ポリアクリル酸系、ポリビニルアルコール系、ポリ(N−ビニルアセトアミド)系、ポリアミノ酸系、ポリアクリルアミド系、ポリビニルピロリドン系、ポリヒドロキシエチルアクリレート系、ポリビニルメチルエーテル系、ポリ(イソブチレン−マレイン酸)系、ポリ(2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパン−スルホン酸)系、ポリアクロキシプロパンスルホン酸系、ポリビニルホスホン酸系、ポリビニルピリジン系、ポリエチレングリコール系、ポリエチレンイミン系などの化学合成によって得られる吸水性ポリマーおよびアルギン酸、ポリグルタミン酸、ヒアルロン酸、カゼイン、コラーゲン、デンプン、ヒドロキシルセルロース、カルゲナンおよびこれらの金属塩、エステルなどの天然物由来の吸水性ポリマーのうちいずれか一つまたはその組み合わせである。なかでもポリアクリル酸系、ポリアミノ酸系、ポリ(N−ビニルアセトアミド)系の吸水性ポリマーが好ましく、特に、ポリアクリル酸金属塩部分架橋体を主体とするポリアクリル酸系吸水性ポリマーが経済性の上でも好ましい。
【0016】
本発明において、金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合させた反応生成物を得る際に吸水性ポリマーと無機微粒子を存在させることによって、水の浸透性がさらに少ない表面改質木材を得ることができる。
用いる無機微粒子は、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、シリカ、アルミナ、酸化鉄などの金属酸化物、ベントナイト、タルク、カオリナイト、マイカ、ケイ酸カルシウム、モンモリロナイトなどのケイ酸塩、カーボンブラック、グラファイトなどの炭素化合物、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウムなどの金属水酸化物、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウムなどの金属炭酸塩、鉄粉、銅粉、アルミニウム粉、などの金属粉、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛、硫化モリブデンなどの中の一つ又はその組み合わせである。後述する金属アルコキシドの加水分解重縮合反応を行う際に触媒として塩酸などの酸を用いる場合は酸によって分解されない無機微粒子を用いる。これらの点を考慮して、酸化チタンなどの酸化物、タルク、カオリナイトなどのケイ酸塩を用いることが好ましい。用いる無機微粒子の平均粒径は1nmから10mmの間であり、特に0.1〜10μmの範囲にあるものが好ましい。無機微粒子は親油性に表面処理されていないものを用いるのが好ましい。
【0017】
金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合させた反応生成物を含む水溶液は、例えば、該溶液を入れた容器に木材を浸し、直ちに一軸駆動装置によって一定速度で木材を溶液から引き上げる方法、該溶液を木材にスプレーコーティングする方法などの各種の方法によって木材にコーティングあるいは含浸される。
【0018】
金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合させた反応生成物を含む水溶液をコーティングあるいは含浸させた木材は各種の方法によって加熱処理される。加熱の条件は温度40〜200℃、時間は10秒から10日間の範囲で目的に応じて設定される。加熱時に圧力をかけることもできる。加熱処理はオーブン、炉内で行う方法、熱風を吹きつける方法、加熱プレスする方法など各種の方法によって行なわれる。
加熱温度が高いほど表面改質木材への水の浸透性が少なくなる。但し加熱温度が高くなると木材自身の組織が変質しやすくなるので、目標とする性能見合いで最適の加熱条件を設定する。
【0019】
【作用】
本発明の方法においては、木材を、未改質の木材と同等の調湿性と特有の外観を保持したまま、水の浸透性が著しく小さくなるように表面改質することができる。
また、本発明の方法によってパーティクルボード、ファイバーボードなどの木質ボードを表面処理することによって、耐水性に優れ、しかも接着強度の低下のない集積材が得られる。
また、本発明の木材の表面改質方法は有機溶剤などの環境汚染の懸念のある物質をほとんど用いないために環境に対する負荷が極めて小さい特徴を有する。
また、本発明の表面改質方法では、親水性の化合物のみを用いて木材を表面改質することができるために、表面改質の過程で少量の化合物で効果的に木材表面を濡らすことができる点がこれまでの表面改質方法と大きく異なっている。
【0020】
【実施例】
本発明の詳細を実施例で説明する 本発明はこれらの実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
【0021】
実施例1
100mlビーカーに水11.75gにエタノール23.8g、塩化水素0.75g、テトラエトキシシラン12.5gを加えて室温で1時間攪拌した。得られた反応液に杉基材(長さ50mm、幅20mm、厚さ5mm)試験片を浸した後、ただちに一軸駆動装置によって0.91mm/秒の速度で引き上げて杉木剤の表面塗布を行った。表面塗布された杉基材をマッフル炉中で150℃で1時間加熱処理して表面改質された杉基材を得た。
得られた表面改質された杉基材について次の3種の性能試験を行った。
1.水を表面にたらした時の浸透性(目視)
2.水との接触角
3.重量の経時変化
試験結果を表1に示す。反応に用いた原料は全て親水性であるにもかかわらず、表1で明らかなように、表面が疎水化され、水の浸透性が著しく小さく、しかも木材特有の調湿性を保持した優れた表面改質木材が得られた。
【0022】
比較例1
表面改質を施さない杉基材について実施例1と同じ性能試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0023】
【表1】

Figure 0003992899
【0024】
実施例2
100mlビーカーに水11.75gとポリアクリル酸ナトリウム部分架橋体を主体とするポリアクリル酸系吸水性ポリマー粉末20mgを入れ、室温で5分間攪拌した後に、エタノール23.8g、塩化水素0.75g、テトラエトキシシラン12.5gを加えて室温で1時間攪拌した。得られた反応液にブナ基材(長さ50mm、幅20mm、厚さ5mm)試験片を浸した後、直ちに一軸駆動装置によって0.91mm/秒の速度で引き上げて杉基材の表面塗布を行った。表面塗布された杉基材をマッフル炉中で150℃で1時間加熱処理して表面改質された杉基材を得た。
得られた表面改質されたブナ基材について次の3種の瀬能試験を行った。
1.水を表面にたらした時の浸透性(目視)
2.水との接触角
3.重量の経時変化
試験結果を表2に示す。反応に用いた原料は全て親水性であるにもかかわらず、表2で明らかなように、表面が疎水化され、水の浸透性が著しく小さく、しかも木材特有の調湿性を保持した優れた表面改質木材が得られた。
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0003992899
【0026】
実施例3
100mlビーカーに水11.75gとポリアクリル酸ナトリウム部分架橋体を主体とするポリアクリル酸系吸水性ポリマー粉末20mgを入れ、室温で5分間攪拌し、さらに酸化チタン微粒子(ルチル型、平均一次粒径0.2μm)10mgを加え室温で5分間攪拌した後に、エタノール23.8g、塩化水素0.75g、テトラエトキシシラン12.5gを加えて室温で1時間攪拌した。得られた反応液に杉基材(長さ50mm、幅20mm、厚さ5mm)試験片を浸した後、直ちに一軸駆動装置によって0.91mm/秒の速度で引き上げて杉基材の表面塗布を行った。表面塗布された杉基材をマッフル炉中で各種温度で1時間加熱処理して表面改質された杉基材を得た。
得られた表面改質されたブナ基材について次の3種の瀬能試験を行った。
1.水を表面にたらした時の浸透性(目視)
2.水との接触角
3.重量の経時変化
試験結果を表3に示す。反応に用いた原料は全て親水性であるにもかかわらず、表3で明らかなように、表面が疎水化され、水の浸透性が著しく小さく、しかも木材特有の調湿性を保持した優れた表見改質木材が得られた。
【0027】
比較例2
表面改質を施さない杉基材について実施例2と同じ性能試験を行った。結果を表3に示す。
【0028】
【表3】
Figure 0003992899
【0029】
実施例4
木材繊維とユリア・メラニン樹脂とを混合して厚さ9mm、90cm角のミディアムデンシティーファイバーボード(MDF)を製造する際に、予備プレスして得た基材ボードに、実施例3と同じ方法で作成したポリアクリル酸系吸水性ポリマーと酸化チタン微粒子の存在下でテトラエトキシシランを加水分解重縮合させた反応生成物をスプレー法でコーティングした後に、180℃で10分間ホットプレスして表面改質したMDFを得た。得られた表面改質MDFは、通常のMDFとは異なり水を滴下しても水が内部に浸透せず、また水に1昼夜浸積した後に測定した曲げ強度の低下も著しく少なかった。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
調湿性表面に適用してその調湿性を維持しつつ水の浸透性を著しく小さくする表面改質剤を提供することができる。
木材の持つ雨水などの水に晒されると劣化する欠点を改良し、しかも木材の長所である特有の外観および調湿性をできるだけ保持できる木材表面改質法を提供することができる。
有機溶剤などの環境汚染の懸念のある物質をほとんど用いないために環境に対する負荷が極めて小さい表面改質方法を提供することができる。
親水性の化合物のみを用いて木材を表面改質することができるために、表面改質の過程で少量の化合物で効果的に木材表面を濡らすことができる点がこれまでの表面改質方法と大きく異なっている表面改質方法を提供することができる。
未改質の木材と同等の調湿性と特有の外観を保持したまま、水の浸透性が著しく小さくなるように表面改質した木材を提供することができる。
耐水性に優れ、しかも接着強度の低下のないパーティクルボード、ファイバーボードなどの木質ボード、集積材を提供することができる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a surface modifier and a method of using the same, and more particularly to a method of producing a surface-modified wood, and more particularly to a method of producing wood having extremely low water permeability and humidity control.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Wood has long been used as an excellent structural material having a high degree of mechanical properties and humidity control. However, when wood is exposed to rainwater, its appearance and mechanical properties deteriorate, and eventually it has a drawback of decaying.
In order to improve this defect, it is common practice to apply oil paint, synthetic resin paint, phthalate resin enamel, synthetic resin emulsion paint, etc. to the surface of wood. However, this method impairs the appearance (wood texture and texture) peculiar to wood and also reduces humidity control. Also, the effect of painting does not last for a long time, and it is necessary to repaint in 1 to 3 years.
[0003]
Also, in the field of wood boards such as particle boards and fiber boards, there is a method of impregnating paraffin and asphalt to give water resistance, but this method has a problem in that the adhesive strength is greatly reduced. ing.
On the other hand, silicone oil having a dimethylsiloxane structure, silicone oil viscosity adjusting solvent (mixed solvent consisting of methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate and trichloroethylene), silicone silane compound solution, ultrafine hydrophobic anhydrous silica, solution consisting of methanol It has been proposed to waterproof the surface of wood by applying it to wood and letting it dry naturally (JP-A-5-329805). However, when this method is used, a large amount of the treatment agent penetrates into the pores inside the wood, so that the humidity control property of the wood is greatly impaired. In addition, this method uses a large amount of highly viscous silicone oil and silicone-based silane compound and requires a large amount of organic solvent to dilute and reduce the viscosity. Furthermore, since expensive silicone oils and silicone-based silane coupling agents are used in large quantities, there are significant economic restrictions and there has been a limit to practical use.
[0004]
On the other hand, a wood treatment method is proposed in which a solution of metal alkoxide represented by tetraethoxysilane is impregnated into wood, and then the metal alkoxide is hydrolyzed or thermally decomposed to convert it into a nonflammable metal oxide. <JP-A-5-278008>. This method is effective for making flame-resistant wood, but has little effect on waterproofing the wood surface.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is a method for modifying the surface of a wood, which improves the disadvantages of wood that deteriorates when exposed to water such as rainwater, and can retain the characteristic appearance and humidity control properties of wood as much as possible. It is to provide a method that is economically advantageous without fear of environmental deterioration at the time. And providing surface modified wood using the method.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention is a surface modifier comprising a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of a metal alkoxide, which is applied to a humidity-controlling surface and maintains the humidity-controlling property while significantly reducing water permeability.
The present invention also relates to a method for modifying the surface of wood that maintains moisture conditioning while significantly reducing water permeability, and is applied as a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of a metal alkoxide as a surface modifier. The featured method is summarized.
[0007]
The surface modifier is applied to the wood, and then the wood is heat-treated. In this case, the present invention is a method for modifying the surface of wood that significantly reduces water permeability while maintaining humidity control. In this method, the metal alkoxide is applied as a reaction product obtained by hydrolysis and polycondensation as a surface modifier, and then the wood is heat-treated.
[0008]
The present invention is applied in the form of a solution containing the above-mentioned reactant, and in this case, the present invention is a method for modifying the surface of a wood that significantly reduces water permeability while maintaining humidity control, As a solution containing a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of a metal alkoxide, and preferably, after that, the wood is heat-treated.
[0009]
The present invention is applied by coating or impregnation, and in this case, the present invention is a method for surface modification of wood that significantly reduces water permeability while maintaining humidity control, wherein metal alkoxide is used as a surface modifier. It is a method characterized in that it is applied as a hydrolyzed polycondensed reactant, preferably as a solution containing it, by coating or impregnation, and preferably afterwards the wood is heat-treated.
[0010]
A reaction product obtained in the presence of a water-absorbing polymer and / or inorganic fine particles is used as the reaction product, and in this case, the present invention provides a surface of wood that significantly reduces water permeability while maintaining humidity control. A modification method, wherein a metal alkoxide as a surface modifier is applied as a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation in the presence of a water-absorbing polymer and / or inorganic fine particles, preferably as a solution containing the same, preferably a coating Alternatively, the method is characterized in that the method is characterized by applying by impregnation and preferably heat-treating the wood thereafter.
[0011]
In addition, the gist of the present invention is a surface modifying material having extremely low water permeability obtained by the above-described method and having moisture conditioning properties.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the new surface modification method for wood according to the present invention is characterized in that the wood is coated or impregnated with an aqueous solution containing a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of a metal alkoxide and then heat-treated.
[0013]
The present invention will be described in more detail below.
The present invention relates to a method for surface modification of wood characterized in that an aqueous solution containing a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of metal alkoxide is coated or impregnated on wood and then heat-treated, and surface modification by the method It is related to the finished wood.
The metal alkoxide used in the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2).
[Chemical 1]
M (OR) a (1)
[Chemical 2]
M (OR) n (X) a-n (2)
Here, M is an atom selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Ti, Zr, Ca, Fe, V, Sn, Li, Be, B and P, R is an alkyl group, X is an alkyl group, An alkyl group containing a functional group, or halogen; a is the valence of M; and n is an integer from 1 to a. As said X, the alkyl group which has a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a vinyl group, or an epoxy group is suitable.
Particularly preferred metal alkoxides include Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 , Si (OCH 3 ) 4 , Al (O-iso-C 3 H 7 ) 3 , Ti (O-iso-C 3 H 7 ) 4 and the like. Can be mentioned.
[0014]
The hydrolysis polycondensation reaction of metal alkoxide is generally carried out according to a conventional method called a sol-gel method. That is, a metal alkoxide is dissolved in a mixed solvent of water and an alcohol such as ethanol, an acid such as hydrochloric acid or an alkali such as ammonia is added as a catalyst, and the reaction is performed at a temperature of room temperature to 80 ° C. with stirring.
In the present invention, a surface-modified wood with less water permeability can be obtained by the presence of a water-absorbing polymer when a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of a metal alkoxide is obtained.
[0015]
The water-absorbing polymer used is polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, poly (N-vinylacetamide), polyamino acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, polyvinyl methyl ether, poly (isobutylene) -Chemical synthesis of maleic acid), poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid), polyacryloxypropanesulfonic acid, polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyvinylpyridine, polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, etc. The resulting water-absorbing polymer and water-absorbing water derived from natural products such as alginic acid, polyglutamic acid, hyaluronic acid, casein, collagen, starch, hydroxylcellulose, cargenan and their metal salts and esters It is any one or a combination Of Rimmer. Of these, polyacrylic acid-based, polyamino acid-based, and poly (N-vinylacetamide) -based water-absorbing polymers are preferable. Particularly, polyacrylic acid-based water-absorbing polymers mainly composed of polyacrylic acid metal salt partially crosslinked products are economical. Is also preferable.
[0016]
In the present invention, when a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of a metal alkoxide is obtained, a surface-modified wood having further less water permeability can be obtained by allowing a water-absorbing polymer and inorganic fine particles to be present.
The inorganic fine particles used are metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, silica, alumina, iron oxide, silicates such as bentonite, talc, kaolinite, mica, calcium silicate, montmorillonite, carbon such as carbon black, graphite. Compound, metal hydroxide such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, metal carbonate such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, metal powder such as iron powder, copper powder and aluminum powder, potassium titanate, lead zirconate titanate , Molybdenum sulfide or the like, or a combination thereof. In the case of using an acid such as hydrochloric acid as a catalyst when performing a hydrolysis polycondensation reaction of a metal alkoxide described later, inorganic fine particles that are not decomposed by the acid are used. Considering these points, it is preferable to use oxides such as titanium oxide and silicates such as talc and kaolinite. The average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles to be used is between 1 nm and 10 mm, and those in the range of 0.1 to 10 μm are particularly preferable. It is preferable to use inorganic fine particles that are not lipophilically surface-treated.
[0017]
An aqueous solution containing a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of a metal alkoxide is, for example, a method in which wood is immersed in a container containing the solution, and the wood is immediately lifted from the solution at a constant speed by a uniaxial driving device. Wood is coated or impregnated by various methods such as spray coating.
[0018]
Wood coated or impregnated with an aqueous solution containing a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of metal alkoxide is heat-treated by various methods. The heating conditions are set according to the purpose in the temperature range of 40 to 200 ° C. and the time in the range of 10 seconds to 10 days. Pressure can also be applied during heating. The heat treatment is performed by various methods such as an oven, a method in a furnace, a method of blowing hot air, and a method of hot pressing.
The higher the heating temperature, the lower the water permeability into the surface-modified wood. However, as the heating temperature rises, the structure of the wood itself tends to be altered, so optimal heating conditions are set according to the target performance.
[0019]
[Action]
In the method of the present invention, the surface of the wood can be modified so that the water permeability is remarkably reduced while maintaining the humidity control and characteristic appearance equivalent to those of the unmodified wood.
Further, by subjecting a wooden board such as particle board or fiber board to surface treatment by the method of the present invention, an integrated material having excellent water resistance and no reduction in adhesive strength can be obtained.
In addition, the method for modifying the surface of wood according to the present invention has a feature that the load on the environment is extremely small because a substance having a concern about environmental pollution such as an organic solvent is hardly used.
In addition, since the surface modification method of the present invention can modify the surface of wood using only hydrophilic compounds, the surface of the wood can be effectively wetted with a small amount of compounds during the surface modification process. This is very different from conventional surface modification methods.
[0020]
【Example】
The details of the present invention will be described with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0021]
Example 1
In a 100 ml beaker, 23.8 g of ethanol, 0.75 g of hydrogen chloride, and 12.5 g of tetraethoxysilane were added to 11.75 g of water and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After immersing a test piece of cedar base material (length: 50 mm, width: 20 mm, thickness: 5 mm) in the obtained reaction solution, it was immediately pulled up at a rate of 0.91 mm / second by a uniaxial driving device and surface coating of cedar wood was performed. It was. The surface-coated cedar base material was heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour in a muffle furnace to obtain a surface-modified cedar base material.
The following three types of performance tests were performed on the obtained surface-modified cedar base material.
1. Penetration when water is applied to the surface (visual)
2. 2. Contact angle with water Table 1 shows the results of weight change over time. Although the raw materials used for the reaction are all hydrophilic, as shown in Table 1, the surface is hydrophobized, the water permeability is extremely small, and the excellent moisture control characteristic of wood is maintained. Modified wood was obtained.
[0022]
Comparative Example 1
The same performance test as in Example 1 was performed on the cedar base material that was not subjected to surface modification. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0023]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003992899
[0024]
Example 2
In a 100 ml beaker, 11.75 g of water and 20 mg of a polyacrylic acid-based water-absorbing polymer powder mainly composed of a sodium polyacrylate partially cross-linked product were added and stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then 23.8 g of ethanol, 0.75 g of hydrogen chloride, 12.5 g of tetraethoxysilane was added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After immersing a beech base material (length 50 mm, width 20 mm, thickness 5 mm) test piece in the obtained reaction solution, immediately raise the surface of the cedar base by pulling it up at a speed of 0.91 mm / second by a uniaxial driving device. went. The surface-coated cedar base material was heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour in a muffle furnace to obtain a surface-modified cedar base material.
The following three types of Noh tests were performed on the obtained surface-modified beech base material.
1. Penetration when water is applied to the surface (visual)
2. 2. Contact angle with water Table 2 shows the results of weight change over time. Although the raw materials used for the reaction are all hydrophilic, as shown in Table 2, the surface is hydrophobized, the water permeability is extremely small, and the excellent moisture-controllability characteristic of wood is maintained. Modified wood was obtained.
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003992899
[0026]
Example 3
In a 100 ml beaker, 11.75 g of water and 20 mg of a polyacrylic acid-based water-absorbing polymer powder mainly composed of a sodium polyacrylate partially crosslinked product were added, stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, and further fine titanium oxide particles (rutile type, average primary particle size). After adding 10 mg of 0.2 μm) and stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes, 23.8 g of ethanol, 0.75 g of hydrogen chloride, and 12.5 g of tetraethoxysilane were added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After dipping a cedar base material (length 50 mm, width 20 mm, thickness 5 mm) test piece in the obtained reaction solution, the surface of the cedar base material was immediately pulled up at a speed of 0.91 mm / second by a uniaxial driving device. went. The surface-coated cedar base was heat-treated at various temperatures for 1 hour in a muffle furnace to obtain a surface-modified cedar base.
The following three types of Noh tests were performed on the obtained surface-modified beech base material.
1. Penetration when water is applied to the surface (visual)
2. 2. Contact angle with water Table 3 shows the results of weight change over time. Although the raw materials used for the reaction are all hydrophilic, as shown in Table 3, the surface is hydrophobized, the water permeability is extremely small, and the excellent moisture control characteristic of wood is maintained. Apparently modified wood was obtained.
[0027]
Comparative Example 2
The same performance test as in Example 2 was performed on the cedar base material not subjected to surface modification. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0028]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003992899
[0029]
Example 4
The same method as in Example 3 was applied to the base board obtained by pre-pressing when 9 mm thick and 90 cm square medium density fiber board (MDF) was produced by mixing wood fiber and urea melanin resin. After coating the reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane in the presence of the polyacrylic acid-based water-absorbing polymer and titanium oxide fine particles prepared by the spray method, hot press at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes to improve the surface. A quality MDF was obtained. Unlike the normal MDF, the obtained surface-modified MDF did not penetrate into the inside even when water was dropped, and the decrease in bending strength measured after being immersed in water for one day was extremely small.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
It is possible to provide a surface modifier that can be applied to a humidity control surface to significantly reduce water permeability while maintaining the humidity control property.
It is possible to provide a method for modifying the surface of a wood, which can improve a defect that is deteriorated when exposed to water such as rainwater of wood and can maintain the characteristic appearance and humidity control properties as good as possible.
Since almost no substances that are likely to cause environmental pollution such as organic solvents are used, it is possible to provide a surface modification method with an extremely low environmental load.
Since the surface of wood can be modified using only hydrophilic compounds, the surface of wood can be effectively wetted with a small amount of compound during the surface modification process. It is possible to provide surface modification methods that differ greatly.
It is possible to provide a wood whose surface has been modified so that the water permeability is significantly reduced while maintaining humidity control and a specific appearance equivalent to those of unmodified wood.
It is possible to provide a wooden board such as particle board or fiber board, which has excellent water resistance and does not have a decrease in adhesive strength, and an integrated material.

Claims (6)

吸水性ポリマーおよび/または無機微粒子の存在下で金属アルコキシドを加水分解重縮合した反応物からなる、調湿性表面に適用してその調湿性を維持しつつ水の浸透性を著しく小さくする木材の表面改質剤。The surface of wood made of a reaction product obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of a metal alkoxide in the presence of a water-absorbing polymer and / or inorganic fine particles, which is applied to a humidity control surface and maintains its humidity control property while significantly reducing water permeability. Modifier. その調湿性を維持しつつ水の浸透性を著しく小さくする木材の表面改質法であって、表面改質剤として金属アルコキシドを吸水性ポリマーおよび/または無機微粒子の存在下で加水分解重縮合した反応物として適用することを特徴とする方法。A method for modifying the surface of wood that maintains its humidity control properties while significantly reducing water permeability, and hydrolytically polycondensates metal alkoxide as a surface modifier in the presence of water-absorbing polymer and / or inorganic fine particles . Applying as a reactant. 上記の反応物を含む溶液の形態で適用する請求項の木材の表面改質法。The wood surface modification method according to claim 2 , which is applied in the form of a solution containing the reactant. コーティングまたは含浸することにより適用する請求項2または3の木材の表面改質法。The method for modifying the surface of wood according to claim 2 or 3 , which is applied by coating or impregnation. 表面改質剤を木材に適用し、その後、加熱処理することを特徴とする請求項2ないし4のいずれかの調湿性表面改質法。5. The humidity-controllable surface modification method according to claim 2, wherein the surface modification agent is applied to wood and then heat-treated. 請求項2ないし5のいずれかの方法によって得られる水の浸透性が著しく小さく、しかも調湿性を有する表面改質材。A surface modifying material having a significantly low water permeability obtained by the method according to any one of claims 2 to 5 and having a humidity control property.
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