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JP3995122B2 - Nitrogen oxide removal catalyst - Google Patents
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JP3995122B2 - Nitrogen oxide removal catalyst - Google Patents

Nitrogen oxide removal catalyst Download PDF

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JP3995122B2
JP3995122B2 JP04798897A JP4798897A JP3995122B2 JP 3995122 B2 JP3995122 B2 JP 3995122B2 JP 04798897 A JP04798897 A JP 04798897A JP 4798897 A JP4798897 A JP 4798897A JP 3995122 B2 JP3995122 B2 JP 3995122B2
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Prior art keywords
catalyst
oxygen
palladium
nitrogen oxide
oxide
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JPH10244159A (en
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啓 前田
剛司 増田
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株式会社新エィシーイー
財団法人日本自動車研究所
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、内燃機関の排ガス中の窒素酸化物を除去するための触媒に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、排ガス中のNOx除去は一般のガソリンエンジンの場合、その排ガスを三元触媒に導入することにより行われているが、ディーゼルエンジンやリーンバーンエンジン等の場合には排ガス中の酸素量が多いために三元触媒が使用できない。そのために、三元触媒とは原理が異なる触媒を用いる必要がある。
【0003】
NOxを除去する理想的な反応としては(1)式で示すNOの直接分解がある。
【0004】
2NO→N2 +O2 …(1)
(1)式の反応を行わせようとする触媒は、ゼオライトに銅を担持した触媒、酸化コバルトを担体とした触媒、ペロブスカイト構造体であるLaSrCoO触媒等が考案されている(浜田秀昭:NOの直接分解、PETEROTECH、Vol.19、No.10、42〜43頁(1995)、内島俊雄:触媒捜し、Vol.18、No.3、132〜139頁(1980))。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の触媒においては、(1)式の反応では生成した酸素が触媒活性点に優先的に吸着するために分解反応活性が低下し、さらに反応系内に過剰な酸素が存在する条件(酸素過剰雰囲気)、例えばディーゼル排ガス条件では完全に反応が阻害されてしまう。そのため、NOx直接分解触媒の活性は低い。
【0006】
また、NOxを酸素存在下で還元剤を用いて浄化する方法が多数提案されているが、これら還元剤を添加することは燃費を悪化させる。そのため、還元剤を必要とする触媒は酸素過剰雰囲気下でのNOx触媒として有利ではない。
以上のように酸素過剰雰囲気において、NOx浄化反応に有効な触媒は未だ完成されていない。
【0007】
本発明は、上記問題を解決するものであって、酸素過剰雰囲気下であっても還元剤を使用せずに、高いNOx分解活性を有する窒素酸化物除去触媒を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そのために本発明の窒素酸化物除去触媒は、ビスマス、ストロンチウム、カルシウム及び銅から成る複酸化物にパラジウムを担持したことを特徴とする。
なお、NOx分解活性に有効なパラジウムの担持量は0.01〜0.5wt%である。
【0009】
本発明においては、温度変化と共に排ガス中のNOxがパラジウムを経由し、担体中に吸収−脱離する仮定で、分解反応を引き起こす。その結果として酸素存在下においてもNOx浄化性能が発現する。また、吸収−脱離挙動は温度変化により生じることから、吸収挙動においてNOxを蓄積し、脱離時に別処理(例えば還元ガスによる処理)でNOxを除去することも可能である。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。本発明の窒素酸化物除去触媒は、例えば、酸化ビスマス(Bi2 3 )、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3 )、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3 )、酸化銅(CuO)粉末を混合、882℃で20分、872℃で9時間焼成して、Bi−Sr−Ca−Cu系複酸化物を調製し、その複酸化物に硝酸パラジウム(Pd(NO3 2 )を出発塩とし、含浸法でパラジウム(Pd)を担持後、500℃水素処理1時間、空気中700℃で3時間焼成を行う。
【0011】
次に、本発明の実施例、比較例について説明する。
[実施例1]
酸化ビスマス(Bi2 3 )、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3 )、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3 )、酸化銅(CuO)粉末を混合、882℃で20分、872℃で9時間焼成して、Bi−Sr−Ca−Cu系複酸化物を調製し、その複酸化物に硝酸パラジウム(Pd(NO3 2 )を出発塩とし、含浸法でパラジウム(Pd)を0.1%担持後、500℃水素処理1時間、空気中700℃で3時間焼成を行った触媒No.1を調製し、性能評価試験をおこなった。
【0012】
性能評価試験は、触媒10gをヘリウムベースのNOガス(流速358ml/min、NO濃度654ppm)中に配置し、25〜800℃まで4℃/minの速度で昇温しながら、出口NOx濃度、窒素および酸素濃度を測定した。
【0013】
図1は、実施例1における性能評価試験結果を示し、AはNOX転換率の曲線を示しBは酸素濃度の曲線を示している。温度がおよそ300℃前後において、NOxがパラジウムを経由し、担体中に吸収−脱離する仮定で、分解反応を引き起こし、分解された酸素は担体から脱離されない。その結果として酸素存在下においてもNOx浄化性能が発現し、温度300℃でNOX転換率が14%と高いNOx分解活性を得ることができる。
【0014】
[実施例2]
Pd担持量を0.5%にした以外は実施例1と同様にして触媒No.2を調製し、上記条件で反応実験を行った。
【0015】
[比較例1]
実施例1の担体にPdを担持しないで触媒Aとし、上記条件で反応実験を行った。
【0016】
[比較例2]
Pd担持量を0.005%にした以外は実施例1と同様にして触媒Bを調製し、上記条件で反応実験を行った。
【0017】
[比較例3]
Pd担持量を1.0%にした以外は実施例1と同様にして触媒Cを調製し、上記条件で反応実験を行った。
【0018】
上記実施例1、2及び比較例1〜3について性能評価を行った結果を表1に示す。表1は、実際のエンジンで一般的な排気温度に相当する300℃におけるNOX転換率を示し、(1)式に基づいて
NOX転換率=(2×出口N2濃度/入口NO濃度)×100(%)
により計算している。
【0019】

Figure 0003995122
上記表で示すように、パラジウムを担持しない場合には、NOx分解活性は全く有さず、NOx分解活性に有効なパラジウムの担持量は0.01〜0.5wt%であることが判る。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明によれば、ビスマス、ストロンチウム、カルシウム及び銅から成る複酸化物にパラジウムを担持した触媒は、酸素過剰雰囲気下で還元剤を使用せずに、高いNOx分解活性を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明による性能評価試験結果を示し、温度変化に対するNOX転換率と酸素濃度を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, NO x removal in exhaust gas is performed by introducing the exhaust gas into a three-way catalyst in the case of a general gasoline engine, but in the case of a diesel engine, lean burn engine, etc., the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas is reduced. Three-way catalyst cannot be used because there are many. Therefore, it is necessary to use a catalyst having a principle different from that of the three-way catalyst.
[0003]
As an ideal reaction for removing NO x , there is a direct decomposition of NO represented by the formula (1).
[0004]
2NO → N 2 + O 2 (1)
Catalysts intended to carry out the reaction of formula (1) have been devised, such as a catalyst in which copper is supported on zeolite, a catalyst using cobalt oxide as a carrier, a LaSrCoO catalyst having a perovskite structure (Hideaki Hamada: NO Direct decomposition, PETEROTECH, Vol. 19, No. 10, pp. 42-43 (1995), Toshio Uchijima: Catalyst search, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 132-139 (1980)).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional catalyst described above, in the reaction of the formula (1), the generated oxygen is preferentially adsorbed on the catalyst active site, so that the decomposition reaction activity is reduced, and further, there is a condition that excessive oxygen exists in the reaction system. (Oxygen-excess atmosphere), for example, diesel exhaust conditions, the reaction is completely inhibited. Therefore, the activity of the NO x directly decomposition catalyst is low.
[0006]
A number of methods for purifying NO x using a reducing agent in the presence of oxygen have been proposed, but the addition of these reducing agents deteriorates fuel consumption. Therefore, a catalyst that requires a reducing agent is not advantageous as a NO x catalyst in an oxygen-excess atmosphere.
As described above, a catalyst effective for NO x purification reaction in an oxygen-excess atmosphere has not yet been completed.
[0007]
The present invention solves the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a nitrogen oxide removal catalyst having high NO x decomposition activity without using a reducing agent even in an oxygen-excess atmosphere. .
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the nitrogen oxide removing catalyst of the present invention is characterized in that palladium is supported on a double oxide composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium and copper.
Note that the supported amount of palladium effective for NO x decomposition activity is 0.01 to 0.5 wt%.
[0009]
In the present invention, the decomposition reaction is caused on the assumption that NO x in the exhaust gas is absorbed and desorbed in the support through the palladium along with the temperature change. As a result, NO x purification performance is exhibited even in the presence of oxygen. Moreover, absorption - since the desorption behavior caused by the temperature change, the NO x accumulated in the absorption behavior, it is also possible to remove the NO x in a separate process (e.g., treatment with a reducing gas) when desorption.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The nitrogen oxide removal catalyst of the present invention is, for example, bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), Strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), and copper oxide (CuO) powder are mixed, baked at 882 ° C. for 20 minutes, and at 872 ° C. for 9 hours, and Bi—Sr—Ca—Cu based double oxidation After preparing palladium oxide (Pd (NO 3 ) 2 ) as a starting salt in the double oxide and supporting palladium (Pd) by impregnation method, hydrogen treatment at 500 ° C. for 1 hour, and at 700 ° C. in air for 3 hours. Firing is performed.
[0011]
Next, examples of the present invention and comparative examples will be described.
[Example 1]
Bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), Strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), and copper oxide (CuO) powder are mixed, baked at 882 ° C. for 20 minutes, and at 872 ° C. for 9 hours, and Bi—Sr—Ca—Cu based double oxidation After preparing palladium oxide (Pd (NO 3 ) 2 ) as a starting salt in the double oxide, 0.1% palladium (Pd) was supported by impregnation method, followed by hydrogen treatment at 500 ° C. for 1 hour in air 700 Catalyst No. baked at 3 ° C. for 3 hours 1 was prepared and a performance evaluation test was conducted.
[0012]
Performance evaluation test, the catalyst 10g helium-based NO gas (flow rate 358 ml / min, NO concentration 654Ppm) was placed in, while raising the temperature at a rate of 4 ° C. / min up to 25 to 800 ° C., the outlet concentration of NO x, Nitrogen and oxygen concentrations were measured.
[0013]
FIG. 1 shows the performance evaluation test results in Example 1, A shows a curve of NO x conversion rate, and B shows a curve of oxygen concentration. At a temperature of about 300 ° C., NO x is absorbed and desorbed into the support via palladium, causing a decomposition reaction, and the decomposed oxygen is not desorbed from the support. The results are also the NO x purification performance is expressed in the presence of oxygen as, NO X conversion at a temperature 300 ° C. can be obtained 14% and higher NO x decomposition activity.
[0014]
[Example 2]
Except that the amount of Pd supported was 0.5%, the catalyst No. 2 was prepared and a reaction experiment was conducted under the above conditions.
[0015]
[Comparative Example 1]
A reaction experiment was conducted under the above conditions using Catalyst A without supporting Pd on the carrier of Example 1.
[0016]
[Comparative Example 2]
Catalyst B was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of Pd supported was 0.005%, and a reaction experiment was performed under the above conditions.
[0017]
[Comparative Example 3]
Catalyst C was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of Pd supported was 1.0%, and a reaction experiment was performed under the above conditions.
[0018]
Table 1 shows the results of performance evaluation for Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Table 1 shows the NO x conversion rate at 300 ° C. corresponding to a general exhaust temperature in an actual engine, and NO x conversion rate = (2 × outlet N 2 concentration / inlet NO concentration) based on the equation (1). × 100 (%)
It is calculated by.
[0019]
Figure 0003995122
As shown in the above Table, when palladium is not supported is, NO x decomposition activity is no at all, the amount of supported active palladium NO x decomposition activity is seen to be 0.01-0.5% .
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, a catalyst in which palladium is supported on a double oxide composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, and copper has a high NO without using a reducing agent in an oxygen-excess atmosphere. x Degradation activity can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of a performance evaluation test according to the present invention, showing NO x conversion rate and oxygen concentration with respect to temperature change.

Claims (2)

ビスマス、ストロンチウム、カルシウム及び銅から成複酸化物にパラジウムを担持したことを特徴とする窒素酸化物除去触媒。Bismuth, strontium, nitrogen oxide removing catalyst, wherein the carrying palladium for forming Ru composite oxide of calcium and copper. 上記パラジウムの担持量は0.01〜0.5wt%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の窒素酸化物除去触媒。The catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides according to claim 1, wherein the supported amount of palladium is 0.01 to 0.5 wt%.
JP04798897A 1997-03-03 1997-03-03 Nitrogen oxide removal catalyst Expired - Fee Related JP3995122B2 (en)

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JP3995122B2 true JP3995122B2 (en) 2007-10-24

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CN114247471B (en) * 2021-12-30 2023-10-31 大连海事大学 A catalyst for NOx decomposition and denitrification and its preparation method and application

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