JP3995403B2 - Adsorbent design method - Google Patents
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- JP3995403B2 JP3995403B2 JP2000231659A JP2000231659A JP3995403B2 JP 3995403 B2 JP3995403 B2 JP 3995403B2 JP 2000231659 A JP2000231659 A JP 2000231659A JP 2000231659 A JP2000231659 A JP 2000231659A JP 3995403 B2 JP3995403 B2 JP 3995403B2
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 89
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000329 molecular dynamics simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004510 Lennard-Jones potential Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003121 nonmonotonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は,クリーンルームまたは環境浄化機能をもった基板搬送容器用の吸着材フィルタを開発するための、吸着材の最適な設計方法、特に細孔構造の設計方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
半導体デバイスの微細化、高集積化に伴い、クリーンルーム内に存在する微量のガス状不純物が大きな問題となっている。このガス状不純物は外気からの侵入だけでなく、クリーンルームの構成部材や内部で使用されるプラスチック容器からも発生する。これらの不純物は半導体ウエーハなどの表面に付着すると、絶縁酸化膜の耐圧不良やレジスト膜の密着不良などのトラブルが発生するため、ウエハなどの表面における分子・原子オーダの清浄度が要求されている。また、この問題は、クリーンルーム内に限らず、基板搬送容器内においても起こる。従って、半導体製造工場のクリーンルーム及び基板搬送容器における環境浄化技術の役割がますます重要になっている。
【0003】
クリーンルーム内や基板搬送容器内の汚染物質は、粒子状汚染物質とガス状有機汚染物質に大別される。前者に対してはULPAもしくはHEPAフィルタがよく使われている。後者に対してはケミカルフィルタが使用されている。ケミカルフィルタユニットは一般にイオン交換体などの化学的吸着材と活性炭などの物理的吸着材とから構成される。前者はアンモニアのような塩基性ガスおよび塩化水素などの酸性ガスを除去する役割を分担し、後者は極性のない有機汚染物質を除去する。
【0004】
基板表面に吸着する有機物は、環境濃度に比例しない。つまり、環境濃度が極めて低くても基板上に吸着する有機成分もあれば、環境濃度が比較的高くても基板上に吸着しにくい有機成分もある。そのため、特定の有機化合物を完全に除去できる吸着材をいかに選択するかが求められている。このためには、個々の特定の有機物質に対して、その都度種々の種類の活性炭吸着材によって吸着試験を行い、最適の種類の活性炭を見出すという作業が必要であるが、これは多大な労力と手間がかかり、作業コストの増大につながる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は,上述の事情に鑑み,クリーンルームまたは環境浄化機能をもった基板搬送容器内のガス状有機汚染物を除去する高性能の吸着材フィルタを提供するために、分子動力学解析法によって、特定の有機汚染物質に対して優れた吸着性を有する吸着材を設計する方法を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、有機汚染分子が吸着材細孔内に吸着される過程を分子動力学に解析する方法について鋭意研究した結果、以下のような方法によって、特定の有機汚染物質(吸着質)に対して優れた吸着性を有する吸着材を選択することができることを見出した。即ち、本発明に係る特定の吸着質に対する吸着材の吸着性能を分子動力学的に解析する方法は、以下の工程:
(1)対象となる吸着質の有機分子の解析モデルを作成し;
(2)吸着材の細孔モデルを構築し;
(3)有機分子吸着質の吸着材への吸着過程をシミュレートし;
(4)吸着材細孔内における吸着質の挙動を視覚的に表し;
(5)吸着系の吸着エネルギーを求めて、選択された特定の吸着質に対する吸着材の吸着性能を見積もる;
を包含することを特徴とする。
【0007】
以下に本発明を更に詳述する。なお、以下の説明においては、便宜上、活性炭吸着材を例にとって説明する。
本発明において対象となる吸着質とは、吸着状態を評価したい対象の有機物質であればどんなものでもよいが、例えば、アルカン類、芳香族炭化水素、脂肪族炭化水素、含酸素化合物、塩素系炭化水素などの有機物があげられる。吸着質の数は、評価したい状態に応じて、1個または一個以上に設定できる。
【0008】
モデルとなる活性炭吸着材は、黒鉛単位結晶の集まりで、その単位結晶は単層の6員環炭素壁から構成されると考える。単位結晶の細孔形状は、難黒鉛化性の構造に対応するトンネル状炭素細孔、および易黒鉛化性炭素構造に対応する2つの炭素壁からなるスリット状細孔のいずれかである。
【0009】
本発明による解析方法においては、吸着質の初期位置は、活性炭吸着材の基本セル内の中心に設定する。炭素原子と吸着質との分子間力はLennard-Jones (12-6)ポテンシャルで表すことができる。吸着質分子内部の力は次のポテンシャルで表すことができる。
【0010】
【式1】
【0011】
式(1)において、右辺の前3つの項は、それぞれ、吸着質分子における隣接する自由度を持つ分子間の結合伸縮、結合角、およびねじれ角による結合ポテンシャルを表す。各記号は、それぞれ、rは分子間距離;r0は平衡結合距離;krはばね定数;θは分子間結合角度;θ0は平衡結合角;kθは結合角の力の定数;を表し、
【0012】
【式2】
【0013】
はそれぞれ、分子間結合ねじれ角;平衡ねじれ角;ねじれ角の力の定数を表す。また、式(1)の右辺の第4項は、隣接していない分子間力、即ち吸着質の炭素原子と吸着材の自由度を持つ分子間力及び吸着質分子の非隣接の自由度を持つ分子間力をLennard-Jonesポテンシャルで表すものであり、各記号は、それぞれ、r'は隣接していない分子間の距離;σは長さパラメータ;εはエネルギーパラメータを表す。
【0014】
本発明方法によれば、特定の吸着質に対する吸着特性に及ぼす吸着材の細孔幅および形状の影響を調べ、細孔幅および長さを任意に指定する範囲で変更して吸着過程をシミュレートすることができる。また、吸着質分子温度を変化させてシミュレートすることができる。
【0015】
吸着性能を評価する際には、系全体の吸着エネルギーを用いる。吸着エネルギーEadsは次のように定義される。
【0016】
【式3】
【0017】
上式において、
【0018】
【式4】
【0019】
は系全体の内部エネルギーの時間平均値;
【0020】
【式5】
【0021】
は吸着質が吸着する前の内部エネルギー;
【0022】
【式6】
【0023】
は吸着材の炭素細孔壁が持つ内部エネルギー;である。これらはポテンシャルエネルギーと、運動エネルギーとの合計値である。
運動エネルギーは、以下の運動方程式により算出する。N個の粒子からなる質点系では、粒子iが他の粒子から受ける力をFiとすれば、運動方程式は下記の単純なニュートン連立方程式となる。
【0024】
【式7】
【0025】
ここに、miおよびriはi番粒子の質量および座標を表す。φは系のポテンシャルエネルギーである。kbはボルツマン定数である。
また、内部エネルギーは、以下の式により算出される。
【0026】
【式8】
【0027】
上式(e)の右辺の第1項は系の運動エネルギーであり、第2項は系のポテンシャルエネルギーである。また、式(f)は内部エネルギーの時間平均値である。
【0028】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下において、本発明に係る解析方法を用いて、特定の吸着質の吸着過程をシミュレートして、吸着材の吸着性能を見積る方法の一例を説明する。以下の例においては、吸着質としてはアルカンの一種であるドデカン(C12H26)を扱う。実際の計算においては、メチル基(CH3)またはメチレン基(CH2)を一つのクラスタ粒子とし、ドデカン分子が12個の粒子から構成されるものとしてモデル化する。ドデカンの初期コンフォメーションはエネルギーが最小になるように平面構造を与える。
【0029】
吸着材としては、活性炭吸着材を扱う。活性炭吸着材は二つのモデルを考える。図1には、活性炭細孔をトンネル状にモデル化したものを示し、図2には、細孔を2面平行の炭素壁からなるスリット状にモデル化したものを示す。いずれのモデルにおいても、長さZ方向に8個の6員環を並べ、隣の単位結晶との間には2個の6員環に相当する隙間を設ける。細孔の幅は、配列される6員環の数によって調整できる。
【0030】
以下の計算では単一のドデカン分子の吸着質を取り扱う。分子・原子間ポテンシャルに対してそれぞれのポテンシャルパラメータを表1および表2に示す。
【0031】
【表1】
【0032】
【表2】
【0033】
以下の解析では、吸着特性に及ぼす活性炭の細孔幅および形状の影響を調べ、細孔幅12.3Å〜22.2Åの範囲で計算を行った。また、ドデカン分子温度を変化させて計算を行った。
【0034】
計算は粒子数、温度および体積が一定のアンサンブル(NTV法)で行った。時間刻みを1fs 、計算時間を30000ステップとした。境界条件としては基本セルの全ての面に周期条件を与えた。数値積分は、予測子―修正子法を用いた。シミュレーションのフローを図3に示す。
【0035】
トンネル状及びスリット状の2種類の細孔形状の活性炭に基づいて計算した吸着プロセスの代表的なスナップショットを図4および図5に示す。これらの図は細孔の中心軸に平行する方向(図1及び図2に示すZ方向)から見たものである。トンネル状細孔の結果を示す図4では、初期位置が細孔中心部にあるドデカンは吸着の進行とともに、細孔の片隅によって行く。図4(c)に示すように、ドデカンの長さ方向が細孔軸にほぼ平行になるまで2.3psがかかる。その後、重心位置および配向はごく小さい範囲内で変動する。スリット状細孔の結果を示す図5では、細孔中心に任意に配向したドデカンは吸着の進行とともに、炭素壁に接近する。図5(b)および(c)に示すように、ドデカンは炭素壁にほぼ平行になる平面内で回転する。その後、図5(d)のように炭素壁面に平行になって微小な変動を繰り返す。図4および図5に対応する系全体の内部エネルギーの時間経歴を図6に示す。いずれの細孔形状の結果においても、計算開始後まもなく、内部エネルギーは著しく低下する。これはドデカン分子が分散力を受け、炭素壁の接近に伴って吸着熱を放出したためである。その後内部エネルギーは一定の範囲内で変動し、比較的に安定な吸着状態に至っていると考えられる。また、両細孔形状の結果を比較すると、トンネル状細孔で計算されたエネルギーのほうが低いことが分かる。なお、ここでは、
【0036】
【式9】
【0037】
は計算時間が10psから30psまでの内部エネルギーの平均値とする。
【0038】
【式10】
【0039】
を求めるために、自由空間に置くドデカンに対して分子動力学解析を行った。その結果、T=303Kでは、
【0040】
【式11】
【0041】
となった。一方、炭素細孔壁に対しては、原子に無限大質量を仮定したため、
【0042】
【式12】
【0043】
になる。
ドデカン分子温度が303Kの時、吸着エネルギーに及ぼす細孔幅の影響を図7に示す。解析モデルによって量的差が見られるものの、定性的には、吸着エネルギーは細孔幅の増減によって非単調的な変化を示す。すなわち、ドデカンに対して高い吸着性を得るための最適な細孔幅範囲が存在しうることを示唆している。
【0044】
図8に異なるドデカン分子温度に対する吸着エネルギーの変化を示す。温度が低くなるほど吸着エネルギーが低くなることが確認された。また、細孔幅および細孔構造に比べ、ドデカン分子温度が吸着性能に与える影響が顕著でないことが分かる。
【0045】
以上の結果から、次の知見が得られた。
(1)ドデカン分子の活性炭細孔内への吸着過程が明らかにされた。
(2)トンネル状活性炭細孔におけるドデカンの吸着質分子の吸着性能がスリット状細孔内のそれより大きいことが分かった。
(3)吸着性能に及ぼす活性炭細孔幅の影響が明らかにされた。
(4)ドデカン吸着質分子温度が活性炭吸着性能に与える影響は比較的に小さいことが分かった。
【0046】
以上の解析結果より、上記のシミュレーション条件の下では、ドデカン吸着質に対しては、トンネル型の細孔構造及び約15〜20Åの細孔幅を有する活性炭が最適であることが示される。なお、上記の解析手法をドデカン以外の特定の有機化合物にも適用して、その吸着挙動を解析することができることは、当業者には明らかである。
【0047】
なお、上記の説明においては、解析すべき吸着材として活性炭を選択しているが、本発明に係る解析方法は、細孔内に吸着質を物理的に吸着させるタイプの吸着材であれば、いかなるものにも応用することができる。例えば、本発明によって特定の吸着質の吸着挙動を解析することができる吸着材としては、ゼオライトなどを挙げることができる。
【0048】
本発明によれば、上記のような分子動力学的解析に基づき、特定の吸着質有機分子に対して最適の吸着材構造を決定することができ、これに基づき最適の吸着材を選択することができる。即ち、本発明の他の態様は、
(1)吸着材に対する吸着挙動を解析すべき特定の有機分子吸着質を選択し;
(2)選択された吸着質の有機分子の解析モデルを作成し;
(3)吸着材の細孔モデルを構築し;
(4)有機分子吸着質の吸着材への吸着過程をシミュレートし;
(5)吸着材細孔内における吸着質の挙動を視覚的に表し;
(6)吸着系の吸着エネルギーを求めて、選択された特定の吸着質に対する吸着材の吸着性能を見積もり;
(7)上記の見積りにしたがって、特定の吸着質に対する最適の構造の吸着材を選択する;
ことを特徴とする、特定の吸着質に対して優れた吸着性能を有する吸着材を設計する方法に関する。
【0049】
本発明は、更に、上記の方法によって設計された特定の吸着質に対して優れた吸着性能を有する吸着材を含む吸着フィルタにも関する。例えば、本発明方法によって設計された吸着材を、当該技術において周知のHEPAフィルタやULPAフィルタ及びイオン交換体などと組み合わせて、クリーンルームや環境浄化機能をもった基板搬送容器において用いることのできるフィルタ装置を構築することができる。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係る解析方法によれば、選択された特定の汚染物質に対する吸着材の吸着特性をシミュレーションによって定量的に把握することができ、煩雑な実験を行うことなしに特定の汚染物質に対する優れた吸着性能を有する吸着材を設計することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ドデカンのトンネル状細孔活性炭への吸着過程の解析モデルを示す図である。
【図2】ドデカンのスリット状細孔活性炭への吸着過程の解析モデルを示す図である。
【図3】本発明に係る吸着過程の分子動力学シミュレーションのフローチャートである。
【図4】トンネル状細孔の活性炭におけるドデカン分子吸着過程のスナップショットを示す図である。
【図5】スリット状細孔の活性炭におけるドデカン分子吸着過程のスナップショットを示す図である。
【図6】ドデカン−活性炭吸着系の内部エネルギーの時間変化を示す図である。
【図7】ドデカン−活性炭系の吸着エネルギーに及ぼす細孔幅の影響を示す図である。
【図8】ドデカン−活性炭系の吸着エネルギーに及ぼす吸着質温度の影響を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an optimum adsorbent design method for developing an adsorbent filter for a substrate transport container having a clean room or environmental purification function, and more particularly to a pore structure design method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With the miniaturization and high integration of semiconductor devices, a trace amount of gaseous impurities present in the clean room has become a big problem. This gaseous impurity is generated not only from intrusion from outside air but also from components of clean rooms and plastic containers used inside. When these impurities adhere to the surface of a semiconductor wafer or the like, troubles such as poor breakdown voltage of the insulating oxide film and poor adhesion of the resist film occur. Therefore, cleanliness of molecules and atomic orders on the surface of the wafer is required. . This problem occurs not only in the clean room but also in the substrate transfer container. Therefore, the role of environmental purification technology in the clean room and substrate transfer container of the semiconductor manufacturing factory is becoming more and more important.
[0003]
The contaminants in the clean room and the substrate transfer container are roughly classified into particulate contaminants and gaseous organic contaminants. For the former, ULPA or HEPA filters are often used. A chemical filter is used for the latter. The chemical filter unit is generally composed of a chemical adsorbent such as an ion exchanger and a physical adsorbent such as activated carbon. The former shares the role of removing basic gases such as ammonia and acidic gases such as hydrogen chloride, while the latter removes non-polar organic pollutants.
[0004]
Organic substances adsorbed on the substrate surface are not proportional to the environmental concentration. That is, some organic components are adsorbed on the substrate even if the environmental concentration is extremely low, while other organic components are difficult to adsorb on the substrate even if the environmental concentration is relatively high. Therefore, there is a demand for how to select an adsorbent that can completely remove a specific organic compound. For this purpose, it is necessary to perform an adsorption test on each specific organic substance using various types of activated carbon adsorbents to find the optimum type of activated carbon. It takes a lot of time and labor costs.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a high-performance adsorbent filter for removing gaseous organic contaminants in a substrate transfer container having a clean room or an environment purification function by a molecular dynamics analysis method. The present invention provides a method for designing an adsorbent having excellent adsorptivity to a specific organic pollutant.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on molecular dynamics analysis of the process in which organic pollutant molecules are adsorbed in the adsorbent pores, the present inventors have found that a specific organic pollutant (adsorbate) is obtained by the following method. It has been found that an adsorbent having excellent adsorptivity can be selected. That is, the method for molecularly analyzing the adsorption performance of the adsorbent for the specific adsorbate according to the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) Create an analytical model of the target adsorbate organic molecule;
(2) Build a pore model of the adsorbent;
(3) Simulate the adsorption process of organic molecular adsorbate on adsorbent;
(4) A visual representation of the behavior of the adsorbate within the adsorbent pores;
(5) Obtain the adsorption energy of the adsorption system and estimate the adsorption performance of the adsorbent for the selected specific adsorbate;
It is characterized by including.
[0007]
The present invention is described in further detail below. In the following description, the activated carbon adsorbent will be described as an example for convenience.
In the present invention, the target adsorbate may be any organic substance as long as it is the target of which the adsorption state is to be evaluated. For example, alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, chlorine-based compounds Examples include organic substances such as hydrocarbons. The number of adsorbates can be set to one or more depending on the state to be evaluated.
[0008]
The model activated carbon adsorbent is a collection of graphite unit crystals, and the unit crystals are considered to be composed of a single-layer six-membered ring carbon wall. The pore shape of the unit crystal is either a tunnel-like carbon pore corresponding to a non-graphitizable structure or a slit-like pore composed of two carbon walls corresponding to a graphitizable carbon structure.
[0009]
In the analysis method according to the present invention, the initial position of the adsorbate is set at the center in the basic cell of the activated carbon adsorbent. The intermolecular force between the carbon atom and the adsorbate can be expressed by the Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential. The force inside the adsorbate molecule can be expressed by the following potential.
[0010]
[Formula 1]
[0011]
In the formula (1), the three terms on the right side represent bond potentials based on bond expansion / contraction, bond angle, and twist angle between adjacent molecules in the adsorbate molecule. Each symbol, respectively, r is the intermolecular distance; r 0 is the equilibrium bond length; k r is the spring constant; theta is intermolecular bond angles; theta 0 is the equilibrium bond angle; k- [theta constant force bond angle; represents ,
[0012]
[Formula 2]
[0013]
Represents the constants of intermolecular bond torsion angle; equilibrium torsion angle; torsion angle force. The fourth term on the right-hand side of equation (1) is the non-adjacent intermolecular force, that is, the intermolecular force with the adsorbate carbon atom and adsorbent degrees of freedom and the nonadjacent degree of freedom of adsorbate molecules. The intermolecular force is expressed by Lennard-Jones potential. In each symbol, r ′ is a distance between molecules not adjacent to each other, σ is a length parameter, and ε is an energy parameter.
[0014]
According to the method of the present invention, the influence of the pore width and shape of the adsorbent on the adsorption properties for a specific adsorbate is investigated, and the adsorption process is simulated by changing the pore width and length within a specified range. can do. Moreover, it can simulate by changing the adsorbate molecule temperature.
[0015]
When evaluating the adsorption performance, the adsorption energy of the entire system is used. The adsorption energy E ads is defined as follows.
[0016]
[Formula 3]
[0017]
In the above formula,
[0018]
[Formula 4]
[0019]
Is the time average of internal energy of the whole system;
[0020]
[Formula 5]
[0021]
Is the internal energy before adsorbate adsorbs;
[0022]
[Formula 6]
[0023]
Is the internal energy of the carbon pore walls of the adsorbent. These are the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is calculated by the following equation of motion. In a mass system consisting of N particles, the equation of motion is the following simple Newton simultaneous equation, where F i is the force that the particle i receives from other particles.
[0024]
[Formula 7]
[0025]
Here, m i and r i represent the mass and coordinates of the i-th particle. φ is the potential energy of the system. k b is the Boltzmann constant.
The internal energy is calculated by the following formula.
[0026]
[Formula 8]
[0027]
The first term on the right side of the above equation (e) is the kinetic energy of the system, and the second term is the potential energy of the system. Expression (f) is a time average value of internal energy.
[0028]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an example of a method for estimating the adsorption performance of an adsorbent by simulating the adsorption process of a specific adsorbate using the analysis method according to the present invention will be described. In the following example, dodecane (C 12 H 26 ), which is a kind of alkane, is used as the adsorbate. In an actual calculation, a methyl group (CH 3 ) or a methylene group (CH 2 ) is modeled as one cluster particle and a dodecane molecule is composed of 12 particles. The initial conformation of dodecane gives a planar structure so that energy is minimized.
[0029]
An activated carbon adsorbent is used as the adsorbent. Two models of activated carbon adsorbents are considered. FIG. 1 shows activated carbon pores modeled in a tunnel shape, and FIG. 2 shows pores modeled in a slit shape composed of two parallel carbon walls. In either model, eight six-membered rings are arranged in the length Z direction, and a gap corresponding to two six-membered rings is provided between adjacent unit crystals. The width of the pore can be adjusted by the number of 6-membered rings arranged.
[0030]
The following calculations deal with adsorbates of a single dodecane molecule. Tables 1 and 2 show the potential parameters for the intermolecular / atomic potential.
[0031]
[Table 1]
[0032]
[Table 2]
[0033]
In the following analysis, the influence of the pore width and shape of the activated carbon on the adsorption characteristics was examined, and the calculation was performed in the range of the pore width of 12.3 mm to 22.2 mm. In addition, the calculation was performed by changing the dodecane molecular temperature.
[0034]
The calculation was performed with an ensemble (NTV method) in which the number of particles, temperature and volume were constant. The time increment is 1 fs and the calculation time is 30000 steps. As boundary conditions, periodic conditions were given to all surfaces of the basic cell. Numerical integration used the predictor-corrector method. The flow of simulation is shown in FIG.
[0035]
Representative snapshots of the adsorption process calculated based on two types of pore-shaped activated carbon, tunnel-shaped and slit-shaped, are shown in FIGS. These figures are viewed from a direction parallel to the central axis of the pore (Z direction shown in FIGS. 1 and 2). In FIG. 4 showing the result of the tunnel-shaped pore, dodecane whose initial position is at the center of the pore goes along one corner of the pore as the adsorption proceeds. As shown in FIG. 4C, it takes 2.3 ps until the length direction of dodecane becomes substantially parallel to the pore axis. Thereafter, the centroid position and orientation vary within a very small range. In FIG. 5 showing the result of the slit-shaped pores, dodecane arbitrarily oriented at the pore center approaches the carbon wall as the adsorption proceeds. As shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, dodecane rotates in a plane that is substantially parallel to the carbon wall. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5 (d), the minute fluctuation is repeated in parallel with the carbon wall surface. The time history of the internal energy of the entire system corresponding to FIGS. 4 and 5 is shown in FIG. In any pore shape result, the internal energy is significantly reduced shortly after the start of the calculation. This is because the dodecane molecule was subjected to dispersion force and released heat of adsorption as the carbon wall approached. Thereafter, the internal energy fluctuates within a certain range, and it is considered that a relatively stable adsorption state is reached. Also, comparing the results for both pore shapes, it can be seen that the energy calculated for the tunnel-like pores is lower. Here,
[0036]
[Formula 9]
[0037]
Is the average value of internal energy from 10ps to 30ps.
[0038]
[Formula 10]
[0039]
In order to obtain the above, molecular dynamics analysis was performed on dodecane placed in free space. As a result, at T = 303K
[0040]
[Formula 11]
[0041]
It became. On the other hand, for the carbon pore wall, an infinite mass is assumed for the atoms,
[0042]
[Formula 12]
[0043]
become.
FIG. 7 shows the influence of the pore width on the adsorption energy when the dodecane molecular temperature is 303K. Although there is a quantitative difference depending on the analysis model, qualitatively, the adsorption energy shows a non-monotonic change due to increase / decrease in the pore width. That is, it suggests that there may be an optimum pore width range for obtaining high adsorptivity to dodecane.
[0044]
FIG. 8 shows the change in adsorption energy for different dodecane molecular temperatures. It was confirmed that the adsorption energy decreases as the temperature decreases. Moreover, it turns out that the influence which dodecane molecular temperature has on adsorption | suction performance is not remarkable compared with pore width and pore structure.
[0045]
From the above results, the following knowledge was obtained.
(1) The adsorption process of dodecane molecules into the activated carbon pores was clarified.
(2) It was found that the adsorption performance of adsorbate molecules of dodecane in the tunnel-like activated carbon pores was larger than that in the slit-like pores.
(3) The effect of the activated carbon pore width on the adsorption performance was clarified.
(4) It was found that the influence of dodecane adsorbate molecular temperature on activated carbon adsorption performance was relatively small.
[0046]
From the above analysis results, it is shown that activated carbon having a tunnel-type pore structure and a pore width of about 15 to 20 mm is optimal for dodecane adsorbate under the above simulation conditions. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the above-described analysis method can be applied to a specific organic compound other than dodecane to analyze the adsorption behavior.
[0047]
In the above description, activated carbon is selected as the adsorbent to be analyzed, but the analysis method according to the present invention is an adsorbent that physically adsorbs the adsorbate in the pores. It can be applied to anything. For example, as an adsorbent capable of analyzing the adsorption behavior of a specific adsorbate according to the present invention, zeolite and the like can be mentioned.
[0048]
According to the present invention, the optimum adsorbent structure can be determined for a specific adsorbate organic molecule based on the molecular dynamic analysis as described above, and the optimum adsorbent can be selected based on this. Can do. That is, another aspect of the present invention provides:
(1) Select a specific organic molecular adsorbate for which the adsorption behavior to the adsorbent should be analyzed;
(2) Create an analytical model of the organic molecules of the selected adsorbate;
(3) build a pore model of the adsorbent;
(4) Simulate the adsorption process of organic molecular adsorbate on adsorbent;
(5) A visual representation of the behavior of the adsorbate within the adsorbent pores;
(6) Obtaining the adsorption energy of the adsorption system and estimating the adsorption performance of the adsorbent for the specific adsorbate selected;
(7) Select the optimally structured adsorbent for a particular adsorbate according to the above estimates;
The present invention relates to a method for designing an adsorbent having excellent adsorption performance for a specific adsorbate.
[0049]
The present invention further relates to an adsorption filter including an adsorbent having excellent adsorption performance for a specific adsorbate designed by the above method. For example, an adsorbent designed by the method of the present invention can be used in a clean room or a substrate transport container having an environmental purification function by combining with an HEPA filter, ULPA filter, ion exchanger, or the like known in the art. Can be built.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
According to the analysis method of the present invention, it is possible to quantitatively grasp the adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent with respect to the selected specific pollutant by simulation, and it is excellent for the specific pollutant without performing a complicated experiment. An adsorbent having adsorption performance can be designed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an analytical model of an adsorption process of dodecane on a tunnel-like fine pore activated carbon.
FIG. 2 is a view showing an analytical model of an adsorption process of dodecane on slit-shaped fine pore activated carbon.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of molecular dynamics simulation of an adsorption process according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a snapshot of a dodecane molecule adsorption process on activated carbon having tunnel-like pores.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a snapshot of a dodecane molecule adsorption process in activated carbon having slit-like pores.
FIG. 6 is a view showing a change over time in internal energy of a dodecane-activated carbon adsorption system.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the influence of pore width on the adsorption energy of dodecane-activated carbon system.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of adsorbate temperature on the adsorption energy of a dodecane-activated carbon system.
Claims (5)
(2)活性炭吸着材の単層の6員環炭素壁から構成される単位結晶の細孔形状モデルを、4つの炭素壁からなるトンネル状炭素細孔モデル又は2つの炭素壁からなるスリット状細孔モデルのいずれかの細孔モデルに設定し、
(3)該有機分子吸着質の初期位置を活性炭吸着材の該細孔モデルの中心に設定し、式(1)
【式1】
(式(1)において、右辺の前3つの項は、それぞれ、吸着質分子における隣接する自由度を持つ分子間の結合伸縮、結合角、およびねじれ角による結合ポテンシャルを表す。各記号は、それぞれ、rは分子間距離;r0は平衡結合距離;krはばね定数;θは分子間結合角度;θ0は平衡結合角;kθは結合角の力の定数;を表し、
【式2】
はそれぞれ、分子間結合ねじれ角;平衡ねじれ角;ねじれ角の力の定数を表す。また、式(1)の右辺の第4項は、隣接していない分子間力、即ち吸着質の炭素原子と吸着材の自由度を持つ分子間力及び吸着質分子の非隣接の自由度を持つ分子間力をLennard-Jonesポテンシャルで表すものであり、各記号は、それぞれ、r'は隣接していない分子間の距離;σは長さパラメータ;εはエネルギーパラメータを表す。)
を用いる分子動力学的解析法を用いて、該活性炭吸着材の細孔幅を変数として該有機分子吸着質の該活性炭吸着材への吸着工程をシミュレートし、
(4)該有機分子吸着質と該活性炭吸着材とからなる系全体の内部エネルギーの時間平均値と、該有機分子吸着質が該活性炭吸着材に吸着する前の内部エネルギーと、該活性炭吸着材の炭素細孔壁が持つ内部エネルギーとから、該活性炭吸着材の各細孔幅に対する系全体の吸着エネルギーを求めて、系全体の吸着エネルギーが最小となる該活性炭吸着材の細孔幅を決定する
工程を包含することを特徴とする、特定の有機分子吸着質に対して優れた吸着活性を有する活性炭吸着材を設計する方法。(1) Forming a molecular structure model of the organic molecular adsorbate in consideration of the bond potential due to bond expansion / contraction between adjacent molecules or atoms, bond nuclei and torsion angle in the target organic molecular adsorbate. ,
(2) A pore shape model of a unit crystal composed of a single-layer 6-membered ring carbon wall of an activated carbon adsorbent is converted into a tunnel-like carbon pore model composed of four carbon walls or a slit-shaped fine composed of two carbon walls. Set one of the pore models to the pore model,
(3) The initial position of the organic molecule adsorbate is set at the center of the pore model of the activated carbon adsorbent, and the equation (1)
[Formula 1]
(In the formula (1), the three terms on the right side represent bond potentials based on bond expansion / contraction, bond angle, and twist angle between adjacent molecules in the adsorbate molecule, respectively. , r is the intermolecular distance; r 0 is the equilibrium bond length; k r is the spring constant; theta is intermolecular bond angles; theta 0 is the equilibrium bond angle; k- [theta constant force bond angle; represent,
[Formula 2]
Represents the constants of intermolecular bond torsion angle; equilibrium torsion angle; torsion angle force. The fourth term on the right-hand side of equation (1) is the non-adjacent intermolecular force, that is, the intermolecular force with the adsorbate carbon atom and adsorbent degrees of freedom and the nonadjacent freedom of adsorbate molecules The intermolecular force is expressed by Lennard-Jones potential. In each symbol, r ′ is a distance between molecules not adjacent to each other, σ is a length parameter, and ε is an energy parameter. )
Using the molecular dynamics analysis method using the above, the adsorption process of the organic molecular adsorbate to the activated carbon adsorbent is simulated using the pore width of the activated carbon adsorbent as a variable,
(4) Time average value of internal energy of the entire system composed of the organic molecular adsorbate and the activated carbon adsorbent, internal energy before the organic molecular adsorbate is adsorbed on the activated carbon adsorbent, and the activated carbon adsorbent From the internal energy possessed by the carbon pore wall, the adsorption energy of the entire system for each pore width of the activated carbon adsorbent is obtained, and the pore width of the activated carbon adsorbent that minimizes the adsorption energy of the entire system is determined. A method of designing an activated carbon adsorbent having excellent adsorption activity for a specific organic molecule adsorbate, characterized by comprising a step of:
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