JP3998555B2 - Movable control platform for boarding bridge - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an operation panel disposed on a passenger boarding bridge for operating a passenger boarding bridge for passengers to appear on a passenger aircraft at an airport.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Passenger aircraft (hereinafter simply referred to as aircraft) are provided with boarding gates for boarding passengers on both sides of the aircraft. Passengers, occupants, or workers (referred to as passengers, etc.) use this entrance / exit to board the aircraft or get off the aircraft (hereinafter referred to as boarding etc.). When an aircraft arrives at the airport, it is laid along a long passage (hereinafter referred to as a building fixed bridge) extending from a gate arranged in the airport building. A passenger boarding bridge (hereinafter referred to as “PBB”) is provided at the end of the passage for boarding and the like. The PBB is stored in a shortened state at the end of the passage when the aircraft is not laid down, and when the aviation is laid down and passengers or the like board the board, the PBB extends toward the entrance of the aircraft. The PBB is fixed when it almost coincides with the entrance / exit of the aircraft, and the door of the aircraft is opened to allow passengers to board.
[0003]
The doors of most aircraft are designed to open around the hinge toward the tip of the aircraft regardless of the left or right side of the aircraft. Therefore, when the PBB is fixed to the entrance for passengers or the like, the opening at the tip of the PBB is mounted and fixed so as to include the door of the aircraft. Both the PBB and the fixed building bridge have a width wider than the width of the aircraft door so that passengers can pass smoothly inside, but the width of the aircraft door is so narrow that passengers get on board. The door part is dead space. In addition, since the PBB needs to be finely controlled to be mounted from the fixed building bridge to the entrance / exit of the aircraft, a PBB control platform (hereinafter referred to as a PBB control platform) is arranged at the tip of the PBB. ing. Since the PBB control board becomes an obstacle such as passengers, it is possible to smoothly get on and off passengers and the like by arranging them on the entrance side of the PBB dead space. That is, the PBB control platform is disposed on the left side of the PBB (in this specification, the left and right sides of the PBB are defined with reference to the direction from the fixed bridge side to the aircraft).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
A problem to be solved by the invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship among aircrafts 62 and 63, building fixed bridges 60 and 61, and PBBs 50 and 51 at a conventional airport. As shown in FIG. 7, conventionally, one building fixed bridge 60 is assigned to one aircraft 62, and another building fixed bridge 61 is assigned to the other aircraft 63. In general, the aircraft is parked so that the building fixed bridge 60 is positioned on the left side 62L of the aircraft 62 (in this specification, the left and right sides of the aircraft are defined based on the direction from the rear to the front of the aircraft), and the PBB 50 Extends to the entrance 62L on the left side of the aircraft. That is, for boarding or the like, generally only the left side 62L of the aircraft 62 is used, and the right side 62R of the aircraft is not used. Therefore, the fixed building bridge 60 is designed so that the PBB 50 can be extended and mounted only on the left side 62L of the aircraft, and is not designed to extend toward the right side 62R of the aircraft. Further, since most of the doors of the aircraft 62 open toward the left side 50a of the PBB 50 with respect to the PBB 50, there is no problem as long as the PBB control board of the PBB 50 is naturally placed on the left side 50a of the PBB 50. That is, if the PBB control platform is arranged on the right side 50b, the PBB control platform is always an obstacle for passengers or the like during boarding. Therefore, conventionally, it is most suitable that the PBB control table is fixed to the left side 50a of the PBB.
[0005]
However, since there are entrances on both the left and right sides of the aircraft, if it is possible to get on and off using the right entrance, it is possible to board in a larger amount and in a shorter time. In particular, in today's situation where a large-scale aircraft is boarded and a large number of passengers are boarded at a time, it is convenient if not only the left and right entrances of the aircraft can be used at the same time.
[0006]
For this purpose, it is convenient if the PBB 51 extends not only from the fixed building bridge 60 on the left side 62L of the aircraft 62 when the aircraft 62 parks but also from the fixed building bridge 61 on the right side 62R of the aircraft. That is, for example, when viewed from one fixed building bridge 61, if one PBB 51 extends to both the aircraft 62 located on the right side of the fixed bridge 61 and the aircraft 63 located on the left side, Etc. and other aircrafts 63 are not boarded, not only the PBB 50 but also the unused PBB 51 are used to both sides of the left side 62L and the right side 62R of the aircraft 62. It is possible to board passengers and the like from the entrance / exit. For this purpose, the PBB control table is not fixed to the left side 50a of the PBB. When the PBB 51 is attached to the right side 62R of the aircraft 62, the PBB control table is positioned on the right side 51b of the PBB 51, while the PBB 51 is When attached to the left side 63 </ b> L of the aircraft 63, it is preferable that the PBB control platform can be arranged at a different position of the PBB so as to be located on the left side 51 a of the PBB 51.
[0007]
In contrast, a boarding bridge in which a horizontally rotatable shutter is disposed in a circular chamber at the tip side corresponding to the bubble portion of the present application, which will be described later, and the operation panel is attached to the shutter and made movable after the shutter is transparent is disclosed. (For example, Patent Document 1). As a result, the shutter is made movable along the peripheral surface of the circular chamber, and the operation panel is also moved by moving the shutter to secure the area. However, in this configuration, the control table and the shutter are always moved at the same time, while the shutter and the control table are moved together, so that the drive mechanism becomes large.
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Utility Model Publication 2-45899 [0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, a boarding bridge having a cab part joined to the tip of a main body passage part, the guide rail extending linearly from the left side to the right side of the boarding bridge at the opening of the cab part, and the guide rail A boarding bridge comprising: a movable member slidably attached along the movable member; and a control table fixed to the movable member. As a result, the control platform can be moved from the left side to the right side of the boarding bridge. Further, in the present invention, a boarding bridge having a cab portion joined to the tip of the main body passage portion, which is provided with an operation panel connector connected to an internal electronic circuit and operated by an operation panel separated from the boarding bridge. A boarding bridge comprising: an electronic device for controlling the boarding bridge; and a boarding bridge connector connected to the electronic device and engageable with the operation panel connector, the operation panel connector and the boarding bridge This is solved by a boarding bridge characterized in that when the connector is coupled, a circuit between the operation panel and the electronic device is completed and the boarding bridge can be operated. Thereby, the operation panel can be moved from the left side of the boarding bridge to the right side.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between PBB 1, building fixed bridges 60 and 61 and PBBs 1, 50 and 51 in the present invention. The PBB 1 in this application is attached to almost the tip of the fixed building bridge 61. When the PBB 1 is attached to the aircraft 62 on the right side of the fixed building bridge 61, the PBB 1 is directed to the right side 62R of the aircraft 62 toward the right side of the fixed bridge like the PBB 1a. When it is attached to the left side 63L of the aircraft 63 on the left side of the building fixed bridge 61, it is like a dashed line toward the left side 63L of the aircraft 63 toward the left side of the fixed bridge as in PBB 1b. It will be in the state extended. Thus, in FIG. 1, in order to facilitate understanding, the state where the PBB 1 extends to the right side 62R of the aircraft 62 is 1a (solid line), and the state where the PBB 1 extends to the left side 63L of the aircraft 63 is 1b (dashed line) Two states are shown virtually simultaneously. In the state of PBB 1a, the distance to the aircraft 62 is longer than in the state of PBB 1b, so the amount of expansion is large.
[0010]
The PBB 1 includes a main body passage portion 10, a cab portion 11, and a bubble portion 12. Here, a description will be given with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 in addition to FIG. 2 and 3 are enlarged views of the vicinity of the cab portion 11 and the bubble portion 12 of the PBB 1 as cross sections. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view seen from above, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view seen from the horizontal direction. In these, reference numeral 5 represents the body 5 of the aircraft 62. The main body passage portion 10 is a hollow passage, and a main body passage portion entrance (not shown) is provided on the building fixed bridge 61 side of the main body passage portion 10, and a cab portion is provided on the body 5 side of the aircraft 62 of the main body passage portion 10. The bubble part inlet 10a which is a communication port of the. A bubble portion 12 is attached to the bubble portion entrance portion 10 a of the main body passage portion 10. The bubble portion 12 is typically a cylindrical chamber, and the inside of the bubble portion 12 has a space that is larger than the width of the main body passage portion 10 and slightly wider. The bubble portion 12 has two opening ports 14 and 15 serving as communication ports for boarding or the like serving as inlets or outlets in directions substantially opposite to the cylindrical circumferential surface. The opening 14 which is one opening is joined to the bubble inlet 10a of the main body passage section 10, and the opening 15 which is the other opening is arranged on the aircraft side and the cab 11 is attached. The cab portion 11 is also a hollow passage, and serves as a passage for passengers between the bubble portion 12 and the fuselage 5. The cab part 11 is movable in the horizontal direction with respect to the bubble part 12 along the circumferential surface 12a of the bubble part 12 as indicated by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 5 can be fixed at a position most suitable for the curved surface shape in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the connection part 32 of a bellows structure is provided in the upper part of the cab part 11, and it can adapt to the curved surface shape of the height direction of the body 5 by this.
[0011]
The cab portion 11 in the vicinity of the opening 15 corresponding to the machine body 5 is provided with a guide rail 30 extending substantially straight from the left side of the PBB 1 toward the right side of the PBB 1. The guide rail 30 preferably includes an upper guide rail 30a disposed on the upper portion (ceiling portion) of the cab portion 11 and a lower guide rail 30b disposed on the lower portion (floor portion) of the cab portion 11. Furthermore, it is preferable that the horizontal positions of the upper guide rail 30a and the lower guide rail 30b are in the same plane perpendicular to the PBB 1 and extend in parallel.
[0012]
A plate-like movable member 35 is attached to the upper guide rail 30a and the lower guide rail 30b so as to be slidable in the direction in which the guide rail extends. The relationship between the movable member and the guide rail 30 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the lower side of the movable member and the lower guide rail 30b. The lower guide rail 30b is provided with a recess 30c extending in the longitudinal direction. On the other hand, an insertion end 35c that is slightly thinner is provided below the movable member, and the insertion end is inserted into the recess 30c. Rollers 35a and 35b are attached to the insertion end 35c, respectively. The rollers 35a and 35b can rotate while contacting the bottom of the recess 30c, so that the movable member 35 can move smoothly along the direction in which the lower guide rail 30b extends. Although only the lower guide rail 30a has been described here with reference to FIG. 4, the upper guide rail 30a side has the same configuration as the lower guide rail 30b and the movable member 35 shown in FIG. The same applies to either the upper guide rail 30a or the lower guide rail 30b by adjusting the sizes of the upper guide rail 30a and the lower guide rail 30b according to the size and weight of the movable member 35. It is possible to reach the effect.
[0013]
On the surface of the movable member 35, the PBB control table 20 and the cab 22 are fixed. In addition, a transparent member 36 (for example, acrylic or the like) that functions as a window for viewing the outside is provided on the movable member 35 at the top of the PBB control table 20 with the movable member 35 attached to the upper guide rail 30a and the lower guide rail 30b. It is attached. An electrical component is provided inside the PBB cockpit 20. The wiring of these electric components is drilled inside the movable member 35. The wiring drilled in the movable member 35 is connected to the power supply unit through the cab portion 11 and the main body passage portion 10 from the upper portion of the movable member 35 to the outside. A wiring holding arm 33 is attached to the ceiling of the PBB 1 so that the wiring is not entangled when the movable member 35 moves. The wiring holding arm 33 is, for example, a rod-like arm, and one end side thereof is supported substantially horizontally by a pivot provided on the ceiling, and extends toward the movable member 35. The wiring holding arm 33 can rotate at least a region of an angle at which the wiring outlet of the movable member 35 moves with the movement of the movable member 35 around the pivot axis. The wiring holding arm 33 does not necessarily have a single arm configuration, and the wiring holding arm 33 may have two configurations as shown in FIG. Thereby, the angle which can be rotated about the pivot center arrange | positioned at the ceiling can be taken large. That is, the wiring holding arm 33 is a wire holding arm (A) 33a and a wiring holding arm (B) 33b, which are rod-like arms, respectively, and one end of the wiring holding arm (A) 33a is supported in a substantially horizontal direction by the pivot of the ceiling. One end of the wiring holding arm (B) 33b is horizontally supported at the end. Thereby, the distance corresponding to the rotation angle of the wiring holding arm (A) 33a and the distance corresponding to the rotation angle of the wiring holding arm (B) 33b can be made movable.
[0014]
A shutter 31 is disposed outside the movable member 35. That is, the movable member 35 and the PBB control table 22 are arranged inside the shutter 31. The shutter 31 is provided from the conventional PBB to prevent the inside of the PBB 1 from being exposed to wind and rain when the PBB 1 is not used, and has the same configuration as the conventional PBB. A shutter storage 34 is disposed on the upper side of PBB1, and the shutter 31 is wound and stored toward the upper side of PBB1. In addition, by using a transparent material for the shutter 31, the PBB can be operated by the PBB control table 22 without winding the shutter 31.
[0015]
An interlock pin 23 is attached to the cab 22 so that the movable member 35 does not move during the operation of the PBB 1. On the other hand, a left interlock pin receiving hole 36a and a right interlock pin receiving hole 36b are disposed on the left and right sides of the PBB 1, respectively, on the floor surface of the PBB 1, and the PBB control stand 20 is moved to the left side of the PBB 1 along with the movable member 35. In some cases, the interlock pin 23 is inserted into and fixed to the left interlock pin receiving hole 36a on the left side of the PBB 1, while when the PBB control table 20 is on the right side of the PBB 1, the interlock pin 23 is attached to the PBB 1. The right interlock pin receiving hole 36b on the right side is fitted and fixed. Further, in order to avoid the movement of the PBB 1 during the maneuvering, the PBB control table 20 does not operate unless the interlock pin 23 is fitted into either the left interlock pin receiving hole 36a or the right interlock pin receiving hole 36b. It is like that.
[0016]
With the above configuration, the PBB control table 22 of the present embodiment is used as follows. As shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 1, when the PBB 1 is placed on the left side 63L of the aircraft 63 parked on the left side of the fixed building bridge 61 as usual (PBB 1 b), the PBB control table 22 is guided by the movable member 35 to the guide rail. 30 is moved to the left side 1d side of the PBB 1 and the interlock pin 23 is fitted into the left interlock pin receiving hole 36a and fixed. After the fixing, the PBB 1 is brought into contact with the door of the aircraft 63 by using the control table 22 to board a passenger or the like. In this case, since the door of the aircraft 63 opens forward, it is in the same direction as the PBB control table 22, and the PBB control table 22 does not get in the way of boarding passengers. On the other hand, when the PBB 1 is placed on the right side 62R of the aircraft 62 parked on the right side of the fixed building bridge 61 (PBB 1a), the PBB control table 22 is moved along the guide rail 30 to the right side 1c side of the PBB 1 by the movable member 35. The interlock pin 23 is moved to fit into the right interlock pin receiving hole 36b and fixed. After fixing, the PBB 1 is brought into contact with the door of the aircraft 62 by the control table 22 to board a passenger or the like. Even in this case, since the door of the aircraft 63 opens forward, it is in the same direction as the PBB control table 22, and the PBB control table 22 does not get in the way of boarding passengers. That is, the position of the PBB operation console 22 can be easily changed from the left side 1d of the PBB 1 to the right side 1c of the PBB 1 with a simple configuration. In the present embodiment, the movable member 35 is movable by human power, but it is also possible to provide a drive mechanism to move the movable member 35 by power.
[0017]
(Embodiment 2)
In the first embodiment, the movable member 35 that is movable from the left side of the PBB 1 to the right side of the PBB 1 is provided along the guide rail, so that the position of the PBB control table 22 can be changed between the left side of the PBB 1 and the right side of the PBB 1.
Next, in the second embodiment, the electronic devices mounted on the PBB control board 22 are divided into a switch group necessary for the operation of the PBB 1 and a circuit group of information-related devices and a circuit group of the PBB control electronic device 24. Thus, the switches necessary for the operation of the former PBB 1 and the circuit group of information-related devices are stored in the PBB operation panel 21, and the circuit group of the latter PBB control electronic device 24 is stored in the PBB 1. This is different from the first embodiment. With this configuration, the position of the PBB operation panel 21 can be changed between the left side of the PBB 1 and the right side of the PBB 1. The second embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. Here, the switches and information-related devices necessary for the operation of the PBB 1 are a joystick for operating the traveling direction of the PBB 1, a switch for raising / lowering for instructing raising / lowering of the PBB 1, a cab turning switch for turning the cab, and a cab turning switch , Switches such as an emergency stop button for emergency stop, and information system equipment for transmitting the state of PBB1 when the PBB1 is operating, such as a monitor TV screen and a wheel direction indicator for transmitting the state of PBB1, to the operator. The PBB control electronic device 24 is an electronic device other than the switches and information-related devices necessary for the operation of the PBB 1, and receives information from the switches necessary for the operation of the PBB 1 to control the PBB 1 Refers to equipment.
[0018]
In the second embodiment, the guide rail 30 is not used. FIG. 5 is a view of the inner surface of the PBB 1 as viewed from the building fixed bridge side 61, and FIG. 6 is a view schematically showing the operation panel 21 of the PBB in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the PBB control electronic device 24 that has been conventionally stored in the PBB control table 22 is stored in the wall surface of the PBB 1. In the present embodiment, the PBB control electronic device 24 is stored in the wall surface, but the storage location may be the ceiling of the PBB or the passage floor wall surface of the PBB (inside the floor surface). A left PBB connector 25a is disposed on the left wall surface 1d of the PBB 1, and a right PBB connector 25b of the same type as the left PBB connector 25a is disposed on the right wall surface 1c of the PBB 1. The left PBB connector 25a and the right PBB connector 25b are connected by an electrical wiring 26a and an electrical wiring 26b. The electrical wiring 26a and the electrical wiring 26b are equivalent electrical wirings. In other words, it means that two equivalent systems of electrical wiring are made from the PBB control electronic device 24 to the electrical wiring 26a and the electrical wiring 26b. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, an operation joystick 21c, an operation button group 21d, an emergency stop button, and the like are attached to the PBB operation panel 21 which is a switch and information-related equipment. The operation buttons are motor ON and OFF buttons corresponding to forward, backward, stop, lift, and lower of the PBB 1. The operation panel 21 is provided with a left operation panel connector 21a and a right operation panel connector 21b which are passenger boarding bridge side connectors on the left side surface and the right side surface of the operation panel, respectively. The wires from the operation joystick 21c and the operation button group 21d are coupled to the left operation panel connector 21a and the right operation panel connector 21b. These wirings to the left operation panel connector 21a and the right operation panel connector 21b are exactly the same.
[0019]
The left operation panel connector 21a of the operation panel 21 and the left PBB connector 25a of the left wall surface 1d of the PBB 1 can be coupled, and the right operation panel connector 21b of the operation panel 21 and the right PBB connector 25b of the right wall surface 1c of the PBB 1 are defined. Can be combined. Here, when the left operation panel connector 21a of the operation panel 21 and the left PBB connector 25a of the left wall surface 1d of the PBB 1 are coupled, a circuit group of switches and information-related devices necessary for the operation of the PBB 1 and the PBB control electronics The circuit group of the equipment 24 is combined, and a circuit as a conventional PBB control table is completed, and the passenger boarding bridge can be operated. On the other hand, even when the right operation panel connector 21b of the operation panel 21 and the right PBB connector 25b of the right wall surface 1c of the PBB 1 are coupled, a circuit group of switches and information-related devices necessary for the operation of the PBB 1 and an electronic device for PBB control The circuit group of 24 is combined, and the circuit as a conventional PBB control board is completed, and a passenger boarding bridge can be controlled.
The left operation panel connector 21a and the right operation panel connector 21b disposed on the operation panel do not have to be directly attached to the operation panel 21 as shown in FIG. 6, but the left operation panel via the wiring cable from the operation panel 21. You may connect to the connector 21a and the right operation panel connector 21b. As for the shutter 31, it is preferable that the shutter 31 is made of a transparent material as in the second embodiment.
[0020]
With this configuration, the PBB is used in the present embodiment as follows. As shown in FIG. 1, when the PBB 1 is placed on the left side 63L of the aircraft 63 parked on the left side of the fixed building bridge 61 as in the past (PBB 1b), the left side operation panel connector 21a of the PBB operation panel 21 is connected to the left side wall surface of the PBB 1. It is coupled to the 1d left PBB connector 25a. The operation panel 21 brings the PBB 1 into contact with the door of the aircraft 63 to board a passenger or the like. In this case, since the door of the aircraft 63 opens forward, it is in the same direction as the operation panel 21, and the operation panel 21 does not get in the way of boarding passengers. On the other hand, when the PBB 1 is placed on the right side 62R of the aircraft 62 parked on the right side of the fixed building bridge 61 (PBB 1a), the right side operation panel connector 21b of the PBB operation panel 21 is connected to the right side PBB connector of the right wall surface 1c of the PBB 1. 25b. The operation panel 21 brings the PBB 1 into contact with the door of the aircraft 62 to board a passenger or the like. In this case, since the door of the aircraft 62 opens forward, it is in the same direction as the operation panel 21, and the operation panel 21 does not get in the way of boarding passengers or the like. In this embodiment, the operation panel 21 is moved left and right without removing the operation panel 21 when boarding a passenger or the like after maneuvering the PBB. This is because it is dangerous to remove the operation panel 21 when this occurs. The emergency stop button is arranged on the operation panel 21 for that purpose. Since the shutter 31 is transparent, the PBB 1 can be operated while the shutter 31 is closed. That is, the position of the operation panel 21 can be easily changed from the left side 1d of the PBB 1 to the right side 1c of the PBB 1 with a simple configuration.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
Since the position of the operation panel is changed to the left side of the PBB and the right side of the PBB with a simple configuration, the PBB can be brought into contact with either the left door or the right door of the aircraft.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram when a PBB of the present invention is applied to an aircraft.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the cab portion of the PBB in the first embodiment as seen from above.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the cab portion of the PBB in the first embodiment when viewed from the side surface side.
4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a guide rail portion in the first embodiment. FIG.
5 is an internal view of the vicinity of a cab portion of a PBB according to Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an operation panel according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram when a conventional PBB is applied to an aircraft.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 PBB
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Main body part passage 11 Cab part 12 Bubble part 20 PBB operation board 21 Operation panel

Claims (3)

An aircraft passenger boarding bridge having a cab portion joined to a tip of a main body passage portion,
A shutter disposed at the opening of the cab,
A cab portion on the inner side of the shutter, which is provided to extend linearly from the left side to the right side of the passenger boarding bridge for aircraft, and has a recess along the longitudinal direction thereof;
A movable member having a roller that rotates while being in contact with a bottom portion in the recess of the guide rail and is slidable along the guide rail, and comprising a control stand fixed to the movable member When,
A receiving portion disposed on the left side of the cab portion and a receiving portion disposed on the right side;
When the movable member is on the left side, it can be fitted into the receiving part arranged on the left side, and when the movable member is on the right side, it can be fitted into the receiving part arranged on the right side and attached to the movable member. The movable device is fixed to the left side by inserting the interlock device into the receiving portion disposed on the left side, and the interlock device is inserted into the receiving portion disposed on the right side. An interlock device that is fixed to the right side by the movable member,
The passenger boarding bridge for an aircraft, wherein the operation console can be operated only when the interlock device is fitted into any one of the receiving portions. The boarding bridge for aircraft according to claim 1,
The cab portion has an arm disposed on the ceiling of the cab portion, one end of the arm is pivotally supported on the ceiling, and the other end of the arm holds a wiring connected to the cockpit,
An aircraft passenger boarding bridge having an arm that is rotatable in accordance with movement of the movable member.   The aircraft boarding bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the shutter is transparent.

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