JP4002437B2 - Exhaust gas treatment catalyst and exhaust gas treatment method - Google Patents
Exhaust gas treatment catalyst and exhaust gas treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4002437B2 JP4002437B2 JP2001400820A JP2001400820A JP4002437B2 JP 4002437 B2 JP4002437 B2 JP 4002437B2 JP 2001400820 A JP2001400820 A JP 2001400820A JP 2001400820 A JP2001400820 A JP 2001400820A JP 4002437 B2 JP4002437 B2 JP 4002437B2
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- catalyst
- oxide
- exhaust gas
- titanium
- molybdenum
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 101
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 26
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 23
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- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
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- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、排ガス処理用触媒、および排ガスの処理方法に関する。特に、排ガス中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を除去するための脱硝触媒、及び排ガス中のダイオキシン類などの毒性有機ハロゲン化合物を除去するための有機ハロゲン化合物の除去用触媒として優れた排ガス処理用触媒、および、それを用いた排ガスの処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在実用化されている排ガス中の窒素酸化物除去方法としては、アンモニアまたは尿素などの還元剤を用いて排ガス中の窒素酸化物を脱硝触媒上で接触還元し、無害な窒素と水とに分解する選択的触媒還元いわゆるSCR法が一般的である。そして近年、酸性雨に代表されるように窒素酸化物による環境汚染が世界的に深刻化するに伴い、脱硝技術の高効率化が要求されている。
このような状況下、チタンとバナジウムの酸化物およびモリブデン、タングステンなどの酸化物からなる脱硝触媒(特公昭53−28148号公報)や、チタンおよびケイ素からなる二元系酸化物と、バナジウム、タングステン、モリブデンなどの金属酸化物とからなる脱硝触媒(特公昭57−30532号公報)が実用化され、現在、広く用いられている。
【0003】
また、産業廃棄物や都市廃棄物を処理する焼却施設から発生する排ガス中にはダイオキシン類、PCB、クロロフェノールなどの極微量の毒性有機ハロゲン化合物が含まれており、特にダイオキシン類は微量であってもきわめて有毒であり、人体に重大な影響を及ぼすため、その除去技術が早急に求められている。触媒分解法は最も有効な技術のひとつであり、一般的にチタン、バナジウム、タングステン、モリブデンなどの酸化物を含有する触媒が用いられている。
これまでに用いられてきた種々の排ガス処理用触媒の中で、比較的性能が高いものとしてチタン酸化物やバナジウム酸化物を含有する触媒が挙げられ、最近では、これらの酸化物にモリブデン酸化物やタングステン酸化物を高分散させて複合酸化物とした触媒が報告されている(特開2001−286729号公報や特開2001−286733号公報など)。このようにモリブデン酸化物やタングステン酸化物を高分散させて複合酸化物の形態とすることにより、従来からの問題であった排ガス中のSO2によるチタン酸化物やバナジウム酸化物の被毒劣化が抑制されるとともに、チタン酸化物やバナジウム酸化物の本来有する触媒活性の低下も抑えることができる旨が報告されている。
【0004】
しかしながら、これらの触媒であっても、排ガス条件によっては充分な性能を発揮できず、さらなる触媒性能、特に、窒素酸化物の除去性能、排ガス中のダイオキシン類等の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去性能、および耐久性の向上が望まれている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって、本発明の課題は、窒素酸化物の除去性能、排ガス中のダイオキシン類等の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去性能、および耐久性に優れた排ガス処理用触媒、および、それを用いた排ガス処理方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するべく鋭意検討を行った。その結果、チタン、モリブデン、および、バナジウムの酸化物を含有する触媒中の、X線回折パターンに着目し、特定のピークを示す触媒が上記課題を解決できることを見出した。また、チタン、モリブデン、および、バナジウムの酸化物を含有する触媒中の、モリブデン酸化物の粒子径に着目し、一定の粒子径範囲のモリブデン酸化物粒子を含有するように触媒を調製することによって、上記課題を解決できることを見出した。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明にかかる排ガス処理用触媒は、チタンとケイ素の複合酸化物と、モリブデンの酸化物と、バナジウムの酸化物を含有する触媒であって、X線回折パターンにおいて2θ=27.3°のモリブデン酸化物によるピーク強度が、アナターゼ型チタンのピークの一つである2θ=25.3°のピーク強度の1%以上50%以下であり、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物粒子の割合が1%以上30%以下である、ことを特徴とする。
【0008】
また、本発明にかかる排ガス処理方法は、本発明の触媒を用いて窒素酸化物もしくは有機ハロゲン化合物を含む排ガスを処理することを特徴とする。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の排ガス処理用触媒は、触媒成分の主成分としてチタンの酸化物を含有する。チタンの酸化物としては、一般のチタン酸化物(酸化チタン(TiO2)など)でもよいし、チタン−ケイ素複合酸化物(以下、Ti−Si複合酸化物と称する)でもよい。またこれらを併用してもよい。
上記チタン酸化物の供給原料としては、酸化チタン(TiO2)のほか、焼成してチタン酸化物を生成するものであれば、無機および有機のいずれの化合物も使用することができる。例えば、四塩化チタン、硫酸チタンなどの無機チタン化合物またはシュウ酸チタン、テトライソプロピルチタネートなどの有機チタン化合物を用いることができる。
【0010】
上記Ti−Si複合酸化物の調製に用いるチタン源としては、上記の無機および有機のいずれの化合物も使用することができ、またケイ素源としては、コロイド状シリカ、水ガラス、微粒子ケイ素、四塩化ケイ素などの無機ケイ素化合物およびテトラエチルシリケートなどの有機ケイ素化合物から適宜選択して使用することができる。
上記Ti−Si複合酸化物は、例えば、以下の手順(a)〜(d)によって調製することができる。
(a)シリカゾルとアンモニア水を混合し、硫酸チタンの硫酸水溶液を添加して沈澱を生じさせ、得られた沈澱物を洗浄・乾燥し、次いで300〜700℃で焼成する。
(b)硫酸チタン水溶液にケイ酸ナトリウム水溶液を添加し、反応して沈殿を生じさせ、得られた沈殿物を洗浄・乾燥し、次いで300〜700℃で焼成する。
(c)四塩化チタンの水−アルコール溶液にエチルシリケート(テトラエトキシシラン)を添加し、次いで加水分解することにより沈殿を生じさせ、得られた沈殿物を洗浄・乾燥し、次いで300〜700℃で焼成する。
(d)酸化塩化チタン(オキシ三塩化チタン)とエチルシリケートとの水−アルコール溶液に、アンモニアを加えて沈殿を生じさせ、得られた沈殿物を洗浄・乾燥し、次いで300〜700℃で焼成する。
【0011】
上記の方法のうち、(a)の方法が特に好ましく、さらに具体的には、ケイ素源とアンモニア水をモル比が所定量になるように取り、チタン源として酸性の水溶液またはゾル状態(1〜100g/リットル(チタン源はTiO2で換算)の濃度の酸性の水溶液またはゾル状態)で、10〜100℃に保ちながら、滴下し、pH2〜10で10分間から3時間保持してチタンおよびケイ素の共沈物を生成し、この沈殿物をろ過し、十分に洗浄後、80〜140℃で10分間から3時間乾燥し、300〜700℃で1〜10時間焼成することにより、目的とするTi−Si複合酸化物を得ることができる。
【0012】
本発明の排ガス処理用触媒は、バナジウム酸化物を副成分として含有する。バナジウム酸化物の含有量は、前記主成分のチタンの酸化物(チタン酸化物、Ti−Si複合酸化物、あるいは、チタン酸化物とTi−Si複合酸化物の合計)に対して好ましくは0.1〜25重量%、より好ましくは1〜15重量%である。バナジウム酸化物の含有量が0.1重量%より少ないと添加効果が十分得られず、他方、25重量%を超えてもそれほど大きな活性の向上は認められず、場合によっては活性が低下することもあるので、好ましくない。
本発明の排ガス処理用触媒は、モリブデン酸化物を副成分として含有する。モリブデン酸化物の含有量は、前記主成分のチタンの酸化物(チタン酸化物、Ti−Si複合酸化物、あるいは、チタン酸化物とTi−Si複合酸化物の合計)に対して好ましくは0.1〜25重量%、より好ましくは0.1〜20重量%、さらに好ましくは0.5〜15重量%、特に好ましくは1〜15重量%である。モリブデン酸化物の含有量が0.1重量%より少ないと添加効果が十分得られず、他方、25重量%を超えてもそれほど大きな活性の向上は認められず、場合によっては活性が低下することもあるので、好ましくない。
【0013】
バナジウム酸化物やモリブデン酸化物の供給原料としては、各々の酸化物自体のほかに、焼成によってこれらの酸化物を生成するものであれば、無機および有機のいずれの化合物も用いることができる。例えば、各々の金属を含む水酸化物、アンモニウム塩、シュウ酸塩、ハロゲン化物、硫酸塩、硝酸塩などを用いることができる。
本発明にかかる排ガス処理用触媒は、チタン、モリブデン、および、バナジウムの酸化物を含有する触媒であって、X線回折パターンにおいて2θ=27.3°にピークを有することを特徴とする。
【0014】
X線回折パターンにおける2θ=27.3°のピークとは、モリブデン酸化物の与えるピーク群の一つであり、モリブデン酸化物の結晶のX線回折パターンを測定すると、2θ=27.3°にピークの一つが現れる。
X線回折パターンにおいて2θ=27.3°にピークを有さない場合は、モリブデン酸化物がチタンの酸化物中に高分散している状態を表している。さらに、2θ=27.3°のピーク強度が、アナターゼ型チタンのピークの一つである2θ=25.3°のピーク強度の1%に満たない場合には、モリブデン酸化物がチタンの酸化物中に十分に高分散していると判断できる。
【0015】
先に述べたように、モリブデン酸化物などを高分散させて複合酸化物の形態とすることにより、従来からの問題であった排ガス中のSO2によるチタンの酸化物やバナジウム酸化物の被毒劣化を抑制できるとともに、チタンの酸化物やバナジウム酸化物の本来有する触媒活性の低下も抑えることができ、このようにモリブデン酸化物などが高分散状態にあることの確認として上記のような手法を行うことが、特開2001−286729号公報や特開2001−286733号公報などに開示されている。
本発明者は、従来において高分散状態での使用が性能向上に寄与すると考えられているモリブデン酸化物について、従来の考えとは異なる、適度に凝集した結晶性モリブデン酸化物の状態での使用を検討した。その結果、窒素酸化物の除去性能、排ガス中のダイオキシン類等の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去性能、および耐久性に優れることを見出した。そして、X線回折パターンにおいて2θ=27.3°にピークを有する場合に、チタンの酸化物中でモリブデン酸化物が適度に凝集した結晶性の状態で存在している状況であることが判った。
【0016】
さらに、モリブデン酸化物が、より適度に凝集した結晶性の状態で存在するためには、2θ=27.3°のピーク強度が、アナターゼ型チタンのピークの一つである2θ=25.3°のピーク強度の1%以上50%以下であることが好ましい。2θ=27.3°のピーク強度が、アナターゼ型チタンのピークの一つである2θ=25.3°のピーク強度の1%に満たない場合には、モリブデン酸化物の結晶性が不十分であるため、本発明の効果が発揮できないおそれがある。また、2θ=27.3°のピーク強度が、アナターゼ型チタンのピークの一つである2θ=25.3°のピーク強度の50%よりも大きいと、モリブデンが極度に凝集した状態であり、結晶性モリブデン粒子の比表面積が低下するため、発明の効果が発揮できず、好ましくない。
【0017】
本発明の排ガス処理用触媒においては、上述のように、チタンの酸化物中でモリブデン酸化物が適度に凝集した結晶性の状態で存在していることが重要であり、この状況を別の面、すなわち、モリブデン酸化物の粒子径に着目し、一定の粒子径範囲のモリブデン酸化物粒子を含有する状態として捉え、以下の発明をも完成した。
すなわち、本発明の排ガス処理用触媒は、チタン、モリブデン、および、バナジウムの酸化物を含有する触媒であって、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物粒子を含有することを特徴とする。前記粒子径は、好ましくは1μm以上18μm以下、より好ましくは1μm以上15μm以下である。
【0018】
さらに、モリブデン酸化物がより適度に凝集した状態で存在するためには、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物粒子の割合が1%以上30%以下であることが好ましく、1%以上25%以下であることがより好ましい。
上記のような粒子の状態を分析する方法としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、EPMAやSEM−EDSなどが挙げられる。以下、EPMA分析を例として説明する。
触媒表面のEPMA分析とは、分析対象触媒中の触媒組成成分の状態を見るための分析であり、通常一般に行うEPMA分析と同様の分析方法で行う。EPMA分析によって触媒の状態を分析する場合には、例えば、任意の触媒表面を少量切り出したものを測定試料とし、この測定試料における特定部分について測定を行う方法や、触媒が小さい場合にはそのまま測定試料とする方法などが挙げられるが、特に限定されない。本発明にかかる排ガス処理用触媒は、例えば、この触媒表面の測定面積を380μm2とした場合のEPMA分析で規定できる。もちろん、この測定面積は条件によって適宜調整すればよい。
【0019】
上記モリブデン粒子径およびその割合は、EPMAチャートから実測した数平均より算出した。上記範囲を満たさない場合、本発明の効果が十分に達成できないので好ましくない。
一般に、触媒表面の任意の一部分において観察される状態は触媒全体の状態をそのまま反映していると扱うことができ、例えば、触媒表面を測定面積380μm2でEPMA分析した場合に、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物の前記測定面積中における割合が1%以上30%以下である場合には、触媒全体においても同様の状態であると推測することができる。なお、任意の数箇所の測定結果を平均してもよい。したがって、本発明の排ガス処理用触媒において、例えば、触媒表面を測定面積380μm2でEPMA分析した場合に、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物粒子が観察されることや、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物の前記測定面積中における割合が1%以上30%以下であることは、当該触媒全体にわたる状態を意味している。
【0020】
なお、本発明における粒子径とは、球状粒子の場合は直径を意味するが、一定の直径を持たない場合(球状でない場合)には最長の径のことを意味する。
本発明の触媒の形状については特に制限はなく、板状、波板状、網状、ハニカム状、円柱状、円筒状などのうちから選んだ所望の形状で用いてもよく、またアルミナ、シリカ、コーディライト、チタニア、ステンレス金属などよりなる板状、波板状、網状、ハニカム状、円柱状、円筒状などのうちから選んだ所望の形状の担体に担持して使用してもよい。
本発明の触媒は、任意の方法で調製することができる。以下にその一例を示すが、本発明の触媒の調製方法はこれらに限定されない。
【0021】
本発明の触媒の調製方法としては、たとえば、主成分であるチタンの酸化物の粉体に、バナジウム酸化物およびモリブデン酸化物の粉体、塩類、またはその溶液を、任意の順序で添加して調製する方法を挙げることができる。また、バナジウム酸化物およびモリブデン酸化物の粉体、塩類、またはその溶液を予め混合した後に、主成分であるチタンの酸化物の粉体に添加する方法でもよく、主成分であるチタンの酸化物の成型体に、バナジウム酸化物およびモリブデン酸化物の塩類の溶液またはその両方の混合物を含浸担持させる方法でもよい。
本発明の触媒の別の調製方法としては、たとえば、主成分であるチタンの酸化物とバナジウム酸化物の混合物に、モリブデン酸化物を担持させる方法や、主成分であるチタンの酸化物とモリブデン酸化物の混合物に、バナジウム酸化物を担持させる方法を挙げることができる。
【0022】
チタン酸化物とTi−Si複合酸化物とを混合する場合は、従来公知の混合方法にしたがえばよく、例えば、ニーダーなどの混合機に、チタン酸化物粉末とTi−Si複合酸化物粉末とを投入して、撹拌・混合することができる。
本発明の排ガス処理用触媒は、各種排ガスの処理に用いられる。排ガスの組成については特に制限はないが、本発明の触媒は、ボイラ、焼却炉、ガスタービン、ディーゼルエンジンおよび各種工業プロセスから排出される窒素酸化物の分解活性に優れるため、これら窒素酸化物を含む排ガス処理に好適に用いられる。
本発明の触媒を用いて脱硝を行うには、本発明の触媒をアンモニアや尿素などの還元剤の存在下、排ガスと接触させ、排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元除去する。この際の条件については、特に制限がなく、この種の反応に一般的に用いられている条件で実施することができる。具体的には、排ガスの種類、性状、要求される窒素酸化物の分解率などを考慮して適宜決定すればよい。
【0023】
なお、本発明の触媒を用いて脱硝を行う場合の排ガスの空間速度は、通常、100〜100000Hr-1(STP)であり、好ましくは200〜50000Hr-1(STP)である。100Hr-1未満では、処理装置が大きくなりすぎるため非効率となり、一方100000Hr-1を超えると分解効率が低下する。また、その際の温度は、100〜500℃であることが好ましく、より好ましくは150〜400℃である。
また、本発明の触媒は、産業廃棄物や都市廃棄物を処理する焼却施設から発生する、有機ハロゲン化合物を含有する排ガスの処理にも好適に用いられる。
【0024】
本発明の触媒を用いて有機ハロゲン化合物の処理を行うには、本発明の触媒を、排ガスと接触させ、排ガス中の有機ハロゲン化合物を分解除去する。この際の条件については、特に制限がなく、この種の反応に一般的に用いられている条件で実施することができる。具体的には、排ガスの種類、性状、要求される有機ハロゲン化合物の分解率などを考慮して適宜決定すればよい。アンモニアや尿素などの還元剤を添加することにより、同時に脱硝することもできる。
なお、本発明の触媒を用いて有機ハロゲン化合物の処理を行う場合の排ガスの空間速度は、通常、100〜100000Hr-1(STP)であり、好ましくは200〜50000Hr-1(STP)である。100Hr-1未満では、処理装置が大きくなりすぎるため非効率となり、一方100000Hr-1を超えると分解効率が低下する。また、その際の温度は、130〜500℃であることが好ましく、より好ましくは150〜400℃である。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下に実施例と比較例によりさらに詳細に本発明を説明するが、本発明は下記実施例に限定されるものではない。
(XRD測定)
X線回折パターン測定、すなわちXRD測定は、X線回折装置(リガクRU−300)を用いて測定した。
(EPMA分析)
EPMA分析は、(株)島津製作所EPMA−1610を用いて、加重電圧15kV、試料電流50nAの条件で、MoLαのX線像を倍率4000倍で測定した。
【0026】
(参考例1)
市販の酸化チタン粉体(DT−51(商品名)、ミレニアム社製)20Kgに、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム1.47Kg、シュウ酸1.8Kg、モノエタノールアミン0.4Kgを水5リットルに溶解させた溶液、および、三酸化モリブデン粉体1.59Kgを加え、成形助材とともに混合し、ニーダーで混練りした後、押出成形機でハニカム状に成形した。得られた成形物を60℃で乾燥後、空気雰囲気下、530℃で5時間焼成して目的の触媒(1)を得た。この時の組成は、酸化物換算重量比で、TiO2:MoO3:V2O5=88:7:5であった。
【0027】
触媒(1)についてX線回折装置で分析したところ、図1およびその拡大した図2に示すように、2θ=27.3°にピークが観測された。また、2θ=27.3°のピーク強度は、アナターゼ型チタンのピークの一つである2θ=25.3°のピーク強度の2%であった。
さらに、触媒(1)の触媒表面を測定面積380μm2でEPMA分析したところ、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物の前記測定面積中における割合は19%であった。
触媒(1)のEPMA分析により撮影した電子線写真を図7に示す。図7中の白い部分がモリブデン酸化物を表している。
【0028】
(実施例1)
<Ti−Si複合酸化物粉体の調製>
Ti−Si複合酸化物粉体を次のように調製した。シリカゾル(スノーテックス−30、日産化学社製、SiO2換算で30wt%含有)10Kgと工業用アンモニア水(25wt%NH3含有)104Kgと水73リットルを混合し、均一溶液を調製した。この溶液に硫酸チタニルの硫酸溶液(テイカ社製、TiO2として70g/リットル、H2SO4として287g/リットル含有)243リットルを、攪拌しながら徐々に滴下した。得られたスラリーを約20時間静置したのち、濾過水洗し、続いて150℃で1時間乾燥させた。さらに、空気雰囲気下、550℃で5時間焼成し、さらにハンマーミルを用いて粉砕し、粉体を得た。このようにして調製したTi−Si複合酸化物粉体の組成は、TiO2:SiO2=85:15(酸化物重量比)であった。
【0029】
<バナジウム酸化物およびモリブデン酸化物の添加>
上記で調製したTi−Si複合酸化物粉体20Kgに、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム1.43Kg、シュウ酸1.7Kg、モノエタノールアミン0.4Kgを水5リットルに溶解させた溶液、および、三酸化モリブデン粉体1.11Kgを加え、成形助剤とともに混合し、ニーダーで混練りした後、押出成形機でハニカム状に成形した。得られた成形物を60℃で乾燥後、空気雰囲気下、530℃で5時間焼成して目的の触媒(2)を得た。この時の組成は、酸化物換算重量比で、Ti−Si複合酸化物:MoO3:V2O5=90:5:5であった。
【0030】
触媒(2)についてX線回折装置で分析したところ、図3に示すように、2θ=27.3°にピークが観測された。また、2θ=27.3°のピーク強度は、アナターゼ型チタンのピークの一つである2θ=25.3°のピーク強度の16%であった。
さらに、触媒(2)の触媒表面を測定面積380μm2でEPMA分析したところ、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物の前記測定面積中における割合は10%であった。
触媒(2)のEPMA分析により撮影した電子線写真を図8に示す。図8中の白い部分がモリブデン酸化物を表している。
【0031】
(実施例2)
実施例1で調製したTi−Si複合酸化物粉体20Kgに、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム1.43Kg、シュウ酸1.7Kg、モノエタノールアミン0.4Kgを水5リットルに溶解させた溶液と、パラモリブデン酸アンモニウム1.36Kgおよびモノエタノールアミン0.54Kgを水3リットルに溶解させた溶液とを加え、成形助剤とともに混合し、ニーダーで混練りした後、押出成形機でハニカム状に成形した。得られた成形物を60℃で乾燥後、空気雰囲気下、530℃で5時間焼成して目的の触媒(3)を得た。この時の組成は、酸化物換算重量比で、Ti−Si複合酸化物:MoO3:V2O5=90:5:5であった。
【0032】
触媒(3)についてX線回折装置で分析したところ、図4に示すように、2θ=27.3°にピークが観測された。また、2θ=27.3°のピーク強度は、アナターゼ型チタンのピークの一つである2θ=25.3°のピーク強度の23%であった。
さらに、触媒(3)の触媒表面を測定面積380μm2でEPMA分析したところ、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物の前記測定面積中における割合は6%であった。
触媒(3)のEPMA分析により撮影した電子線写真を図9に示す。図9中の白い部分がモリブデン酸化物を表している。
【0033】
(比較例1)
市販の酸化チタン粉体(DT−51(商品名)、ミレニアム社製)20Kgに、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム1.43Kg、シュウ酸1.7Kg、モノエタノールアミン0.4Kgを水5リットルに溶解させた溶液と、パラモリブデン酸アンモニウム1.36Kgおよびモノエタノールアミン0.54Kgを水3リットルに溶解させた溶液とを加え、成形助剤とともに混合し、ニーダーで混練りした後、押出成形機でハニカム状に成形した。得られた成形物を60℃で乾燥後、空気雰囲気下、350℃で5時間焼成して目的の触媒(4)を得た。この時の組成は、酸化物換算重量比で、TiO2:MoO3:V2O5=90:5:5であった。
【0034】
触媒(4)についてX線回折装置で分析したところ、図5に示すように、2θ=27.3°にピークは観測されなかった。
さらに、触媒(4)の触媒表面を測定面積380μm2でEPMA分析したところ、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物の前記測定面積中における割合は0%であった。
触媒(4)のEPMA分析により撮影した電子線写真を図10に示す。図10中の白い部分がモリブデン酸化物を表している。
(比較例2)
実施例1で調製したTi−Si複合酸化物粉体20Kgに、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム1.40Kg、シュウ酸1.7Kg、モノエタノールアミン0.4Kgを水5リットルに溶解させた溶液と、パラモリブデン酸アンモニウム0.8Kgおよびモノエタノールアミン0.32Kgを水3リットルに溶解させた溶液とを加え、成形助剤とともに混合し、ニーダーで混練りした後、押出成形機でハニカム状に成形した。得られた成形物を60℃で乾燥後、空気雰囲気下、350℃で5時間焼成して目的の触媒(5)を得た。この時の組成は、酸化物換算重量比で、Ti−Si複合酸化物:MoO3:V2O5=92:3:5であった。
【0035】
触媒(5)についてX線回折装置で分析したところ、図6に示すように、2θ=27.3°にピークは観測されなかった。
さらに、触媒(5)の触媒表面を測定面積380μm2でEPMA分析したところ、粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物の前記測定面積中における割合は0%であった。
触媒(5)のEPMA分析により撮影した電子線写真を図11に示す。図11中の白い部分がモリブデン酸化物を表している。
(脱硝性能試験およびダイオキシン類分解試験)
参考例1、実施例1、2および比較例1、2で得られた触媒(1)〜(5)を用いて下記の条件で脱硝性能試験およびダイオキシン類分解試験を行った。
【0036】
脱硝率およびダイオキシン類分解率は下記の式に従って求めた。
脱硝率(%)=[(反応器入口NOx濃度)−(反応器出口NOx濃度)]÷(反応器入口NOx濃度)×100
ダイオキシン類分解率(%)=[(反応器入口ダイオキシン類濃度)−(反応器出口ダイオキシン類濃度)]÷(反応器入口ダイオキシン類濃度)×100
<脱硝反応ガス組成>
NOx:100ppm
SO2:20ppm
NH3:100ppm
O2:10%
H2O:15%
N2:バランス
ガス温度:240℃
空間速度:19000Hr-1
<ダイオキシン類分解反応ガス組成>
ダイオキシン類濃度:約1ng
O2:15%
H2O:12%
SO2:20ppm
煤塵:100mg/Nm3
N2:バランス
ガス温度:200℃
空間速度:2500Hr-1
脱硝性能試験の結果を表1に、ダイオキシン類分解試験の結果を表2に示した。
【0037】
【表1】
【0038】
【表2】
【0039】
【発明の効果】
本発明によると、窒素酸化物の除去性能、排ガス中のダイオキシン類等の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去性能、および耐久性に優れた排ガス処理用触媒を提供することができる。
そのため、脱硝触媒として用いた場合には、脱硝性能が向上する。
また、有機ハロゲン化合物の除去用触媒として用いた場合には、排ガス中のダイオキシン類等の有機ハロゲン化合物を効率良く除去することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】参考例1で調製した触媒(1)のX線回折パターン図
【図2】参考例1で調製した触媒(1)のX線回折パターンの拡大図
【図3】実施例1で調製した触媒(2)のX線回折パターン図
【図4】実施例2で調製した触媒(3)のX線回折パターン図
【図5】比較例1で調製した触媒(4)のX線回折パターン図
【図6】比較例2で調製した触媒(5)のX線回折パターン図
【図7】参考例1で調製した触媒(1)のEPMA分析による電子線写真
【図8】実施例1で調製した触媒(2)のEPMA分析による電子線写真
【図9】実施例2で調製した触媒(3)のEPMA分析による電子線写真
【図10】比較例1で調製した触媒(4)のEPMA分析による電子線写真
【図11】比較例2で調製した触媒(5)のEPMA分析による電子線写真[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment catalyst and an exhaust gas treatment method. Particularly, a denitration catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides (NOx) in exhaust gas, and an exhaust gas treatment catalyst excellent as a catalyst for removing organic halogen compounds such as dioxins in exhaust gas. And an exhaust gas treatment method using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method of removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas currently in practical use, nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas are catalytically reduced on a denitration catalyst using a reducing agent such as ammonia or urea, and decomposed into harmless nitrogen and water. The selective catalytic reduction is the so-called SCR method. In recent years, as environmental pollution caused by nitrogen oxides has become serious worldwide, as represented by acid rain, higher efficiency of denitration technology has been demanded.
Under such circumstances, a denitration catalyst (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 53-28148) composed of an oxide of titanium and vanadium and an oxide such as molybdenum and tungsten, a binary oxide composed of titanium and silicon, vanadium and tungsten. A denitration catalyst (Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-30532) made of a metal oxide such as molybdenum has been put into practical use and is now widely used.
[0003]
In addition, the exhaust gas generated from incineration facilities that treat industrial and municipal waste contains trace amounts of toxic organic halogen compounds such as dioxins, PCBs, and chlorophenols. However, since it is extremely toxic and has a serious effect on the human body, its removal technology is urgently required. The catalytic decomposition method is one of the most effective techniques, and generally a catalyst containing an oxide such as titanium, vanadium, tungsten, or molybdenum is used.
Among the various exhaust gas treatment catalysts that have been used so far, catalysts that contain titanium oxide and vanadium oxide are cited as relatively high performance catalysts. Recently, these oxides include molybdenum oxides. In addition, a catalyst in which tungsten oxide is highly dispersed to form a composite oxide has been reported (JP 2001-286729 A, JP 2001-286733 A, and the like). Thus, by highly dispersing molybdenum oxide and tungsten oxide to form a composite oxide, poisoning deterioration of titanium oxide and vanadium oxide due to SO 2 in exhaust gas, which has been a problem in the past, has been caused. In addition to being suppressed, it has been reported that the decrease in the catalytic activity inherent in titanium oxide and vanadium oxide can also be suppressed.
[0004]
However, even these catalysts cannot exhibit sufficient performance depending on the exhaust gas conditions, and further catalyst performance, in particular, nitrogen oxide removal performance, removal performance of organic halogen compounds such as dioxins in exhaust gas, and Improvement of durability is desired.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas treatment catalyst excellent in nitrogen oxide removal performance, removal performance of organic halogen compounds such as dioxins in exhaust gas, and durability, and an exhaust gas treatment method using the same. It is to provide.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, focusing on the X-ray diffraction pattern in the catalyst containing oxides of titanium, molybdenum, and vanadium, it was found that a catalyst exhibiting a specific peak can solve the above problems. In addition, by focusing on the particle diameter of molybdenum oxide in the catalyst containing titanium, molybdenum, and vanadium oxide, and preparing the catalyst to contain molybdenum oxide particles in a certain particle diameter range The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved.
[0007]
That is, the exhaust gas treatment catalyst according to the present invention is a catalyst containing a composite oxide of titanium and silicon, an oxide of molybdenum, and an oxide of vanadium, and 2θ = 27.3 ° in the X-ray diffraction pattern. The molybdenum oxide has a peak intensity of 1% to 50% of the peak intensity of 2θ = 25.3 °, which is one of the peaks of anatase-type titanium, and a particle diameter of 1 μm to 20 μm. The ratio of the particles is 1% or more and 30% or less .
[0008]
The exhaust gas treatment method according to the present invention is characterized in that exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides or organic halogen compounds is treated using the catalyst of the present invention.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The exhaust gas treatment catalyst of the present invention contains titanium oxide as a main component of the catalyst component. The titanium oxide may be a general titanium oxide (such as titanium oxide (TiO 2 )) or a titanium-silicon composite oxide (hereinafter referred to as Ti—Si composite oxide). These may be used in combination.
In addition to titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), any of inorganic and organic compounds can be used as the titanium oxide feedstock as long as it can be baked to produce titanium oxide. For example, an inorganic titanium compound such as titanium tetrachloride or titanium sulfate, or an organic titanium compound such as titanium oxalate or tetraisopropyl titanate can be used.
[0010]
As the titanium source used for the preparation of the Ti—Si composite oxide, any of the above inorganic and organic compounds can be used. As the silicon source, colloidal silica, water glass, fine particle silicon, tetrachloride are used. It can be used by appropriately selecting from inorganic silicon compounds such as silicon and organic silicon compounds such as tetraethyl silicate.
The Ti—Si composite oxide can be prepared, for example, by the following procedures (a) to (d).
(A) Silica sol and ammonia water are mixed, a sulfuric acid aqueous solution of titanium sulfate is added to cause precipitation, the obtained precipitate is washed and dried, and then calcined at 300 to 700 ° C.
(B) A sodium silicate aqueous solution is added to a titanium sulfate aqueous solution and reacted to cause precipitation. The obtained precipitate is washed and dried, and then baked at 300 to 700 ° C.
(C) Ethyl silicate (tetraethoxysilane) is added to a water-alcohol solution of titanium tetrachloride and then hydrolyzed to form a precipitate. The resulting precipitate is washed and dried, and then 300 to 700 ° C. Bake with.
(D) Ammonia is added to a water-alcohol solution of titanium oxide chloride (titanium oxytrichloride) and ethyl silicate to cause precipitation. The resulting precipitate is washed and dried, and then calcined at 300 to 700 ° C. To do.
[0011]
Among the above methods, the method (a) is particularly preferred. More specifically, the silicon source and ammonia water are taken so as to have a predetermined molar ratio, and an acidic aqueous solution or sol state (1 to 1) is used as the titanium source. Titanium and silicon at 100 g / liter (acidic aqueous solution or sol state with a titanium source equivalent to TiO 2 ), dropped while maintaining at 10 to 100 ° C. and held at pH 2 to 10 for 10 minutes to 3 hours. This precipitate is filtered, washed thoroughly, dried at 80-140 ° C. for 10 minutes to 3 hours, and calcined at 300-700 ° C. for 1-10 hours. A Ti—Si composite oxide can be obtained.
[0012]
The exhaust gas treatment catalyst of the present invention contains vanadium oxide as an auxiliary component. The vanadium oxide content is preferably 0. 0 with respect to the main component titanium oxide (titanium oxide, Ti-Si composite oxide, or total of titanium oxide and Ti-Si composite oxide). 1 to 25% by weight, more preferably 1 to 15% by weight. If the content of vanadium oxide is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of addition cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 25% by weight, no significant improvement in activity is observed, and in some cases the activity decreases. Is not preferable.
The exhaust gas treatment catalyst of the present invention contains molybdenum oxide as a subcomponent. The content of molybdenum oxide is preferably 0. 0 with respect to the main component titanium oxide (titanium oxide, Ti-Si composite oxide, or total of titanium oxide and Ti-Si composite oxide). It is 1 to 25% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, still more preferably 0.5 to 15% by weight, and particularly preferably 1 to 15% by weight. If the content of molybdenum oxide is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of addition cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 25% by weight, no significant improvement in activity is observed, and in some cases the activity decreases. Is not preferable.
[0013]
As a feedstock for vanadium oxide and molybdenum oxide, any of inorganic and organic compounds can be used in addition to the respective oxides themselves, as long as these oxides are generated by firing. For example, hydroxides, ammonium salts, oxalates, halides, sulfates, nitrates and the like containing each metal can be used.
The exhaust gas treatment catalyst according to the present invention is a catalyst containing oxides of titanium, molybdenum, and vanadium, and has a peak at 2θ = 27.3 ° in an X-ray diffraction pattern.
[0014]
The peak at 2θ = 27.3 ° in the X-ray diffraction pattern is one of a group of peaks given by molybdenum oxide. When the X-ray diffraction pattern of the molybdenum oxide crystal is measured, 2θ = 27.3 ° is obtained. One of the peaks appears.
When there is no peak at 2θ = 27.3 ° in the X-ray diffraction pattern, the molybdenum oxide is highly dispersed in the oxide of titanium. Further, when the peak intensity at 2θ = 27.3 ° is less than 1% of the peak intensity at 2θ = 25.3 °, which is one of the peaks of anatase titanium, molybdenum oxide is an oxide of titanium. It can be judged that the dispersion is sufficiently high.
[0015]
As previously mentioned, molybdenum oxide, etc. is highly dispersed to form a composite oxide, which has been a problem of conventional poisoning of titanium oxide and vanadium oxide by SO 2 in exhaust gas. In addition to being able to suppress deterioration, it is also possible to suppress the decrease in the catalytic activity inherent to titanium oxide and vanadium oxide. Thus, the above-described method is used to confirm that molybdenum oxide and the like are in a highly dispersed state. This is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2001-286729 and 2001-286733.
The inventor of the present invention uses molybdenum oxide, which is conventionally considered to contribute to performance improvement in a highly dispersed state, in a state of moderately agglomerated crystalline molybdenum oxide, which is different from the conventional idea. investigated. As a result, it was found that nitrogen oxide removal performance, removal performance of organic halogen compounds such as dioxins in exhaust gas, and durability were excellent. Then, when the X-ray diffraction pattern has a peak at 2θ = 27.3 °, it was found that the molybdenum oxide is present in a crystalline state in which the molybdenum oxide is appropriately aggregated in the titanium oxide. .
[0016]
Furthermore, in order for the molybdenum oxide to exist in a more moderately agglomerated crystalline state, the peak intensity of 2θ = 27.3 ° is one of the peaks of anatase-type titanium 2θ = 25.3 °. The peak intensity is preferably 1% or more and 50% or less. When the peak intensity at 2θ = 27.3 ° is less than 1% of the peak intensity at 2θ = 25.3 °, which is one of the peaks of anatase titanium, the crystallinity of molybdenum oxide is insufficient. Therefore, the effect of the present invention may not be exhibited. Further, when the peak intensity at 2θ = 27.3 ° is larger than 50% of the peak intensity at 2θ = 25.3 °, which is one of the peaks of anatase titanium, molybdenum is in an extremely aggregated state. Since the specific surface area of the crystalline molybdenum particles decreases, the effects of the invention cannot be exhibited, which is not preferable.
[0017]
In the exhaust gas treatment catalyst of the present invention, as described above, it is important that molybdenum oxide exists in a crystalline state in which molybdenum oxide is appropriately aggregated in the oxide of titanium. That is, paying attention to the particle diameter of molybdenum oxide, it is regarded as a state containing molybdenum oxide particles in a certain particle diameter range, and the following invention has also been completed.
That is, the exhaust gas treatment catalyst of the present invention is a catalyst containing oxides of titanium, molybdenum, and vanadium, and contains molybdenum oxide particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm to 20 μm. . The particle diameter is preferably 1 μm or more and 18 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or more and 15 μm or less.
[0018]
Furthermore, in order for the molybdenum oxide to be present in a more appropriately aggregated state, the ratio of molybdenum oxide particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less is preferably 1% or more and 30% or less, and preferably 1% or more. More preferably, it is 25% or less.
The method for analyzing the state of the particles as described above is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include EPMA and SEM-EDS. Hereinafter, EPMA analysis will be described as an example.
The EPMA analysis of the catalyst surface is an analysis for observing the state of the catalyst composition component in the catalyst to be analyzed, and is usually performed by the same analysis method as the EPMA analysis generally performed. When analyzing the state of the catalyst by EPMA analysis, for example, a sample obtained by cutting out a small amount of the surface of an arbitrary catalyst is used as a measurement sample. Although the method etc. which make a sample are mentioned, it does not specifically limit. The exhaust gas treatment catalyst according to the present invention can be defined, for example, by EPMA analysis when the measurement area of the catalyst surface is 380 μm 2 . Of course, this measurement area may be appropriately adjusted depending on conditions.
[0019]
The molybdenum particle diameter and the ratio thereof were calculated from the number average measured from the EPMA chart. If the above range is not satisfied, the effect of the present invention cannot be sufficiently achieved, which is not preferable.
In general, the state observed on any part of the catalyst surface can be treated as directly reflecting the state of the entire catalyst. For example, when the catalyst surface is subjected to EPMA analysis with a measurement area of 380 μm 2 , the particle diameter is 1 μm. When the ratio of molybdenum oxide of 20 μm or less in the measurement area is 1% or more and 30% or less, it can be presumed that the entire catalyst is in the same state. In addition, you may average the measurement results of arbitrary several places. Therefore, in the exhaust gas treatment catalyst of the present invention, for example, when the catalyst surface is subjected to EPMA analysis with a measurement area of 380 μm 2 , molybdenum oxide particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm to 20 μm are observed, and the particle diameter is A ratio of 1% or more and 20% or less of molybdenum oxide in the measurement area in the measurement area of 1% or more and 30% or less means a state over the entire catalyst.
[0020]
The particle diameter in the present invention means the diameter in the case of spherical particles, but means the longest diameter when it does not have a certain diameter (when it is not spherical).
The shape of the catalyst of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be used in a desired shape selected from a plate shape, a corrugated plate shape, a net shape, a honeycomb shape, a columnar shape, a cylindrical shape, and the like, and alumina, silica, It may be used by being supported on a carrier having a desired shape selected from a plate shape, corrugated plate shape, mesh shape, honeycomb shape, columnar shape, cylindrical shape made of cordierite, titania, stainless steel, or the like.
The catalyst of the present invention can be prepared by any method. One example is shown below, but the method for preparing the catalyst of the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0021]
As a method for preparing the catalyst of the present invention, for example, vanadium oxide and molybdenum oxide powders, salts, or a solution thereof are added in any order to titanium oxide powder, which is the main component. The method of preparation can be mentioned. Alternatively, the powder of vanadium oxide and molybdenum oxide, salts, or a solution thereof may be mixed in advance, and then added to the powder of titanium oxide as the main component. A method of impregnating and supporting a solution of a salt of vanadium oxide and molybdenum oxide or a mixture of both may be used.
Other preparation methods for the catalyst of the present invention include, for example, a method in which molybdenum oxide is supported on a mixture of titanium oxide and vanadium oxide, which are main components, and titanium oxide and molybdenum oxidation, which are main components. A method of supporting a vanadium oxide in a mixture of products can be mentioned.
[0022]
When mixing the titanium oxide and the Ti—Si composite oxide, it may follow a conventionally known mixing method. For example, the titanium oxide powder and the Ti—Si composite oxide powder are mixed in a mixer such as a kneader. Can be added and stirred and mixed.
The exhaust gas treatment catalyst of the present invention is used for treatment of various exhaust gases. The composition of the exhaust gas is not particularly limited, but the catalyst of the present invention is excellent in the decomposition activity of nitrogen oxides emitted from boilers, incinerators, gas turbines, diesel engines and various industrial processes. It is suitably used for exhaust gas treatment.
In order to perform denitration using the catalyst of the present invention, the catalyst of the present invention is brought into contact with exhaust gas in the presence of a reducing agent such as ammonia or urea, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are reduced and removed. The conditions at this time are not particularly limited, and can be carried out under conditions generally used for this type of reaction. Specifically, it may be appropriately determined in consideration of the type and properties of exhaust gas, the required decomposition rate of nitrogen oxides, and the like.
[0023]
Incidentally, the space velocity of the exhaust gas when performing denitration using the catalyst of the present invention is usually a 100~100000Hr -1 (STP), preferably 200~50000Hr -1 (STP). If it is less than 100 Hr −1 , the processing apparatus becomes too large to be inefficient, and if it exceeds 100000 Hr −1 , the decomposition efficiency is lowered. Moreover, it is preferable that the temperature in that case is 100-500 degreeC, More preferably, it is 150-400 degreeC.
The catalyst of the present invention is also suitably used for treating exhaust gas containing an organic halogen compound generated from an incineration facility for treating industrial waste and municipal waste.
[0024]
In order to treat the organic halogen compound using the catalyst of the present invention, the catalyst of the present invention is brought into contact with exhaust gas to decompose and remove the organic halogen compound in the exhaust gas. The conditions at this time are not particularly limited, and can be carried out under conditions generally used for this type of reaction. Specifically, it may be appropriately determined in consideration of the type and properties of exhaust gas, the required decomposition rate of the organic halogen compound, and the like. By adding a reducing agent such as ammonia or urea, denitration can be performed simultaneously.
Incidentally, the space velocity of the exhaust gas in the case of performing the processing of the organohalogen compounds using the catalyst of the present invention is usually a 100~100000Hr -1 (STP), preferably 200~50000Hr -1 (STP). If it is less than 100 Hr −1 , the processing apparatus becomes too large to be inefficient, and if it exceeds 100000 Hr −1 , the decomposition efficiency is lowered. Moreover, it is preferable that the temperature in that case is 130-500 degreeC, More preferably, it is 150-400 degreeC.
[0025]
【Example】
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
(XRD measurement)
X-ray diffraction pattern measurement, that is, XRD measurement was performed using an X-ray diffraction apparatus (Rigaku RU-300).
(EPMA analysis)
In the EPMA analysis, an X-ray image of MoLα was measured at a magnification of 4000 times under the conditions of a weighted voltage of 15 kV and a sample current of 50 nA using Shimadzu Corporation EPMA-1610.
[0026]
( Reference Example 1)
A solution obtained by dissolving 1.47 kg of ammonium metavanadate, 1.8 kg of oxalic acid, and 0.4 kg of monoethanolamine in 5 liters of water in 20 kg of commercially available titanium oxide powder (DT-51 (trade name), manufactured by Millennium). Then, 1.59 kg of molybdenum trioxide powder was added, mixed with a forming aid, kneaded with a kneader, and then formed into a honeycomb shape with an extruder. The obtained molded product was dried at 60 ° C. and calcined at 530 ° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain the desired catalyst (1). The composition at this time was TiO 2 : MoO 3 : V 2 O 5 = 88: 7: 5 in terms of weight ratio in terms of oxide.
[0027]
When the catalyst (1) was analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer, a peak was observed at 2θ = 27.3 ° as shown in FIG. 1 and its enlarged FIG. The peak intensity at 2θ = 27.3 ° was 2% of the peak intensity at 2θ = 25.3 °, which is one of the peaks of anatase titanium.
Furthermore, when the catalyst surface of the catalyst (1) was analyzed by EPMA at a measurement area of 380 μm 2 , the ratio of molybdenum oxide having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less in the measurement area was 19%.
An electron beam photograph taken by EPMA analysis of the catalyst (1) is shown in FIG. A white portion in FIG. 7 represents molybdenum oxide.
[0028]
(Example 1 )
<Preparation of Ti-Si composite oxide powder>
Ti-Si composite oxide powder was prepared as follows. 10 kg of silica sol (Snowtex-30, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, 30 wt% in terms of SiO 2 ), 104 kg of industrial ammonia water (containing 25 wt% NH 3 ) and 73 liters of water were mixed to prepare a uniform solution. To this solution, 243 liters of a sulfuric acid solution of titanyl sulfate (manufactured by Teika, containing 70 g / liter as TiO 2 and 287 g / liter as H 2 SO 4 ) was gradually added dropwise with stirring. The obtained slurry was allowed to stand for about 20 hours, washed with filtered water, and subsequently dried at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. Furthermore, it was fired at 550 ° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere, and further pulverized using a hammer mill to obtain a powder. The composition of the Ti—Si composite oxide powder thus prepared was TiO 2 : SiO 2 = 85: 15 (oxide weight ratio).
[0029]
<Addition of vanadium oxide and molybdenum oxide>
A solution prepared by dissolving 1.43 kg of ammonium metavanadate, 1.7 kg of oxalic acid, 0.4 kg of monoethanolamine in 5 liters of water in 20 kg of the Ti—Si composite oxide powder prepared above, and molybdenum trioxide powder 1.11 kg of the product was added, mixed with a forming aid, kneaded with a kneader, and then formed into a honeycomb shape with an extruder. The obtained molded product was dried at 60 ° C. and calcined at 530 ° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain the desired catalyst (2). The composition at this time was Ti—Si composite oxide: MoO 3 : V 2 O 5 = 90: 5: 5 in terms of oxide-converted weight ratio.
[0030]
When the catalyst (2) was analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer, a peak was observed at 2θ = 27.3 ° as shown in FIG. The peak intensity at 2θ = 27.3 ° was 16% of the peak intensity at 2θ = 25.3 °, which is one of the peaks of anatase titanium.
Further, when the catalyst surface of the catalyst (2) was analyzed by EPMA at a measurement area of 380 μm 2 , the ratio of molybdenum oxide having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less in the measurement area was 10%.
An electron beam photograph taken by EPMA analysis of the catalyst (2) is shown in FIG. A white portion in FIG. 8 represents molybdenum oxide.
[0031]
(Example 2 )
A solution prepared by dissolving 1.43 kg of ammonium metavanadate, 1.7 kg of oxalic acid, 0.4 kg of monoethanolamine in 5 liters of water in 20 kg of the Ti-Si composite oxide powder prepared in Example 1 , and paramolybdic acid A solution prepared by dissolving 1.36 kg of ammonium and 0.54 kg of monoethanolamine in 3 liters of water was added, mixed with a molding aid, kneaded with a kneader, and then formed into a honeycomb shape with an extruder. The obtained molded product was dried at 60 ° C. and calcined at 530 ° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain the desired catalyst (3). The composition at this time was Ti—Si composite oxide: MoO 3 : V 2 O 5 = 90: 5: 5 in terms of oxide-converted weight ratio.
[0032]
When the catalyst (3) was analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer, a peak was observed at 2θ = 27.3 ° as shown in FIG. The peak intensity at 2θ = 27.3 ° was 23% of the peak intensity at 2θ = 25.3 °, which is one of the peaks of anatase titanium.
Further, when the catalyst surface of the catalyst (3) was analyzed by EPMA at a measurement area of 380 μm 2 , the ratio of molybdenum oxide having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less in the measurement area was 6%.
An electron beam photograph taken by EPMA analysis of the catalyst (3) is shown in FIG. A white portion in FIG. 9 represents molybdenum oxide.
[0033]
(Comparative Example 1)
A solution of 1.43 kg of ammonium metavanadate, 1.7 kg of oxalic acid, 0.4 kg of monoethanolamine dissolved in 5 liters of water in 20 kg of commercially available titanium oxide powder (DT-51 (trade name), manufactured by Millennium). And 1.36 kg of ammonium paramolybdate and 0.54 kg of monoethanolamine dissolved in 3 liters of water, mixed together with a molding aid, kneaded with a kneader, and then formed into a honeycomb shape with an extruder. Molded. The obtained molded product was dried at 60 ° C. and calcined at 350 ° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain the desired catalyst (4). The composition at this time was TiO 2 : MoO 3 : V 2 O 5 = 90: 5: 5 in terms of weight ratio in terms of oxide.
[0034]
When the catalyst (4) was analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer, no peak was observed at 2θ = 27.3 ° as shown in FIG.
Further, when the catalyst surface of the catalyst (4) was subjected to EPMA analysis at a measurement area of 380 μm 2 , the ratio of molybdenum oxide having a particle diameter of 1 μm to 20 μm in the measurement area was 0%.
An electron beam photograph taken by EPMA analysis of the catalyst (4) is shown in FIG. A white portion in FIG. 10 represents molybdenum oxide.
(Comparative Example 2)
A solution prepared by dissolving 1.40 kg of ammonium metavanadate, 1.7 kg of oxalic acid, and 0.4 kg of monoethanolamine in 5 liters of water in 20 kg of the Ti—Si composite oxide powder prepared in Example 1 , and paramolybdic acid A solution prepared by dissolving 0.8 kg of ammonium and 0.32 kg of monoethanolamine in 3 liters of water was added, mixed with a molding aid, kneaded with a kneader, and then formed into a honeycomb shape with an extruder. The obtained molded product was dried at 60 ° C. and calcined at 350 ° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain the desired catalyst (5). The composition at this time was Ti—Si composite oxide: MoO 3 : V 2 O 5 = 92: 3: 5 in terms of oxide-converted weight ratio.
[0035]
When the catalyst (5) was analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer, a peak was not observed at 2θ = 27.3 ° as shown in FIG.
Furthermore, when the EPMA analysis of the catalyst surface of the catalyst (5) was performed at a measurement area of 380 μm 2 , the ratio of molybdenum oxide having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less in the measurement area was 0%.
An electron beam photograph taken by EPMA analysis of the catalyst (5) is shown in FIG. A white portion in FIG. 11 represents molybdenum oxide.
(Denitration performance test and dioxin decomposition test)
Using the catalysts (1) to (5) obtained in Reference Example 1, Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a denitration performance test and a dioxin decomposition test were performed under the following conditions.
[0036]
The denitration rate and the dioxin decomposition rate were determined according to the following formula.
Denitration rate (%) = [(reactor inlet NOx concentration) − (reactor outlet NOx concentration)] ÷ (reactor inlet NOx concentration) × 100
Dioxin decomposition rate (%) = [(reactor inlet dioxin concentration) − (reactor outlet dioxin concentration)] ÷ (reactor inlet dioxin concentration) × 100
<Denitration reaction gas composition>
NOx: 100ppm
SO 2 : 20 ppm
NH 3 : 100 ppm
O 2 : 10%
H 2 O: 15%
N 2 : Balance gas temperature: 240 ° C
Space velocity: 19000Hr -1
<Dioxin decomposition reaction gas composition>
Dioxin concentration: about 1 ng
O 2 : 15%
H 2 O: 12%
SO 2 : 20 ppm
Soot: 100 mg / Nm 3
N 2 : Balance gas temperature: 200 ° C
Space velocity: 2500Hr -1
Table 1 shows the results of the denitration performance test, and Table 2 shows the results of the dioxins decomposition test.
[0037]
[Table 1]
[0038]
[Table 2]
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the exhaust gas treatment catalyst excellent in the removal performance of nitrogen oxides, the removal performance of organic halogen compounds, such as dioxins in exhaust gas, and durability can be provided.
Therefore, when used as a denitration catalyst, the denitration performance is improved.
Further, when used as a catalyst for removing organic halogen compounds, organic halogen compounds such as dioxins in exhaust gas can be efficiently removed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[1] In the X-ray diffraction pattern diagram Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst (1) prepared in Reference Example 1 [3] Example 1 catalyst (1) prepared in Reference Example 1 FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst (3) prepared in Example 2. FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst (4) prepared in Comparative Example 1. patterns Figure 6 X-ray diffraction pattern diagram of the catalyst prepared in Comparative example 2 (5) [7] electron beam photograph by EPMA analysis of the catalyst (1) prepared in reference example 1 8 example 1 FIG. 9 is an electron beam photograph of the catalyst (3) prepared in Example 2 by EPMA analysis. FIG. 9 is an electron beam photograph of the catalyst (3) prepared in Example 2 by EPMA analysis. Electron beam photograph by EPMA analysis FIG. 11: EPMA analysis of catalyst (5) prepared in Comparative Example 2 Child-ray photograph
Claims (2)
X線回折パターンにおいて2θ=27.3°のモリブデン酸化物によるピーク強度が、アナターゼ型チタンのピークの一つである2θ=25.3°のピーク強度の1%以上50%以下であり、
粒子径が1μm以上20μm以下であるモリブデン酸化物粒子の割合が1%以上30%以下である、
ことを特徴とする、排ガス処理用触媒。A catalyst containing a composite oxide of titanium and silicon, an oxide of molybdenum, and an oxide of vanadium,
In the X-ray diffraction pattern, the peak intensity due to molybdenum oxide at 2θ = 27.3 ° is 1% to 50% of the peak intensity at 2θ = 25.3 °, which is one of the peaks of anatase-type titanium,
The proportion of molybdenum oxide particles having a particle size of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less is 1% or more and 30% or less
An exhaust gas treatment catalyst characterized by the above.
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