JP4002966B2 - Diamond composite self-lubricating friction material - Google Patents
Diamond composite self-lubricating friction material Download PDFInfo
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- JP4002966B2 JP4002966B2 JP2002118225A JP2002118225A JP4002966B2 JP 4002966 B2 JP4002966 B2 JP 4002966B2 JP 2002118225 A JP2002118225 A JP 2002118225A JP 2002118225 A JP2002118225 A JP 2002118225A JP 4002966 B2 JP4002966 B2 JP 4002966B2
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は機械や可動構造物の摺動部分に適用し、大気中および水中で使用される摩擦係数が低く、耐摩耗性が高い、ダイヤモンド複合自己潤滑性摩擦材料（以下、単に材料とも言う）に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
機械などの動力エネルギーを節減し、摺動部の寿命を長くするため、低い摩擦係数と高い耐摩耗性を兼ね備える摩擦材料が望まれる。これまでに金属系、セラミックス系、黒鉛系、プラスチック系などの各種の自己潤滑性摩擦材料が開発され、実用化されている。これらの中でプラスチック系は、材料製作のエネルギーも他の系より少なくて済むという利点がある。
【０００３】
従来、ポリイミド−ＰＴＦＥ（ポリテトラフロホロエチレン）との混合樹脂からなるマトリックス中にクラスターダイヤモンド（ＣＤ）、グラファイトクラスターダイヤモンド（ＧＣＤ）を分散させたもの（高津宗吉、梅田一徳、田中章浩、黛政男：トライボロジー会議予稿集、２００１年５月、Ｐ１８７−１８８、２００１年１１月、Ｐ２３３−２３４）が室温大気中で優れた摩擦・摩耗特性を示すことは知られている。
しかし、この材料の場合、使用するＣＤ、ＧＣＤは他のダイヤモンドに比べて極めて高価で、材料コストが高くつくという問題点がある。またそのダイヤモンドの生産はロシアの１社に限られているため、材料の安定供給にも不安がある。従って、より安価で材料供給が安定しているダイヤモンドを用いて、ＣＤ、ＧＣＤと同等以上の特性を持つ摩擦材料の出現が望まれる。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、すぐれた摩擦・摩耗特性を示す自己潤滑性摩擦材料を提供することをその課題とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明らは、前記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。
即ち、この出願によれば、以下に示すダイヤモンド複合自己潤滑性摩擦材料が提供される。
（１）ポリテトラフルオロエチレンとポリエーテルエーテルケトンからなり、該ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの割合が５〜３０容量％である混合樹脂中に、粒径０．００１〜１２μｍの爆発合成ダイヤモンド微粉末及び／又は超高圧ダイヤモンド微粉末を摩擦材料全体に対して３〜１５容量％の割合で分散させた構造を有することを特徴とするダイヤモンド複合自己潤滑性摩擦材料。
（２）上記（１）に記載の材料を表面材として基材の片面又は両面上に形成したことを特徴とするダイヤモンド複合自己潤滑性摩擦材料。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において用いるダイヤモンド微粉末は、爆発合成ダイヤモンド（ＳＤ）微粉末又は超高圧ダイヤモンド（ＨＤ）微粉末あるいは両者の混合物（以下、これらのダイヤモンド微粉末を単にダイヤモンド微粉末とも言う）である。そのダイヤモンド微粉末の粒径は１２μｍ以下、好ましくは８μｍ以下である。その下限値は特に制約されないが、通常０．００１μｍ程度である。
前記ＳＤ微粉末及びＨＤ微粉末としては、市販のものを用いることができる。これらのダイヤモンドは、クラスターダイヤモンド（ＣＤ）やグラファイトクラスターダイヤモンド（ＧＣＤ）よりも安価であり、本発明の材料のコストを大幅に低減させる。
【０００７】
本発明では、前記ダイヤモンド微粉末分散用マトリックスとして、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンとポリイミドとの混合樹脂が用いられる。混合樹脂中のポリテトラフルオロエチレンの割合は、５〜３０容量％、好ましくは１０〜２０容量％である。
【０００８】
本発明のダイヤモンド複合自己潤滑性摩擦材料は、前記混合樹脂中にダイヤモンド微粉末を分散させた構造を有するが、そのダイヤモンド微粉末の割合は全材料（混合樹脂にとダイヤモンドとの総量）に対して、３〜１５容量％である。本発明では、特に、粒径１２μｍ以下、より好ましくは８μｍ以下のダイヤモンド微粉末を、全材料に対して３〜１５容量％の割合で容量％含有させるのがよい。
【０００９】
本発明では、ダイヤモンド微粉末の粒径及びその混合樹脂中へ分散させる割合を、前記のように規定することにより、従来のＣＤやＧＣＤを用いた材料と同等ないしそれ以上の摩擦・摩耗特性を有する材料を得ることができる。また、本発明の材料は、大気中ではもちろん、水中でも良好な摩擦・摩耗特性を示す。
【００１０】
本発明の材料と製造するには、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン微粉末とポリイミド微粉末との混合微粉末に対してダイヤモンド微粉末を添加混合して成形用混合物を作る。
次に、この混合物を所要の形状の成形型、例えば金型や黒鉛型に充填し、放電プラズマ焼結装置（ＳＰＳ）を用いて、プラズマ焼結処理する。この場合、その圧力は１０〜１００ＭＰａであり、その温度は１００〜２５０℃である。
【００１１】
このようにして、所要形状を有する混合樹脂（マトリックス）中にダイヤモンド微粉末が分散した本発明の材料を得ることができる。その材料の形状は、シート状、板状、ブロック状等の各種の形状であることができる。
【００１２】
本発明の材料は、、その材料を表面材として基板の片面又は両面に形成した構造のものとすることができる。この場合、その表面材は膜状体であることができるが、その厚さは使用条件等により任意に決めることができる。基板材質としては、プラスチックや、セラミック、金属等を用いることができる。
前記のような基板の片面に本発明の材料からなる膜体が形成された材料を好ましく製造するには、成形型内でプラスチック粉末層とダイヤモンド微粉末を含有する混合樹脂微粉末層とを積層し、プラズマ焼結処理すればよい。この場合、基板を形成するプラスチック微粉末としては混合樹脂微粉末と同一の条件でプラズマ焼結処理できるものであればよく、このようなものとしては、例えば、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン（ＰＥＥＫ）等の樹脂の微粉末を挙げることができる。その平均粒径は、通常市販されている範囲のものでよく、任意のものを使用することができる。
【００１３】
本発明の材料は、その材料を表面材として基板の両面に形成した構造（サンドイッチ構造）のものとすることができる。この場合、その表面材は膜状体であることができるが、その厚さは使用条件等により任意に決めることができる。基板材質としては、プラスチックや、セラミック、金属等を用いることができる。
前記のような基板の両面に本発明の材料からなる膜体が形成された材料を好ましく製造するには、成形型内でプラスチック微粉末層の両面にダイヤモンド微粉末を含有する混合樹脂微粉末層を積層し、これをプラズマ焼結処理すればよい。この場合、基板を形成するプラスチック微粉末としては、混合樹脂微粉末と同一の条件でプラズマ焼結処理できるものであればよく、このようなものとしては、例えば、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン（ＰＥＥＫ）等の樹脂の微粉末を挙げることができる。その平均粒径は、通常市販されている範囲のものでよく、任意のものを使用することができる。
【００１４】
【実施例】
次に本発明を実施例によりさらに詳述する。
【００１５】
実施例１
ポリテトラフルオロエチレン微粉末（旭硝子社製、「アフロンＧ３５０」）とポリイミド（日本ポリイミド社製、「ケルイミド１０１０」）との混合物中にダイヤモンド微粉末を均一に混合分散させ、この混合物を金型内に層状に充填し、プラズマ焼結処理を施して、ポリエトラフルオロエチレンとポリイミドとの混合樹脂中にダイヤモンド微粉末が分散した構造の円形状板体（直径２０ｍｍ、厚さ６ｍｍ）を得た。この場合、混合樹脂中のポリテトラフルオロエチレンの割合は２０容量％であった。
前記プラズマ焼結処理は、その装置として、プラズマ焼結装置（住友石炭鉱業（株））を用い、圧力；５０ＭＰａ、温度：２２０℃の条件で行った。
【００１６】
前記のようにして得られた材料の摩擦・摩耗試験を、ボールオンブロック式往復摩擦試験械を用いて行った。この場合の試験は、相手材としてはアルミナボールを用い、試験荷重２５Ｎ、摩擦速度２０ｍ／ｓの条件下、大気中の往復摩擦により行った。その結果を表１に示す。
【００１７】
【表１】
実施例２
実施例１と同様にして作成した材料について、実施例１と同条件下、水中で摩擦試験を行った。その結果を表２に示す。
【００１９】
【表２】
前記表中に符号で示したダイヤモンドの具体的内容は以下通りである。
（１）ＳＤ：粒径０．１μｍ以下
（２）ＨＤ（Ｉ）：粒径１μｍ以下
（３）ＨＤ（II）：粒径３〜６μｍ
（４）ＨＤ（III）：粒径６〜１２μｍ
【００２１】
【発明の効果】
本発明によるダイヤモンドの複合自己潤滑性摩擦材料は、安価なダイヤモンド部粉末を用いたにもかかわらず、従来の高価なダイヤモンドの微粉末を用いた場合と同等の摩擦・摩耗特性を有するものである。また、本発明の材料は、水中においてもすぐれた摩擦・摩耗特性を示す。従って、本発明の材料は、油圧機械から環境汚染がなく、安全性の高い水圧機械への転換にも寄与するものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is applied to sliding parts of machines and movable structures, and is a diamond composite self-lubricating friction material (hereinafter also simply referred to as material) having a low friction coefficient and high wear resistance used in the atmosphere and water. It is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to save power energy of a machine or the like and prolong the life of a sliding portion, a friction material having a low friction coefficient and high wear resistance is desired. Various self-lubricating friction materials such as metal, ceramic, graphite, and plastic have been developed and put to practical use. Among these, the plastic system has an advantage that less energy is required for material production than the other systems.
[0003]
Conventionally, cluster diamond (CD) and graphite cluster diamond (GCD) are dispersed in a matrix made of a mixed resin of polyimide-PTFE (polytetrafluoroholoethylene) (Muneyoshi Takatsu, Kazunori Umeda, Akihiro Tanaka, Masao Tsuji) : Tribology Conference Proceedings, May 2001, P187-188, November 2001, P233-234) are known to exhibit excellent friction and wear characteristics in the room temperature atmosphere.
However, in the case of this material, CD and GCD to be used are extremely expensive compared to other diamonds, and there is a problem that the material cost is high. Moreover, since the production of the diamond is limited to one Russian company, there is concern about the stable supply of materials. Therefore, the appearance of a friction material having characteristics equal to or better than those of CD and GCD is desired using diamond which is cheaper and whose material supply is stable.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a self-lubricating friction material exhibiting excellent friction / wear characteristics.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have completed the present invention.
That is, according to this application, the following diamond composite self-lubricating friction material is provided.
(1) An explosive synthetic diamond fine powder having a particle size of 0.001 to 12 μm and / or a mixed resin comprising polytetrafluoroethylene and polyetheretherketone, wherein the proportion of the polytetrafluoroethylene is 5 to 30% by volume, and / or Alternatively, a diamond composite self-lubricating friction material having a structure in which ultra-high pressure diamond fine powder is dispersed at a ratio of 3 to 15% by volume with respect to the entire friction material.
(2) A diamond composite self-lubricating friction material characterized in that the material described in (1) above is used as a surface material on one or both surfaces of a base material.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The diamond fine powder used in the present invention is explosive synthetic diamond (SD) fine powder, ultra-high pressure diamond (HD) fine powder, or a mixture of both (hereinafter, these diamond fine powders are also simply referred to as diamond fine powders). The particle diameter of the diamond fine powder is 12 μm or less, preferably 8 μm or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.001 μm.
Commercially available SD fine powder and HD fine powder can be used. These diamonds are cheaper than cluster diamond (CD) and graphite cluster diamond (GCD), greatly reducing the cost of the material of the present invention.
[0007]
In the present invention, a mixed resin of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyimide is used as the matrix for dispersing the diamond fine powder. The ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene in the mixed resin is 5 to 30% by volume, preferably 10 to 20% by volume.
[0008]
Diamond composite self-lubricating friction material of the present invention has the diamond in the mixed resin fine powder was a dispersed structure, the proportion of the diamond fine powder to (total amount of the diamond mixed resin) All material 3 to 15% by volume. In the present invention, in particular, diamond fine powder having a particle size of 12 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less is preferably contained in a volume percentage of 3 to 15 volume% with respect to the total material.
[0009]
In the present invention, by specifying the particle size of the diamond fine powder and the ratio of the dispersion in the mixed resin as described above, the friction and wear characteristics equal to or higher than those of conventional materials using CD or GCD can be obtained. The material which has can be obtained. In addition, the material of the present invention exhibits good friction / wear characteristics in water as well as in the air.
[0010]
For production with the material of the present invention, a diamond fine powder is added to and mixed with a mixed fine powder of a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder and a polyimide fine powder to form a molding mixture.
Next, this mixture is filled into a mold having a required shape, for example, a mold or a graphite mold, and plasma sintering is performed using a discharge plasma sintering apparatus (SPS). In this case, the pressure is 10 to 100 MPa, and the temperature is 100 to 250 ° C.
[0011]
Thus, the material of the present invention in which diamond fine powder is dispersed in a mixed resin (matrix) having a required shape can be obtained. The shape of the material can be various shapes such as a sheet shape, a plate shape, and a block shape.
[0012]
The material of the present invention can have a structure in which the material is formed on one or both sides of the substrate as a surface material. In this case, the surface material can be a film-like body, but the thickness can be arbitrarily determined depending on the use conditions and the like. As the substrate material, plastic, ceramic, metal or the like can be used.
In order to preferably manufacture a material in which the film body made of the material of the present invention is formed on one side of the substrate as described above, a plastic powder layer and a mixed resin fine powder layer containing diamond fine powder are laminated in a mold. Then, a plasma sintering process may be performed. In this case, the plastic fine powder that forms the substrate may be any powder that can be subjected to plasma sintering under the same conditions as the mixed resin fine powder. The fine powder of resin, such as, can be mentioned. The average particle diameter may be in a range that is usually commercially available, and any one can be used.
[0013]
The material of the present invention may have a structure (sandwich structure) in which the material is used as a surface material on both surfaces of the substrate. In this case, the surface material can be a film-like body, but the thickness can be arbitrarily determined depending on the use conditions and the like. As the substrate material, plastic, ceramic, metal or the like can be used.
In order to preferably manufacture a material in which the film body made of the material of the present invention is formed on both surfaces of the substrate as described above, a mixed resin fine powder layer containing diamond fine powder on both surfaces of a plastic fine powder layer in a mold. May be laminated and plasma-sintered. In this case, the plastic fine powder forming the substrate may be any material that can be subjected to plasma sintering under the same conditions as the mixed resin fine powder. Examples of such a fine powder include polyimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK). ) And other fine resin powders. The average particle diameter may be in a range that is usually commercially available, and any one can be used.
[0014]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
[0015]
Example 1
Diamond fine powder is uniformly mixed and dispersed in a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder (Aflon G350 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) and polyimide (manufactured by Nippon Polyimide Co., Ltd., “Kelimide 1010”). A circular plate body (diameter: 20 mm, thickness: 6 mm) having a structure in which diamond fine powder was dispersed in a mixed resin of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyimide was obtained. In this case, the ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene in the mixed resin was 20% by volume.
The plasma sintering process was performed using a plasma sintering apparatus (Sumitomo Coal Mining Co., Ltd.) as the apparatus under the conditions of pressure: 50 MPa and temperature: 220 ° C.
[0016]
A friction / wear test of the material obtained as described above was performed using a ball-on-block reciprocating friction tester. The test in this case was performed by reciprocating friction in the atmosphere under the conditions of a test load of 25 N and a friction speed of 20 m / s using an alumina ball as the counterpart material. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Example 2
A material prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was subjected to a friction test in water under the same conditions as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0019]
[Table 2]
The specific contents of the diamond indicated by reference numerals in the table are as follows.
(1) SD: particle size 0.1 μm or less (2) HD (I): particle size 1 μm or less (3) HD (II): particle size 3-6 μm
(4) HD (III): particle size 6-12 μm
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
The composite self-lubricating friction material of diamond according to the present invention has the same friction and wear characteristics as those obtained by using conventional fine diamond powder, despite using inexpensive diamond powder. . In addition, the material of the present invention exhibits excellent friction / wear characteristics even in water. Therefore, the material of the present invention contributes to the conversion from a hydraulic machine to a hydraulic machine having no environmental pollution and high safety.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002118225A JP4002966B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2002-04-19 | Diamond composite self-lubricating friction material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002118225A JP4002966B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2002-04-19 | Diamond composite self-lubricating friction material |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003313576A JP2003313576A (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| JP4002966B2 true JP4002966B2 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
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| JP2002118225A Expired - Lifetime JP4002966B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2002-04-19 | Diamond composite self-lubricating friction material |
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| CN106830939B (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2020-08-21 | 宜昌超光半导体有限公司 | Diamond substrate and preparation method thereof |
| JP7068002B2 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2022-05-16 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Thermoplastic elastomer composition and weather strip and its manufacturing method |
| CN108359516B (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2021-12-10 | 广州顺润新材料科技有限公司 | Engine lubricating oil antiwear agent and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2003313576A (en) | 2003-11-06 |
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