JP4006212B2 - Fuel additive for internal combustion engine fuel based on combustion theory - Google Patents

Description

【００１０】
【作用】
アニオン界面活性剤自体は、高温環境下の燃焼室内部で、気化、分解し、ナトリウム金属は、金属蒸気より金属イオンとして単独のミクロ分子としての運動と化学反応を起すことが充分考察できる。
ナトリウム金属イオンは、着火と同時に不安定な過酸化金属Ｎａ_２Ｏ_２となるが、次式に示す様に、量的に比率の高い周囲の燃焼反応完了物質である二酸化炭素 ＣＯ_２と反応し、１／２Ｏ_２の酸素を発生する。
【００１１】
【化１】

【００１２】
発生した酸素は、二次燃焼として未燃焼のＣＯおよびＨＣと反応し、完全燃焼に資する因となっている。
而して、高温で全く未燃焼の状態で排気ガスとして排出される燃料そのものの刺激臭が激減或いは全くなくなる。
又、ディーゼル機関では、常時異常燃焼を起こしていることは否定出来ず、不完全燃焼に起因する高周波の圧力振動音のディーゼルノックのノイズ発生が惹起するが、本発明の添加剤の添加で、ディーゼルノックは解消し、エンジン音が頗る軽快になる。
【００１３】
本発明の燃料添加剤中のアニオン界面活性剤、ブチルアセテートは、燃焼室内に堆積付着した固化スラッジに対し、浸透、分散、溶解の特性を有し、添加された燃料は、貫通性を有して液体燃料として噴射され、付着スラッジにエンジンストローク毎に作用し、微粒分解物としては排気中に排出される。当然燃焼室内部は常時清浄である。
【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、ナトリウム金属を化学構造中に有するアニオン界面活性剤と、付着固化した炭化スラッジに対する浸透固化性の優れた有機溶媒であるブチルアセテート、ケロシンとの混合組成で燃料添加剤を製造した。なお、アニオン界面活性剤としては、種々のものがあるが、親油性が大きいものであれば特に限定されない。
【００１５】
【実施例】
本実施例においては、アニオン界面活性剤として、大きな構造の親油基を持つ、ビス（２−エチルヘキシル）スルホコハク酸ナトリウムを２３重量％、有機溶媒としてブチルアセテートを４０重量％及びケロシンを３７重量％を混合して、所期の添加剤を製造した。 而して、上記燃料添加剤を、重油、ガソリン、ディーゼル軽油等の炭化水素燃料中に、０．０５〜０．８重量％範囲で添加して燃料を改質した。
唯、不測の運転での黒煙の排出を抑制するためには、０．３０％添加が最も好ましいが、燃費の節減及び添加燃料油の価格設定等の経済的な面で、基準添加量を０．０５〜０．３％とした。
而して、添加量を上記の如く定めることによって、炭化水素系燃料中には、ナトリウム量換算で５．０〜１００ｐｐｍ、有機溶媒であるブチルアセテートが０．００２〜０．０４％の範囲で添加されるものである。
【００１６】
【試験例１】
本発明による燃料添加剤の燃焼理論の可否を検討する目的で、ディーゼル軽油に本発明に係る添加剤を０．５％添加して、無添加時との比較走行試験を行った。
特定ディーゼル車両に、積載負荷として定重量の不凍油をドラム詰めとして、４００ｋｇ、乗員３名でタコグラフを使用し、横浜〜大阪間の東名高速道路を中心に走行した。
走行試験の結果は、下記表２に示した通りであり、低速及び高速運転時の燃費の節減率、登坂性能に見られる出力増大、最高時速の伸びから、完全燃焼による理論の裏付けを確認した。
【００１７】
【表２】

【００１８】
而して、タコグラフ記録と走行区分、速度別走行距離及び区分燃費の計算により、表３を作製して、図１に示すような添加剤使用燃費対比線図を作製した。
【００１９】
【表３】

【００２０】
【試験例２】
本発明に係る燃料添加剤をガソリンに０．３％添加して、完全燃焼の指針となる排気ガス中の不完全燃焼物である一酸化炭素及びハイドロカーボンを、アイドリング測定範囲で堀場製作所製の排気ガス測定装置で計測した。
その結果、下記表４に示すように、排気ガス中の不完全燃焼物である一酸化炭素及びハイドロカーボンが確実にカットされていることが分かった。
【００２１】
【表４】

【００２２】
【試験例３】
三菱重工製の船舶エンジンを搭載した鮭鱒船に研究発明者本人が同乗し、本発明による燃料添加物を、使用燃料重油に基準添加量の０．３％を添加し、潤滑油の温度、排気ガス温度及び排煙状況を調査した。
結果は、下記表５に記載されたように、潤滑油，排気共温度が低下すると共に、黒煙の排出がなくなり、実施例３の結果を肯定し得た。
潤滑油の温度低下、排気温度の低下は、燃料の熱精算上で低下分の熱エネルギーは、エンジン出力上昇の運動エネルギーに転換されている。また、１６００ｒｐｍの所定回転数が１６２０ｒｐｍとなっている。
【００２３】
【表５】

【００２４】
【試験例４】
車両管理が完全で、実走行で外的要因に全く左右されない一定の線路上を運行するディーゼル気動車で、本発明の燃料添加剤をディーゼル軽油に０．３％添加し、燃費節減を目的とする試験を行った。
日本旅客鉄道（株）姫路管理部所管のディーゼル気動車を特定し、走行テストを行い、次の表６、表７の結果を得た。
なお、表中、仕様２１の運用は旅客数の少ない平日で負荷の少ない日であり、仕様へ２１の運用は土、日、祭日などの負荷の大きい旅客の多い日である。
而して、表７に示すように、仕様２１の運用では２．７６％の燃費節減、仕様へ２１の運用では１８．０８％の燃費節減の改善が見られた。
【００２５】
【表６】

【００２６】
【表７】

【００２７】
【試験例５】
本発明の燃料添加物の実用性と使用効果の確証を得る為、船用ディーゼルエンジンを数百時間休止することなく連続稼動させ、その燃料の軽油及び重油に添加使用を計画した。而して、厳寒の厳しい条件下の北洋鮭鱒漁とすけそうだら漁に従事する船舶に本発明の燃料添加剤を使用し試験した。
即ち、北海道羅臼漁協所属船舶の軽油及び重油に、本発明の燃料添加剤を０．３％使用したものであって、この船舶において、ディーゼルノイズが殆どなくなり、エンジン音が軽快になると共に出力が増大した。
また、波と積荷による重荷重を強いられる状況下で常に不完全燃焼を惹起し、黒煙の排出が当然であった船舶が黒煙の排出がなくなった。更に、重油の粘度が下がり、軽油並みに始動性が良くなった。
燃焼室内部に固着した炭化スラッジが、航行１０日前後で灼熱状の火花で煙突より２〜３回排出され、エンジンメンテナンス経費の節減が計られた。
証左として、年一回のエンジンメーカー立会いによるエンジン分解で、三菱重工製エンジン燃焼室内部の平素金属スクレーパーで除去作業の固化した炭化スラッジがなかった。
【００２８】
【発明の効果】
本発明の組成物であるアニオン界面活性剤、有機溶剤の本来の物理的、化学的な特性を検討し、ミクロ攪拌因子となる気体中に均一分散する金属イオンの燃焼反応を解明した製品である。
基準添加量を燃料に対し、０．３％以下として実施例に示す有効な数値を得たが、添加量を増すことにより理論的組成で有る故に、更に効果的な結果を得ることは事実である。
【００２９】
本発明からは、次のような諸効果を生じるものである。
（１）内燃機関燃料の燃焼特性を改善することにより、エンジン出力の上昇と燃費の節減 をはかることが出来る。
（２）異常燃焼に起因するディーゼルノック音を大幅に抑制することができ、軽快なエン ジン音を得ることが出来る。
（３）給油ラインの清浄化と燃焼室内部の既に固着している炭化スラッジを除し、異常燃 焼の一因を解消し、常時クリーンな燃焼室を保持することが出来る。
（４）燃料の油滴群の熱分解による黒煙を始めとする微粒粉塵（ＰＭ）の排出を抑制する ことができる出来る。
（５）完全燃焼により排気ガス中の未燃焼物質であるＣＯ、ＨＣを低減することが出来る 。
（６）出力上昇に見られる平均有効圧の持続性で、ＮＯ_Ｘ、ＣＯ_２の走行距離に対する総 量規制に合致した結果を得ることが出来る。
（７）高温で排気として排出される未燃焼燃料の刺激臭がなくなり、人体の呼吸系粘膜に 対する影響を緩和することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 試験例１における添加剤使用対比線図である。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention promotes the vaporization of inhaled fuel, and makes monovalent alkali metal, particularly sodium metal ion, which can be micro-dispersed as metal vapor or metal ions in the vaporized fuel, exist as ignition nuclei during flame propagation, The present invention relates to a fuel reforming additive for the purpose of facilitating an oxidation reaction with oxygen and measuring complete combustion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The thermal energy of an internal combustion engine is a combustion reaction between hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen in the air, but as shown in the analytical measurement of exhaust gas, complete combustion including black smoke (PM) has been achieved. However, it has not yet reached the pollution control level.
[0003]
Recognizing the importance of creating an environment for the oxygenation reaction with oxygen in the air by the vaporization speed of inhaled fuel and the uniform gas molecular motion, the engine manufacturer researches on the engine structure and electronic control in the fueling mechanism, etc. Research and development of filter removal devices and catalytic reaction devices to remove pollution control substances such as black smoke contained in exhaust gas have been carried out, but there is still no certainty.
[0004]
In essence, it is believed that the fuel itself should be reformed by adding a small amount of fuel additive to the hydrocarbon fuel.
Conventionally, tetraethyl lead, which has been recognized only as an additive for gasoline, was experimentally extracted in the United States in 1915 as an initiator, and has been used until recently without being fully understood theoretically. I came.
In a high-temperature environment in the combustion chamber, metallic lead is considered to have worked as a stirring factor in fuel vaporization promotion during gas molecular motion as metal ions, and the instantaneous temperature drop in the combustion chamber is measured by the heat of vaporization. It is thought that the timing of ignition and combustion flame propagation was able to withstand a high compression ratio. However, as is well known, lead metal ions are extremely harmful. Regulated by Japanese law and not currently used.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Even if the amount of theoretical air required for complete combustion of the fuel is given in the intake or compression process, the flame does not ignite smoothly and does not cause a smooth flame propagation in the ignition, and the average effective pressure cannot be maintained. As a proof of incomplete combustion, it is clear from the measured values of harmful substances in the exhaust gas. The biggest issue is the gasification of liquid fuel with the promotion of vaporization in response to the reaction of oxygen in the air in a high-temperature environment in the combustion chamber.
[0006]
Also, in the combustion chamber of diesel engine, solidification adhesion of carbonized sludge cannot be denied, centering on the piston head, and at high temperatures, not only flame propagation accompanied by piston lowering in a burning state but also ignition is caused by the sludge adhesion part. This contributes to the reduction in output and the generation of daisy noise, and needs to be removed.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
It is a well-known fact that gasoline, diesel light oil and heavy oil sucked into the combustion chamber are in a state of overflow motion rather than horizontal swirl motion as the piston descends.
In particular, diesel light oil and heavy oil are injected as a droplet group of liquid fuel onto the piston head descending from the injection nozzle, and while measuring the single molecule as much as possible, it is uniformly dispersed as micromolecules in the vaporized fuel, Substances that have the property of assisting the propagation of fire as an ignition core are indispensable.
The present invention has a centrifugal force that promotes the transfer of your fuel from liquid to gas and is uniformly dispersed as micromolecules in the gas and is the most appropriate substance that acts as an ignition nuclear material. Of alkali metals, especially sodium metal, which is harmless.
In addition, as an organic compound having sodium metal in its chemical structure, a lipophilic anionic surfactant having a large lubricating permeability was selected in order to make the oil droplets into a single molecule and to remove fixed sludge.
[0008]
In addition, as shown in Table 1 below, the divalent alkaline earth metal has a larger specific gravity than the monovalent alkali metal and has a large difference in melting point. Although it is blown outward by centrifugal force and contributes to the vaporization of fuel, it cannot be uniformly dispersed during the movement of gas molecules, and cannot be an ignition core material for diesel light oil and heavy oil.
[0009]
[Table 1]

[0010]
[Action]
It can be sufficiently considered that the anionic surfactant itself is vaporized and decomposed in the combustion chamber in a high temperature environment, and sodium metal causes a movement and chemical reaction as a single micromolecule as a metal ion from a metal vapor.
The sodium metal ion becomes unstable metal peroxide Na ₂ O ₂ upon ignition, but reacts with carbon dioxide CO ₂ , which is a substance having a high combustion ratio in the surrounding area, as shown in the following formula. , 1 / 2O ₂ oxygen is generated.
[0011]
[Chemical 1]

[0012]
The generated oxygen reacts with unburned CO and HC as secondary combustion and contributes to complete combustion.
Thus, the irritating odor of the fuel itself discharged as exhaust gas in a completely unburned state at a high temperature is drastically reduced or eliminated.
In addition, in a diesel engine, it is undeniable that abnormal combustion is constantly occurring, and noise generation of diesel knock of high-frequency pressure vibration sound caused by incomplete combustion is caused, but with the addition of the additive of the present invention, Diesel knock is eliminated and the engine sound becomes lighter.
[0013]
The anionic surfactant, butyl acetate, in the fuel additive of the present invention has characteristics of penetration, dispersion, and dissolution with respect to solidified sludge deposited and adhered in the combustion chamber, and the added fuel has penetrability. The fuel is injected as liquid fuel, acts on the adhered sludge every engine stroke, and is discharged into the exhaust as fine particle decomposition products. Of course, the inside of the combustion chamber is always clean.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a fuel additive is produced with a mixed composition of an anionic surfactant having sodium metal in the chemical structure and butyl acetate and kerosene, which are organic solvents excellent in osmotic and solidifying properties for carbonized sludge that has adhered and solidified. There are various types of anionic surfactants, but they are not particularly limited as long as they have high lipophilicity.
[0015]
【Example】
In this example, sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate having a large lipophilic group as an anionic surfactant is 23% by weight, butyl acetate is 40% by weight and kerosene is 37% by weight as an organic solvent. Were mixed to produce the desired additive. Thus, the fuel additive was added to a hydrocarbon fuel such as heavy oil, gasoline, diesel light oil or the like in a range of 0.05 to 0.8% by weight to reform the fuel.
However, in order to suppress the emission of black smoke during unforeseen driving, the addition of 0.30% is the most preferable. However, in terms of economics such as fuel economy and pricing of the added fuel oil, the reference addition amount should be 0.05 to 0.3%.
Thus, by defining the addition amount as described above, the hydrocarbon fuel contains 5.0 to 100 ppm in terms of sodium and butyl acetate as an organic solvent in the range of 0.002 to 0.04%. It is to be added.
[0016]
[Test Example 1]
For the purpose of examining the possibility of the combustion theory of the fuel additive according to the present invention, a 0.5% additive according to the present invention was added to diesel light oil, and a comparative running test with no additive was performed.
A specific diesel vehicle was packed in drums with a constant weight of antifreeze oil as a loading load, 400 kg, and three occupants used a tachograph and ran around the Tomei Expressway between Yokohama and Osaka.
The results of the driving test are as shown in Table 2 below, and the proof of the theory by complete combustion was confirmed from the fuel economy saving rate at low speed and high speed driving, the output increase seen in the climbing performance, and the maximum speed increase. .
[0017]
[Table 2]

[0018]
Thus, Table 3 was prepared by calculating the tachograph recording and travel classification, traveling distance by speed, and classification fuel consumption, and a fuel consumption contrast diagram as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared.
[0019]
[Table 3]

[0020]
[Test Example 2]
By adding 0.3% of the fuel additive according to the present invention to gasoline, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, which are incompletely combusted substances in exhaust gas, which serve as a guideline for complete combustion, are manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. in the idling measurement range. It measured with the exhaust gas measuring device.
As a result, as shown in Table 4 below, it was found that carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, which are incomplete combustion products in the exhaust gas, were cut reliably.
[0021]
[Table 4]

[0022]
[Test Example 3]
The research inventor himself rides on a dredger equipped with a ship engine manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and the fuel additive according to the present invention is added to fuel heavy oil used by 0.3% of the reference addition amount, the temperature of the lubricating oil, The exhaust gas temperature and flue gas situation were investigated.
As a result, as shown in Table 5 below, the temperature of the lubricating oil and the exhaust gas both decreased, and black smoke was not discharged, and the result of Example 3 could be affirmed.
The decrease in the temperature of the lubricating oil and the decrease in the exhaust gas temperature are converted to the kinetic energy for increasing the engine output in the heat adjustment of the fuel. Moreover, the predetermined rotation speed of 1600 rpm is 1620 rpm.
[0023]
[Table 5]

[0024]
[Test Example 4]
Diesel diesel train that runs on a certain track that is completely managed by vehicles and is not affected by external factors at all. The fuel additive of the present invention is added to diesel light oil by 0.3% for the purpose of reducing fuel consumption. A test was conducted.
We identified diesel diesel vehicles under the jurisdiction of the Japan Passenger Railway Co., Ltd., and conducted a running test. The results shown in Tables 6 and 7 were obtained.
In the table, the operation of the specification 21 is a weekday with a small number of passengers and a light load, and the operation of the specification 21 is a day with a large load of passengers such as Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays.
Thus, as shown in Table 7, there was an improvement in fuel consumption of 2.76% in the operation of specification 21, and an improvement in fuel consumption of 18.08% in the operation of specification 21.
[0025]
[Table 6]

[0026]
[Table 7]

[0027]
[Test Example 5]
In order to obtain confirmation of the practicality and use effect of the fuel additive of the present invention, the marine diesel engine was continuously operated without stopping for several hundred hours, and the use of the fuel additive in light oil and heavy oil was planned. Thus, the fuel additive of the present invention was used and tested on a vessel engaged in fishing in northern sea and sardine fishing under severe cold conditions.
That is, 0.3% of the fuel additive of the present invention is used for light oil and heavy oil of a ship belonging to the Hokkaido Rausu Fishery Cooperative. In this ship, diesel noise is almost eliminated, engine sound is lightened and output is improved. Increased.
In addition, under the circumstances where heavy loads due to waves and cargo were forced, incomplete combustion was always caused, and ships that were supposed to emit black smoke no longer emitted black smoke. In addition, the viscosity of heavy oil decreased, and the startability improved as light oil.
The carbonized sludge stuck inside the combustion chamber was discharged 2 to 3 times from the chimney with a burning spark around the 10th day of navigation, saving engine maintenance costs.
As evidence, there was no carbonized sludge that was removed by a plain metal scraper inside the engine combustion chamber made by MHI in the engine disassembly once a year by an engine manufacturer.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
It is a product that has studied the original physical and chemical characteristics of the anionic surfactants and organic solvents that are the compositions of the present invention, and has elucidated the combustion reaction of metal ions that are uniformly dispersed in the gas that is a microstirring factor. .
Although the effective numerical values shown in the examples were obtained with the reference addition amount being 0.3% or less of the fuel, it is a fact that more effective results can be obtained because the theoretical composition is obtained by increasing the addition amount. is there.
[0029]
The following effects are produced from the present invention.
(1) By improving the combustion characteristics of internal combustion engine fuel, it is possible to increase engine output and save fuel consumption.
(2) Diesel knock noise caused by abnormal combustion can be greatly suppressed, and a light engine noise can be obtained.
(3) Clean the refueling line and remove carbonized sludge that is already stuck inside the combustion chamber, eliminate the cause of abnormal combustion, and maintain a clean combustion chamber at all times.
(4) Emissions of fine dust (PM) such as black smoke due to thermal decomposition of fuel oil droplets can be suppressed.
(5) CO and HC, which are unburned substances in exhaust gas, can be reduced by complete combustion.
(6) With the sustainability of the average effective pressure seen in the output increase, it is possible to obtain a result that meets the total amount regulation for the travel distance of NO _X and CO ₂ .
(7) The irritating odor of unburned fuel discharged as exhaust at high temperatures is eliminated, and the effect on the respiratory mucous membrane of the human body can be mitigated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an additive use contrast diagram in Test Example 1. FIG.

Claims (2)

A predetermined amount of an anionic surfactant having a large lipophilic group and containing sodium metal and butyl acetate having excellent permeability to carbonized sludge as an organic solvent is mixed. A fuel additive characterized by being added in a range of 0.05 to 0.8% by weight.   The fuel additive according to claim 1, wherein 5.0 to 100 ppm in terms of sodium amount and 0.002 to 0.04% of butyl acetate are added to the hydrocarbon fuel.

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