Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP4007641B2 - Porous film manufacturing method - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP4007641B2 - Porous film manufacturing method - Google Patents

Porous film manufacturing method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4007641B2
JP4007641B2 JP17690397A JP17690397A JP4007641B2 JP 4007641 B2 JP4007641 B2 JP 4007641B2 JP 17690397 A JP17690397 A JP 17690397A JP 17690397 A JP17690397 A JP 17690397A JP 4007641 B2 JP4007641 B2 JP 4007641B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
polypropylene
film
porous film
layer
polyethylene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP17690397A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH1121371A (en
Inventor
充宏 金田
隆 山村
隆司 和野
総治 西山
喜一郎 松下
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nitto Denko Corp
Original Assignee
Nitto Denko Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nitto Denko Corp filed Critical Nitto Denko Corp
Priority to JP17690397A priority Critical patent/JP4007641B2/en
Publication of JPH1121371A publication Critical patent/JPH1121371A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4007641B2 publication Critical patent/JP4007641B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は多孔質フィルムの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年電子機器の小型化と高機能化に伴いコードレスでの使用が大きく拡大している。これに対応するため、開放電圧が高く、高エネルギー密度を有するリチウムイオン二次電池が高く供されている。このリチウムイオン二次電池の長所としては、金属Liを使用しないため、安全性が高い点、また、充放電過程での電極形態変化が小さいため、サイクル特性がよい点が挙げられる。
【0003】
このリチウムイオン二次電池は、リチウムの吸蔵、放出が可能なカーボン及びグラファイトからなる負極、コバルト、ニッケル、マンガン、バナジウム等の酸化物からなる正極、正負電極間に極間の電気絶縁姓を確保し且つイオン透過性を有するセパレータ、並びに非水系溶媒中にLiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiClO4、LiBF4等を溶解させた電解液より構成されている。
【0004】
このような材料からなるリチウムイオン二次電池は、外部短絡や、外部充電装置の故障による過充電状態において形成するデンドライト状の析出金属リチウムによる短絡や内部抵抗増加に伴うジュール熱により電池温度が著しく上昇し、電池内容物の吹き出しや熱によりそれを組み込んだ機器にダメージを与える可能性がある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
リチウムイオン二次電池は、帯状の正極、多孔質セパレータおよび帯状の負極を重ね合わせ、これをロール状に捲き、金属筒状体に封入することにより製造することができる。しかし、本発明者らは、捲回の際にフィルムの支持体との接触時に生じる摩擦によって多孔質セパレータ表面の孔構造が変形すること、および充電時の正極のイオン排出、負極のイオン吸蔵によって電極が膨脹したり、金属リチウムが析出して、占有容量が増加した結果、電池内圧が増加することによって生じる接面圧の上昇により多孔質セパレータ表面の孔構造が変形することを確認している。
【0006】
これら表面の孔構造が変化した場合、即ち、見かけの開口率が小さくなり且つ部分的な閉塞が生じた場合、過充電時、開口部への電流集中及び内部抵抗の増加を引き起こし、これにより析出リチウムの生成量が増加する。ここで、リチウムイオン二次電池は過充電及び急速充電時に電池内の温度が上昇するため、その熱により析出リチウムと電解液溶媒が化学反応を引き起こす。従って、析出リチウム量が多いと発熱量は大きくなるため、それによる異常温度上昇の危険性が大きくなる。よって、析出リチウムの量は極力抑えることが好ましい。
【0007】
本発明は電池組立時や過充電時における孔構造変化が生じにくいことで、過充電時の析出リチウム生成量を少なくする多孔質フィルム製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記の目的を達成するために、本発明の多孔質フィルム製造方法は、ポリプロピレンおよび0.01〜40重量%の低結晶性ポリオレフィンとの混合物と、ポリプロピレンおよびポリエチレンの混合物を、三層同時押出しによりフィルム状に成形して押し出しフィルムを得、前記押し出しフィルムに熱処理を行い、熱処理された前記押し出しフィルムを、低温で延伸し、その後、高温で延伸して延伸フィルムを得、前記延伸フィルムを加熱して延伸温度と同一またはそれ以上の温度により熱収縮させて多孔質フィルムを得ることを含み、成形して得られた押し出しフィルムが、表面層としてポリプロピレン層、中間層としてポリエチレンおよびポリプロピレンのアロイ構造を有する層、および表面層としてポリプロピレン層の三層を含む積層フィルムであり、両方の前記ポリプロピレン層が、0.01〜40重量%の低結晶性ポリオレフィンを含む。
【0009】
また、本発明の多孔質フィルム製造方法において、前記低結晶性ポリオレフィンは、アタクチックポリプロピレン、ポリプロピレン−ポリエチレンブロック共重合体、ポリプロピレン−ポリエチレンランダム共重合体およびエチレン−プロピレンゴムからなる群から選択される1以上である
【0010】
また、本発明の多孔質フィルム製造方法において、前記ポリプロピレンとポリエチレンとの混合層は、アロイ構造である
【0011】
さらに、本発明の多孔質フィルム製造方法において、前記多孔質フィルムは、リチウムイオン二次電池セパレータ用多孔質フィルムであるのが好ましい。
【0012】
また、本発明の製造方法により得られた多孔質フィルムをセパレータとして含むリチウムイオン二次電池は、電池の容量を30分で充放電できる電流値で、電池容量の200%まで充電した電池の負極上析出物を含む負極及びセパレータの100〜180℃の範囲の発熱の積分値QLと200〜280℃の範囲の発熱の積分値QHの発熱比QL/QHが0.4以下である。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の多孔質フィルム製造方法においては、まず、ポリプロピレンおよび0.01〜40重量%の低結晶性ポリオレフィンの混合物と、ポリプロピレンおよびポリエチレンの混合物を、溶融押出しによりフィルム状に成形して押し出しフィルムを得る。
【0014】
本発明においては、低結晶性ポリオレフィン系樹脂とは、結晶性の度合いが主成分のポリプロピレン(ポリエチレンが含まれる場合には、ポリエチレンに関しても同様)よりも低い樹脂を指す。ここでいう、結晶性とは示差走査熱量分析で測定した結晶化度を意味する。好ましい低結晶性ポリオレフィン樹脂としては、例えば、アタクチックポリプロピレン(ポリプロピレンの側鎖であるメチル基の立体規則性が無秩序配置である構造を有するポリプロピレン)、ポリプロピレン−ポリエチレンブロック共重合体(ポリプロピレンとポリエチレンが末端で互いに結合して出来た分子から成る共重合体)、ポリプロピレン−ポリエチレンランダム共重合体(共重合体を構成している単量体のポリプロピレン−ポリエチレン単位が無秩序に配列している共重合体)、エチレン−プロピレンゴム(エチレンとプロピレン主成分として重合したゴム状弾性体)等が挙げられる。特に好ましいのはアタクチックポリプロピレンである。
【0015】
また、本発明の多孔質フィルム製造方法においては、成形して得られた押し出しフィルムは、ポリプロピレン層、ポリプロピレン・ポリエチレン混合層およびポリプロピレン層の三層を含む積層フィルムである。前記ポリプロピレン・ポリエチレン混合層は、アロイ構造であるのがより好ましい。中間層の前記ポリプロピレン・ポリエチレン混合層中のポリプロピレンの割合は10〜90重量%、ポリエチレンの割合は90〜10重量%であることが好ましい。尚、このような3層以上の場合には、低結晶性ポリオレフィン樹脂は少なくとも表面層において含有されていれば、その効果が発揮される。従って、少なくとも一方の前記ポリプロピレン層は、0.01〜40重量%の低結晶性ポリオレフィンを含む。
【0016】
本発明の多孔質フィルム製造方法において、前記多孔質フィルムは、リチウムイオン二次電池セパレータ用多孔質フィルムであるのが好ましい。さらに、本発明の製造方法によって得られる多孔質フィルムを構成材料としてリチウムイオン2次電池を製造した場合に、該電池の容量を30分で充放電できる電流値で、該電池容量の200%まで充電した電池の負極上析出物を含む負極及びセパレータの100〜180℃の範囲の発熱の積分値QLと200〜280℃の範囲の発熱の積分値QHの発熱比QL/QHは0.4以下である。
【0017】
本発明の製造方法により得られる多孔質フィルムは、主要構成部であるポリプロピレンの中に低結晶性ポリオレフィン樹脂を添加することにより、結晶核形成時にポリプロピレンの結晶粒径の不均一部の形成、非晶鎖部位の増加の構造的変化が生じる。その結果、フィルム延伸時、孔の開裂がこのような不均一部から選択的に生じるために、形成された孔構造は延伸方向での樹脂部位の厚さが増大し、且つ形成される孔径が大きくなる。これにより、製膜時の摩擦や充電時の電極膨脹による電池内部圧力増加による面圧上昇及び過充電時における金属リチウム析出による体積膨脹による面圧上昇による外圧がかかった場合、樹脂部位が太いために挫屈しにくくなり、なおかつ孔径が大きくなっているため、樹脂部位が変形しても孔閉塞が生じにくい。このように表面構造の変化が小さいため過充電時、開口部への電流集中及び内部抵抗の増加が抑制されるため、析出リチウムの生成量を低下させることができる。
【0018】
本発明の製造方法により得られる多孔質フィルムを組み込んだセルにて、該電池の容量を30分で充放電できる電流値で、該電池容量の200%まで充電した電池の負極上析出物を含む負極及びセパレータに析出した金属リチウムの量は、示差走査熱量分析により求めることができる。具体的には、前記の負極上析出物を含む負極及びセパレータの任意の一部分を採取し、これに電解液を添加して示差走査熱分析を行なう。
【0019】
急速充電や過充電により金属リチウムが析出した負極とセパレータを電解液と共に示差走査熱量分析を行うと、通常100〜180℃の範囲と200〜280℃の範囲とに発熱ピークが観察される。前者は析出した金属リチウムと電解液との反応によるものであり、後者は負極中に吸蔵されたリチウムイオンと電解液との反応によるものである。このため、試験後の負極及びセパレータを電解液と共に示差走査熱量分析を行い、その発熱量を測定することで、析出した金属リチウムや負極中に吸蔵されたリチウムイオンの量を測定することができる。
【0020】
析出した金属リチウムと負極に吸蔵されたリチウムイオンでは上記のように電解液との反応速度が異なり、析出金属リチウムの方が吸蔵されたリチウムイオンに比べ極めて非安全である。このため、試験後の負極及びセパレータの示差走査熱量分析での低温側の発熱量の積分値(QL)と高温側の発熱量の積分値(QH)の発熱量の比QL/QHはできるだけ小さい方が安全である。
【0021】
この発熱比が0.4以下であればより高温の発熱反応への転移を生じさせる熱量以下であるため、さらなる熱暴走を制御することができる。上述した圧力に対する変形量が小さければ析出金属リチウム量が低下し、この変形量が30%以下であれば発熱比が0.4以下となり安全である。
【0022】
本発明における多孔質フィルムの製造法においては、構成部材である熱可塑性樹脂を溶融押し出しによりフィルム状に成形し、これを一軸ロール延伸することにより多孔質化できる。
【0023】
本発明の製造方法では、この押し出しフィルムに熱処理を行う。この押し出しフィルムは熱処理を行うことにより、非晶鎖部位の配向結晶化及び他方位の結晶の再配列化が起こり、フィルムの配向が上昇し、それにより延伸時、微細孔の形成が促進されることが知られている。この熱処理方法には加熱ロールや金属板にフィルム状物を接触させる方法、テンター方式、ロール状物を気層雰囲気中で加熱する方法を用いることができる。通常、温度は120〜160℃に設定し、また処理時間は1秒〜50時間である。
【0024】
本発明の製造方法では、通気性と気孔率を高くしてイオン透過性の良い多孔質フィルムを得るためには、低温で延伸した後、さらに高温で延伸を行う多段延伸法を行う。この延伸は、通常低温は0〜60℃で、その延伸倍率は初期寸法の20〜200%とされる。高温での延伸は、処理温度90〜130℃で行い、その延伸倍率は初期寸法の10〜500%である。
【0025】
このような延伸処理により得られる多孔質フィルムは残留応力を有し、延伸方法での収縮による変形が生じることが確認されている。そこで、延伸温度と同一またはそれ以上の温度により熱収縮を行って収縮による寸法安定性を向上させることが収縮変形抑制に有効である。したがって、本発明の製造方法では、前記延伸フィルムを加熱して熱収縮させる。熱収縮による寸法変化は延伸後のフィルム長さが10〜30%減少する範囲で行うことで良好な寸法安定性を発現させる。
【0026】
また、延伸多孔質フィルムの延伸方向での寸法を固定し、これをそれ以上の温度にて加熱するヒートセットにより、上記熱収縮処理と同様の効果を期待できる。また、熱収縮処理とヒートセット処理との併用も同様の効果が得られる。
【0027】
このようにして得られる多孔質フィルムはラメラ積層体がミクロフィブリルと呼称される繊維状体で接続された網目状構造を有しており、ラメラ−フィブリル間が微細孔を形成しているのが特徴である。
【0028】
また、本発明の製造方法によって得られる多孔質フィルムは、多孔質フィルムの少なくとも片側表面に対して面圧80Kg/cm2で圧縮荷重をかけた際に、膜表面変形による開口部閉塞面積が30%以下である。開口部閉塞面積が30%を超えると、析出リチウムの増加により、上記の発熱比QL/QHが0.4以上となる確率が高くなり、これにより過充電状態において異常温度上昇する頻度が高くなる。
【0029】
また、本発明の製造方法には、電解液に対する濡れ性を向上させるため、コロナ処理、界面活性剤含浸、乾燥処理、親水性モノマーのグラフト重合処理等の親水化処理をさらに含んでもよい。このような処理を行うと、電池に組み込むのにより好ましい多孔質フィルムを得ることができる。
【0030】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によって説明するが、本発明はこの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0031】
実施例1
低結晶性ポリオレフィン系樹脂(アタクチックポリプロピレン、密度0.82g/cc)を3重量%添加したメルトインデックス(以下MIと呼称する)0.5、密度0.90g/cc、結晶化度70%のアイソタクチックポリプロピレンと、アイソタクチックポリプロピレン10重量部とMI0.3、密度0.964g/cc、結晶化度72%の高密度ポリエチレン90重量部とから成る混合物とを樹脂溶融温度を各々250℃で溶融した後、Tダイ押し出し機を使用し、3層同時押し出しにより、外層に厚さ12μmのポリプロピレン層、内層に厚さ8μmのポリプロピレン・ポリエチレン混合層からなる積層フィルムを押し出し、80℃に制御された冷却ロールで硬化、配向させた総厚32μmのフィルム状成形体を得る。
【0032】
このフィルムをロール捲回体の状態で温度130℃で48時間加熱した後125℃まで10分間で降温し、しかる後125℃で12時間加熱する。これを温度25℃で長尺方向に40%の延伸倍率で低温延伸を行い、次いで温度125℃で同方向に110%の延伸倍率で高温延伸を行う。その後、110℃にて1分間加熱し延伸方向のサイズを20%収縮させる。延伸後の膜厚は27μm、気孔率は41%であった。
【0033】
この多孔質フィルムの表面ツブレ性、発熱比を下記の測定方法によって試験し、得られた結果を表1に示す。
【0034】
(a)表面ツブレ性直径1mm、先端形状が半球状であるステンレス製針をフィルム表面から面圧80kg/cm2 で接触加圧し1秒固定した後、触針をはずし接触部位に生じた膜面の形態変化をFE−SEMにて観察を行った。観察に際しては、電子線による熱的ダメージを低減すること及び測定対象物が効率よく二次電子を放出することによる解像度の向上を図るべく、被対象物をルテニウム酸にて2時間染色処理を行った。このようにして得られた画像にシャドウイング、シャーピング、2値化等の画像処理を行い、孔部位の面積を算出することにより孔開口部の閉塞面積を定量化した。
【0035】
(b)析出リチウム量析出リチウムの生成量は示差走査熱量計(DSC)より測定を行った。正極にコバルト酸リチウムを、負極に黒鉛を用い、得られた多孔質フィルムをセパレータとして用い、さらにエチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートを体積比で1:1の割合で混合した溶媒に6フッ化リン酸リチウムを1mol/リットルの濃度になるように溶解したものを電解液として使用したロッキングチェア型リチウムイオン二次電池を作成した。この電池を5.2mA/cm2 の電流密度で60分間充電を行い200%充電状態とし、しかる後負極上析出物を含めた負極とセパレータを3.5mmφの大きさでサンプリングし、上記電解度と同一液20μlを添加して、SUS製耐圧容器に封入した。そして、セイコー電子産業株式会社製のDSC7により昇温速度5℃/分にて昇温したときの100〜180℃の範囲に出現する発熱ピークの積分量をQLとし、200〜280℃の範囲の発熱の積分量をQHとし、QL/QHを発熱比とした。
【0036】
(c)実電池評価電極は(b)の評価で使用したものと同一の活物質を使用した。正極活物質としてコバルト酸リチウムを用いこれをアルミニウム集電体に両面塗布、乾燥後圧縮成形したものを、負極として黒鉛を用い銅集電体に両面塗布、乾燥後圧縮成形したものを使用した。負極、正極の帯状体及び多孔質フィルムを順次積層して捲回体を形成し、渦巻式電極体を作製した。そして、この電極体をSUS製の18650電池缶に収納し上下両面に絶縁体を挿入し、集電用のリードを各種電極から導出して電池缶に溶接した。上記電池缶に中にエチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートを体積比で1:1の割合で混合した溶媒に六フッ化リン酸リチウムを1モル/リットルの濃度になるように溶解したものに電解液を注入した。そして、電池缶にガスケットを介してかしめ、電池蓋を固定し電池を作製した。このようにして作製した電池を充電電流1.2A、終始電圧4.1Vで充電行った後、さらに充電電圧2.4Aで該電池容量の120%まで過充電を行い、その時の外壁温度を測定した。
【0037】
比較例1
MIが2、密度0.92g/ccのアイソタクチックポリプロピレンとMIが1.2、密度0.96g/ccの高密度ポリエチレンを使用してポリプロピレン60重量部、ポリエチレン40重量部の配合比よりなる混合物をTダイによる単層同時押し出しにより厚さ32μmの膜を得た。このフィルムを実施例1と同様の熱処理、延伸を行い厚さ27μm、気孔率45%の多孔質フィルムを得た。この多孔質フィルムについて、実施例1と同様の評価を行なった結果、各種特性は表1に示す通りであった。
【0038】
比較例2
低結晶性ポリオレフィン系樹脂は使用せずに、アイソタチックポリプロピレンとしてMIが0.4、密度0.91g/ccのアイソタクチックポリプロピレンを使用し、高密度ポリエチレンとしてMIが1.2、密度0.96g/ccの高密度ポリエチレンを使用した以外は実施例1と同様の配合比で3層押し出し行い厚さ32μmの膜を得た。このフィルムを実施例1と同様の作業を行い厚さ27μm、気孔率47%の多孔質フィルムを得た。この多孔質フィルムについて、実施例1と同様の評価を行なった結果、各種特性は表1に示す通りであった。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 0004007641
【0040】
表1に示すように、本発明の製造方法による多孔質フィルムは比較品の多孔質フィルムと比べてツブレ性が小さく、発熱比も小さいものであった。また、比較例1、2で製造した実電池は過充電試験において異常発熱を引き起こしたが、実施例1で製造した実電池は生じなかった。ここでいう異常発熱とは(c)実電池評価における外壁温度が140℃以上に上昇した場合である。耐ツブレ性が良好であるために析出リチウムの生成が抑制されたためと考えられる。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の製造方法は、表面孔構造の変形が小さいため、電池用セパレータとして使用した場合、変形による内部抵抗の上昇及び変形による極的な電流集中による析出リチウムの生成量を抑えることができ、これにより異常発熱の発生を抑制できる多孔質フィルムを製造することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a porous film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the use of cordless devices has been greatly expanded as electronic devices have become smaller and more sophisticated. In order to cope with this, lithium ion secondary batteries having a high open-circuit voltage and a high energy density have been provided. Advantages of this lithium ion secondary battery include that it does not use metal Li, and therefore has high safety, and also has good cycle characteristics because of little change in electrode configuration during the charge / discharge process.
[0003]
This lithium-ion secondary battery secures electrical insulation between the positive and negative electrodes between the negative electrode made of carbon and graphite capable of occluding and releasing lithium, the positive electrode made of oxides of cobalt, nickel, manganese, vanadium, and the like. And a separator having ion permeability, and an electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4, etc. are dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.
[0004]
The lithium ion secondary battery made of such materials has a remarkable battery temperature due to an external short circuit, a short circuit caused by dendritic lithium deposited metal formed in an overcharged state due to a failure of the external charging device, or Joule heat accompanying an increase in internal resistance. As a result, the battery contents may be blown out or heat may damage the device in which it is incorporated.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
A lithium ion secondary battery can be manufactured by stacking a strip-shaped positive electrode, a porous separator, and a strip-shaped negative electrode, rolling them in a roll shape, and enclosing them in a metal cylinder. However, the present inventors have found that the pore structure on the surface of the porous separator is deformed due to friction generated when contacting the film support during winding, and that the positive electrode is discharged during charging and the negative electrode is occluded. It has been confirmed that the pore structure on the surface of the porous separator is deformed due to an increase in the contact pressure caused by an increase in the internal pressure of the battery as a result of the electrode expanding or the occupying capacity increasing due to the deposition of metallic lithium. .
[0006]
When the pore structure of these surfaces changes, that is, when the apparent opening ratio becomes small and partial blockage occurs, current concentration at the opening and an increase in internal resistance occur during overcharge, which causes precipitation. Lithium production increases. Here, in the lithium ion secondary battery, the temperature in the battery rises during overcharge and rapid charge, so the deposited lithium and the electrolyte solvent cause a chemical reaction due to the heat. Therefore, if the amount of precipitated lithium is large, the calorific value becomes large, and the risk of an abnormal temperature rise due to this increases. Therefore, it is preferable to suppress the amount of precipitated lithium as much as possible.
[0007]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a porous film that reduces the amount of precipitated lithium during overcharge because the pore structure is less likely to change during battery assembly or overcharge.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the porous film manufacturing method of the present invention comprises a three-layer coextrusion of a mixture of polypropylene and 0.01 to 40% by weight of low crystalline polyolefin and a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene. Forming into a film shape to obtain an extruded film, heat treating the extruded film, stretching the heat treated extruded film at a low temperature, then stretching at a high temperature to obtain a stretched film, and heating the stretched film The extruded film obtained by heat-shrinking at a temperature equal to or higher than the stretching temperature to obtain a porous film has a polypropylene layer as a surface layer and an alloy structure of polyethylene and polypropylene as an intermediate layer. a layer, and laminating comprising three layers of polypropylene layer as the surface layer A Irumu, both the polypropylene layer of comprises 0.01 to 40 wt% of the low crystalline polyolefins.
[0009]
In the porous film production method of the present invention, the low crystalline polyolefin is selected from the group consisting of atactic polypropylene, polypropylene-polyethylene block copolymer, polypropylene-polyethylene random copolymer, and ethylene-propylene rubber. it is 1 or more.
[0010]
Further, the porous film production method of the present invention, a mixed layer of the polypropylene and polyethylene are alloy structure.
[0011]
Furthermore, in the porous film manufacturing method of the present invention, the porous film is preferably a porous film for a lithium ion secondary battery separator.
[0012]
Moreover, the lithium ion secondary battery containing the porous film obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention as a separator is a negative electrode of a battery charged to 200% of the battery capacity with a current value that can charge and discharge the battery capacity in 30 minutes. The exothermic ratio QL / QH of the integrated value QL of heat generation in the range of 100 to 180 ° C. and the integrated value QH of heat generation in the range of 200 to 280 ° C. of the negative electrode and separator including the upper precipitate is 0.4 or less.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the porous film manufacturing method of the present invention, first, a mixture of polypropylene and 0.01 to 40% by weight of the low crystalline polyolefin down, a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene, extruded and molded into a film by melt extrusion film Get.
[0014]
In the present invention, the low crystalline polyolefin-based resin refers to a resin having a lower degree of crystallinity than the main component polypropylene (the same applies to polyethylene when polyethylene is included). As used herein, crystallinity means the degree of crystallinity measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Preferred low crystalline polyolefin resins include, for example, atactic polypropylene (polypropylene having a structure in which the stereoregularity of the methyl group which is the side chain of polypropylene is disorderly arranged), a polypropylene-polyethylene block copolymer (polypropylene and polyethylene are used). Copolymer consisting of molecules bonded to each other at the ends), polypropylene-polyethylene random copolymer (copolymer in which polypropylene-polyethylene units of monomers constituting the copolymer are randomly arranged) ), Ethylene-propylene rubber (rubber-like elastic body polymerized as a main component of ethylene and propylene) and the like. Particularly preferred is atactic polypropylene.
[0015]
Further, Oite the porous film production method of the present invention, extruded film obtained by molding a polypropylene layer, a laminated film comprising three layers of polypropylene-polyethylene mixture layer and a polypropylene layer. The polypropylene / polyethylene mixed layer preferably has an alloy structure. The proportion of polypropylene in the polypropylene / polyethylene mixed layer of the intermediate layer is preferably 10 to 90% by weight, and the proportion of polyethylene is preferably 90 to 10% by weight. In the case of three or more layers, the effect is exhibited as long as the low crystalline polyolefin resin is contained in at least the surface layer. Accordingly, at least one of the polypropylene layers contains 0.01 to 40% by weight of low crystalline polyolefin .
[0016]
In the method for producing a porous film of the present invention, the porous film is preferably a porous film for a lithium ion secondary battery separator. Furthermore, when a lithium ion secondary battery is manufactured using the porous film obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention as a constituent material, the battery capacity can be charged and discharged in 30 minutes, and up to 200% of the battery capacity. The exothermic ratio QL / QH of the integrated value QL of heat generation in the range of 100 to 180 ° C. and the integrated value QH of heat generation in the range of 200 to 280 ° C. of the negative electrode and separator including the deposit on the negative electrode of the charged battery is 0.4 or less. It is.
[0017]
The porous film obtained by the production method of the present invention is formed by adding a low crystalline polyolefin resin into the main component polypropylene, thereby forming a non-uniform portion of the crystal grain size of the polypropylene at the time of crystal nucleus formation. A structural change of increasing crystal chain sites occurs. As a result, when the film is stretched, the holes are selectively cleaved from such a non-uniform portion, so that the formed pore structure increases the thickness of the resin part in the stretching direction, and the pore diameter formed is increased. growing. As a result, the resin part is thick when the surface pressure rises due to the increase in the internal pressure of the battery due to friction during film formation or the expansion of the electrode during charging, and the external pressure due to the increase in surface pressure due to the volume expansion due to metal lithium precipitation during overcharge. In addition, since the hole diameter is large, even if the resin part is deformed, the hole is hardly blocked. Thus, since the change in the surface structure is small, current concentration at the opening and an increase in internal resistance are suppressed during overcharging, so that the amount of precipitated lithium can be reduced.
[0018]
In a cell incorporating a porous film obtained by the production method of the present invention, the battery has a deposit on the negative electrode of a battery charged to 200% of the battery capacity at a current value capable of charging / discharging the battery capacity in 30 minutes. The amount of metallic lithium deposited on the negative electrode and the separator can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Specifically, an arbitrary part of the negative electrode and the separator including the deposit on the negative electrode is collected, and an electrolytic solution is added thereto to perform differential scanning calorimetry.
[0019]
When differential scanning calorimetry is performed on the negative electrode and separator on which metallic lithium is deposited by rapid charging or overcharging together with the electrolyte, an exothermic peak is usually observed in the range of 100 to 180 ° C and in the range of 200 to 280 ° C. The former is due to the reaction between the deposited lithium metal and the electrolytic solution, and the latter is due to the reaction between lithium ions occluded in the negative electrode and the electrolytic solution. For this reason, it is possible to measure the amount of precipitated metallic lithium and lithium ions occluded in the negative electrode by performing differential scanning calorimetry on the negative electrode and separator after the test together with the electrolyte and measuring the calorific value thereof. .
[0020]
The deposited metal lithium and the lithium ion occluded in the negative electrode have different reaction rates with the electrolyte solution as described above, and the deposited metal lithium is extremely unsafe compared to the occluded lithium ion. Therefore, the ratio QL / QH of the calorific value between the integrated value (QL) of the low-temperature side calorific value and the integrated value (QH) of the calorific value on the high-temperature side in the differential scanning calorimetric analysis of the negative electrode and separator after the test is as small as possible. Is safer.
[0021]
If this exothermic ratio is 0.4 or less, it is below the amount of heat that causes a transition to a higher temperature exothermic reaction, so that further thermal runaway can be controlled. If the deformation amount with respect to the pressure described above is small, the amount of precipitated metal lithium decreases, and if the deformation amount is 30% or less, the heat generation ratio is 0.4 or less, which is safe.
[0022]
In the method for producing a porous film in the present invention, a thermoplastic resin as a constituent member can be formed into a film by melt extrusion, and then made porous by uniaxial roll stretching.
[0023]
In the production method of the present invention, the extruded film is subjected to heat treatment. When this extruded film is heat-treated, orientational crystallization at the amorphous chain site and rearrangement of the crystals at the other side occur, and the orientation of the film increases, thereby promoting the formation of micropores during stretching. It is known. As this heat treatment method, a method of bringing a film-like material into contact with a heating roll or a metal plate, a tenter method, or a method of heating the roll-like material in a gas-phase atmosphere can be used. Usually, the temperature is set to 120 to 160 ° C., and the treatment time is 1 second to 50 hours.
[0024]
In the production method of the present invention, in order to obtain a porous film having high air permeability and porosity and good ion permeability, a multi-stage stretching method in which stretching is performed at a low temperature and then stretching at a higher temperature is performed. In this stretching, the low temperature is usually 0 to 60 ° C., and the stretching ratio is 20 to 200% of the initial dimension. The stretching at a high temperature is performed at a processing temperature of 90 to 130 ° C., and the stretching ratio is 10 to 500% of the initial dimension.
[0025]
It has been confirmed that the porous film obtained by such stretching treatment has residual stress and deformation due to shrinkage in the stretching method occurs. Therefore, it is effective in suppressing shrinkage deformation by performing heat shrinkage at a temperature equal to or higher than the stretching temperature to improve dimensional stability due to shrinkage. Therefore, in the production method of the present invention, the stretched film is heated and thermally contracted. The dimensional change due to heat shrinkage is performed in a range in which the film length after stretching is reduced by 10 to 30%, thereby exhibiting good dimensional stability.
[0026]
Moreover, the effect similar to the said heat shrink process can be anticipated by the heat set which fixes the dimension in the extending | stretching direction of a stretched porous film, and heats this at the temperature beyond it. Moreover, the combined use of the heat shrink process and the heat set process can achieve the same effect.
[0027]
The porous film thus obtained has a network structure in which lamellar laminates are connected by fibrous bodies called microfibrils, and lamella-fibrils form micropores. It is a feature.
[0028]
Further, the porous film obtained by the production method of the present invention has an opening blockage area of 30 due to deformation of the membrane surface when a compressive load is applied to the surface of at least one side of the porous film at a surface pressure of 80 kg / cm 2. % Or less. If the opening blockage area exceeds 30%, an increase in precipitated lithium increases the probability that the heat generation ratio QL / QH is 0.4 or more, thereby increasing the frequency of abnormal temperature rise in an overcharged state. .
[0029]
Moreover, in order to improve the wettability with respect to electrolyte solution, the manufacturing method of this invention may further include hydrophilic treatment, such as corona treatment, surfactant impregnation, drying treatment, and graft polymerization treatment of a hydrophilic monomer. When such a treatment is performed, a more preferable porous film can be obtained by being incorporated in a battery.
[0030]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to this Example.
[0031]
Example 1
A melt index (hereinafter referred to as MI) of 0.5 by adding 3% by weight of a low crystalline polyolefin resin (atactic polypropylene, density 0.82 g / cc), density 0.90 g / cc, crystallinity 70% Isotactic polypropylene and a mixture of 10 parts by weight of isotactic polypropylene and 90 parts by weight of high density polyethylene having an MI of 0.3, a density of 0.964 g / cc, and a crystallinity of 72% are each set at a resin melting temperature of 250 ° C. After being melted in, use a T-die extruder to extrude a laminated film consisting of a 12μm thick polypropylene layer on the outer layer and an 8μm thick polypropylene / polyethylene mixed layer on the inner layer and control to 80 ° C. A film-like molded body having a total thickness of 32 μm, which is cured and oriented by the obtained cooling roll, is obtained.
[0032]
This film is heated in a roll roll at 130 ° C. for 48 hours, then cooled to 125 ° C. over 10 minutes, and then heated at 125 ° C. for 12 hours. This is subjected to low temperature stretching at a temperature of 25 ° C. at a stretching ratio of 40% in the longitudinal direction, and then at a temperature of 125 ° C., high temperature stretching is performed at a stretching ratio of 110% in the same direction. Then, it heats at 110 degreeC for 1 minute, and shrink | contracts the size of a extending direction by 20%. The film thickness after stretching was 27 μm and the porosity was 41%.
[0033]
The surface smoothness and heat generation ratio of this porous film were tested by the following measuring method, and the obtained results are shown in Table 1.
[0034]
(A) Surface slipperiness A diameter of 1 mm and a hemispherical tip made of stainless steel are contact-pressed from the film surface at a surface pressure of 80 kg / cm @ 2 and fixed for 1 second. The morphological change was observed with FE-SEM. When observing, the target object is dyed with ruthenic acid for 2 hours in order to reduce thermal damage caused by the electron beam and to improve the resolution by efficiently releasing secondary electrons. It was. The image thus obtained was subjected to image processing such as shadowing, sharpening, binarization and the like, and the area of the hole portion was quantified by calculating the area of the hole part.
[0035]
(B) Amount of precipitated lithium The amount of precipitated lithium was measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Lithium cobalt phosphate is used as a positive electrode, graphite is used as a negative electrode, the obtained porous film is used as a separator, and ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1. A rocking chair type lithium ion secondary battery was prepared by using a solution obtained by dissolving 1 mol / liter of the electrolyte as an electrolyte. The battery was charged at a current density of 5.2 mA / cm @ 2 for 60 minutes to give a 200% charged state. Thereafter, the negative electrode including the deposit on the negative electrode and the separator were sampled at a size of 3.5 mm.phi. 20 μl of the same solution was added and sealed in a SUS pressure vessel. And the integral amount of the exothermic peak appearing in the range of 100 to 180 ° C. when the temperature is raised at a rate of temperature rise of 5 ° C./min by DSC7 manufactured by Seiko Electronics Industry Co., Ltd. is QL, and the range of 200 to 280 ° C. The integral amount of heat generation was QH, and QL / QH was the heat generation ratio.
[0036]
(C) The actual battery evaluation electrode used the same active material as that used in the evaluation of (b). Lithium cobaltate was used as a positive electrode active material and applied to both sides of an aluminum current collector, dried and compression molded, and graphite was used as a negative electrode and was applied to a copper current collector and dried and then compression molded. A negative electrode, a strip of positive electrode, and a porous film were sequentially laminated to form a wound body, and a spiral electrode body was produced. And this electrode body was accommodated in the 18650 battery can made from SUS, the insulator was inserted in upper and lower surfaces, the lead | read | reed for current collection was derived | led-out from various electrodes, and was welded to the battery can. Inject the electrolyte into a solution obtained by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate to a concentration of 1 mol / liter in a solvent in which ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 in the battery can. did. And it crimped to the battery can through the gasket, the battery cover was fixed, and the battery was produced. The battery thus produced was charged at a charging current of 1.2 A and a voltage of 4.1 V throughout, and then overcharged to a charge capacity of 2.4 A to 120% of the battery capacity, and the outer wall temperature at that time was measured. did.
[0037]
Comparative Example 1
Using an isotactic polypropylene with an MI of 2 and a density of 0.92 g / cc and a high density polyethylene with an MI of 1.2 and a density of 0.96 g / cc, the blending ratio is 60 parts by weight of polypropylene and 40 parts by weight of polyethylene. A film having a thickness of 32 μm was obtained by simultaneously extruding the mixture with a single layer using a T-die. This film was heat-treated and stretched in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a porous film having a thickness of 27 μm and a porosity of 45%. This porous film was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, various characteristics were as shown in Table 1.
[0038]
Comparative Example 2
Without using a low crystalline polyolefin-based resin, an isotactic polypropylene having an MI of 0.4 and a density of 0.91 g / cc is used, and a high density polyethylene having an MI of 1.2 and a density of 0. Except for using high-density polyethylene of .96 g / cc, three layers were extruded at the same mixing ratio as in Example 1 to obtain a film having a thickness of 32 μm. This film was subjected to the same operation as in Example 1 to obtain a porous film having a thickness of 27 μm and a porosity of 47%. This porous film was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, various characteristics were as shown in Table 1.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004007641
[0040]
As shown in Table 1, the porous film produced by the production method of the present invention had less slippage and a lower heat generation ratio than the comparative porous film. Moreover, although the actual battery manufactured in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 caused abnormal heat generation in the overcharge test, the actual battery manufactured in Example 1 did not occur. The abnormal heat generation referred to here is when (c) the outer wall temperature in the actual battery evaluation rises to 140 ° C. or higher. This is probably because the formation of precipitated lithium was suppressed because the anti-slip property was good.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, since the manufacturing method of the present invention has a small deformation of the surface pore structure, when used as a battery separator, the amount of precipitated lithium generated due to an increase in internal resistance due to the deformation and extreme current concentration due to the deformation. Thus, it is possible to manufacture a porous film that can suppress the occurrence of abnormal heat generation.

Claims (2)

多孔質フィルムの製造方法であって、
前記製造方法が、ポリプロピレンおよび0.01〜40重量%の低結晶性ポリオレフィンとの混合物と、ポリプロピレンおよびポリエチレンの混合物を、三層同時押出しによりフィルム状に成形して押し出しフィルムを得、
前記押し出しフィルムに熱処理を行い、
熱処理された前記押し出しフィルムを、低温で延伸し、その後、高温で延伸して延伸フィルムを得、
前記延伸フィルムを加熱して延伸温度と同一またはそれ以上の温度により熱収縮させて多孔質フィルムを得ることを含み、
前記低結晶性ポリオレフィンが、アタクチックポリプロピレン、ポリプロピレン−ポリエチレンブロック共重合体、ポリプロピレン−ポリエチレンランダム共重合体およびエチレン−プロピレンゴムからなる群から選択される1以上であり、
成形して得られた押し出しフィルムが、表面層としてポリプロピレン層、中間層としてポリエチレンおよびポリプロピレンのアロイ構造を有する層、および表面層としてポリプロピレン層の三層を含む積層フィルムであり、
両方の前記ポリプロピレン層が、0.01〜40重量%の低結晶性ポリオレフィンを含む製造方法。
A method for producing a porous film, comprising:
The production method is a method of forming an extruded film by molding a mixture of polypropylene and 0.01 to 40% by weight of a low crystalline polyolefin and a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene into a film by three-layer coextrusion,
Heat-treating the extruded film,
The extruded film that has been heat-treated is stretched at a low temperature, and then stretched at a high temperature to obtain a stretched film.
Heating the stretched film to heat shrink at a temperature equal to or higher than the stretching temperature to obtain a porous film,
The low crystalline polyolefin is at least one selected from the group consisting of atactic polypropylene, polypropylene-polyethylene block copolymer, polypropylene-polyethylene random copolymer, and ethylene-propylene rubber;
Extruded film obtained by molding a polypropylene layer as a surface layer, a laminated film comprising three layers of polypropylene layer a layer having a alloy structures polyethylene and polypropylene as the intermediate layer, and a surface layer,
A manufacturing method in which both said polypropylene layers comprise 0.01 to 40% by weight of low crystalline polyolefin.
前記多孔質フィルムが、リチウムイオン二次電池セパレータ用多孔質フィルムである請求項1に記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method according to claim 1 , wherein the porous film is a porous film for a lithium ion secondary battery separator.
JP17690397A 1997-07-02 1997-07-02 Porous film manufacturing method Expired - Lifetime JP4007641B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17690397A JP4007641B2 (en) 1997-07-02 1997-07-02 Porous film manufacturing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17690397A JP4007641B2 (en) 1997-07-02 1997-07-02 Porous film manufacturing method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH1121371A JPH1121371A (en) 1999-01-26
JP4007641B2 true JP4007641B2 (en) 2007-11-14

Family

ID=16021777

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP17690397A Expired - Lifetime JP4007641B2 (en) 1997-07-02 1997-07-02 Porous film manufacturing method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4007641B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101685129B1 (en) * 2014-07-31 2016-12-09 주식회사 엘지화학 Porous polypropylene film and method of making the same

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100495774C (en) 2003-11-17 2009-06-03 松下电器产业株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell
JP5066798B2 (en) * 2005-07-29 2012-11-07 ソニー株式会社 Secondary battery
DE102018128451A1 (en) * 2018-11-13 2020-05-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Calorimetric method for the quantitative determination of metallic lithium deposited on an anode of a lithium-ion cell
KR102887858B1 (en) * 2020-05-29 2025-11-17 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 A porous separator member and a separator comprising the same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101685129B1 (en) * 2014-07-31 2016-12-09 주식회사 엘지화학 Porous polypropylene film and method of making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH1121371A (en) 1999-01-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10193117B2 (en) Separator for nonaqueous secondary battery, and nonaqueous secondary battery
US9680142B2 (en) Polyolefin microporous membrane, separator for non-aqueous secondary battery, non-aqueous secondary battery and method of producing polyolefin microporous membrane
EP2696394B1 (en) Nonaqueous secondary battery separator and nonaqueous secondary battery
JP5126813B2 (en) Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
EP1251573B1 (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell
TWI553945B (en) Separator for non-aqueous type secondary battery, and non-aqueous type secondary battery
KR100633713B1 (en) Electrolyte-supported polymer membrane, polymer electrolyte secondary battery using same, and method for producing the battery
KR101527549B1 (en) Method of preparing porous separator comprising elastic material, porous separator prepared by the method, and secondary battery comprising the separator
US9882189B2 (en) Separator for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and nonaqueous electrolyte battery
EP2381510A1 (en) Separator for battery, and non-aqueous lithium battery
US11777175B2 (en) Separator for non-aqueous secondary battery, non-aqueous secondary battery, and method of manufacturing non-aqueous secondary battery
KR20180077189A (en) Separator for non-aqueous secondary battery and non-aqueous secondary battery
US9450222B2 (en) Electric storage device, and vehicle mounted electric storage system
CN116315445A (en) Separator for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising same
US6426165B1 (en) Electrochemical cell separators with high crystallinity binders
JP2025514875A (en) Polyolefin-based film and its manufacturing method, separator, secondary battery, and power consumption device
JP6723052B2 (en) Storage device separator
JP5500425B2 (en) Non-aqueous lithium secondary battery
JP4007641B2 (en) Porous film manufacturing method
JPH09241411A (en) Porous membrane, method for producing the same, and lithium ion secondary battery
US20200287190A1 (en) Porous composite film, separator for battery, and method of manufacturing porous composite film
JP3511946B2 (en) Polymer electrolyte support and battery using the same
JP7293809B2 (en) Precursor film for porous film
JP3996226B2 (en) Nonaqueous battery separator and nonaqueous battery using the same
KR102742794B1 (en) Separator substrate, preparation method thereof and separator including the same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20051028

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20051101

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20051228

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20060606

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20060803

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20070130

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20070320

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20070821

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20070828

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100907

Year of fee payment: 3

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130907

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20160907

Year of fee payment: 9

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term