JP4011216B2 - compost - Google Patents
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- JP4011216B2 JP4011216B2 JP33208798A JP33208798A JP4011216B2 JP 4011216 B2 JP4011216 B2 JP 4011216B2 JP 33208798 A JP33208798 A JP 33208798A JP 33208798 A JP33208798 A JP 33208798A JP 4011216 B2 JP4011216 B2 JP 4011216B2
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- compost
- gypsum board
- waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【産業条の利用分野】
本発明は廃棄物を有効に利用した堆肥、特に石こうボード屑を発酵工程に付した、即ち、発酵化石こうボード屑を含有してなる肥効性に優れた堆肥に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
石こうボード製造時あるいは家屋解体時には大量の石こうボード屑が発生するが、石こうボード屑は、不燃性であるため焼却することができず、ほとんど全て埋立地に廃棄されていた。
【０００３】
しかしながら、埋立地は、廃棄物の堆積により嫌気状態にあり、石こうボード屑は長期の堆積により嫌気発酵し硫化水素を発生し、近年埋立地周辺の公害の一因となっていた。
【０００４】
石こうボード屑は、製造、流通、新築現場、あるいは解体現場等から発生し、その量は年間石こうボード製造量の約２５重量％近くになると言われている。これを埋立地に運搬する費用及び処理費用が石こうボード事業の経営を少なからず圧迫していた。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
かかる現状に鑑み、本発明者らは石こうボード屑の有効利用について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、石こうボード屑を発酵工程に付した場合、肥効性に優れた堆肥が得られることを発見し、かかる知見に基づき本発明を完成したものである。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、発酵化石こうボード屑を含有してなる堆肥に関し、更にまた、本発明は石こう（ＣａＳＯ4・２Ｈ2Ｏ）を３〜７０重量％含有した上記堆肥に関するものである。
【０００８】
更に、本発明は発酵化石こうボード屑を含有してなる堆肥の製造方法に関するものである。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明について更に詳しく説明する。
本発明の石こうボード屑としては、石こうボード製造時に廃出するボード屑、あるいは不良品石こうボード屑、流通、新築現場あるいは家屋解体時に廃出する石こうボード屑等を例示することができるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
【００１０】
本発明の発酵化石こうボード屑を含有してなる堆肥の製造方法について詳記すると、石こうボード屑をスクリュー型粉砕機等で粗粉砕した後、回転歯型粉砕機で約５０〜１００ｍｍ程度に粉砕し、必要ならば更にローラーミル、チューブミル等の粉砕機で約５〜１０ｍｍに粉砕する。大きさは小さい程望ましいが、小さくなる程粉砕効率は悪くなる。石こうボード屑の大きさが１０ｍｍ以上になると発酵完了までに長時間を要し経済的でない。
【００１１】
次いでこのようにして粉砕した石こうボード屑を有機質物質と混合する。有機質物質としては特に限定はないが、発酵しやすく且つ安価なもの、特に産業廃棄物が望ましい。例えば、鶏糞、牛糞、豚糞等の畜糞や生ゴミ等の食品廃物、食品工場廃出物、活性汚泥、籾殻、古畳、廃材、おが屑、糖蜜、キノコ培地、コーヒー粕、各種有機産業廃棄物、野菜くず、米ぬか、骨粉等を挙げることができる。
【００１２】
両者の使用割合は石こうボード屑１００部（乾物重量）に対し有機質物質６０〜５，０００部（乾物重量）が良い。６０部以下の場合、発酵に長時間を要し、経済的でなく、また、５，０００部以上の場合、石こうボード屑処理量が小さく同様に経済的でなく、本発明の目的に適さない。
【００１３】
また、本発明堆肥中の石こう（ＣａＳＯ4・２Ｈ2Ｏ）は、３〜７０重量％が好ましい。この範囲を下廻ると石こうボード屑の処理量が小さいため経済的でなく、また、この範囲を上廻ると重質となり堆肥として好ましくない。
【００１４】
次いで上記混合物は、堆肥化工程に供されるが、混合物の水分量は５０〜７０重量％に調整することが望ましい。不足時には散水し、過剰時はパーライト、バーミキュライト、炭粒等を加えて調整する。このようにして調整した混合物に必要に応じ、市販の微生物を多量に含有した発酵促進剤、石灰窒素、尿素等を加えてもよい。
【００１５】
一般に必要はないが、石灰窒素、尿素、油粕等はＣ／Ｎ比を調整するために添加するものであり、一般的にはＣ／Ｎ比２０〜４０が好適である。
【００１６】
さて、以上のように調整された混合物は堆積発酵により堆肥化される。堆肥化は通常良く知られた活性汚泥、鶏糞・牛糞、バーク等の堆肥化と変わるところはない。即ち、前記混合物を堆積場で約１〜２ｍの高さに堆積すると前記混合物の組成、堆積場の構造等によっても異なるが、一般的には、堆積後夏場では１〜２日後、冬場でも２〜３日後から発熱発酵して、温度は急激に上昇する。
【００１７】
これは、有機物分解菌によって易分解性有機物の好気的分解が行われ、その際発生する呼吸熱が、堆肥物中に集積するためである。夏場、冬場で異なるが一般的には１〜２週間程度で堆積中心部の温度は約７０℃以上に達する。この高温は約３週間程度継続するが、次第に微生物活性は衰え、発熱が弱くなる。中心部の温度が５０〜６０℃程度に低下したならば切り返しを行う。尚、上記堆積中に高温により水分が蒸散するため、水分量が５０〜７０重量％程度になるように切り返し時に散水する。
【００１８】
切り返しの目的は、攪拌により空気の流通を良くし、堆積化の促進を図ると共に堆肥化の均一化を図ることにあり、切り返し後は再び発熱発酵が盛んになり、急速に温度は上昇して、最初の堆積時と同様の経過をたどる。しかし数回の切り返しにより発熱温度は次第に低下する。一般的には堆積後１〜４ヶ月の間に１０回以上の切り返しを行うことが望ましい。堆積期間が長い程、良質の堆肥を製造することができる。
【００１９】
堆積と切返しの繰り返しを数回行った後、後熟に供する。後熟に於いては堆積物の温度は３０〜４０℃に保たれ、中温性微生物により有機物分解の分解は促進される。この間に１〜２回程度の切り返しを行うと、一段と良質の堆肥を製造することができる。以上の操作によって有機質物質に混入している大腸菌等の有害性菌を死滅させることが出来る。
【００２０】
以上のようにして発酵化した石こうボード屑を含有した堆肥は、石こうボード屑中の原紙が良く分解しており極めて良質の堆肥となっている。
【００２１】
本発明によれば、全く用途がなく、埋立地等で公害源として邪魔物扱いされていた石こうボード屑を、発酵工程に付することにより、即ち、発酵化することにより石こうボード屑は有用な良質の堆肥となる。また、本発明堆肥は、発酵化に際しても、廃有機質物質を利用することにより極めて安価に製造することができる。
【００２２】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例を掲げて更に詳記する。尚、以下に於いて％は特に断らない限り重量％を示す。
【００２３】
▲１▼本発明例用堆肥の製造
石こうボード製造時に廃出する石こうボード屑をスクリュー型粉砕機で約３０ｍｍに粗粉砕し、回転歯型粉砕機で約５ｍｍに粉砕後、更にローラーミルで粉砕して平均粒子径２ｍｍの微粉砕石こうボード屑を得た。この微粉砕石こうボード屑１００部（乾物重量。以下「部」は全て乾物重量を示す）、下水処理場から発生した活性汚泥３０部、乾燥鶏糞５０部、おが屑２８部、廃糖蜜６部を良く混合し、混合物の水分が約６０％になるように水を加えて調整した混合物５ｔを、３ヶ月堆積して、堆肥を製造した。発酵堆積中の最高温度は７１℃に達し、堆積中に１２回の切り返しを行い、本発明の発酵化石こうボード屑を含有した堆肥を製造した。
【００２４】
▲２▼比較例用堆肥の製造
活性汚泥３０部、乾燥鶏糞５０部、おが屑２８部、廃糖蜜６部を良く混合し、混合物の水分が約６０％になるように水を加えて調整した混合物３ｔを、３ヶ月堆積して堆肥を製造した。
発酵堆積中の最高温度は７８℃に達し、堆積中に１２回の切り返しを行い、堆肥を製造した。この堆肥１００部に平均粒子径２ｍｍの微粉砕石こうボード屑１４６部を加えて良く混合し比較例用堆肥を製造した。
【００２５】
（幼植物試験）
２ｍｍ目のフルイを通した風乾沖積・砂壌土４００ｍｌと本発明堆肥及び比較例用堆肥５０ｍｌを良く混合し、これに硫酸アンモニア、過リン酸石灰、塩化カリを使用しＮ、Ｐ2Ｏ5、Ｋ2Ｏとして２５ｍｇ混合した後、この培土をノイバウェルポットに充填した。このノイバウェルポットを各培土につき３連用意した。水分調整後、予め催芽したコマツナ種子をポット当たり２０粒ずつ播種した。播種を平成１０年７月２８日に行い、刈り取り、調査を平成１０年８月７日に実施した。各３連平均の調査結果は表１の通りである。
【００２６】
【表１】
上記表１から明らかなように本発明堆肥は優れた堆肥であることが判る。発酵化石こうボード屑が、何故このような優れた堆肥効果を示すか明らかではないが、発酵過程に於いて、石こうの一部が、可溶性カルシウム塩となるか、有機質分解物と結合してキレート化合物を生成し、植物に吸収されやすい形態に変化しているものと推定される。
【００２８】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、これまで廃棄物として取り扱われていた石こうボード屑を、有機質物質、特に安価なまた容易に入手しうる鶏糞、牛糞、豚糞等の家畜糞尿、あるいは有機質物質含有の各種産業廃棄物等と混合し、堆積発酵することにより肥効性の高い有用な堆肥を提供するものである。従って、本発明堆肥は、特別の装置を要することなく極めて安価に、また通常の即ち、発酵鶏糞・牛糞堆肥製造装置を用いて容易に製造することができ、甚だ実用的価値の高いものである。[0001]
[Industrial fields]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a compost using waste effectively, and particularly to a compost having gypsum board waste that has been subjected to a fermentation process, that is, compost having excellent fertilization efficiency including fermented gypsum board waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A large amount of gypsum board waste is generated at the time of gypsum board manufacture or when the house is demolished. However, the gypsum board waste cannot be incinerated because it is nonflammable, and almost all of it is discarded in landfills.
[0003]
However, landfills are in an anaerobic state due to the accumulation of waste, and gypsum board scraps are anaerobically fermented by long-term deposition to generate hydrogen sulfide, which has recently contributed to pollution around the landfills.
[0004]
Gypsum board waste is generated from production, distribution, new construction site, or demolition site, and the amount is said to be about 25% by weight of annual gypsum board production. The cost of transporting this to the landfill and the processing costs put a lot of pressure on the management of the gypsum board business.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the present situation, the present inventors have conducted extensive studies on the effective use of gypsum board waste, and as a result, when gypsum board waste is subjected to a fermentation process, it has been found that compost having excellent fertilization efficiency can be obtained. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention relates to a compost containing fermented gypsum board waste, and further, the present invention relates to the above compost containing 3 to 70% by weight of gypsum (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O).
[0008]
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing compost containing fermented gypsum board waste.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in more detail below.
Examples of the gypsum board scraps of the present invention include board scraps discarded at the time of gypsum board production, or defective gypsum board scraps, gypsum board scraps discarded at the time of distribution, construction of new buildings or houses, etc. It is not limited.
[0010]
The method for producing compost containing fermented gypsum board waste of the present invention will be described in detail. After roughly crushing gypsum board waste with a screw-type crusher or the like, it is pulverized to about 50 to 100 mm with a rotary tooth crusher. If necessary, it is further pulverized to about 5 to 10 mm by a pulverizer such as a roller mill or a tube mill. The smaller the size, the better, but the smaller the size, the worse the grinding efficiency. If the size of gypsum board waste is 10 mm or more, it takes a long time to complete fermentation, which is not economical.
[0011]
The gypsum board waste thus crushed is then mixed with an organic substance. The organic substance is not particularly limited, but is preferably an easily fermentable and inexpensive substance, particularly industrial waste. For example, food waste such as chicken dung, cow dung, pig dung, etc., food waste such as food waste, food factory waste, activated sludge, rice husk, old tatami, waste materials, sawdust, molasses, mushroom medium, coffee cake, various organic industrial waste , Vegetable waste, rice bran, bone meal and the like.
[0012]
The usage ratio of both is preferably 60 to 5,000 parts of organic substance (dry matter weight) with respect to 100 parts of gypsum board waste (dry matter weight). When the amount is 60 parts or less, fermentation takes a long time and is not economical. When the amount is 5,000 parts or more, the amount of gypsum board waste is small and is not economical, and is not suitable for the purpose of the present invention. .
[0013]
The gypsum (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) in the compost of the present invention is preferably 3 to 70% by weight. Below this range, the processing amount of gypsum board waste is small, so it is not economical, and above this range, it becomes heavy and unfavorable as compost.
[0014]
Next, the mixture is subjected to a composting process, and the water content of the mixture is preferably adjusted to 50 to 70% by weight. Sprinkle water when there is a shortage, and adjust by adding pearlite, vermiculite, charcoal grains, etc. when excess If necessary, a fermentation accelerator containing a large amount of commercially available microorganisms, lime nitrogen, urea or the like may be added to the mixture thus prepared.
[0015]
Although it is not generally necessary, lime nitrogen, urea, oil cake, etc. are added to adjust the C / N ratio, and a C / N ratio of 20 to 40 is generally preferred.
[0016]
Now, the mixture prepared as described above is composted by sedimentation fermentation. Composting is no different from composting of well-known activated sludge, chicken dung, cow dung, bark, etc. That is, when the mixture is deposited at a height of about 1 to 2 m in the deposition field, it varies depending on the composition of the mixture, the structure of the deposition field, and the like. ˜3 days later, exothermic fermentation occurs, and the temperature rises rapidly.
[0017]
This is because the easily decomposed organic matter is aerobically decomposed by the organic matter-degrading bacteria, and the respiratory heat generated at this time accumulates in the compost. Generally, the temperature at the center of deposition reaches about 70 ° C. or more in about 1 to 2 weeks, although it varies depending on summer and winter. This high temperature continues for about 3 weeks, but gradually the microbial activity declines and the fever becomes weaker. If the temperature at the center is lowered to about 50 to 60 ° C., cutting is performed. In addition, since water evaporates due to a high temperature during the deposition, water is sprayed at the time of switching so that the water content is about 50 to 70% by weight.
[0018]
The purpose of reversing is to improve the air flow by agitation, to promote sedimentation and to make composting uniform. After reversing, exothermic fermentation becomes popular again, and the temperature rises rapidly. Follow the same process as the first deposition. However, the heat generation temperature gradually decreases after several turns. In general, it is desirable to perform ten times or more of turnover during 1 to 4 months after deposition. The longer the deposition period, the better quality compost can be produced.
[0019]
After repeated deposition and turning over several times, post-ripening. During post-ripening, the temperature of the deposit is kept at 30 to 40 ° C., and decomposition of organic matter is accelerated by mesophilic microorganisms. If turning is performed about once or twice during this period, compost with higher quality can be produced. By the above operation, harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli mixed in the organic substance can be killed.
[0020]
The compost containing the gypsum board waste fermented as described above is a very good compost because the base paper in the gypsum board waste is well decomposed.
[0021]
According to the present invention, gypsum board waste, which has no use at all and is treated as an obstruction as a pollution source in a landfill or the like, is subjected to a fermentation process, that is, gypsum board waste is useful by being fermented. Good compost. Further, the compost of the present invention can be produced at a very low cost by utilizing waste organic substances during fermentation.
[0022]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below in further detail. In the following, “%” means “% by weight” unless otherwise specified.
[0023]
(1) Manufacture of compost for the example of the present invention Gypsum board waste discarded during the production of gypsum board is roughly pulverized to about 30 mm with a screw-type pulverizer, pulverized to about 5 mm with a rotary tooth pulverizer, and further pulverized with a roller mill. As a result, finely ground gypsum board waste having an average particle diameter of 2 mm was obtained. 100 parts of this finely ground gypsum board waste (dry matter weight; "parts" hereinafter all indicate dry matter weight), 30 parts of activated sludge generated from the sewage treatment plant, 50 parts of dried chicken manure, 28 parts of sawdust, and 6 parts of molasses Mixing was performed, and 5 t of a mixture 5 t adjusted by adding water so that the water content of the mixture was about 60% was deposited for 3 months to produce compost. The maximum temperature during the fermentation deposition reached 71 ° C., and tapping was performed 12 times during the deposition to produce a compost containing the fermented gypsum board waste of the present invention.
[0024]
(2) Manufacture of compost for comparative example Mixture prepared by adding 30 parts of activated sludge, 50 parts of dried chicken manure, 28 parts of sawdust, 6 parts of waste molasses and adding water so that the water content of the mixture is about 60%. 3t was deposited for 3 months to produce compost.
The maximum temperature during fermentation deposition reached 78 ° C. and twelve turnings were performed during deposition to produce compost. To 100 parts of this compost, 146 parts of finely pulverized gypsum board scraps having an average particle diameter of 2 mm were added and mixed well to produce a compost for a comparative example.
[0025]
(Seedling test)
Mix well 400 ml of air-dried alluvial / sand loam through a 2 mm sieve and the compost of the present invention and compost for a comparative example, and use N, P 2 O 5 , ammonia sulfate, lime superphosphate and potassium chloride. After mixing 25 mg as K 2 O, this soil was filled into a Neubawell pot. Three Neubauer pots were prepared for each culture. After moisture adjustment, 20 seeds of Komatsuna seeds previously sprouting were sown per pot. Sowing was carried out on July 28, 1998, cutting and surveying was carried out on August 7, 1998. The survey results for each triplicate average are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
[Table 1]
As is apparent from Table 1 above, the compost of the present invention is an excellent compost. It is not clear why fermented gypsum board waste shows such an excellent composting effect, but in the fermentation process, part of gypsum becomes soluble calcium salt or combines with organic degradation products to chelate It is presumed that the compound is produced and changed into a form that is easily absorbed by plants.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention relates to gypsum board waste, which has been treated as waste until now, as an organic material, particularly cheap and easily available livestock manure such as chicken dung, cow dung, and pig dung, or various industrial wastes containing organic material. And useful fertilizer with high fertilizer effect by mixing and fermenting. Therefore, the compost of the present invention can be manufactured at a very low price without requiring a special apparatus, and can be easily manufactured using a normal, ie, fermented chicken manure / cow manure composting apparatus, and has a very high practical value. .
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33208798A JP4011216B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 1998-11-05 | compost |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP33208798A JP4011216B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 1998-11-05 | compost |
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| JP2000143375A JP2000143375A (en) | 2000-05-23 |
| JP4011216B2 true JP4011216B2 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
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| JP33208798A Expired - Fee Related JP4011216B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 1998-11-05 | compost |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103613418A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-03-05 | 清华大学 | Sludge aerobic composting method |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030012719A (en) * | 2001-08-04 | 2003-02-12 | 금강산랜드 주식회사 | A fertilizer making method mineral material in addition al to organisn |
| CN103145484B (en) * | 2013-04-04 | 2014-09-24 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for preparing compound fertilizer through stirring type temperature feedback aerobic/anaerobic sludge garbage composting |
| CN104045466A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-17 | 南通蛇类治疗研究所 | Compounded element fertilizer of human and animal manure waste and industrial waste residue |
| CN104692848A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-10 | 广西大学 | Fermenting method for organic solid wastes |
| JP7474427B2 (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2024-04-25 | トリゼンオーシャンズ株式会社 | Marine fertilizer, and manufacturing and installation methods for the same |
| CN112744991B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-11-18 | 江西省农业科学院农业应用微生物研究所（江西省农村能源研究中心） | Method for producing biogas through high-load anaerobic fermentation by fully-quantitatively collecting breeding manure |
| EP4349961A4 (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2025-12-10 | Taiyo Yuka Co Ltd | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MICROBIAL PREPARATION, MICROBIAL PREPARATION AND COMPOSITION PROCESS |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103613418A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-03-05 | 清华大学 | Sludge aerobic composting method |
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| JP2000143375A (en) | 2000-05-23 |
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