JP4012026B2 - Foaming plastic liquefaction apparatus and liquefaction method - Google Patents

Description

実施例２及び比較例１の結果から、スクリュの溝の容積が上流から下流に向かって減少するように構成すると、ウレタンフォームの分解効率が向上し処理能力が増加することがわかる。更に、投入口側の溝が大きいと効果が増すことがわかる（実施例１と実施例２との比較）。これは、スクリュ内部に加熱手段を有する場合でも同様で、実施例７と実施例１１との比較から分解装置の処理能力が増加することが明らかである。
【００８０】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、発泡プラスチックの処理方法において、処理生成物の定量的な処理効率の向上を図った発泡プラスチックの処理方法及びその処理装置を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の処理装置の第１の実施形態を示す概略構成図。
【図２】図１の実施形態における反応部の内部構成を示す図で、（ａ）は処理装置の軸方向に沿った説明図、（ｂ）は、（ａ）中のＢ−Ｂ線断面図、（ｃ）は、（ａ）中のＣ−Ｃ線断面図。
【図３】本発明の処理装置の第２の実施形態を示す処理装置の軸方向に沿った説明図（ａ）、（ａ）中のＢ−Ｂ線断面図（ｂ）、及び、（ａ）中のＣ−Ｃ線断面図（ｃ）。
【図４】本発明の処理装置の第３の実施形態を示す処理装置の軸方向に沿った説明図（ａ）、（ａ）中のＢ−Ｂ線断面図（ｂ）、及び、（ａ）中のＣ−Ｃ線断面図（ｃ）。
【図５】本発明の処理装置の第４の実施形態を示す処理装置の軸方向に沿った説明図（ａ）、（ａ）中のＢ−Ｂ線断面図（ｂ）、及び、（ａ）中のＣ−Ｃ線断面図（ｃ）。
【図６】本発明の処理装置の第５の実施形態を示す処理装置の軸方向に沿った説明図（ａ）、（ａ）中のＢ−Ｂ線断面図（ｂ）、及び、（ａ）中のＣ−Ｃ線断面図（ｃ）。
【符号の説明】
１ 処理装置、 ２，２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄ 反応部、
５，５ａ，５ｂ，５ｃ，５ｄ シリンダ、 ６ 駆動部、
７ 排出口、 ８ フィーダ、
９，９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃ，９ｄ スクリュ、[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a processing apparatus for foamed plastic, and more particularly to a processing apparatus for foamed plastic that heats the foamed plastic while kneading.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Foamed plastic is a material that can be used as heat insulating materials, building materials, structural materials, cushioning materials, sound insulation materials and other industrial materials. Polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, etc. are appropriately used depending on the material. Yes. In particular, urethane resin foam materials have been used in various fields such as refrigerator heat insulation materials, building material heat insulation materials, and cushion materials for sheet and mats, as application technology is being developed. Polystyrene foam and polyethylene foam are widely used as containers, as well as heat insulating materials.
[0003]
In recent years, legislation on the recycling of industrial products has been enacted and it has become necessary to recycle refrigerators, cars, packaging containers, etc. Along with this, establishment of recycling technology for urethane foam and polystyrene foam used in these products Is an urgent need.
[0004]
Plastics mainly have recycling methods such as material recycling, chemical recycling, and thermal recycling, and various methods are used depending on the materials and recycling means. For example, one of the urethane resin recycling methods is chemical recycling, which is a method of decomposing urethane resin into low molecular weight compounds or raw material compounds. In this connection, various methods have been reported for a long time. ing. For example, a method is described in which a flexible polyurethane foam is decomposed with monoethanolamine, and then aromatic amine and monoethanolamine are distilled and separated and recovered from the decomposition product (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This method is intended to separate and recover polyol, which is a raw material for producing urethane resin, and uses a large amount of decomposition treatment agents such as monoethanolamine, so the resulting decomposition products must be purified by distillation. As a result, the processing steps for reuse are complicated. Furthermore, since the decomposition reaction is performed in a batch system, the processing takes time.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No.42-10634
[0006]
On the other hand, a method for adding a decomposing agent to a urethane resin and decomposing it into a liquid material is described (for example, see Patent Document 2). If the obtained liquid material is used as it is as a recycled resin raw material, the treatment process becomes simple. .
[0007]
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-51-79198
[0008]
In addition, as a method for treating polystyrene foam, there are a method of dissolving and reducing the volume using a volume reducing agent such as limonene, a method of reducing the volume by heating as it is, and a method of regenerating into pellets.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
These recycling methods include a step of heating the plastic or a mixture of the treatment agent and the plastic. However, the foamed plastic is a material having extremely low thermal conductivity due to the internal bubbles, and thus promotes the processing. Therefore, even if heating is performed, heat cannot be efficiently supplied into the foamed plastic. Therefore, when the urethane foam is processed using the above-described processing method, an improvement for improving the processing efficiency is necessary.
[0010]
In addition, in the case of chemical recycling, it takes time to allow the decomposition agent to sufficiently react with the solid resin, so in order to shorten the reaction time, the mixing of the resin and the treatment agent and the processing of the resin are promoted. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a device configuration to do this.
[0011]
Moreover, as a processing apparatus used for performing processing including mixing continuously and efficiently, there is an extruder having a kneading function, but when plastic processing is performed by an extruder using the processing method as described above, Plastics, especially foamed plastics, are bulky and are reduced in volume as they are processed. As processing proceeds, contact with the heating section of the extruder becomes insufficient and heat supply becomes insufficient. The reaction becomes difficult to proceed. Furthermore, since the heat conductivity of the foamed plastic is low, heat necessary for the reaction is not sufficiently transmitted, and the quality of the processed product is not stable. Since this problem becomes more noticeable as the processing apparatus becomes larger, it becomes an obstacle in implementation.
[0012]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is a foamed plastic processing apparatus capable of continuously and efficiently performing processing of foamed plastic, stabilizing the quality of processed products, and capable of mass processing. The issue is to provide.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a plastic liquefaction apparatus comprises:BeforeFoam plasticDecomposing agent or volume reducing agentAnd a cylinder having a discharge port for discharging the liquefied product of the injected plastic foam, and from the input port side to the discharge port side according to the volume reduction due to the liquefaction of the plastic foam The foam is formed so as to decrease in volume toward the discharge port, and has a spiral groove for conveying the charged foamed plastic to the discharge port, and is rotatably supported so as to be inscribed in the cylinder. A screw whose rotational speed is adjusted so as to correspond to the time required for liquefaction of the plastic, and a heating means for heating the foamed plastic in the cylinder from both the cylinder and the screw to a temperature at which the foamed plastic is liquefied. It is a summary to comprise.
  According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for liquefying a foamed plastic includes a cylinder having an inlet and an outlet, and a spiral groove for transporting plastic introduced from the inlet to the outlet. A processing apparatus having a screw rotatably supported so as to be inscribed in the cylinder, and a heating means for heating the plastic in the cylinder.BeforeFoam plasticDecomposing agent or volume reducing agentThe foamed plastic liquefaction method for heating the foamed plastic to a temperature at which the foamed plastic liquefies, wherein heating by the heating means is performed from both the cylinder and the screw, and the foamed plastic to be fed from the inlet is The groove is configured such that the volume of the groove decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side as the volume decreases due to liquefaction, and the residence time of the foamed plastic in the processing apparatus is the time required for liquefaction. The gist is to adjust the rotational speed of the screw so as to correspond.
[0014]
The groove formed so that the volume decreases from the inlet port side to the outlet port side only needs to be a portion that decreases in at least a part from the inlet port to the outlet port.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
When plastic and a decomposing agent or volume reducing agent are mixed and heated, decomposition and volume reduction of the plastic progresses. However, in the case of foamed plastic, the bubbles break and reduce as the resin is processed. A gap is formed between the wall portion and the foamed plastic, and direct heat supply from the wall portion is reduced. Moreover, since the thermal conductivity of the foam material is extremely low due to the presence of internal bubbles, a direct decrease in heat supply from the surface of the foam material greatly affects the processing efficiency. Therefore, in order to proceed with the processing of the foamed plastic, the volume in which the workpiece is accommodated decreases as the volume of the processing of the foamed plastic decreases so that the contact between the processing device wall and the foamed plastic is always maintained. Such a device configuration is required. The object to be treated refers to a foamed plastic, a foamed plastic treatment product, or a mixture of both. The foamed plastic is used at the inlet, and a part of the product is treated during transportation. The proportion of the processed product increases as it goes to the outlet.
[0016]
In addition, in continuous processing of foamed plastic using an extruder-type processing device, if it is continuously input to the processing device, heat will not be transferred from the processing device wall to the internal unprocessed material, so the unprocessed material will pass through. Since the screw inside the processing apparatus is gradually cooled at the portion where the processing is performed, the processing efficiency is lowered and the amount that can be charged is reduced. Furthermore, the heat required for the reaction is not transmitted uniformly, and the quality of the processed product is not stable.
[0017]
In the present invention, by using an extruder type processing apparatus, the volume in which the workpiece is accommodated is narrower on the discharge side than on the input side so that the contact between the apparatus wall and the workpiece is always maintained. By configuring the apparatus structure as described above, it is possible to solve the above-mentioned problems and to process the foamed plastic continuously and efficiently to obtain a processed product of stable quality.
[0018]
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described using a urethane foam decomposition apparatus as an example. In addition, since the subject mentioned above is a matter common to the process of not only a urethane foam but various foamed plastics, the processing apparatus demonstrated below is applicable to the process of the various plastic materials reduced in volume by a process. .
[0019]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically showing the structure of a processing apparatus. The processing apparatus 1 has a reaction unit 2 of a single screw extruder type. 2A to 2C are diagrams for explaining the inside of the reaction unit 2 of the processing apparatus 1 of FIG.
[0020]
The mixed material 4 obtained by mixing the urethane foam to be decomposed and the decomposer using the mixer 3 is supplied as an object to be processed to a charging port provided at one end of the cylinder 5 of the reaction unit 2 through the feeder 8. The cylinder 5 is composed of a wall portion formed of a material having good heat conductivity such as metal, a heating means for heating the wall portion, and a heat-insulating outer peripheral portion for covering them (not shown). By heating the object to be processed in the cylinder 5, the decomposition of the urethane foam proceeds. An object to be processed including a decomposition product of urethane foam is discharged from the discharge port 7 at the other end. The reaction unit 2 is divided into a plurality of sections, in this example, seven sections C1 to C7, and the temperature can be individually set and changed for each. The heating means of the cylinder 5 may be appropriately selected from those generally used. Examples thereof include a method of providing a cast-in heater and a method of heating by circulating oil or steam as a heat medium.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 2, the inner wall of the cylinder 5 forms a cylindrical screw hole, and the screw 9 is supported coaxially and rotatably with the cylinder 5 in the screw hole. The screw 9 has a spiral groove in the peripheral portion, and the peripheral portion of the screw 9, that is, the screw thread, is inscribed in the cylinder 5 inner wall. By rotating the screw 9 by the drive unit 6, the mixed material 4 supplied from the charging port is heated while moving in the screw hole toward the discharge port 7 along the groove of the screw 9, and the discharge port 7. Extruded from. In this example, the urethane foam is charged into the reaction unit 2 in a state where it is mixed with the decomposing agent in advance. However, the urethane foam and the decomposing agent may be directly charged into the reaction unit 2 and reacted.
[0022]
The groove of the screw 9 has a constant helical pitch, but is formed so that the depth of the groove gradually becomes shallower from the inlet side toward the outlet side. In other words, the shaft portion of the screw 9 is tapered from the outlet side toward the inlet side. Accordingly, since the cross-sectional area of the groove in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the screw 9 gradually decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side, the volume of the groove of the screw 9 increases from the inlet side toward the outlet side. It gradually decreases. Therefore, the ratio of the groove of the screw 9 is reduced while the mixed material 4 is introduced into the cylinder 5 from the inlet and the object to be processed proceeds along the groove in the cylinder 5, so that the volume of the object to be processed is reduced. Even if it gradually decreases due to the decomposition of the urethane foam, it is possible to prevent a gap from being formed between the object to be processed and the inner wall of the cylinder, maintain the contact between both, and heat from the cylinder 5 to the object to be processed. Supply is secured.
[0023]
The dimension of the groove of the screw 9 can be set according to the following.
[0024]
  The screw trough diameter (shaft diameter) under the screw 9 inlet is Di, the pitch length at the lower portion of the inlet 9 is li, and the discharge port side where the initial volume reduction ends when viewed from the screw 9 inlet side. Assuming that the screw valley diameter of the portion is Df, the pitch length of the discharge port side portion is lf, and the cylinder inner diameter (screw diameter) is D, the groove volume Vi per spiral turn under the inlet is
  Vi = [(D / 2) ² × π- (Di / 2) ² × π] × li
The volume Vf of the groove on the discharge side is:
  Vf = [(D / 2) ² × π- (Df / 2) ² × π] × lf
Therefore, the reduction ratio of the groove volume is expressed by Vf / Vi. Therefore, the volume of the urethane foam is reduced according to this reduction ratio. In general, since the foaming ratio of urethane foam is often up to about 100 times, the reduction ratio Vf / Vi of the groove volume is 1/100.~ofWithin the range is preferable.
[0025]
In the actual screw size display, the depth of the groove, that is, the height of the thread is often displayed. In this case, the depth of the groove under the inlet, that is, the height of the thread is indicated as hi. If the depth of the groove on the exit side, that is, the height of the thread is hf,
hi = (D−Di) / 2
hf = (D−Df) / 2
Therefore, the reduction ratio is expressed using hi and hf.
[0026]
  The volume per unit length of the groove formed in the screw 9 is inputmouthIt may be reduced uniformly from the outlet to the outlet or locally. That is, it can be configured to decrease in at least a part of the groove. It is preferable to determine the volume change profile of the object to be processed due to the progress of resin decomposition. A sudden decrease in the volume of the groove when the reaction is not progressing causes material clogging, so a sudden groove in the portion from the inlet to the screw length (or cylinder length) L of about 1/20. It is desirable to avoid narrowing. Preferably, when the volume at a point 1/20 with respect to the screw length (or cylinder length) L is Va, the volume reduction ratio Va / Vi is expressed, and Va / Vi is 0.4 or more. desirable. In addition, it is preferable that the volume of the groove is continuously reduced in order to prevent the clogging of the object to be processed and the clogging. The staying time in the disassembling apparatus of the workpiece can be adjusted by the rotational speed of the screw, and can be appropriately set according to the processing time required for disassembling the foam. This should be taken into consideration when designing the cylinder length L.
[0027]
The above decomposition apparatus is provided with a means for heating the screw 9 so that the object to be processed is heated from both the outside (cylinder side) and the inside (screw side). Since the area to be directly supplied is increased and the heat supply efficiency is increased, the urethane foam can be decomposed more efficiently and the processing amount of the urethane foam can be increased. This is possible, for example, by embedding and heating a heater or a tube into which high-temperature steam or oil can be introduced into the screw 9.
[0028]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the processing apparatus 1. In this apparatus, the groove of the screw 9a of the reaction section 2a has a constant groove depth (hi = hf), but the helical pitch is the same. The groove is gradually shortened so that the axial width of the groove gradually decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side (li> lf). Accordingly, the sectional area of the groove in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the screw 9a is constant, but the volume of the groove per unit length of the groove of the screw 9a gradually decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side. Therefore, the volume occupied by the axial groove of the screw 9a is reduced while the mixed material 4 is charged into the cylinder 5a from the charging port and the object to be processed proceeds along the groove in the cylinder 5a. The contact between the object and the cylinder inner wall can be maintained, and heat supply from the cylinder 5a to the object to be processed is ensured. This processing apparatus is easy to shorten the axial length of the apparatus.
[0029]
Or you may comprise the reaction part of a processing apparatus like FIG. In the reaction unit 2b in FIG. 4, the pitch of the spiral is constant (li = lf), but the inside of the cylinder 5b and the screw 9b are tapered from the discharge port side to the input port side. That is, the groove of the screw 9b is formed into a truncated cone shape in which the inner diameter D of the cylinder 5b and the outer diameter of the screw 9b are gradually reduced, so that the depth of the groove gradually decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side. (Hi> hf). Accordingly, since the cross-sectional area of the groove in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the screw 9b gradually decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side, the volume of the groove of the screw 9b also gradually increases from the inlet side toward the outlet side. Decrease. Therefore, the volume occupied by the axial groove of the screw 9b is reduced while the mixed material 4 is charged into the cylinder 5b from the charging port and the object to be processed proceeds in the cylinder 5b along the groove. The contact between the object and the cylinder inner wall is maintained, and heat supply from the cylinder 5b to the object to be processed is ensured. Since this processing apparatus can make the diameter of the shaft portion of the screw constant, the strength of the screw becomes relatively uniform.
[0030]
As can be understood from the above, the cylinder of the processing apparatus of the present invention and the screw inscribed therein have a screw hole and a screw having a cylindrical shape or a truncated cone shape, that is, a rotating body shape, and a spiral groove on the periphery of the screw. The depth (radial direction) and / or width (axial direction) of the groove is reduced so that the volume of the groove is smaller on the discharge port side than on the input port side.
[0031]
By disposing the processing apparatus in the present invention in an extruder type as described above, the urethane foam is continuously decomposed. The processing apparatus can also be configured to have a plurality of screws inside the cylinder. Moreover, you may use combining the characteristic of the processing apparatus of FIGS. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a set of cylinders and screws that are continuously connected by selecting a plurality of types from the cylinders and screws shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 can be configured, or the depth and width of the screw groove can be simultaneously reduced. Can be configured to. In FIG. 5, the volume of the groove is constant in the portions of the axial lengths L1, L3, and L5 of the screw, and the volume of the groove is reduced by increasing the diameter of the shaft portion in the portions of the axial lengths L2 and L4. As described above, there are various methods for reducing the groove volume per pitch. As shown in FIG. 2, the method for reducing the depth of the screw groove, that is, the method for increasing the height of the screw peak is shown in FIG. Since the contact area with the cylinder becomes larger than the method of reducing the screw pitch width as described above, the heat supply efficiency from the cylinder is increased, and the processing efficiency of the object to be processed can be further increased.
[0032]
The treatment apparatus of the present invention can be effectively applied to continuous decomposition treatment of urethane resin, particularly urethane foam, and the urethane resin may be any polymer having a urethane bond or a urea bond. It is more preferable if it is foamed, such as a hard urethane foam such as the above, a soft urethane foam such as a seat cushion material, a semi-rigid urethane foam, or an isocyanurate foam such as a heat insulating material for building materials. However, the material to be treated is not limited to this, and it may be used for the decomposition treatment of other foamed plastics whose volume is reduced by the treatment, that is, the plastic porous material.
[0033]
The decomposition process of the urethane foam using the processing apparatus of the present invention is performed as follows, for example.
[0034]
First, it is desirable that the urethane foam be appropriately crushed before being processed using the above-described decomposition apparatus. Any crushing method may be used. For example, a crushing method, a ball mill crushing method, a pin type mill, a rod mill, a hammer mill, a cone crusher or the like can be used. The crushing shape is not particularly limited as long as the crushing shape is large enough to be put into the decomposition apparatus.
[0035]
The crushed urethane foam is mixed with a decomposing agent and optionally added catalyst. The decomposing agent varies depending on the decomposing method, and includes an amine compound, a polyol, and water. Examples of amine compounds used include linear aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, aromatic amines, and heterocyclic amines. Examples of linear aliphatic amines include ethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, propanediamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, and 2- (2-aminoethylamino). ) Ethanol, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, ethylaminoethanol, aminobutanol, n-propylamine, di-n-propylamine, n-amylamine, isobutylamine, or methyldiethylamine Can be mentioned. Cycloaliphatic amines include cyclohexylamine, piperazine, piperidine and the like. Examples of the aromatic amine include aniline, toluidine, benzylamine, phenylenediamine, xylylenediamine, and chloroaniline. Examples of the heterocyclic amine include pyridine, picoline, N-methylmorpholine, ethylmorpholine, and pyrazole. These amines can be used individually or in mixture of 2 or more types.
[0036]
The polyol is not particularly limited. For example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, Polymers such as dihydric alcohols such as polyoxyethylene glycol and polyoxypropylene glycol, trihydric alcohols such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, polyethylene glycol and the like, and epoxide-added poly Examples include ether polyols and polyester polyols.
[0037]
Hydrolysis using water is not particularly limited as a catalyst. For example, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, their compounds, amine compounds, and the like are used.
[0038]
The urethane foam mixed with the decomposing agent as described above is put into a processing apparatus and decomposed. Urethane foam becomes a liquid or solid decomposition product by the decomposition treatment, and becomes a resource for manufacturing various recycled products. For example, when an epoxy resin is mixed with a decomposition product and cured, a urethane-modified epoxy resin is obtained. The epoxy resin used at this time may be a general-purpose epoxy resin. Moreover, a decomposition product can also be used as a raw material of a urethane resin.
[0039]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
[0040]
Example 1
<Preparation of urethane foam>
Hard urethane foam (density 25kg / m)³) Was taken out and crushed to about 5 mm.
[0041]
<Decomposition of urethane resin>
500 g of diethanolamine and 1500 g of urethane foam were put into a container mixing type stirrer and mixed for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed material having a diethanolamine / urethane foam mixing ratio = 1/3.
[0042]
As shown in FIG. 6, a cylinder 5d having a screw hole diameter D of 65 mm and an L / D of 30.5, and a valley diameter Di at the lower part of the feeder (hopper) 8 is 45 mm, and a portion up to the upstream side L1 ′ (axial direction) In the portion of length L = 0 to L1 ′, L1 ′ / D = 4.4), the valley diameter Di is constant, and the subsequent portion to L2 ′ on the downstream side (L = L1 ′ to (L1 ′ + L2). The screw 9d (groove reduction ratio Vf / Vi) provided with grooves so that the valley diameter increases linearly up to the valley diameter Df = 59 mm on the discharge port side in the portion '), L2' / D = 5.0) = 0.33) was subjected to the following decomposition treatment.
[0043]
The temperature of the cylinder 5d is adjusted to 250 ° C. by a heating device, the number of rotations of the screw is set to 450 rpm, the screw 9d is operated by the drive unit 6, and the above-mentioned urethane foam mixed material is charged at a rate of 7.7 kg / h. The mixed material was heated and kneaded in the cylinder 5d. As a result, a decomposition product of urethane foam was continuously obtained, and the decomposition product was a brown viscous liquid.
[0044]
(Example 2)
<Decomposition of urethane resin>
The trough diameter Di at the lower portion of the feeder (hopper) 8 of the screw 9d is 25 mm, and the trough is in the portion up to the upstream side L1 ′ (the portion of axial length L = 0 to L1 ′, L1 ′ / D = 6.5). The diameter Di is constant, and the valley diameter at the downstream side of L2 ′ (the portion of L = L1 ′ to (L1 ′ + L2 ′), L2 ′ / D = 5.0) is on the outlet side. The structure as shown in FIG. 6 is the same as that of Example 1 except that grooves are provided so as to increase linearly up to the valley diameter Df = 56.5 mm (groove reduction ratio Vf / Vi = 0.29). The following decomposition treatment was performed using a single-screw extruder type processing apparatus.
[0045]
The temperature of the cylinder 5d is adjusted to 250 ° C. by a heating device, the number of rotations of the screw is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit 6, and the same urethane foam mixed material as in Example 1 is charged into the charging port and mixed material Was kneaded by heating in a cylinder. As a result, the urethane foam mixed material could be charged at a rate of 17.5 kg / h, and a decomposed product of urethane foam was continuously obtained. The decomposed product was a brown viscous liquid.
[0046]
(Example 3)
As shown in FIG. 2, a cylinder 5 having a screw hole diameter D of 65 mm and an L / D of 30.5, and a valley diameter Di of a screw 9 at the lower part of the feeder (hopper) 8 is 25 mm and a valley from the inlet to the outlet. Single screw extruder type treatment with screw 9 (groove reduction ratio Vf / Vi = 0.29) provided with grooves so that the diameter increases linearly from Di (25 mm) to Df (56.6 mm) The following decomposition treatment was performed using the apparatus.
[0047]
The temperature of the cylinder 5 is adjusted to 250 ° C. by a heating device, the screw rotation speed is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit 6, and the same urethane foam mixed material as in Example 1 is put into the inlet and mixed material Was kneaded by heating in a cylinder. As a result, the urethane foam mixed material could be charged at a rate of 15.8 kg / h, and a decomposed product of the urethane foam was continuously obtained. The decomposed product was a brown viscous liquid.
[0048]
Example 4
<Decomposition of urethane resin>
As shown in FIG. 5, a single-screw extruder type processing apparatus having a screw 9c having two increased portions of the screw valley diameter was prepared. In this processing apparatus, the screw hole diameter D of the cylinder 5c is 65 mm, L / D is 30.5, and the valley diameter does not change in the portion from the upstream side of the screw 9c to L1 (L1 / D = 6.5). The valley diameter increases linearly from Di (= 25 mm) to 40.8 mm in the subsequent L2 portion (L2 / D = 2.5), and the subsequent L3 portion (L3 / D = 6.5). The valley diameter is maintained at 40.8 mm, and the valley diameter increases linearly from 40.8 mm to Df (= 56.5 mm) in the L4 portion (L4 / D = 2.5). L5 / D = 12.5) was provided with a groove so as to be constant (groove reduction ratio Vf / Vi = 0.71 × 2), and the following decomposition treatment was performed using this apparatus.
[0049]
The temperature of the cylinder 5c is adjusted to 250 ° C. by a heating device, the number of rotations of the screw is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit 6, and the same urethane foam mixed material as in Example 1 is charged into the charging port and mixed material Was kneaded by heating in a cylinder. As a result, the urethane foam mixed material could be charged at a rate of 13.7 kg / h, and a decomposed product of urethane foam was continuously obtained. The decomposed product was a brown viscous liquid.
[0050]
(Example 5)
150 g of diethanolamine and 1500 g of urethane foam were put into a container mixing type stirrer and mixed for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed material having a diethanolamine / urethane foam mixing ratio of 1/10.
[0051]
Using the same decomposition apparatus as in Example 2, the following decomposition treatment was performed.
[0052]
The temperature of the cylinder is adjusted to 250 ° C. by a heating device, the number of rotations of the screw is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit 6, and the above-mentioned urethane foam mixed material is charged into the inlet and the mixed material is placed in the cylinder. Heat-kneaded. As a result, the urethane foam mixed material could be charged at a rate of 20.5 kg / h, and a decomposed product of urethane foam was continuously obtained. The decomposed product was a brown viscous liquid.
[0053]
(Example 6)
<Preparation of urethane foam>
Urethane foam for insulation of used building materials (density 28.0 kg / m³) Was taken out and crushed to about 5 mm.
[0054]
<Decomposition of urethane resin>
150 g of diethanolamine and 1500 g of urethane foam were put into a container mixing stirrer and mixed for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed material having a diethanolamine / urethane foam mixing ratio of 1/10.
[0055]
The following decomposition treatment was performed using the same decomposition apparatus as in Example 2.
[0056]
The temperature of the cylinder is adjusted to 250 ° C. by a heating device, the screw rotation speed is set to 300 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit, the above-mentioned urethane foam mixed material is charged into the charging port, and the mixed material is heated and kneaded in the cylinder. did. As a result, the urethane foam mixture could be charged at a rate of 18.8 kg / h, and a decomposed product of the urethane foam was continuously obtained. The decomposed product was a brown viscous liquid. This decomposition product solidified at room temperature.
[0057]
(Example 7)
<Preparation of urethane foam>
Waste soft urethane foam (32.5kg / m) for the cushioning process of automobile seats³) Was collected and pulverized to about 5 mm.
[0058]
<Decomposition of urethane resin>
300 g of monoethanolamine and 1500 g of urethane foam were put into a container mixing type stirrer and mixed for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed material having a monoethanolamine / urethane foam mixing ratio of 1/5.
[0059]
The following decomposition process was performed using the same processing apparatus as in Example 2.
[0060]
The temperature of the cylinder is adjusted to 210 ° C. with a heating device, the number of rotations of the screw is set to 450 rpm, the screw is actuated by the drive unit 6, and the urethane foam mixed material described above is charged into the charging port to mix the mixed material in the cylinder. Heat-kneaded. As a result, the urethane foam mixed material could be charged at a rate of 23.2 kg / h, and a decomposed product of the urethane foam was continuously obtained, and the decomposed product was an orange paste.
[0061]
(Example 8)
A cylinder 5a with a screw hole diameter D of 65 mm and an L / D of 30.5, and a valley diameter constant from the inlet to the outlet (Di = Df = 25 mm), so that the screw pitch continuously decreases from 70 mm to 32 mm. The following decomposition treatment was performed using a processing apparatus as shown in FIG. 3 having a groove 9 (groove reduction ratio Vf / Vi = 0.46) and a screw 9a.
[0062]
The temperature of the cylinder is adjusted to 250 ° C. with a heating device, the number of rotations of the screw is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit 6, and the same urethane foam mixed material as in Example 1 is charged into the charging port, The mixed material was heated and kneaded. As a result, the urethane foam mixed material could be charged at a rate of 12.0 kg / h, and a decomposed product of urethane foam was continuously obtained. The decomposed product was a brown viscous liquid.
[0063]
Example 9
A single screw extruder type processing apparatus having the structure as shown in FIG. 6 is used, except that the screw pitch is continuously changed from 59 mm to 32 mm and the groove reduction ratio Vf / Vi is 0.16. The following decomposition treatment was performed.
[0064]
The temperature of the cylinder is adjusted to 250 ° C. by a heating device, the number of rotations of the screw is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit 6, and the same urethane foam mixed material as in Example 1 is charged into the charging port, The mixed material was heated and kneaded. As a result, the urethane foam mixed material could be charged at a rate of 18.1 kg / h, and a decomposed product of the urethane foam was continuously obtained. The decomposed product was a brown viscous liquid.
[0065]
(Example 10)
As shown in FIG. 4, the screw hole diameter D is continuously changed from 65 mm to 45 mm, the cylinder 5b having L / D of 30.5, and the screw diameter changes with the change of the screw diameter, but the screw valley diameter is 25 mm. The following decomposition process was performed using a single screw extruder type processing apparatus having a constant screw 9b (groove reduction ratio Vf / Vi = 0.34).
[0066]
The temperature of the cylinder is adjusted to 250 ° C. with a heating device, the number of rotations of the screw is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit 6, and the same urethane foam mixed material as in Example 1 is charged into the charging port, The mixed material was heated and kneaded. As a result, the urethane foam mixed material could be charged at a rate of 12.8 kg / h, and a decomposed product of the urethane foam was continuously obtained, and the decomposed product was a brown viscous liquid.
[0067]
(Reference Example 1)
<Decomposition of urethane resin>
A cylinder with a L / D of 30.5 and a screw hole diameter D of 65 mm, and a screw provided with a uniform groove with a trough diameter Di at the bottom of the feeder (hopper) and a trough diameter Df on the outlet side of 25 mm (groove reduction ratio) Vf / Vi = 1), and the following decomposition treatment was performed using a single screw extruder type decomposition apparatus in which a heater was embedded in the screw and temperature control was possible.
[0068]
The temperature of the cylinder and screw is adjusted to 210 ° C. by a heating device and an internal heater, the screw rotation speed is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit, and the urethane foam mixed material similar to that used in Example 7 is used. Was put into the inlet and heated and kneaded in the cylinder. As a result, the urethane foam mixed material could be charged at a rate of 15.0 kg / h, and a decomposed product of urethane foam was continuously obtained. The decomposed product was an orange paste.
[0069]
(Example 11)
<Decomposition of urethane resin>
Using the same urethane foam mixed material as in Example 7 and using a single screw extruder type decomposition apparatus having the same screw and cylinder as in Example 2 except that a heater is embedded in the screw so that the temperature can be controlled. The following decomposition treatment was performed.
[0070]
The temperature of the cylinder and screw is adjusted to 210 ° C. with a heating device and an internal heater,
The number of rotations of the screw was set to 450 rpm and the screw was operated by the drive unit, and the urethane foam mixed material was charged into the charging port and heated and kneaded in the cylinder. As a result, the urethane foam mixture could be charged at a rate of 35.2 kg / h, and a decomposed product of the urethane foam was continuously obtained, and the decomposed product was an orange paste.
[0071]
(Comparative Example 1)
<Decomposition of urethane resin>
A cylinder with a L / D of 30.5 and a screw hole diameter D of 65 mm, and a screw provided with a uniform groove with a trough diameter Di at the bottom of the feeder (hopper) and a trough diameter Df on the outlet side of 25 mm (groove reduction ratio) The following decomposition treatment was performed using a single-screw extruder type decomposition apparatus having Vf / Vi = 1).
[0072]
The temperature of the cylinder is adjusted to 210 ° C. with a heating device, the number of rotations of the screw is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit, and the same urethane foam mixed material as in Example 1 is introduced into the inlet and mixed in the cylinder. The material was heat kneaded. As a result, a liquid decomposition product was generated at a rate of 5.0 kg / h where the rate of input was small. However, when the rate of input was 8.0 kg / h, a material clogging phenomenon occurred and the rate of input could be increased. could not.
[0073]
(Example 12)
<Preparation of polystyrene foam>
Polystyrene foam waste material used for heat insulation (Styrofoam, density: 20.0 kg / m³) Was collected and pulverized to about 5 mm.
[0074]
<Reducing volume of polystyrene foam>
The following volume reduction treatment was performed using the same processing apparatus as in Example 11.
[0075]
The temperature of the cylinder and the screw is adjusted to 180 ° C. by a heating device, the screw rotation speed is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit 6, and the polystyrene foam described above is charged into the charging port and heated and kneaded in the cylinder. . As a result, it was possible to charge at a rate of 38.2 kg / h, and a reduced volume of polystyrene foam was continuously obtained. The volume-reduced product could be reshaped into white pellets by cooling.
[0076]
(Example 13)
The following volume reduction treatment was performed using the same processing apparatus as in Example 11.
[0077]
The temperature of the cylinder and the screw is adjusted to 60 ° C. by a heating device, the screw rotation speed is set to 450 rpm, the screw is operated by the drive unit 6, and the same polystyrene foam as in Example 12 is 40.0 kg / h from the quantitative feeder. Then, limonene was introduced at a rate of 0.8 kg / h from a vent in the cylinder using a liquid feed pump. The total input amount was 40.8 kg / h. The mixture of polystyrene foam and limonene was kneaded in a cylinder, and as a result, a polystyrene foam volume-reduced product was continuously obtained. The volume-reduced product could be reshaped into white gel-like pellets after recovering the limonene.
[0078]
The above Examples 1 to 13, Reference Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are summarized as shown in Table 1.
[0079]
[Table 1]

From the results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that when the volume of the screw groove is decreased from upstream to downstream, the decomposition efficiency of the urethane foam is improved and the processing capacity is increased. Furthermore, it can be seen that the effect increases when the groove on the inlet side is large (comparison between Example 1 and Example 2). This is the same even when the heating means is provided inside the screw, and it is clear from the comparison between Example 7 and Example 11 that the processing capacity of the decomposition apparatus increases.
[0080]
【The invention's effect】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can provide a foamed plastic processing method and a processing apparatus for the foamed plastic processing method, in which quantitative processing efficiency of the processed product is improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a processing apparatus of the present invention.
2 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of a reaction unit in the embodiment of FIG. 1, wherein (a) is an explanatory view along the axial direction of the processing apparatus, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in (a). The figure, (c) is CC sectional view taken on the line in (a).
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view (a) along the axial direction of a processing apparatus showing a second embodiment of the processing apparatus of the present invention, a cross-sectional view along line BB in (a), and (a). CC sectional view (c) in FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view (a) along the axial direction of a processing apparatus showing a third embodiment of the processing apparatus of the present invention, a cross-sectional view along line BB in (a), and (a). CC sectional view (c) in FIG.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view (a) along the axial direction of a processing apparatus showing a fourth embodiment of the processing apparatus of the present invention, a cross-sectional view along line BB in (a), and (a). CC sectional view (c) in FIG.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view (a) along the axial direction of a processing apparatus showing a fifth embodiment of the processing apparatus of the present invention, a cross-sectional view along line BB in (a), and (a). CC sectional view (c) in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 treatment device, 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d reaction section,
5, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d cylinder, 6 drive unit,
7 outlet, 8 feeder,
9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d screw,

Claims (3)

A cylinder having a foamed plastic及beauty before SL inlet for introducing a decomposing agent or volume reduction agent foamed plastic, and the entered said foam discharge port for discharging the liquefied product of the plastic,
A spiral groove is formed so that the volume decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side as the volume of the foamed plastic is reduced due to liquefaction. A screw that is rotatably supported so as to be inscribed in the cylinder, and whose rotation speed is adjusted so as to correspond to a time required for liquefaction of the foamed plastic,
A device for liquefying foamed plastic, comprising heating means for heating the foamed plastic in the cylinder to a temperature at which the foamed plastic is liquefied from both the cylinder and the screw. In at least a part of the groove, the depth or width of the groove continuously decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side, and the groove has a volume Vi per pitch below the inlet. The volume reduction ratio Vf / Vi represented by the volume Vf per pitch on the discharge port side is 1/100 or more, and the screw length from the bottom of the input port to the volume Vi per pitch under the input port. reduction ratio represented by the volume in the volume Va of 1 per pitch at the point of 1/20 Va / Vi liquefying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the Ru der 0.4 or more. A cylinder having a charging port and a discharging port; and a screw rotatably supported so as to be inscribed in the cylinder having a spiral groove for conveying the plastic charged from the charging port to the discharging port; heating treatment apparatus having a heating means for heating the plastic in the cylinder, by introducing a decomposing agent or volume reduction agent foam及beauty before Symbol plastic foam, the temperature of the foamed plastic is liquefied A method for liquefying foamed plastic,
Heating by the heating means is performed from both the cylinder and the screw,
The groove is configured such that the volume of the groove decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side in accordance with a volume reduction due to liquefaction of the foamed plastic introduced from the inlet,
A method for liquefying foamed plastic, comprising adjusting the rotational speed of the screw so that the residence time of the foamed plastic in the processing apparatus corresponds to the time required for liquefaction.

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