JP4012969B2 - Search method of optimum setting angle of sail of sailing ship - Google Patents

Description

  In the present invention, a plurality of sails are installed on the hull for the purpose of increasing the propulsive force of the ship by using the wind, and the propulsive force is maximized in consideration of the wind speed, the wind direction, and the propulsion state of the ship. It seeks the optimum setting angle of the sail, thereby reducing the fuel consumption of the ship.

The ship navigation means in which sails are installed on the hull and the propulsive force is obtained by wind is a form that has existed since ancient times. Further, a method of installing a sail on a hull to assist a ship engine and using a thrust generated by the sail as a part of a propulsive force has already been realized in an actual ship. At that time, the setting angle of the sail should be set to a state where the propulsive force will be maximized by experience regardless of single sail or multiple sails, or the maximum propulsive force determined from the performance of the single sail is generated. The sail was in a set state.
At that time, the propulsive force of the entire sails is reduced compared to the force assumed by the single sail due to the interference between the sails in the case of multiple sails and between the sail and the hull, but the thrust reduction is reduced. Or, there is no guideline for increasing thrust by using the interference effect of sail.
JP-A-60-139593

  The present invention provides a method for searching an optimum set angle of a sail of a sailing ship to obtain a maximum propulsive force when a plurality of sails exist on the hull and differ from the sail performance in a single state due to the influence of interference between the sails and the hull. The issue is to provide. Even when the sail is alone on the hull, the maximum propulsive force can be obtained by this method.

The method for searching for the optimum setting angle of the sail of a sailing ship according to the present invention includes a first sail, a second sail, a third sail,... A plurality of sails at predetermined intervals from the bow side to the stern side on the ship. In order to obtain the optimum setting angle of each sail of the sailing vessel sequentially equipped as the first sail, the second sail, the third sail, etc., the angle of attack is zero at a predetermined wind direction with respect to the hull. First, find the optimal setting angle with respect to the hull centerline to obtain the maximum thrust for the first sail, while gradually turning around the vertical line at the same rotational direction and speed from the initial state. While the first sail is stopped at the optimum setting angle with respect to the hull center line, the second sail, the third sail,... Are gradually turned around the vertical line in the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed. while, against the hull center line to obtain the maximum thrust for the second sail That determine the optimum setting angle, than the third respective sail for sail after sail by sequential same procedure determine the optimum setting angle for maximum thrust, thus to thrust the respective sail in the same direction The optimal setting angle of each sail is obtained by rotating within a range where

  In addition, the optimum setting angle search method for sails of a sailing ship according to the present invention uses the model ship provided with the plurality of sails, applies wind to the model ship by a wind tunnel or the like, and sets the optimum setting angles of the sails. It is characterized by seeking.

  Furthermore, the optimum setting angle search method for sails of a sailing ship according to the present invention includes mooring an actual ship provided with the plurality of sails, and measuring the tension of the mooring lines caused by wind to thereby set the optimum settings for the sails. It is characterized by finding a corner.

  In addition, the method for searching for the optimum setting angle of the sail of a sailing ship according to the present invention is such that the ship speed is kept constant when sailing in the combined use of the sail of the actual ship provided with the plurality of sails and the main engine for propulsion. The optimum set angle of each sail is obtained from the amount of reduction in fuel consumption of the main engine when kept.

  When a plurality of sails are sequentially equipped as the first sail, the second sail, the third sail, ... at the required intervals from the bow side to the stern side on the ship, the thrust of each sail is In addition to changing depending on the relative relationship, it is also affected by the relative relationship between the sails, so that each sail around the vertical line at the same rotational direction and rotational speed from the initial state where the angle of attack was zero at the specified wind direction with respect to the hull. When the optimum setting angle for obtaining the maximum thrust is first obtained for the first sail while gradually turning, the optimum setting angle for the first sail is appropriately selected. The thrust can be measured by measuring the bending load at the base of the mast that supports the sail.

  Next, while the first sail is stopped at its optimum setting angle, the second sail, the third sail,... Are gradually turned around the vertical line in the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed. The optimum set angle for obtaining the maximum thrust for the second sail can be obtained, and the optimum set angle for each sail after the third sail can be obtained sequentially by the same procedure.

Then, the predetermined wind direction with respect to the hull is also changed, for example, by 5 degrees, and the optimum set angle of each sail in each predetermined wind direction can be systematically obtained so as to obtain the maximum thrust .

  In addition, by using a model ship having a plurality of sails, the optimum set angle of each sail can be obtained systematically for various wind directions with respect to the hull by wind tunnel experiments.

  Furthermore, when obtaining the optimum setting angle of each sail by measuring the tension of the mooring line due to wind by mooring an actual ship equipped with a plurality of sails above the quay, etc., change the mooring state of the hull. Since the predetermined wind direction with respect to the hull can be changed to various setting situations, various data can be obtained regarding the optimum setting angle of each sail.

  In addition, when the actual ship with a plurality of sails is used in combination with the main engine for propulsion, the decrease in fuel consumption of the main engine when the ship speed is kept constant is Since it corresponds to the thrust of each sail, the set angle of each sail when the amount of reduction is maximized can be easily obtained as an optimum one.

A water tank is provided in the wind tunnel, and a plurality of sails are installed in the water tank as a first sail, a second sail, a third sail, ... sequentially from the bow side to the stern side at the required intervals. A model of a sailing ship can be moored, and a predetermined wind direction with respect to the hull can be realized by adjusting a plurality of mooring lines.
Then, while gradually rotating the plurality of sails around the vertical axis at the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed from the initial state where the angle of attack is zero with respect to the predetermined wind direction, Find the optimal setting angle to obtain thrust. Note that the thrust is measured by measuring the tension of the mooring line.
Next, while the first sail is stopped at its optimum setting angle, the second sail, the third sail,... Are gradually turned around the vertical line in the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed. The optimum set angle for obtaining the maximum thrust for the second sail can be obtained, and the optimum set angle for each sail can be obtained successively in the same procedure.
Further, the predetermined wind direction with respect to the hull is sequentially changed by adjusting the plurality of mooring lines, and control to the optimum setting angle of the sail in the actual ship is performed according to various data obtained in this way.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view of a main portion in a wind tunnel showing a first embodiment of the method of the present invention, in which a water tank 2 is installed inside a wind tunnel 1 where a wind W blows as a uniform flow. The model ship 3 is floated on the surface of the water, and is anchored to the fixed member 4 by mooring lines 5, 5a, 5b.

A tension meter 6 is interposed on the mooring line 5 in the length direction of the model ship 3.
The model ship 3 includes a plurality of sails in order of the first sail 6a, the second sail 6b, the third sail 6c, and the fourth sail 6d from the bow side to the stern side on the ship, Each sail can be swung around the vertical line with the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed or stopped individually via a drive mechanism that can be controlled remotely, not shown.

Using the above-described equipment, the optimum set angles of the sails 6a to 6d are searched as follows.
First, the tensiometer 6 is turned while gradually turning around the vertical line at the same rotational direction and at the same rotational speed from the initial state where the angle of attack is zero at a predetermined wind direction of the wind W with respect to the hull. The optimum setting angle (angle with respect to the hull center line) α for obtaining the maximum thrust for the first sail 6a is obtained.

  Then, the second sail 6b, the third sail 6c,... Are gradually moved around the vertical line with the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed while the first sail 6a is stopped at the optimum setting angle α. The optimum setting angle β for obtaining the maximum thrust for the second sail 6b is obtained using the tensiometer 6 while turning, and the operation for obtaining the optimum setting angle for each sail is sequentially performed in the same procedure.

  Such search for the optimum setting angle of the sail is performed by changing the direction of the model ship 3 with respect to the wind W while sequentially changing the required angle (for example, 5 degrees) by adjusting the mooring lines 5a and 5b. Various data on the sails 6a to 6d are used for the sail control system in the actual ship.

According to the method for searching for the optimum setting angle of the sail of the sailing vessel according to the first embodiment described above, the optimum setting angle is set for each of the sails 6a to 6d in a state in which the mutual interference with the hull and the mutual interference between the sails are added. It is possible to search, and the search operation can be performed efficiently and in a short time.
In this Example 1, the model ship is floated on the surface of the aquarium installed in the wind tunnel, but the model ship having only the shape above the water line is placed on the turntable in the wind tunnel, A plurality of sails may be erected on the model ship so as to be able to turn around a vertical line, and a load cell may be interposed between the turntable and the model ship. Even in such a configuration, the optimum setting of each sail considering mutual interference between the sails and the hull and mutual interference while changing the direction of the wind relative to the model ship by adjusting the rotation of the turntable. You can search for corners.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a mooring state of the actual ship 11 to the quay 12 in the second embodiment of the method of the present invention. Also in the case of the second embodiment, among the mooring lines 13 to 15 mooring the actual ship 11 as a sailing ship, a tension gauge 16 is interposed in the mooring line 15 in the captain direction.

  On the actual ship 11, a plurality of sails are provided in order of the first sail 16a, the second sail 16b, the third sail 16c, and the fourth sail 16d from the bow side to the stern side at a required interval. Each sail can be turned around the vertical line in the same rotational direction and at the same rotational speed or can be stopped individually via a remote controllable drive mechanism (not shown).

  With such a configuration, the search for the optimum setting angle of the sail of the sailing ship according to the second embodiment is performed by using the tension of the mooring line 15 in the length direction by the thrust generated by each sail 16a to 16d in response to the wind W. This is done by measuring with a total of 16.

  First, the tensiometer 16 is gradually swung around the vertical line at the same rotational direction and at the same rotational speed from the initial state where the angle of attack is zero in the predetermined wind direction of the wind W with respect to the hull. The optimum setting angle (angle with respect to the hull center line) α for obtaining the maximum thrust for the first sail 16a is obtained.

  Subsequently, the second sail 16b, the third sail 16c,... Are gradually moved around the vertical line at the same rotational direction and at the same rotational speed while the first sail 16a is stopped at the optimum setting angle α. The optimum setting angle β for obtaining the maximum thrust for the second sail 16b is obtained using the tension meter 16 while turning, and the optimum setting angles γ and δ for each sail are sequentially obtained in the same procedure. Done.

  The search for the optimum set angles α to δ of the sails 16a to 16d is performed by sequentially changing the direction of the actual ship 11 with respect to the wind W by a necessary angle (for example, 5 degrees) by adjusting the mooring lines 13 to 15; Various data about the sails 16a to 16d obtained in this way are used for the sail control system in the actual ship 11.

  As described above, in the case of the optimum setting angle search method for sails of a sailing ship in the second embodiment as well, the optimum settings are made for each of the sails 16a to 16d in a state where the mutual interference with the hull and the mutual interference between the sails are added. It becomes possible to search for a corner, and the search operation can be performed efficiently and in a short time.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the hull showing the running state of the actual ship 21 in Embodiment 3 of the method of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of the hull.
In this embodiment, an actual ship 21 having a propulsion main engine E that drives a screw propeller S is provided with a first sail 26a, a second sail 26b, and a third sail at predetermined intervals from the bow side to the stern side. 26c and the fourth sail 26d are erected, and these sails 26a to 26d are simultaneously swiveled around the vertical line with the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed via a remote controllable drive mechanism (not shown). It is configured so that it can be stopped individually.

  When the sails 26a to 26d and the main engine E for propulsion are used in combination, the fuel consumption meter 27 measures the decrease in the fuel consumption of the main engine E when the boat speed is kept constant. The amount of decrease is due to the sails 26a to 26d generating thrust in response to the wind W relative to the actual ship 21 in the sailing state, and thus the sails 26a to 26d. The optimum set angles α, β, γ, and δ are determined as follows.

  That is, in the running state of the actual ship 21, from the initial state in which each of the sails 26a to 26d has an angle of attack of zero relative to the wind direction of the wind W relative to the hull, all around the vertical line with the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed. The operation of gradually turning is performed. Then, by the measurement of the fuel consumption meter 27, first, an optimum set angle (angle α with respect to the hull center line) for obtaining the maximum thrust for the first sail 26a is obtained.

  Then, the second sail 26b, the third sail 26c,... Are gradually moved around the vertical line with the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed while the first sail 26a is stopped at the optimum setting angle α. The optimal setting angle β for obtaining the maximum thrust for the second sail 26b is obtained by using the fuel consumption meter 27 while turning to the optimal setting angle γ, δ of the sails 26c, 26d in the same order. The operation for obtaining is performed.

FIG. 5 shows the optimum setting angle of the sail obtained by the present invention, in which the horizontal axis indicates the relative wind W direction considering the forward speed of the ship, and the vertical axis indicates the total propulsion force by a plurality of sails. It is the graph which calculated | required the effect in the case of using by experiment. That is, the performance curve A in the case of using the optimum setting angle obtained by the present invention in consideration of mutual interference between sails for each sail on the ship is the case in which the optimum setting angle obtained for each sail is used. It is clear that it is superior to the performance curve B.
In FIG. 5, the origin 0 indicates the headwind state with respect to the hull, and the point P on the horizontal axis indicates the tailwind state with respect to the hull.

  FIG. 6 shows a control system for applying the optimum setting angle of the sail searched by the method of the present invention in a sailing actual ship. That is, the data on the optimal setting angle for various relative wind directions obtained in advance by the method of the present invention for the first sail 36a and the second sail 36b is input to the controller 30 on the ship from the data input device 35. In accordance with the measured values input from the anemometer 31, the anemometer 32, and the ship anemometer 33 to the controller 30 every moment, the sail turning mechanisms 34a, 34b, the main engine 37, and the steering are controlled from the controller 30. A control signal for maintaining a desired boat speed is sent to the system 38.

When planning a sailing ship equipped with a main engine for propulsion, effective use of the sail is a prerequisite. Therefore, the optimum setting angle of each sail is determined according to the present invention for various relative wind directions with respect to the hull. This is very important. Thus, if the fuel consumption of the main engine is reduced due to the effective use of sail, the CO ₂ emission will be reduced, which can contribute to the reduction of environmental load.

It is a top view of the principal part in a wind tunnel which shows Example 1 of the method of this invention. It is a top view of the mooring state to the quay of the actual sailing ship which shows Example 2 of the method of this invention. It is a side view which shows the sailing actual ship which shows Example 3 of the method of this invention. It is a top view of the actual sailing ship of FIG. It is a graph which shows the effect at the time of using the optimal setting angle of the sail obtained by the method of this invention compared with the conventional case. It is a block diagram which shows the control system in the case of controlling sail using the optimal setting angle | corner of the sail obtained by the method of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wind tunnel 2 Water tank 3 Model ship 4 Fixed member 5 Mooring direction mooring line 5a, 5b Mooring line 6 Tension meter 6a 1st sail 6b 2nd sail 6c 3rd sail 6d 4th sail
11 Actual ship
12 Quay
13, 14 Mooring line
15 Captain mooring line
16 Tension meter
16a First sail
16b Second sail
16c The third sail
16d Fourth sail
21 Actual ship
26a First sail
26b Second sail
26c The third sail
26d 4th sail
27 Fuel consumption meter
30 controller
31 Anemometer
32 Anemometer
33 Speedometer
34a, 34b Sail turning mechanism
35 Data input device
36a First sail
36b Second sail
37 Main engine
38 Steering system E Propulsion main engine S Screw propeller W Wind

Claims (4)

The optimum setting angle of each sail of a sailing vessel equipped with a plurality of sails as a first sail, a second sail, a third sail,... In order from the bow side to the stern side on the ship. When determining, the first sail, the second sail, the third sail,... Are vertically aligned at the same rotational direction and speed from the initial state where the angle of attack is zero at a predetermined wind direction with respect to the hull. While gradually turning around the line, first determine the optimum setting angle for the hull centerline to obtain the maximum thrust for the first sail, then stop the first sail at the optimum setting angle for the hull centerline. as-second sail, third sail, while gradually turning around the vertical line still in the same rotational direction and the same rotational speed.., hull center for maximum thrust for the second sail determine the optimum setting angle for the line, the sequential same procedure the following Ri determine the optimum setting angle for each sail obtain the maximum thrust for the third sail after sail, in this way the respective sail is rotated within a range that the thrust in the same direction is obtained by the sail An optimum setting angle search method for sails of a sailing ship, characterized in that an optimum setting angle is obtained.   2. The sailboat according to claim 1, wherein the optimum setting angle of each sail is obtained by applying wind to the model ship by a wind tunnel or the like using the model ship having the plurality of sails. Search method for optimum setting angle of sail.   The sailing vessel according to claim 1, wherein the optimum set angle of each sail is obtained by mooring an actual ship having the plurality of sails and measuring the tension of the mooring line caused by wind. To find the optimal angle of the sail.   When sailing in the combined use of an actual ship with a plurality of sails and a main engine for propulsion, the amount of fuel consumption of the main engine when the ship speed is kept constant is maintained. 2. The optimum set angle search method for sail of a sailboat according to claim 1, wherein the optimum set angle is obtained.

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