JP4017741B2 - Cross-linked polymer composite electrolyte and battery - Google Patents
Cross-linked polymer composite electrolyte and battery Download PDFInfo
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- JP4017741B2 JP4017741B2 JP12753398A JP12753398A JP4017741B2 JP 4017741 B2 JP4017741 B2 JP 4017741B2 JP 12753398 A JP12753398 A JP 12753398A JP 12753398 A JP12753398 A JP 12753398A JP 4017741 B2 JP4017741 B2 JP 4017741B2
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- electrolyte
- weight
- composite electrolyte
- polymer
- crosslinked
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高分子固体電解質、およびこれをイオン移動媒体として用いてなる電池に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
固体電解質をイオン移動媒体として用いた固体電池は、従来の電解液をイオン移動媒体とした電池に比べ、液漏れがないため電池の信頼性、安全性が向上するとともに、薄膜化や積層体形成の容易さ、電池形態の自由度が高いこと、パッケージの簡略化、軽量化が期待されている。この固体電解質材料として、これまでにイオン伝導性のセラミック材料およびポリマー材料が提案されている。このうち前者のセラミック系材料はもろい性質を有し、加工性に乏しく電極との積層体形成が難しい。一方、イオン伝導性ポリマー材料は加工性、柔軟性に優れるため固体電解質材料として電極との接合体形成、電極のイオン授受に伴う電極体積変化に追随した界面保持ができ、固体電解質材料として好ましい。
【0003】
このポリマー固体電解質として、Wrightによりポリエチレンオキシドのアルカリ金属塩複合体の報告(British Polymer Journal、7巻、319ページ(1975年)以来、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシドなどのポリアルキレンエーテル系材料を中心とする材料、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリフォスファゼン、ポリシロキサンなどの材料を骨格とした固体電解質材料が活発に研究されている。例えば、ポリマ−マトリックス材料として代表的なポリエチレンオキシド系ポリマ−を用いた高分子固体電解質に、絶縁性無機固体を含有させてリチウムイオンの輸率を向上させることが提案されている(特開平5−314995号公報)。アクリロニトリル共重合体をポリマ−マトリックスとした高分子固体電解質に電気絶縁性無機固体を含有させて、寸法安定性を向上させことが提案されている(特開平7−82450号公報)。
【0004】
さらに、マトリックスポリマーにフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂を用いた高分子固体電解質材料も提案されている(例えば米国特許第5296318号明細書)。この高分子固体電解質材料にシリカ粒子またはアルミナ粒子を混合し、電解質の保持性や機械的強度を改良することも提案されている(米国特許第5418091号明細書)。この電解質材料は、高いイオン伝導度と高い電気化学的安定性を合わせ持つ点では好ましいが、該電解質材料作製に、マトリックスポリマーとして、ポリフッ化ビニリデン系のリニアポリマーを用いていることから、85℃から95℃の温度で融解し流動性を示し、電池に用いるには好ましくない。
【0005】
ところで、通常のリニアポリマーをマトリックスに用い電解質および/または可塑剤を固溶させて構成した高分子固体電解質は、リニアポリマーの融点よりかなり低い温度において可塑化するため流動性を示し、外部圧力により容易に変形するため、電池の構造変化を起こす。当然、固体電解質が高温にさらされた場合に構造変化を起こすため高温安定性にも劣る。
【0006】
そこで、前記フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂に、可塑剤とともに架橋性のビニルモノマーとしてアクリレートエステル、ジまたはトリアリルエステル、ジまたはトリグリシジルエステルを共存させ、これら重合性モノマーを架橋させた材料を作製した後、これに電解液を含浸させた高分子固体電解質が提案されている(米国特許第5429891号明細書)。ところが、グリシジルエステル系モノマーを用いて作製した高分子固体電解質中のポリマーの架橋は充分でない。また、ビニル系重合性モノマーは、架橋処理後の該モノマーの残存により充放電過程において副反応を生起するが、この残存モノマーを完全に除去することは難しい。さらに、ポリマー可塑剤としてジブチルフタレートやトリブトキシエチルホスフェートを用いた場合は、モノマー重合時に架橋反応条件によっては副反応を起こすことがあるばかりでなく、可塑剤の混合および抽出工程が煩雑であるとともに、抽出が不完全な場合、残存する可塑剤による充放電時電極表面での副反応が起こり電池性能を低下させる等の問題があった。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、高いイオン伝導度と、広い電位範囲の電気化学的安定性を有する高分子固体電解質であって、且つ高温でメルトフロ−しない熱安定性や機械的強度を兼ね備えた高分子固体電解質を提供することを目的とする。さらにこの電解質を用いて、高密度に充填された高容量の電池を提供することも本発明の目的である。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂を利用した高分子固体電解質の研究を進め、本発明に至った。
即ち本発明は、
(1)架橋したポリフッ化ビニリデンまたはフッ化ビニリデン系共重合体と、未架橋のポリフッ化ビニリデンまたはフッ化ビニリデン系共重合体を含むハイブリッド電解質に無機フィラーが含有されてなる架橋高分子複合電解質を介して電極が接合してなる電池であって、該架橋高分子複合電解質がポリマー成分を4〜75重量%、電解液を4〜86重量%、無機フィラーを20〜75重量%含み、且つ架橋したポリフッ化ビニリデンまたはフッ化ビニリデン系共重合体の上記ポリマー成分に占める重量比[架橋体重量/(架橋体+未架橋体の重量)]が0.2〜0.9であり、該架橋高分子複合電解質内部に無機フィラーが層状に高密度で分布した構造を有することを特徴とする電池、
(2)無機フィラーが電極近傍に局在化した構造を有することを特徴とする(1)記載の電池、
(3)無機フィラーを樹脂バインダーとともに混合して成形した成形体と、架橋ポリマー成形体とを積層化して一体化させることにより架橋高分子複合電解質とすることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)記載の電池の製造方法、
(4)予め電極表面に高密度で無機フィラーを含有する樹脂バインダー層を形成させた後、無機フィラーを含有しない架橋ポリマー成形体と積層して架橋高分子複合電解質とすることを特徴とする(3)記載の電池の製造方法、
である。
【0009】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明の架橋高分子複合電解質(以下、複合電解質という。)は、架橋されたポリフッ化ビニリデンまたはフッ化ビニリデン系共重合体(架橋体)と、未架橋のポリフッ化ビニリデンまたはフッ化ビニリデン共重合体(未架橋体)をポリマ−マトリックスとして含むことが必要である。
【0010】
この架橋されたポリフッ化ビニリデンまたはフッ化ビニリデン系共重合体の含有割合は、マトリックスを形成するポリマー全重量に対して〔架橋体重量/(架橋体+未架橋体の重量)〕0.2〜0.9の範囲であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.25〜0.8である。この割合が0.2未満の場合、高温において電解質は熱安定性に乏しく、流動性を伴うことから、電池に用いた場合に電極間短絡を起こす恐れがあり好ましくない。また0.9を越える場合は、電解質材料を電極と積層して電池を作製する際に電極との密着性が不良となりやすく好ましくない。
【0011】
また、架橋体と未架橋体を合わせた全ポリマ−成分の複合電解質に占める重量割合として、4重量%以上75重量%以下であることが好ましく、5重量%以上70重量%以下であることがより好ましい。この値が4重量%未満の場合は、複合電解質のフレキシブル性に劣り、電池に加工する際の加工性の点で好ましくない。また、ポリマ−成分の重量割合が75重量%を越える場合は、イオン伝導性が低くなり、電池を形成した場合に高い電流密度が利用できなくなる。
【0012】
この架橋体形成はリニアポリマー可溶性有機溶剤への溶解性により確認することができる。つまり、架橋体が形成されたフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂は可溶性有機溶剤に溶解しない成分を有し、均一溶解しないことから架橋体形成を判別することができる。この可溶性溶剤はポリマー種類により異なるため限定されないが、ポリ(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン−ビニリデンフロライド)共重合体の場合、N−メチルピロリドン、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、アセトン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルアセトアミドなどの溶剤で判別することができる。
【0013】
本発明の複合電解質おける、この架橋体の含有割合の測定は、含有される可塑剤や塩をあらかじめメタノ−ル、エタノ−ルなどのアルコ−ルで抽出した後、前記の方法で求めることができる。また、複合電解質に含有される無機フィラー量は、可塑剤と塩を除き、未架橋成分を抽出した後、酸素雰囲気中で加熱して架橋ポリマー成分を熱分解した残渣の重量として求めることができる。この方法として、熱重量分析法により白金坩堝に所定量の試料を挿入し、酸素フロー条件下で5℃/分の速度で700℃に加熱し、700℃で1時間保持した後の重量を無機フィラー重量として求めることができる。
【0014】
本発明の架橋したフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂について説明する。
本発明に用いる未架橋のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂として、例えば、ポリ(ビニリデンフロライド)、ポリ(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン−ビニリデンフロライド)共重合体、ポリ(パーフルオロビニルエーテル−ビニリデンフロライド)共重合体、ポリ(テトラフルオロエチレン−ビニリデンフロライド)共重合体、ポリ(ヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキシド−ビニリデンフロライド)共重合体、ポリ(ヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキシド−テトラフルオロエチレン−ビニリデンフロライド)共重合体、ポリ(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン−テトラフルオロエチレン−ビニリデンフロライド)共重合体、ポリ(フルオロエチレン−ビニリデンフロライド)共重合体などの単独体またはこれらの成分の混合体を挙げることができるがこれに限定されるものでない。
【0015】
上記未架橋のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂は通常リニア構造を有し、この樹脂を架橋することにより、本発明のマトリックスポリマーを作製する。この架橋方法として、例えば、電子線、ガンマ線、X線、紫外線、赤外線などの輻射エネルギー照射方法、ラジカル開始剤を含有させて反応架橋させる方法、アルカリ処理(脱HF処理)後反応性基を反応架橋させる方法、などを挙げることができる。電子線照射方法を用いる場合の架橋条件として、この照射量が充分でない場合架橋効果は充分でなく、照射量が多すぎる場合ポリマー構造が崩壊するため好ましくない。この照射量は1Mrad以上100Mrad以下であることが好ましく、2Mrad以上50Mrad以下であることがより好ましい。
【0016】
本発明の複合電解質は上記のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂を含有し、このフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の一部が架橋された構造を持つことが特徴である。本発明でいう架橋された構造は上記ポリマー分子間によるものであり、架橋性モノマー単位を含まないものである。架橋性モノマーをフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中に共存させて重合架橋する場合、残存する架橋性モノマーの存在により電気化学的副反応を生起し、これによって電池性能低下を招くことになる。この残存モノマーを除去することは可能であるが固体電解質製造工程が煩雑である。また、架橋性モノマー単位によっては、該架橋性モノマー単位を含有する固体電解質が電気化学的副反応や微量の水分によっても加水分解を起こす等の問題が生じることがある。
【0017】
本発明の複合電解質は、全体重量に対して10重量%以上85重量%以下の無機フィラ−を含有することが必要である。この無機フィラ−含有によってさらに機械的強度が高められ、電池製造工程において電極/電解質膜/電極積層体を切断加工する際の電極間短絡を低減することができる。この無機フィラ−が10重量%未満の場合、強度向上の効果が顕著でなく、また85重量%を越える場合は堅くなりやすく、加工性が悪くなり好ましくない、より好ましくは20重量%以上75重量%以下である。
【0018】
この無機フィラ−として、例えば、アルミナ、シリカ、ムライト、マイカ、マグネシア、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化マグネシウム、窒化ケイ素、酸化セリウム、酸化鉄、酸化チタン、アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属チタン酸複合酸化物、ダイアモンド、酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、リチウムを含む複合硫化物などが挙げられる。該無機フィラ−としては電子伝導性でないことが必要である。イオン伝導性を有する無機フィラーは、電解質膜としてイオンの透過性が高められることから好ましいが、イオン伝導性を有する無機フィラーの多くは吸湿性が高く、取扱雰囲気管理が難しく、工業的には使用することが難しい。この無機フィラ−の形状としては、球状、角状、針状、板状などが挙げられる。また、無機フィラーとしては微細粒径の材料が好ましく、10μm以下0.01μm以上が好ましく、5μm以下0.05μm以上がより好ましい。
【0019】
また、本発明の複合電解質において、無機フィラ−が高密度に層状に分布した構造を有することが好ましい。この複合電解質を電池に用いる場合、たとえば電極と電解質膜の積層体形成時や、加工時に電極間短絡が抑制できる。この無機フィラ−が高密度に存在する領域は、複合電解質の表面部分、内部のいずれも可能である。また、無機フィラーが均一に高密度分散している複合電解質では、短絡抑制効果は高いが、複合電解質としてのイオン伝導度は低くなる。従って、無機フィラ−が層状に分布していることが、電極間短絡抑制と高いイオン伝導度を両立するために好ましい。
【0020】
無機フィラ−の複合電解質への導入方法として、複合電解質成形体作製時やこの前駆体のポリマ−成形体作製時に混合して成形する方法、無機フィラ−を樹脂バインダ−とともに混合して成形した成形体と、架橋ポリマー成形体と積層して一体化させる方法などが挙げられる。この後者の場合、無機フィラ−を含有させた成形体には無機フィラ−が高密度に含有されるため、一体化され形成された複合電解質においては、無機フィラ−が不均一に分散されて存在する。この方法の一例として、予め電極表面に高密度で無機フィラ−を含有する樹脂バインダ−層を形成させた後、無機フィラ−を含有しない架橋ポリマー成形体と積層して電極近傍に無機フィラ−が局在化した構造が形成できる。無機フィラ−を電極近傍に局在化させることによって、電極近傍に局所的に圧縮強度が高い領域が形成できるため、たとえば電池を高温に保持した場合や、電池製造工程において電極間の短絡が抑止できることから好ましい態様である。
【0021】
また、本発明の複合電解質の形状として、シート状、粒子状、線状、フィラメント、ステープルなどの繊維状、織布状、不織布状などいずれも使用可能であり、利用する目的形態に合わせて成形体を作製すればよい。この成形体加工方法として、上記の架橋構造形成に先だって成形した後に架橋させる方法、架橋構造形成後にこの架橋構造を有するポリマーを所望形状に成形する方法いずれも使用可能である。
【0022】
本発明の複合電解質を電池の電極間のイオン移動媒体保持材料として用いる場合、該複合電解質はシート状、織布状、不織布状であることが好ましい。また電池に用いられる電極が粒子状活物質を塗工して作製する場合の活物質バインダーとして、本発明の複合電解質を用いることも可能であり、この場合、粒子状、フィラメント状、ステープル状であることが好ましい。
【0023】
本発明の複合電解質においてポリマ−マトリックスを形成する、架橋体および未架橋体のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の構造として、バルク構造、中空構造、多孔質構造いずれも使用可能である。このバルク構造以外の例として、独立泡構造を含有する発泡材料、貫通孔構造を含有する多孔質材料、または独立泡構造、貫通孔構造の複合材料等が挙げられる。
【0024】
本発明の複合電解質の作製方法として、架橋構造を有するフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂成形体に電解液(電解質、可塑剤)を含浸させる方法や、予め架橋構造を含むフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂と電解液(電解質、可塑剤)を混合した後、該混合物を成形加工する方法などが挙げられる。また含浸される材料がポリマー部分と空孔部から構成されている場合、例えば独立泡構造を含有する発泡材料、貫通孔構造を含有する多孔質材料、または独立泡構造、貫通孔構造の複合材料等の場合、空孔部に電解液が充填されるとともにポリマー部分に電解液が膨潤されることにより高いイオン伝導度をもたらし好ましい。通常の電池のセパレータに用いられている材料、例えばポリオレフィン多孔膜は電解液で膨潤されない状態で用いられることから、このセパレータの骨格部分はイオン伝導に寄与せず、全体として低いイオン伝導度しか与えない。電解質においてポリマーマトリックスに電解液が含浸膨潤することができれば、ポリマーマトリックス全体がイオン伝導に寄与でき、高いイオン伝導度をもたらすため好ましい。
【0025】
本発明の複合電解質における電解液含量は、イオン移動を可能とする範囲であるが、該複合電解質の全重量に対して4重量%以上86重量%以下であることが高いイオン伝導性と機械的強度を兼ね備えることになるため好ましく、より好ましくは5重量%以上85重量%以下である。この値が4%未満ではイオン電導性が充分でなく、86重量%を越える場合複合電解質として流動性を示しやすいため好ましくない。本発明の複合電解質としてのイオン伝導度は10-6S/cm以上であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは10-5S/cm以上、最も好ましくは10-3S/cm以上10-2S/cm以下である。非水系電解質系ではイオン伝導度は最大10-2S/cmである。
【0026】
また、本発明の複合電解質に含まれる電解質量が多いほどイオン移動できるキャリアーイオン濃度が高められ、イオン伝導度が高い材料となることから好ましいが、極めて電解質含量の多い複合電解質中ではイオン解離が抑制され、却ってイオン伝導度が低下してしまう。さらに電解質は単体では通常もろい性質を有し、電解質含量が極めて高い状態では力学的強度が低下してしまうため、イオン移動媒体として電池に利用する場合、成形性、加工性、構造安定性を損なうことがある。従って、本発明の複合電解質における電解質含量範囲として、該複合電解質全重量に対して1重量%から50重量%の範囲であることが好ましく、より好ましくは2重量%から40重量%の範囲、特に好ましくは3重量%から30重量%の範囲である。
【0027】
本発明で用いる上記の電解質として、有機酸、有機塩、無機酸、無機塩のいずれも使用可能である。この具体例としてテトラフルオロホウ酸、過塩素酸、硫酸、リン酸、フッ化水素酸、塩酸などの無機酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、トリフツオロプロピルスルホン酸、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド酸、酢酸、チルフルオロ酢酸、プロピオン酸などの有機酸、およびこれら有機酸、無機酸の金属塩が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いることもできるし、複数の電解質を混合して用いることもできる。さらにパーフルオロスルホン酸系ポリマーやパーフルオロカルボン酸系ポリマーあるいはこれらの金属塩も本発明の電解質として使用できる。これら電解質のカチオンとしてプロトン、アルカリ金属カチオン、アルカリ土類金属カチオン、遷移金属カチオン、希土類金属カチオンなどから選ばれるカチオンを一種類で、また複数混合して使用することができる。
【0028】
このカチオン種は、使用する用途によって異なるため限定されない。例えば、本発明の複合電解質をリチウム電池に使用する場合は、添加する電解質としてリチウム塩を使用することが好ましい。特にリチウム二次電池に利用する場合、充放電を繰り返し行う必要から、電解質に電気化学的安定性に富むリチウム塩を選ぶことが好ましく、この例として、CF3 SO3 Li、C4 F9 SO3 Li、(CF3 SO2 )2 NLi、LiBF4 、LiPF6 、LiClO4 、LiAsF6 等を挙げることができる。
【0029】
また、上記電解質のイオン解離促進、電解質の含浸性を高める、複合電解質の加工性向上などの目的で可塑剤を含有させることができる。この可塑剤含量は、複合電解質の力学的強度、イオン伝導度などを勘案して決められるが、本発明の複合電解質では従来知られたフッ化ビニリデン系高分子固体電解質に比較して高い可塑剤含量においても力学的強度を損なわない特徴を有する。
【0030】
この可塑剤の例として、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ビチレンカーボネートなどの環状カーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネートなどの鎖状カーボネート、テトラヒドロフラン、メチルテトラヒドロフランなどのエーテル、γ−ブチルラクトン、プロピオラクトン、酢酸メチルなどのエステル、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリルなどのニトリル化合物、炭化水素などの有機低分子化合物、シリコンオイル、オリゴエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシドなどの脂肪族エータル化合物、ポリアクリロニトリル、脂肪族ポリエステル、脂肪族ポリカーボネートなどの極性基含有高分子有機化合物を挙げることができる。
【0031】
次に本発明の複合電解質を介して電極を接合して得られる電池について説明する。本発明の電池は、上記の複合電解質を介して、正極および負極が接合した構造を有するものである。
たとえば電池がリチウム電池の場合、電極の正極および負極にリチウムイオン吸蔵放出可能な物質を用いる。この正極物質として、負極に対して高い電位を有する材料、この例としては、Li1-x CoO2 、Ln1-x NiO2 、Li1-x Mn2 O4 、Li1-x MO2 (0<x<1)、MはCo、Ni、Mn、Feの混合体を表す。)、Li2-y Mn2 O4 (0<y<2)、結晶性Li1-x V2 O5 、アモルファス状Li2-y V2 O5 (0<y<2)、Li1.2-x'Nb2 O5 (0<x’<1.2)などの酸化物、Li1-x TiS2 、Li1-x MoS2 、Li3-z NbSe3 (0<z<3)などの金属カルコゲナイド、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、ポリアニリン、ポリアセン誘導体、ポリアセチレン、ポリチエニレンビニレン、ポリアリレンビニレン、ジチオール誘導体、ジスルフィド誘導体などの有機化合物を挙げることができる。
【0032】
また負極として、上記正極に対して低い電位を有する材料を用いる。この例として、金属リチウム、アルミ・リチウム合金、マグネシウム・アルミ・リチウム合金などの金属リチウム、AlSb、Mg2 Ge、NiSi2 などの金属間化合物、グラファイト、コークス、低温焼成高分子などの炭素系材料、SnM系酸化物(MはSi,Ge,Pbを表す。)、Si1-y M’yOz(M’はW,Sn,Pb,Bなどを表す。)の複合酸化物、酸化チタン、酸化鉄などの金属酸化物のリチウム固溶体、Li7 MnN4 、Li3 FeN2 、Li3-x Cox N、Li3-x NiN、Li3-x Cux N、Li3 BN2 、Li3 AlN2 、Li3 SiN3 の窒化物などのセラミックス等が挙げられる。ただし、リチウムイオンを負極で還元して金属リチウムとして利用する場合は、導電性を有する材料であればよいので、上記に限定されない。
【0033】
本発明の電池に用いる正極および負極は、上記の材料を所定の形状に成形加工して用いられ、形態としては連続体または粉末材料のバインダー分散体のいずれも使用可能である。前者の連続体の成形方法として、電解析出、電解溶解、蒸着、スパッタリング、CVD、溶融加工、焼結、圧縮などが用いられる。また、後者の場合は粉末状の電極物質をバインダーとともに混合して成形する。このバインダー材料として、ポリビニリデンフロライド、ポリ(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン−ビニリデンフロライド)共重合体などポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、などのフッ素系ポリマー、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレン−アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン共重合体などの炭化水素系ポリマー、ポリマー前駆体、金属などが用いられ、本発明の架橋構造を有するポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂をバインダーに用いることもできる。また、正極または負極から構成される電極に電気抵抗の低い材料で集電体を設けることもできる。
また、本発明の電池は、電解液を含浸するまえの複合電解質前駆体を用いて、正極/複合電解質前駆体/負極の構造体を作製した後に、本発明の構成要素である電解液を含浸や拡散などの方法で導入することで作製することもできる。
【0034】
電池の形態は、リチウム電池の場合、正極と負極が複合電解質を介して接合した構造を有する。例えば、シート状の正極、複合電解質およびシート状の負極を順次積層した正極/複合電解質/負極を単位としてシート状やロール状、折り畳み状構造とすることができる。また、電池単位の電極同士を並列または/および直列に接続した組電池とすることも可能である。特に、複合電解質電池の場合、直列接続構造が簡便であるので直列接続積層数により電圧を増加させることもできる。また、必要があれば電池電極に電流取り出し、注入のための外部端子接続部分、電流電圧制御素子、発熱時に電極接続を阻止する機能素子、電極単位・積層体の防湿防止、構造保護などの保護層を設けたり、ポリマーパッケージ化することもできる。
また、本発明の複合電解質は、リチウム電池に限らずアルカリ電池、鉛電池、ニッケル水素電池、燃料電池などの各種電池、キャパシター、電気化学センサー、エレクトロクロミックデイスプレー素子などのイオン移動媒体として応用することも可能であり、工業的価値が高い製品を提供できるため好ましいものとなる。
【0035】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
<複合電解質の成分分析>
複合電解質の構成成分である無機フィラー、未架橋ポリフッ化ビニリデンまたはフッ化ビニリデン系共重合体(PVdFポリマー)、電解液、架橋PVdFポリマーの重量は以下の方法で求めた。電極と複合電解質が一体化している場合は、電極集電体および活物質層を剥離して複合電解質層を取り出した後、各成分の重量を求めた。
・電解液重量:複合電解質を100倍量のメタノールに24時間浸漬して電解液を抽出・乾燥後の重量を求め、処理前の重量との差を電解液量とした。
・未架橋ポリマー重量:メタノール抽出・乾燥した、上記の複合電解質をN−メチルピロリドンで12時間リフラックス抽出、メタノール洗浄乾燥後の重量を架橋ポリマーおよび無機フィラーの重量として求め、N−メチルピロリドン抽出前の重量との差を未架橋ポリマー重量とした。
・架橋ポリマー重量および無機フィラー重量:上記の架橋ポリマーおよび無機フィラー成分を所定量計算し、酸素ガスフロー下の熱重量分析法(セイコー電子工業(株)製、TG−DTA200)により昇温速度5℃/分で700℃まで昇温し、700℃で1時間保持した後の重量を無機フィラーの重量とし、重量減少量を架橋ポリマー重量として求めた。
【0036】
【実施例1】
LiCoO2電極(平均粒径5μmのLiCoO2 を100重量部、バインダーにポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)3重量部およびアセチレンブラック3重量部をN−メチルピロリドンに分散して、厚み15μmアルミ集電体上に塗工、加熱プレスした膜厚110μm片面塗工シ−ト)の幅100mmの長尺シ−トを正極として幅110mm、長さ240mmに切断後、幅方向に端から10mm幅で電極活物質層を剥離してアルミ集電体を露出させた(電極活物質層の幅100mmである。)。負極としてグラファイト長尺シート(平均粒径10μmのグラファイト(大阪ガス(株)製 MCMB)100重量部にスチレン−ブタジエンラテックスの水分散スラリ−を固形分換算で2重量部およびカルボキシメチルセルロ−スの水溶液を固形分換算で0.8重量部の割合で加え、水に均一分散したスラリ−を厚み12μmの銅集電体上に塗布、加熱プレスして膜厚85μm片面塗工シ−ト、幅110mmの長尺シ−ト)表面に、粒径0.5μmのアルミナに5重量%のPVdF溶液(N−メチルピロリドン溶媒)を混合してスラリ−を形成後、塗布乾燥してアルミナ塗膜(膜厚10μm、固形分中のアルミナ重量分率94%、空孔率20%)を形成した後幅110mm、長さ240mmで切断し、幅方向に端から幅10mmで活物質層を剥離して銅集電体を露出させた(活物質層幅100mmである。)。
【0037】
ポリフッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン含量3重量%、エルフアトケム社製カイナ−ル2850)のバルクシ−ト(膜厚80μm)に電子線照射(照射量10Mrad)を行い架橋処理した後、フロン(HFC−134a)を7重量部含浸、加熱延伸処理して得られた発泡体シート(発泡倍率4倍、膜厚80μm)に電解液としてエチレンカ−ボネ−ト、γ−ブチルラクトンを体積比1:1で混合したLiBF4の1.5モル/リットル溶液を含浸させた固体電解質膜(電解液含量75重量%、平均膜厚85μm、幅105mmの長尺シ−ト)を長さ250mmで切断して短冊状とした後、電極の表面に上記の電解液をロ−ルコ−タ−で塗布した(正極と負極表面に正極30g/m2 、負極40g/m2 として上記電解液を塗布)後、正極、固体電解質膜、負極の順に活物質層が固体電解質膜を介して接合するように積層した。その際に正極活物質層が負極活物質層からはみださないように対向し、アルミ集電体がはみ出す側と反対側に銅集電体がはみ出す構成で積層し、加熱ロ−ルのラミネ−タ(ロ−ル温度130℃、ロ−ル速度600mm/min)で積層一体化することができた。電極積層体をNTカッタ−で切断して、幅30mm、長さ120mmの8枚の電極積層体を作製し、8枚の電極積層体はアルミおよび銅の集電体のはみ出し部分がそれぞれ片側に集まる構造で重ね合わせ、集電体の重なる中央部(アルミ、銅とも)に3mm角で超音波溶接して電極積層体を束ねた。次いで、この超音波溶接部分に幅10mm、長さ30mmの銅およびアルミシ−ト(厚さ30μm)を電極端子として超音波溶接固定(溶接部は3mm角)した。
【0038】
ポリマ−シ−ト(ポリイミド25μm、金属アルミニウムシ−ト20μm、ポリフェニレンスルフィド12μm、ポリプロピレン50μmを順次積層したシ−ト)を袋状に加工したパッケ−ジ(幅40mmの筒状、長さ130mmの側面を幅3mmで融着)に、上記電極積層体を装入して電極端子を外部にはみ出させて、真空引きを行いながら開口部分を加熱シ−ルして電池を作製した。
【0039】
電極端子を充放電機に接続して充放電試験(230mA定電流、4.2V定電位充電、230mA定電流放電をおこなった結果、同様の操作により4個作製した電池はいずれも正常に作動し、初回放電量は平均732mAh、平均電圧3.7V(平均容量2.7Wh)であり繰り返し充放電が可能であった。複合電解質部分(アルミナ層と固体電解質膜を合わせた領域)の組成分析の結果、複合電解質中に含まれる電解液重量は57重量%、アルミナが28重量%、PVdF系ポリマーが15重量%、架橋ポリマー成分は全ポリマー重量の54%であった。
【0040】
【参考例】
(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン−フッ化ビニリデン)共重合体(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン含量5重量%)に、平均粒径1μmのアルミナ粉末を混練し加熱押しだし成形によって、膜厚75μmのシート(成形体のアルミナ重量50%)に成形した。該成形体に照射量30Mradで電子線照射を行った後60℃で真空乾燥して生成したHFガスを除去した。このシ−トを実施例1と同様にしてフロンを含浸させ加熱発泡して発泡体(発泡倍率4倍、膜厚60μm)を作製した。
【0041】
電子線照射後のアルミナを含有する発泡体シートをリチウムテトラフルオロボレート(LiBF4 )のエチレンカーボネート(EC)/γ−ブチルラクトン(γ−BL)混合溶媒(EC/γ−BL=1/1)溶液(LiBF4 濃度1.0mol/l)の電解液に浸漬した後、60℃の温度で4時間含浸して電解液を上記発泡体ポリマーシート中に拡散させて複合電解質膜を作製した。含浸後膜厚は80μmであった。
【0042】
含浸によって得られた複合電解質膜の両面を実施例1と同様にして正極および負極の電極で挟み込み、加熱ロ−ルでラミネ−トして積層体を形成、切断、ポリマーシートでパッケ−ジして電池を作製した。5個作製した電池はいずれも正常に作動し、短絡はみられなかった。初回放電量の平均は730mAhであった。複合電解質の組成分析により、アルミナは16重量%、PVdF系ポリマー成分5重量%、電解液79重量%、架橋ポリマー成分は全ポリマー重量の55%であった。
【0043】
【実施例2】
実施例1で作製した正極および負極の表面に、実施例1で作製したアルミナを分散したスラリ−を塗布して両極の活物質表面にアルミナ塗膜を形成した。なお正極表面のアルミナ膜厚は12μm、負極表面は14μm、両極とも空孔率は30%であった。このアルミナ塗布した正極および負極にリチウムテトラフルオロボレート(LiBF4 )のエチレンカーボネート(EC)/γ−ブチルラクトン(γ−BL)混合溶媒(EC/γ−BL=1/1)溶液(LiBF4 濃度1.0mol/l)の電解液を予め含浸させた後、参考例で用いた発泡体に参考例と同様に電解液を含浸させて得られた含浸膜(電解液重量79重量%)を積層して電極積層体を作製、ついでポリマーシートでパッケージした。
【0044】
電極表面アルミナ塗膜、発泡体含浸膜を合わせた複合電解質の重量の内訳は、アルミナ46重量%、PVdF系ポリマ−成分8重量%、電解液46重量%、架橋ポリマー成分の全ポリマー重量に対する割合は47%であった。実施例1と同様にして作製した電池5個はいずれも正常に作動し、その初回放電量の平均は731mAhであった。
【0045】
【実施例3】
ポリフッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン含量3重量%、エルフアトケム社製カイナ−ル2850)のバルクシ−ト(膜厚25μm)に電子線照射(照射量10Mrad)を行い架橋処理した後、電解液としてエチレンカ−ボネ−ト、γ−ブチルラクトンを体積比1:1で混合したLiBF4の1.0モル/リットル溶液を90℃で含浸させて固体電解質膜(電解液含量58重量%、平均膜厚30μmの長尺シ−ト)を作製した。なお、架橋成分は全体のポリマ−量の42重量%であった。
【0046】
実施例2で作製したアルミナが塗布された正極および負極を用い、実施例2と同様の寸法で正極、負極、固体電解質膜を切断した。正極および負極に電解液を含浸させた後、正極/固体電解質膜/負極で積層、熱ロ−ルでラミネ−ト、切断、ポリマーシートでパッケージした。複合電解質部分(アルミナ層と固体電解質膜を合わせた領域)の組成分析により、PVdF系ポリマ−成分16重量%、電解液25重量%、アルミナ59重量%、架橋ポリマーの全ポリマーに対する割合は38%であった。実施例1と同様にして5個の電池を作製して充放電の評価を行なった。いずれのセルも短絡は見られず良好に充放電できた。初回放電量は平均687mAhであった。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
本発明の架橋高分子複合電解質は、高いイオン伝導度、機械的強度を有し、電極積層後の切断加工で短絡を起こさず、これを用いて構成した電池は電池特性および安全性に優れた性能を有する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a polymer solid electrolyte and a battery using the same as an ion transfer medium.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Solid batteries using a solid electrolyte as an ion transfer medium improve battery reliability and safety as compared to conventional batteries using an electrolyte as an ion transfer medium. Ease of use, high degree of freedom in battery configuration, simplification of package, and weight reduction are expected. As the solid electrolyte material, an ion conductive ceramic material and a polymer material have been proposed so far. Of these, the former ceramic material has brittle properties, has poor workability and is difficult to form a laminate with an electrode. On the other hand, since the ion conductive polymer material is excellent in processability and flexibility, it can form a joined body with an electrode as a solid electrolyte material, and can maintain an interface following an electrode volume change accompanying ion exchange of the electrode, and is preferable as a solid electrolyte material.
[0003]
As the polymer solid electrolyte, Wright reported a polyethylene oxide alkali metal salt complex (British Polymer Journal, Vol. 7, page 319 (1975)). Since then, mainly polyalkylene ether materials such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide have been mainly used. Solid electrolyte materials based on materials, polyacrylonitrile, polyphosphazene, polysiloxane, etc. have been actively studied, for example, polymer solids using a typical polyethylene oxide polymer as a polymer matrix material. It has been proposed to improve the transport number of lithium ions by containing an insulating inorganic solid in the electrolyte (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-31495). The solid electrolyte contain a electrically insulating inorganic solids, it is proposed to improve the dimensional stability (JP-A-7-82450).
[0004]
Furthermore, a polymer solid electrolyte material using a vinylidene fluoride resin as a matrix polymer has also been proposed (for example, US Pat. No. 5,296,318). It has also been proposed to improve the retention and mechanical strength of the electrolyte by mixing silica particles or alumina particles with this polymer solid electrolyte material (US Pat. No. 5,418,091). This electrolyte material is preferable in that it has both high ionic conductivity and high electrochemical stability. However, since a polyvinylidene fluoride-based linear polymer is used as a matrix polymer for the production of the electrolyte material, the electrolyte material is 85 ° C. To 95 [deg.] C. to melt and show fluidity, which is not preferable for use in batteries.
[0005]
By the way, a solid polymer electrolyte constituted by using a normal linear polymer as a matrix and dissolving an electrolyte and / or plasticizer in a solid solution exhibits plasticity at a temperature considerably lower than the melting point of the linear polymer, and exhibits fluidity. It easily deforms, causing changes in the structure of the battery. Of course, when the solid electrolyte is exposed to a high temperature, it undergoes a structural change, resulting in poor high temperature stability.
[0006]
Therefore, after preparing a material in which acrylate ester, di- or triallyl ester, di- or triglycidyl ester coexist as a cross-linkable vinyl monomer together with a plasticizer in the vinylidene fluoride resin, and cross-linking these polymerizable monomers. A solid polymer electrolyte impregnated with an electrolytic solution has been proposed (US Pat. No. 5,429,891). However, crosslinking of the polymer in the solid polymer electrolyte produced using the glycidyl ester monomer is not sufficient. In addition, the vinyl polymerizable monomer causes a side reaction in the charge / discharge process due to the residual monomer after the crosslinking treatment, but it is difficult to completely remove the residual monomer. Furthermore, when dibutyl phthalate or tributoxyethyl phosphate is used as the polymer plasticizer, not only side reactions may occur depending on the crosslinking reaction conditions during monomer polymerization, but the plasticizer mixing and extraction process is complicated. When the extraction is incomplete, there is a problem that a side reaction occurs on the electrode surface during charging / discharging due to the remaining plasticizer and the battery performance is lowered.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a polymer solid electrolyte having high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability in a wide potential range, and also having thermal stability and mechanical strength that do not melt flow at high temperatures. The purpose is to provide. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a high-capacity battery filled with high density using this electrolyte.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have advanced research on a polymer solid electrolyte using a vinylidene fluoride resin, and have reached the present invention.
That is, the present invention
(1) A crosslinked polymer composite electrolyte in which an inorganic filler is contained in a hybrid electrolyte containing a crosslinked polyvinylidene fluoride or vinylidene fluoride copolymer and an uncrosslinked polyvinylidene fluoride or vinylidene fluoride copolymer. The cross-linked polymer composite electrolyte contains 4 to 75% by weight of a polymer component, 4 to 86% by weight of an electrolytic solution, and 20 to 75% by weight of an inorganic filler, and is crosslinked. The weight ratio [cross-linked body weight / (cross-linked body + uncross-linked body weight)] of the above-mentioned polymer component of the polyvinylidene fluoride or vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer is 0.2 to 0.9, Batteries characterized by having a structure in which inorganic fillers are densely distributed in a layered manner inside a molecular composite electrolyte ,
(2) The battery according to (1), wherein the inorganic filler has a structure localized in the vicinity of the electrode. ,
(3) (1) or (2), characterized in that a crosslinked polymer composite electrolyte is obtained by laminating and integrating a molded body obtained by mixing an inorganic filler together with a resin binder and a crosslinked polymer molded body. Battery manufacturing method ,
(4) (3) Description: A resin binder layer containing an inorganic filler at a high density is formed in advance on the electrode surface, and then laminated with a crosslinked polymer molded body containing no inorganic filler to form a crosslinked polymer composite electrolyte. Battery manufacturing method ,
It is.
[0009]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The crosslinked polymer composite electrolyte (hereinafter referred to as composite electrolyte) of the present invention comprises a crosslinked polyvinylidene fluoride or vinylidene fluoride copolymer (crosslinked body) and an uncrosslinked polyvinylidene fluoride or vinylidene fluoride copolymer. It is necessary to include a coalescence (uncrosslinked product) as a polymer matrix.
[0010]
The content ratio of the crosslinked polyvinylidene fluoride or vinylidene fluoride copolymer is [crosslinked body weight / (crosslinked body + weight of uncrosslinked body)] 0.2 to the total weight of the polymer forming the matrix. The range is preferably 0.9, and more preferably 0.25 to 0.8. When this ratio is less than 0.2, the electrolyte has poor thermal stability at high temperatures and is accompanied by fluidity, which may cause a short circuit between electrodes when used in a battery. On the other hand, when the ratio exceeds 0.9, it is not preferable that the adhesiveness with the electrode tends to be poor when a battery is produced by laminating an electrolyte material with the electrode.
[0011]
Further, the weight ratio of the total polymer component including the crosslinked body and the uncrosslinked body in the composite electrolyte is preferably 4% by weight to 75% by weight, and preferably 5% by weight to 70% by weight. More preferred. When this value is less than 4% by weight, the flexibility of the composite electrolyte is inferior, and this is not preferable in terms of workability when processing into a battery. On the other hand, when the weight ratio of the polymer component exceeds 75% by weight, the ionic conductivity becomes low, and a high current density cannot be used when a battery is formed.
[0012]
The formation of this crosslinked body can be confirmed by the solubility in the linear polymer-soluble organic solvent. That is, the vinylidene fluoride resin having a crosslinked body has a component that does not dissolve in the soluble organic solvent and does not dissolve uniformly, so that the formation of the crosslinked body can be determined. This soluble solvent is not limited because it varies depending on the polymer type, but in the case of a poly (hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer, N-methylpyrrolidone, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, It can be discriminated with a solvent such as dimethylacetamide.
[0013]
The content ratio of the crosslinked product in the composite electrolyte of the present invention can be determined by the method described above after extracting the plasticizer and salt contained in advance with an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. it can. The amount of inorganic filler contained in the composite electrolyte can be determined as the weight of the residue obtained by thermally decomposing the crosslinked polymer component by extracting the uncrosslinked component after removing the plasticizer and salt and then heating in an oxygen atmosphere. . In this method, a predetermined amount of a sample is inserted into a platinum crucible by thermogravimetric analysis, heated to 700 ° C. at a rate of 5 ° C./min under oxygen flow conditions, and the weight after holding at 700 ° C. for 1 hour is inorganic. It can be determined as the filler weight.
[0014]
The crosslinked vinylidene fluoride resin of the present invention will be described.
Examples of uncrosslinked vinylidene fluoride resins used in the present invention include, for example, poly (vinylidene fluoride), poly (hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer, and poly (perfluorovinyl ether-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer. , Poly (tetrafluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer, poly (hexafluoropropylene oxide-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer, poly (hexafluoropropylene oxide-tetrafluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer, poly (Hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer, poly (fluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer alone or a mixture of these components can be exemplified, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Not the one.
[0015]
The uncrosslinked vinylidene fluoride resin usually has a linear structure, and the matrix polymer of the present invention is produced by crosslinking the resin. As this crosslinking method, for example, a radiation energy irradiation method such as electron beam, gamma ray, X-ray, ultraviolet ray, infrared ray, a method of reactive crosslinking by containing a radical initiator, a reactive group after alkali treatment (deHF treatment) is reacted. The method of making it bridge | crosslink can be mentioned. As a crosslinking condition in the case of using an electron beam irradiation method, the crosslinking effect is not sufficient when the irradiation amount is not sufficient, and the polymer structure is collapsed when the irradiation amount is too large. The irradiation amount is preferably 1 Mrad or more and 100 Mrad or less, and more preferably 2 Mrad or more and 50 Mrad or less.
[0016]
The composite electrolyte of the present invention is characterized by containing the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride resin and having a structure in which a part of the vinylidene fluoride resin is crosslinked. The cross-linked structure referred to in the present invention is based on the above polymer molecules and does not contain a cross-linkable monomer unit. When the crosslinkable monomer coexists in the vinylidene fluoride resin for polymerization and crosslinking, an electrochemical side reaction occurs due to the presence of the remaining crosslinkable monomer, thereby causing a decrease in battery performance. Although this residual monomer can be removed, the solid electrolyte production process is complicated. Further, depending on the crosslinkable monomer unit, there may be a problem that the solid electrolyte containing the crosslinkable monomer unit is hydrolyzed even by an electrochemical side reaction or a small amount of water.
[0017]
The composite electrolyte of the present invention needs to contain 10% by weight to 85% by weight of inorganic filler with respect to the total weight. By including this inorganic filler, the mechanical strength is further increased, and the short circuit between the electrodes when the electrode / electrolyte membrane / electrode laminate is cut in the battery manufacturing process can be reduced. When this inorganic filler is less than 10% by weight, the effect of improving the strength is not remarkable, and when it exceeds 85% by weight, it tends to become stiff and undesirably deteriorates workability, more preferably 20% by weight or more and 75% by weight. % Or less.
[0018]
As this inorganic filler, for example, alumina, silica, mullite, mica, magnesia, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, silicon nitride, cerium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal titanate composite oxide , Diamond, lithium oxide, lithium nitride, composite sulfide containing lithium, and the like. The inorganic filler must be not electronically conductive. Inorganic fillers with ionic conductivity are preferable because of their increased ion permeability as electrolyte membranes, but many of the inorganic fillers with ionic conductivity are highly hygroscopic and difficult to manage the handling atmosphere, and are used industrially. Difficult to do. Examples of the shape of the inorganic filler include a spherical shape, a square shape, a needle shape, and a plate shape. The inorganic filler is preferably a material having a fine particle diameter, preferably 10 μm or less and 0.01 μm or more, and more preferably 5 μm or less and 0.05 μm or more.
[0019]
Further, the composite electrolyte of the present invention preferably has a structure in which inorganic fillers are distributed in a layered manner at a high density. When this composite electrolyte is used in a battery, for example, a short circuit between electrodes can be suppressed when forming a laminate of an electrode and an electrolyte membrane or during processing. The region where the inorganic filler is present at a high density can be either the surface portion or the inside of the composite electrolyte. Moreover, in the composite electrolyte in which the inorganic filler is uniformly and densely dispersed, the short-circuit suppressing effect is high, but the ionic conductivity as the composite electrolyte is low. Therefore, it is preferable that the inorganic filler is distributed in a layered manner in order to achieve both suppression of short-circuit between electrodes and high ionic conductivity.
[0020]
As a method of introducing an inorganic filler into a composite electrolyte, a method of mixing and molding a composite electrolyte molded body or a polymer molded body of this precursor, a molding formed by mixing an inorganic filler with a resin binder And a method of laminating and integrating the body and the crosslinked polymer molded body. In this latter case, since the inorganic filler is contained in the molded body containing the inorganic filler in a high density, the inorganic filler is non-uniformly dispersed in the integrally formed composite electrolyte. To do. As an example of this method, after a resin binder layer containing an inorganic filler at a high density is formed on the electrode surface in advance, it is laminated with a crosslinked polymer molded body containing no inorganic filler, and an inorganic filler is formed in the vicinity of the electrode. Localized structures can be formed. By localizing the inorganic filler in the vicinity of the electrode, a region having a high compressive strength can be formed in the vicinity of the electrode. For example, when the battery is kept at a high temperature or a short circuit between the electrodes is suppressed in the battery manufacturing process. This is a preferred embodiment because it can be done.
[0021]
In addition, as the shape of the composite electrolyte of the present invention, any of a sheet shape, a particle shape, a linear shape, a fiber shape such as a filament, a staple, a woven fabric shape, a non-woven fabric shape, etc. can be used, and it is formed according to the intended form to be used. A body may be prepared. As a method for processing the molded body, any of a method of forming a crosslinked structure after forming the crosslinked structure and a method of forming a polymer having the crosslinked structure into a desired shape after forming the crosslinked structure can be used.
[0022]
When the composite electrolyte of the present invention is used as a material for holding an ion transfer medium between battery electrodes, the composite electrolyte is preferably in the form of a sheet, a woven fabric, or a nonwoven fabric. In addition, the composite electrolyte of the present invention can be used as an active material binder when an electrode used in a battery is produced by applying a particulate active material. In this case, the composite electrolyte of the present invention is in the form of particles, filaments, or staples. Preferably there is.
[0023]
As the structure of the crosslinked and uncrosslinked vinylidene fluoride resins forming the polymer matrix in the composite electrolyte of the present invention, any of a bulk structure, a hollow structure, and a porous structure can be used. Examples other than this bulk structure include a foam material containing a closed-cell structure, a porous material containing a through-hole structure, or a composite material having a closed-bubble structure and a through-hole structure.
[0024]
As a method for producing the composite electrolyte of the present invention, a method of impregnating a vinylidene fluoride resin molded body having a crosslinked structure with an electrolytic solution (electrolyte, plasticizer), a vinylidene fluoride resin containing a crosslinked structure in advance and an electrolytic solution ( Examples thereof include a method of molding the mixture after mixing an electrolyte and a plasticizer. When the material to be impregnated is composed of a polymer portion and a void portion, for example, a foam material containing a closed-cell structure, a porous material containing a through-hole structure, or a composite material having a closed-cell structure and a through-hole structure In such a case, it is preferable to provide high ionic conductivity by filling the pores with the electrolytic solution and swelling the polymer portion with the electrolytic solution. Since the materials used in ordinary battery separators, such as polyolefin porous membranes, are used without being swollen by the electrolyte solution, the skeleton of this separator does not contribute to ionic conduction and gives only low ionic conductivity as a whole. Absent. If the electrolyte solution can be impregnated and swollen in the polymer matrix in the electrolyte, the whole polymer matrix can contribute to ionic conduction, which is preferable because it provides high ionic conductivity.
[0025]
The electrolyte solution content of the composite electrolyte of the present invention is in a range that allows ion migration, but the ion conductivity and mechanical properties are preferably 4 wt% or more and 86 wt% or less based on the total weight of the composite electrolyte. It is preferable because it also has strength, and more preferably 5 wt% or more and 85 wt% or less. If this value is less than 4%, the ionic conductivity is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 86% by weight, fluidity tends to be exhibited as a composite electrolyte, which is not preferable. The ionic conductivity of the composite electrolyte of the present invention is 10 -6 S / cm or more is preferable, more preferably 10 -Five S / cm or more, most preferably 10 -3 S / cm or more 10 -2 S / cm or less. In non-aqueous electrolyte systems, the maximum ionic conductivity is 10 -2 S / cm.
[0026]
In addition, the higher the electrolyte mass contained in the composite electrolyte of the present invention, the higher the carrier ion concentration capable of ion migration and the higher the ionic conductivity, which is preferable. However, ion dissociation occurs in a composite electrolyte with a very high electrolyte content. On the other hand, the ionic conductivity is lowered. In addition, electrolytes usually have brittle properties, and when the electrolyte content is extremely high, the mechanical strength is reduced. Therefore, when used in batteries as an ion transfer medium, the moldability, workability and structural stability are impaired. Sometimes. Therefore, the electrolyte content range in the composite electrolyte of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1% to 50% by weight, more preferably in the range of 2% to 40% by weight, particularly in the total weight of the composite electrolyte. Preferably, it is in the range of 3% to 30% by weight.
[0027]
As the electrolyte used in the present invention, any of organic acids, organic salts, inorganic acids, and inorganic salts can be used. Specific examples thereof include inorganic acids such as tetrafluoroboric acid, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluorofluorosulfonic acid, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide acid, Examples thereof include organic acids such as acetic acid, tilfluoroacetic acid and propionic acid, and metal salts of these organic acids and inorganic acids. These can be used alone or in combination with a plurality of electrolytes. Furthermore, perfluorosulfonic acid polymers, perfluorocarboxylic acid polymers, or metal salts thereof can be used as the electrolyte of the present invention. As the cation of these electrolytes, one kind of cations selected from protons, alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, transition metal cations, rare earth metal cations, and the like can be used in combination.
[0028]
This cationic species is not limited because it varies depending on the application to be used. For example, when the composite electrolyte of the present invention is used for a lithium battery, it is preferable to use a lithium salt as the electrolyte to be added. In particular, when used for a lithium secondary battery, it is preferable to select a lithium salt having high electrochemical stability as the electrolyte because it is necessary to repeatedly charge and discharge. Three SO Three Li, C Four F 9 SO Three Li, (CF Three SO 2 ) 2 NLi, LiBF Four , LiPF 6 LiClO Four , LiAsF 6 Etc.
[0029]
Further, a plasticizer can be contained for the purpose of promoting ion dissociation of the electrolyte, improving the impregnation property of the electrolyte, and improving the workability of the composite electrolyte. The plasticizer content is determined in consideration of the mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, etc. of the composite electrolyte, but the composite electrolyte of the present invention has a higher plasticizer than the conventionally known vinylidene fluoride polymer solid electrolyte. Even in the content, the mechanical strength is not impaired.
[0030]
Examples of this plasticizer include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate, chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and methyl tetrahydrofuran, γ-butyl lactone, Esters such as propiolactone and methyl acetate, nitrile compounds such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, organic low-molecular compounds such as hydrocarbons, aliphatic ether compounds such as silicon oil, oligoethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, and polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile And polar group-containing polymeric organic compounds such as aliphatic polyesters and aliphatic polycarbonates.
[0031]
Next, a battery obtained by joining electrodes through the composite electrolyte of the present invention will be described. The battery of the present invention has a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are joined via the composite electrolyte.
For example, when the battery is a lithium battery, a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions is used for the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrode. As this positive electrode material, a material having a high potential with respect to the negative electrode, such as Li 1-x CoO 2 , Ln 1-x NiO 2 , Li 1-x Mn 2 O Four , Li 1-x MO 2 (0 <x <1), M represents a mixture of Co, Ni, Mn, and Fe. ), Li 2-y Mn 2 O Four (0 <y <2), crystalline Li 1-x V 2 O Five , Amorphous Li 2-y V 2 O Five (0 <y <2), Li 1.2-x ' Nb 2 O Five Oxides such as (0 <x ′ <1.2), Li 1-x TiS 2 , Li 1-x MoS 2 , Li 3-z NbSe Three Examples include organic compounds such as metal chalcogenides such as (0 <z <3), polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, polyacene derivatives, polyacetylene, polythienylene vinylene, polyarylene vinylene, dithiol derivatives, and disulfide derivatives.
[0032]
As the negative electrode, a material having a low potential with respect to the positive electrode is used. Examples of this include metallic lithium, metallic lithium such as aluminum / lithium alloy, magnesium / aluminum / lithium alloy, AlSb, Mg 2 Ge, NiSi 2 Intermetallic compounds such as graphite, coke, carbon-based materials such as low-temperature calcined polymers, SnM-based oxides (M represents Si, Ge, Pb), Si 1-y A composite oxide of M′yOz (M ′ represents W, Sn, Pb, B, etc.), a lithium solid solution of a metal oxide such as titanium oxide or iron oxide, Li 7 MnN Four , Li Three FeN 2 , Li 3-x Co x N, Li 3-x NiN, Li 3-x Cu x N, Li Three BN 2 , Li Three AlN 2 , Li Three SiN Three And ceramics such as nitrides. However, when lithium ions are reduced at the negative electrode and used as metallic lithium, the material is not limited to the above because it has only to be a conductive material.
[0033]
The positive electrode and the negative electrode used in the battery of the present invention are used by molding the above-mentioned material into a predetermined shape, and as a form, either a continuous material or a binder dispersion of a powder material can be used. As the former method for forming a continuous body, electrolytic deposition, electrolytic dissolution, vapor deposition, sputtering, CVD, melt processing, sintering, compression and the like are used. In the latter case, the powdered electrode material is mixed with a binder and molded. As this binder material, polyvinylidene fluoride resin such as polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer, fluorine-based polymer such as polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene- Hydrocarbon polymers such as acrylonitrile copolymers and styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, polymer precursors, metals and the like are used, and the polyvinylidene fluoride resin having a crosslinked structure of the present invention can also be used as a binder. In addition, a current collector can be provided with a material having low electrical resistance on an electrode formed of a positive electrode or a negative electrode.
In addition, the battery of the present invention is prepared by using the composite electrolyte precursor before impregnating the electrolytic solution to prepare a positive electrode / composite electrolyte precursor / negative electrode structure, and then impregnating the electrolytic solution which is a constituent element of the present invention. It can also be produced by introduction by a method such as diffusion.
[0034]
In the case of a lithium battery, the battery has a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are joined via a composite electrolyte. For example, a sheet-shaped positive electrode, a composite electrolyte, and a positive electrode / composite electrolyte / negative electrode obtained by sequentially laminating a sheet-shaped negative electrode may be used as a unit to form a sheet-shaped, roll-shaped, or folded structure. Moreover, it is also possible to set it as the assembled battery which connected the electrode of the battery unit in parallel or / and in series. In particular, in the case of a composite electrolyte battery, since the series connection structure is simple, the voltage can be increased by the number of stacked layers connected in series. In addition, if necessary, it takes out current to the battery electrode, external terminal connection part for injection, current / voltage control element, functional element that prevents electrode connection when heat is generated, protection against moisture and prevention of electrode unit / stacked body, structural protection, etc. Layers can be provided or polymer packages can be provided.
The composite electrolyte of the present invention is applied not only to lithium batteries but also to ion transfer media such as various batteries such as alkaline batteries, lead batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, electrochemical sensors, and electrochromic display elements. This is preferable because a product with high industrial value can be provided.
[0035]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
<Component analysis of composite electrolyte>
The weights of the inorganic filler, the uncrosslinked polyvinylidene fluoride or the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (PVdF polymer), the electrolytic solution, and the crosslinked PVdF polymer, which are constituent components of the composite electrolyte, were determined by the following methods. When the electrode and the composite electrolyte were integrated, the electrode current collector and the active material layer were peeled off and the composite electrolyte layer was taken out, and then the weight of each component was determined.
Electrolyte solution weight: The composite electrolyte was immersed in 100 times the amount of methanol for 24 hours to extract the electrolyte solution, and the weight after drying was determined. The difference from the weight before treatment was taken as the electrolyte solution amount.
-Weight of uncrosslinked polymer: Extracted with methanol and dried, the above composite electrolyte was reflux extracted with N-methylpyrrolidone for 12 hours, and the weight after washing with methanol was determined as the weight of crosslinked polymer and inorganic filler, and extracted with N-methylpyrrolidone. The difference from the previous weight was defined as the uncrosslinked polymer weight.
-Crosslinked polymer weight and inorganic filler weight: Predetermined amounts of the above-mentioned crosslinked polymer and inorganic filler component were calculated, and the temperature rising rate was 5 by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA200, manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) under an oxygen gas flow. The temperature after raising the temperature to 700 ° C. at 1 ° C./min and holding at 700 ° C. for 1 hour was determined as the weight of the inorganic filler, and the weight loss was determined as the weight of the crosslinked polymer.
[0036]
[Example 1]
LiCoO 2 Electrode (LiCoO with an average particle size of 5 μm 2 100 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and 3 parts by weight of acetylene black in a binder are dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone, coated on a 15 μm thick aluminum current collector, and heated and pressed. The long sheet with a width of 100 mm of the coating sheet) is cut as a positive electrode to a width of 110 mm and a length of 240 mm, and then the electrode active material layer is peeled 10 mm from the end in the width direction to expose the aluminum current collector. (The width of the electrode active material layer is 100 mm). As an anode, a graphite long sheet (graphite with an average particle size of 10 μm (MCMB manufactured by Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.), 100 parts by weight, an aqueous dispersion slurry of styrene-butadiene latex in terms of solid content and 2 parts by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose An aqueous solution was added at a rate of 0.8 parts by weight in terms of solid content, and a slurry uniformly dispersed in water was coated on a 12 μm thick copper current collector and heated and pressed to form a 85 μm thick single-sided coating sheet, width 110 mm long sheet) surface is mixed with 5 μ% PVdF solution (N-methylpyrrolidone solvent) in 0.5 μm particle size alumina to form a slurry, and then coated and dried to form an alumina coating ( After forming a 10 μm film thickness, an alumina weight fraction of 94% in solid content, and a porosity of 20%), it is cut into a width of 110 mm and a length of 240 mm, and the active material layer is peeled off from the end in the width direction with a width of 10 mm. To expose the copper current collector and (as the active material layer width 100 mm.).
[0037]
A bulk sheet (film thickness 80 μm) of a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (hexafluoropropylene content 3 wt%, Elf Atchem Kynar 2850) was subjected to crosslinking treatment by electron beam irradiation (irradiation amount 10 Mrad). Thereafter, 7 parts by weight of chlorofluorocarbon (HFC-134a) was impregnated, and a foam sheet (expanding ratio 4 times, film thickness 80 μm) obtained by heating and drawing treatment was charged with ethylene carbonate and γ-butyllactone as electrolytes. LiBF mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 Four A solid electrolyte membrane impregnated with a 1.5 mol / liter solution (electrolytic solution content 75% by weight, average film thickness 85 μm, long sheet with a width of 105 mm) was cut into a strip shape with a length of 250 mm. The above electrolytic solution was applied to the surface of the electrode with a roll coater (positive electrode 30 g / m 2 , Negative electrode 40 g / m 2 After applying the above electrolyte solution, the active material layer was laminated in the order of the positive electrode, the solid electrolyte membrane, and the negative electrode through the solid electrolyte membrane. At that time, the positive electrode active material layer faces the negative electrode active material layer so that it does not protrude from the negative electrode active material layer, and the copper current collector protrudes on the side opposite to the side where the aluminum current collector protrudes. Lamination was possible with a laminator (roll temperature 130 ° C., roll speed 600 mm / min). The electrode laminate is cut with an NT cutter to produce eight electrode laminates with a width of 30 mm and a length of 120 mm. The eight electrode laminates have protruding portions of aluminum and copper current collectors on one side, respectively. The electrode stacks were bundled by supersonic welding with a 3 mm square on the center part (both aluminum and copper) where the current collectors were overlapped. Next, the ultrasonic weld was fixed to the ultrasonic welded portion by using copper and an aluminum sheet (thickness 30 μm) having a width of 10 mm and a length of 30 mm as electrode terminals (the welded portion was 3 mm square).
[0038]
A package (sheet 40 mm wide, 130 mm long) in which a polymer sheet (a sheet of polyimide 25 μm, metal aluminum sheet 20 μm, polyphenylene sulfide 12 μm, polypropylene 50 μm in order) is processed into a bag shape. The electrode laminate was inserted into the side having a width of 3 mm and the electrode terminal was protruded to the outside, and the opening was heated and sealed while vacuuming to produce a battery.
[0039]
As a result of charging / discharging tests (230 mA constant current, 4.2 V constant potential charging, 230 mA constant current discharging) by connecting the electrode terminal to a charging / discharging machine, all the batteries produced by the same operation operated normally. The initial discharge amount was 732 mAh on average, the average voltage was 3.7 V (average capacity 2.7 Wh), and could be repeatedly charged and discharged.The composition analysis of the composite electrolyte portion (the region where the alumina layer and the solid electrolyte membrane were combined) As a result, the weight of the electrolyte contained in the composite electrolyte was 57% by weight, alumina was 28% by weight, PVdF polymer was 15% by weight, and the crosslinked polymer component was 54% of the total polymer weight.
[0040]
[ Reference example ]
(Hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride) copolymer (hexafluoropropylene content 5% by weight) is kneaded with alumina powder having an average particle diameter of 1 μm and heated and extruded to form a sheet having a film thickness of 75 μm (alumina weight 50 of the molded body). %). The molded body was irradiated with an electron beam at an irradiation dose of 30 Mrad, and then vacuum-dried at 60 ° C. to remove the generated HF gas. The sheet was impregnated with chlorofluorocarbon in the same manner as in Example 1 and heated and foamed to produce a foam (foaming factor 4 times, film thickness 60 μm).
[0041]
The foam sheet containing alumina after electron beam irradiation was converted to lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF). Four ) Solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) / γ-butyllactone (γ-BL) mixed solvent (EC / γ-BL = 1/1) (LiBF) Four After being immersed in an electrolyte solution having a concentration of 1.0 mol / l), the composite electrolyte membrane was produced by impregnating at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 4 hours to diffuse the electrolyte solution into the foam polymer sheet. The film thickness after impregnation was 80 μm.
[0042]
Both sides of the composite electrolyte membrane obtained by impregnation were sandwiched between positive and negative electrodes in the same manner as in Example 1, laminated with a heating roll to form a laminate, cut, and packaged with a polymer sheet. A battery was produced. All five batteries produced operated normally and no short circuit was observed. The average of the first discharge amount was 730 mAh. According to the composition analysis of the composite electrolyte, alumina was 16% by weight, PVdF polymer component 5% by weight, electrolyte solution 79% by weight, and the crosslinked polymer component was 55% of the total polymer weight.
[0043]
【Example 2 ]
A slurry in which the alumina prepared in Example 1 was dispersed was applied to the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared in Example 1 to form an alumina coating on the active material surfaces of both electrodes. The alumina film thickness on the positive electrode surface was 12 μm, the negative electrode surface was 14 μm, and the porosity of both electrodes was 30%. Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF) was applied to the alumina-coated positive electrode and negative electrode. 4 ) Solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) / γ-butyllactone (γ-BL) mixed solvent (EC / γ-BL = 1/1) (LiBF) 4 After impregnating the electrolyte solution with a concentration of 1.0 mol / l) in advance, Reference example In the foam used in Reference example An electrode laminate was prepared by laminating impregnated films (electrolyte weight 79% by weight) obtained by impregnating an electrolytic solution in the same manner as described above, and then packaged with a polymer sheet.
[0044]
The weight breakdown of the composite electrolyte combined with the electrode surface alumina coating and the foam-impregnated film is as follows. Was 47%. All five batteries produced in the same manner as in Example 1 operated normally, and the average of the initial discharge amount was 731 mAh.
[0045]
【Example 3 ]
A bulk sheet (film thickness 25 μm) of a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (hexafluoropropylene content 3 wt%, Elf Atchem Kynar 2850) was subjected to crosslinking treatment by electron beam irradiation (irradiation amount 10 Mrad). Thereafter, LiBF in which ethylene carbonate and γ-butyllactone were mixed as an electrolytic solution at a volume ratio of 1: 1. 4 Was impregnated at 90 ° C. to prepare a solid electrolyte membrane (long sheet having an electrolyte content of 58 wt% and an average film thickness of 30 μm). The crosslinking component was 42% by weight of the total polymer amount.
[0046]
Example 2 Example using positive electrode and negative electrode coated with alumina prepared in Example 2 The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the solid electrolyte membrane were cut with the same dimensions. After the positive electrode and the negative electrode were impregnated with the electrolytic solution, the positive electrode / solid electrolyte membrane / negative electrode were laminated, laminated with a heat roll, cut, and packaged with a polymer sheet. According to the compositional analysis of the composite electrolyte part (the area where the alumina layer and the solid electrolyte membrane are combined), the PVdF polymer component is 16% by weight, the electrolyte is 25% by weight, the alumina is 59% by weight, and the ratio of the crosslinked polymer to the total polymer is 38%. Met. In the same manner as in Example 1, five batteries were prepared and evaluated for charge and discharge. None of the cells were short-circuited and could be charged and discharged satisfactorily. The initial discharge amount averaged 687 mAh.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
The cross-linked polymer composite electrolyte of the present invention has high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, and does not cause a short circuit in the cutting process after electrode lamination, and a battery constructed using this has excellent battery characteristics and safety. Has performance.
Claims (4)
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| JP12753398A JP4017741B2 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 1998-05-11 | Cross-linked polymer composite electrolyte and battery |
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| JP12753398A JP4017741B2 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 1998-05-11 | Cross-linked polymer composite electrolyte and battery |
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| JP4017741B2 true JP4017741B2 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2002190320A (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-07-05 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Solid electrolyte and battery using the same |
| JP2002190318A (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-07-05 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Solid electrolyte and non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the same |
| JP2002190317A (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-07-05 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Solid electrolyte and non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the same |
| JP3539564B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-07-07 | 日本電池株式会社 | Polymer electrolyte and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| JP4075804B2 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2008-04-16 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Fluorine-containing optical material comprising a functional group-containing fluoropolymer capable of complexing with rare earth metal ions |
| WO2005001037A2 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2005-01-06 | Toyota Technical Center, Usa, Inc. | Electrolyte membranes based on alkyloxysilane grafted thermoplastic polymers |
| CN1300863C (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2007-02-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Composite polymer electrolyte membrane for battery and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5247974B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2013-07-24 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Method for producing electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte hydrogen / oxygen fuel cell |
| JP5332876B2 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2013-11-06 | ソニー株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte, nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and method for producing nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| KR101943647B1 (en) | 2009-02-23 | 2019-01-29 | 가부시키가이샤 무라타 세이사쿠쇼 | Nonaqueous electrolyte composition, nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and method for manufacturing nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| KR102722642B1 (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2024-10-25 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | Electrolyte sheets and secondary batteries |
| JP7527703B2 (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2024-08-05 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | Battery component, manufacturing method thereof, and secondary battery |
| CN112331913B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-09-09 | 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 | Composite solid electrolyte, preparation method and application |
| JP2024544468A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2024-12-03 | エレクトロバヤ インコーポレイテッド | Lithium ion conductive separator membrane |
| FR3146240B1 (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2025-08-22 | Clhynn | Ionic conductive membrane, preparation process and associated applications |
| CN120184342B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2026-02-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | In-situ polymerized organic-inorganic composite electrolyte, and preparation and application thereof |
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