Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP4019982B2 - Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP4019982B2 - Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method - Google Patents

Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4019982B2
JP4019982B2 JP2003064321A JP2003064321A JP4019982B2 JP 4019982 B2 JP4019982 B2 JP 4019982B2 JP 2003064321 A JP2003064321 A JP 2003064321A JP 2003064321 A JP2003064321 A JP 2003064321A JP 4019982 B2 JP4019982 B2 JP 4019982B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
steam
black liquor
power generation
recovery boiler
generated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2003064321A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2004270600A (en
Inventor
耕一 千野
泰二 乾
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP2003064321A priority Critical patent/JP4019982B2/en
Publication of JP2004270600A publication Critical patent/JP2004270600A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4019982B2 publication Critical patent/JP4019982B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Landscapes

  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、黒液利用発電システム,黒液利用発電方法及び黒液利用発電システムの改造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
製紙工場(パルプ工場)の製造過程で生成される黒液を燃料とする黒液回収ボイラーを備えた発電システムとして、例えば、特許文献1(特開平6−82002号公報)があげられる。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平6−82002号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記特許文献1では、黒液回収ボイラーによる発電効率,再生エネルギーの明確化及び製紙工場の生産ラインの操業安定化等が考慮されていない。
【0005】
本発明の目的は、黒液を利用した再生エネルギーの明確化及び発電効率向上が図れる黒液利用発電システム,黒液利用発電方法及び黒液利用発電システムの改造方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
木材から紙を生産する生産過程で生成される黒液を燃焼させて蒸気を発生させる黒液回
収ボイラーと、該黒液回収ボイラーからの発生蒸気で駆動する蒸気タービンと、該蒸気タ
ービンによって駆動される発電機と、該黒液回収ボイラー又は該蒸気タービンからの蒸気
を該生産過程の加熱蒸気として利用する黒液利用発電システムにおいて、
排熱回収ボイラーを備えた重油,灯油または天然ガスを燃料源とするガスタービン発電設備を設け、
該排熱回収ボイラーで発生する蒸気を該生産過程の加熱蒸気として用いるよう構成し、
前記黒液回収ボイラーから前記蒸気タービンへ蒸気を供給する蒸気系統と、前記排熱回収ボイラーから前記生産過程へ蒸気を供給する蒸気系統とを連結して構成し、前記発電機の電力が黒液を起源とする電力であることが明確になるように前記黒液回収ボイラーからの蒸気流路を変更する切替手段を設けて構成したことを特徴とする黒液利用発電システム。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
地球温暖化防止の観点から再生可能エネルギーである間伐材等のバイオマスを燃料源とする発電設備において、発電効率の増加と発電量の増加が望まれている。欧米では再生エネルギーの有効活用を支援する政府の政策により、木材資源をそのまま燃料とするバイオマス発電設備が急速に増加しており、発電設備容量が17,000MW を超えている。ただし、バイオマス資源は約50%の水分を含み、乾燥させても20%ほどは水分が残るので、発電効率が14〜18%と低くその効率向上が望まれている。
【0008】
一方、国土の70%が山地の日本においては、木材を集積する費用が高いために、森林資源のバイオマスを発電に利用することがほとんど実施されていない。このため、森林1ha当りの木材資源の活用割合はスウェーデンやドイツの1/3〜1/4で、森林の年間成長量の1/3ほどしか利用されていない。この結果、間伐作業等が適切に実施できず、日本の森林は過密になって活力が失われている。バイオマス燃料である間伐材を高効率でかつ経済的な発電できる方式が必要とされている。
【0009】
このような社会的な要請を受けて、2002年6月には「電気事業者による新エネルギー等の利用に関する特別措置法」が成立し、送電系統で移送される電力の内で再生エネルギーを起源とする発電量に対して、市場売買に基づくクレジットが認められることになった。この再生エネルギーに対するクレジットを有効に活用することによって、バイオマス資源の活用を図り、日本の森林に活力を与えることができる。
【0010】
図2を用い、次に、製紙工場における紙の生産過程や製紙の生産過程の設備を説明する。図2は、製紙の生産工場におけるパルプ工程と回収工程の概要を示したものである。海外から輸入された丸太は、板や角材を切り出した後の部材や間伐材を切断して3cm角程のチップとして、トラックで製紙工場のチップ貯蔵場所に搬入する。木材には、紙の製造に用いられる繊維で有るパルプが50%ほど存在し、残りがパルプ繊維同士を結合させるリグニンとヘミセルロースである。
【0011】
パルプ工程の第一ステップでは、蒸解釜31で無機薬品溶液を用いて、チップからリグニンとヘミセルロースを溶液に抽出する。無機薬品には苛性ソーダ70%と硫化ソーダ30%の混合液を用いて170℃の加圧条件で、垂直な円筒容器内を流下させる過程で連続的に反応を進める。蒸解釜31の大きさは、パルプ生産能力が1,200〜1,600ton/日 の規模で容積が2,000m3で有る。蒸解釜31を高温・高圧に保つために、樹木の種類によりパルプ1ton を生産する当り、0.68〜0.77ton の加熱蒸気を必要としている。蒸解釜31から流出したパルプを含むスラリーは、次の洗浄工程32に送られる。
【0012】
洗浄工程32では、加圧デフェーザー洗浄機と大気圧デフェーザー洗浄機の多段構成により、蒸解釜31から流出したパルプを含むスラリーを、パルプと溶液とに分離する。この溶液は、リグニンとヘミセルロースを含む固形分濃度15%程度のものであって、黒液と称され、エバポレーター35に送られる。パルプはスクリーン33に送られる。
【0013】
スクリーン33では、パルプを裏ごしして、パルプに含まれるゴミや生煮えのチップを取り除いて、良好なパルプだけを次の漂白設備34に送る。
【0014】
漂白設備34は、4段階の工程で、パルプが段々白色度を増して行く。完全にリグニンをパルプから分離させるほど蒸解釜で反応させると、パルプ繊維に損傷が生じる。したがって、少しリグニンがパルプに残存する状態で漂白設備に送られてくるので、漂白設備34の初段でパルプの1.5〜2.1%ほどの酸素を添加して、残留しているリグニンを95〜100℃の温度条件で除去する。添加する酸素を製造するために、製紙工場にはPSA方式の酸素製造設備が設けられている。漂白されたパルプは抄紙工程に送られて、薄く広げた後で脱水・乾燥することで紙が製造される。
【0015】
先の洗浄工程32で生成した黒液は、多重効用蒸発缶方式を採用したエバポレーター35で自燃可能な濃度まで濃縮されてから、黒液回収ボイラー36に送られる。多重効用方式は初段には加熱蒸気を利用するが、段毎に蒸発圧力を減少させることで、それ以降の濃縮段では前段で発生した蒸気を加熱源として利用して、少ない蒸気で濃縮を可能にしている。蒸発缶の最終段にはプレート式液膜硫化蒸発缶を採用することで、流動性の限界に近い80%近くまで濃縮を可能にしている。この結果、黒液は3000Mcal/ton と高い発熱量を保持している。日本全部の製紙会社で生成される黒液の発熱量合計は、石油換算で年間464万klにもなる。
【0016】
黒液回収ボイラー36では、過熱管等には耐食性材料を採用することで、SOxが含まれる条件でも、100ata で500℃以上の蒸気を発生することができる。この結果、黒液回収ボイラー36からの発生蒸気を蒸気タービン37で発電する場合の効率は30〜35%にも達する。これは、バイオマスを直接ボイラーで燃焼して発電する場合の2倍近い値である。木材成分のうちで半分ほどのリグニンとヘミセルロースを抽出した黒液を用いて発電することで、全部を燃焼した場合と同等の発電量を得ることができる。
【0017】
但し、蒸解釜31に供給された無機薬品の溶融物であるスメルトが、黒液回収ボイラー36の底に残存する。スメルトを水に溶解させた緑液から不純物を除去し、生石灰を添加しスラッジをライムスレーカと白液セットラーで除去すると、緑液は再利用可能な白液になり、再度蒸解釜31に送られる。スラッジを石灰キルンで数時間焼くと、元の生石灰に戻る。
【0018】
黒液回収ボイラー36で発生した蒸気は、蒸解釜31やエバポレーター35、抄紙工程で加熱源として利用されるとともに、蒸気タービン37を駆動して電気を発生させる。製紙の生産過程で要する加熱蒸気としては、蒸解釜31やエバポレーター35、抄紙工程等があげられる。
【0019】
製紙の生産過程の設備では、種々のプロセスで電気を使用しているので、回収したボイラーからの発電量だけでは電力が不足するので、系統から電力を購入している。製紙産業が購入する電力量は平成13年度で10,979GWh にもなり、産業部門全体の4%に相当する。
【0020】
ここで、本発明の実施の形態では、更に、次の(1)〜(3)を考慮する。
【0021】
(1)製紙工場を運転するには、その生産過程で多量の加熱蒸気を必要とするが、運転を開始してから濃縮された黒液が生成されて、黒液回収ボイラーで蒸気が得られるまでに約1日必要で有る。この間は重油等で黒液回収ボイラーを運転する必要が有るが、黒液回収ボイラーによる発電効率は30〜35%ほどなので、同じ重油でガスタービンと蒸気タービンを組み合わせたコンバインドサイクルの発電効率50%と比較すると、エネルギーの損失が大きい。
【0022】
(2)「電気事業者による新エネルギー等の利用に関する特別措置法」で認められている再生エネルギーを起源とする電力と認定されるためと、国際的にも再生エネルギーの電力を有効活用している努力を認めてもらうためには、黒液を起源とする電力であることを明確化して黒液を起源とする電力系統に搬送し、その電力量を測定する必要が有る。生産工場内電力とし利用するだけでは、再生エネルギーを利用とは認められない。
【0023】
(3)製紙工場の主要機器である蒸解釜やエバポレータ,抄紙工程は、加熱蒸気を必要とする。黒液回収ボイラーで発生する蒸気だけを利用する場合には、万一黒液回収ボイラーが短時間でも故障すると、製紙工場全体の操業を停止する必要が有る。
【0024】
上記(1)〜(3)を鑑みて、ガスタービン又はディーゼルエンジン,ガスエンジンを製紙工場内に新たに設置して、重油,灯油または天然ガスを燃料源として発電して、製紙工場内の運転に必要な動力を賄う。また、ガスタービン等から発生する高温排気ガスの排熱を活用して蒸気を発生させ、製紙工場内の生産過程で利用する加熱蒸気とする。この結果、黒液を燃料源とした黒液回収ボイラーで発生する蒸気の大部分を蒸気タービンの発電に利用することができ、発電量を増加できる。また、ガスタービン等から発生する高温排気ガスの排熱を活用して蒸気を発生させ、生産ラインに用いることが出来るので、製紙工場全体の操業安定化が図れる。更に、新たに発電設備を設けたことにより、蒸気タービンからの発電電力は電力量を計測した後で、送電系統網を経由して一般電気事業者や特定電気事業者に電力を販売する。この結果、再生エネルギーを燃料源とする発電電力量を明確化することができる。
【0025】
(実施例1)
図1を用いて本発明の具体的な実施例を説明する。自然乾燥により水分量を20%まで低下された3cm角の木材チップは、複数存在する内容積5000m3 のチップサイロ1に収納する。チップサイロ1に配置された加振装置の作用で、木材チップは、チップサイロ1の下部からチップ予熱装置2に重力落下する。チップ予熱装置2では、パルプ製造工程で発生する加熱蒸気を注入して木材チップを加温する。加熱された木材チップは、自動原料供給装置3で3800ton/dayの処理流量で浸透ベッセル4にその上部から供給する。浸透ベッセル4で、その下部から供給される苛性ソーダと硫化ソーダを7:3に混合した濃度13%の蒸解薬液に、木材チップを含浸させる。ここで、木材チップ3800ton には、水分が800ton、パルプ成分が1500ton、リグニンとヘミセルロースが合計した成分で1500ton含まれる。
【0026】
次に、木材チップと蒸解薬液の混合物は、内径6mで高さ55mの蒸解釜5上部に供給される。蒸解釜5において、外部から供給される加熱蒸気との熱交換によって、170℃,7ata の高温高圧条件まで加熱する。蒸解釜5の上部では木材チップと蒸解薬液の混合液を上部より並流状態で流下させて、両者の混合を促進させる。木材チップに含まれるリグニンとヘミセルロースは蒸解薬液中への溶解が始まるが、蒸解薬液に溶解したリグニン濃度を増加するに伴ない、溶解速度が低下する。そこで溶解速度を向上させるために、蒸解釜5下部から新しい蒸解薬液を供給し、流下してくるチップと交流状態で混合を促進して、木材チップに残留しているリグニン等を効率良く溶解させる。木材チップに含まれていたパルプ繊維とリグニン等は分離され、パルプ濃度が10%ほどのスラリーを蒸解釜5の中央部より抽出する。また、蒸解釜5でチップが不溶成分のパルプと溶解成分のリグニンとヘミセルロースに分離するのに必要な反応時間は、約5〜6時間もかかる。
【0027】
後段の洗浄工程の密閉加圧型ドラム洗浄機7は、低圧で運転するので抽出した170℃,7ata のスラリーを、そのまま後段に供給すると蒸解釜5で加熱に用いられた熱が全て損失になる。そこで、熱回収装置6でスラリーを減圧させ、発生した蒸気をチップ予熱装置2に送って木材チップの加温に利用し、蒸解釜5での上部で170℃まで加熱するのに必要な加熱蒸気量を低減する。熱回収装置6を用いて熱の再利用を図っても、3800ton/dayの木材チップを処理するのに外部から1100ton/dayの加熱蒸気を蒸解釜5に供給する必要が有る。
【0028】
熱回収装置6で減圧したスラリーの洗浄には、密閉加圧型ドラム洗浄機7を用いる。密閉加圧型ドラム洗浄機7の回転ドラム上にスラリーを供給すると、リグニン等を含む蒸解薬液と固形分であるパルプとが分離する。このパルプには一部蒸解薬液が付着して残存するので、これを洗浄液で多段階に洗うことで薬液を除去する。密閉加圧型ドラム洗浄機7から排出される廃液の内でリグニンや薬品の濃度が濃いものは黒液と呼ばれ、エバポレーター8に送る。薬液濃度が低い廃液は排水処理設備に送り、BODとCODを低減して洗浄水として再利用することができる。
【0029】
密閉加圧型ドラム洗浄機7から移送されるパルプスラリーは、先ずスクリーン9で裏ごしして、パルプ中に含まれるゴミや生煮えのチップを取り除く。良好なパルプを10%ほどの濃度で、中濃度ハイシェポンプ10を用いて次の漂白工程11に移送する。パルプは10%ほどの中濃度になると、通常のポンプではパルプ繊維が相互に絡み合って移送が難しくなるが、中濃度ハイシェポンプ10では高いせん断力をスラリーに加えてパルプ繊維によって形成される網構造を破壊することで、配管輸送を可能にしている。10%ほどの高濃度でパルプを移送することで、輸送するために添加する水の消費量を低減している。
【0030】
漂白工程11では、最終製品の紙に要求される白色度に応じて、漂白剤処理とアルカリ処理を幾段か繰り返す。各段の始めには洗浄工程で、前段で使用した薬品を除去し、その後で新しい薬品を添加して、薬品に応じた50〜70℃の反応温度まで加温する。パルプスラリーは、各反応容器の下部より供給され塔内を2〜3時間かけて上昇し、上部より排出される。各反応塔における反応温度が低いので、抄紙工程12等からの廃熱で生成した温水を用いて加温する。漂白工程11から、パルプは、次の抄紙工程12に移送される。
【0031】
抄紙工程12は、リファイナーとワイヤーパート,プレスパート,ドライヤーパート,リールパートで構成される。パルプは、まず、リファイナーで機械的に叩解して、パルプ表面を毛羽立たせる。次のワイヤーパートでパルプは網の上に薄く延ばし、ワイヤー上を移動させる過程でパルプに含まれる水分を重力で落下させて、パルプに含まれる水分量を低減する。ワイヤーパートを出た段階ではパルプ繊維にはまだ多くの水分が含まれているので、プレスパートで両側から金属ロールで加圧することで、パルプ繊維に含まれる水分を機械的に押し出す。但し、プレスパート出口でパルプにはまだ56%も水分が含まれる。次のドライヤーパートでは、内面から蒸気で加熱する。金属製円筒形のドライヤー表面にパルプを押し付けることで、パルプは乾燥して紙になる。ドライヤーパート入口ではパルプより水分量の方が多いので、乾燥したパルプ1ton を生産するのに、1.7ton もの加熱蒸気量を必要とする。3800ton/dayの木材チップを処理する場合には2600ton/dayの加熱蒸気が必要で、抄紙工程12が製紙工場で最大の蒸気消費工程になっている。ドライヤーパートでパルプを乾燥させた蒸気は温水となるので、この温水を漂白工程11の加熱源に用い有効利用を可能とする。ドライヤーパートで乾燥された紙は、リールパートでスプールに巻きつける。
【0032】
また、密閉加圧型ドラム洗浄機7で生成した濃度15%の黒液は、発生量が15,000ton/day で、無機薬品が5%ほどと可燃性のリグニンとヘミセルロースが10%ほど含まれる。本実施例では、多重効用蒸発缶方式を採用したエバポレーター8は、6重効用により必要な加熱蒸気を1/6まで低減している。このように蒸気使用量の低減に努めた結果、エバポレーター8で必要な加熱蒸気量は1500ton/dayになる。加熱用蒸気は、伝熱面への黒液の焦げ付きを防止するために、139℃,3.5ataの低圧蒸気を採用している。黒液の流動性が維持できる限界である80%まで濃縮可能なプレート式液膜流下方式を、各蒸発缶でエバポレーター8は採用している。黒液を80%まで濃縮する場合、伝熱面表面に黒液に含まれる固形分がスケールとして一部付着することは避けられない。そこで、各蒸発缶ではプレート式液膜の伝熱管を3区画に分離し、2区画を濃縮運転、1区画を洗浄運転と切り替え運転を実施する。
【0033】
80%まで濃縮された黒液は、発熱量が3000Mcal/ton も有るので、ポンプで黒液回収ボイラー13の空気中に噴霧して、助燃材無しで燃焼させることが可能で有る。黒液回収ボイラー13には、節炭器と蒸発器,過熱器を設け、木材チップを3800ton/day処理する製紙工場では黒液の焼却により、515℃,112ataの高圧蒸気を8640ton/day(360ton/h)得られる。黒液回収ボイラー13からの廃棄ガスは、節炭器で120℃まで冷却され、電気集塵機でダストを除去する。廃棄ガスは、含まれる不純物濃度が所定の値以下で有ることを測定した後で、誘引ファンの作用で煙突から大気へ放出する。黒液回収ボイラー13で黒液に含まれるリグニンとヘミセルロースは、空気で燃焼して二酸化炭素になって煙突から放出され、黒液に含まれる不燃性の無機薬品成分はスメルトとして、黒液回収ボイラー13下部に溶融物として堆積する。
【0034】
黒液回収ボイラー13の下部に存在するスメルト溶融物の液面が設定値を越えると、黒液回収ボイラー13の下部バルブを開いてスメルトを排出する。水を添加するとスメルトは溶解して緑液になるので回収工程14に移送する。
【0035】
回収工程14は、緑液セトラー,苛性化槽,白液セトラー,石灰キルンで構成される。先ず緑液セトラーで燃え残りの灰等の不溶解成分を沈降させて分離する。次の苛性化槽で不純物が除去された緑液に生石灰を加えることで、元の蒸解薬液で有る白液に戻し、生石灰は石灰泥になる。この石灰泥と白液を分離する白液セトラーは、加圧した白液セトラー内にろ布を張ったデイスクが回転させ、圧力差により白液はろ布を通ることで、石灰泥から分離する。ろ布に残った石灰泥はブレードによって掻き落されて、80%の高濃度まで濃縮される。この高濃縮された石灰泥は石灰キルンに送られて、数時間かけて高温で焼かれて生石灰に戻る。この生石灰は、苛性化槽で用いる。回収工程で再生される白液量は4500m3/dayになる。
【0036】
木材チップで3800ton/day、製品の製紙にして1500ton/day規模の製紙工場を運転するのに必要な電力量は70MWで、加熱蒸気量は5200ton/day(216ton/h)である。
【0037】
そこで、本実施例では、黒液回収ボイラー13(第一の蒸気発生手段)とは別系統の第二の蒸気発生手段を設けている。電気出力70MWのガスタービン15を1台工場内に据付けて、ガスタービン出口に排熱回収ボイラー16を設けている。つまり、第二の蒸気発生手段として排熱回収ボイラー16を設けている。蒸気を発生する通常のボイラーを設けても良い。
【0038】
70MWのガスタービンの排ガス流量は、200kg/sで、ガスタービン出口における排気ガス温度が600℃で有る。したがって、排熱回収ボイラー16で出口の排ガス温度を80℃になるまで熱回収すると、170℃の飽和蒸気が160ton/h生成でき、製紙工場全体で必要な加熱蒸気量216ton/hの74%を賄うことができる。そのため、黒液回収ボイラー13から発生する、515℃,112ataで流量が360ton/hの高圧蒸気を蒸気タービン17に供給することができる。その際、その蒸気の全量を蒸気タービン17に供給することが望ましい。
【0039】
360ton/hの内で、ガスタービン15の排熱回収ボイラー16だけでは不足する蒸気量56ton/hを蒸気タービン17の途中から抽気し、その蒸気タービン17の途中段からの蒸気を生産過程の加熱蒸気としてエバポレーター8等に供給しても良い。蒸気タービン17から抽気する時の圧力はエバポレーター8で必要な圧力である3.5ataとし、抽気しない残りの304ton/h の蒸気は復水器18で凝縮させ、高圧ポンプで加圧してから、抄紙工程からの排熱を利用して加温してから黒液回収ボイラー13に戻す。黒液回収ボイラー13で発生する蒸気の大部分を蒸気タービン17での発電に利用できるので、蒸気タービン17の発電量は発電効率を0.9 とすると113MWになり発電量が増加する。つまり、黒液回収ボイラー13(第一の蒸気発生手段)とは別系統の第二の蒸気発生手段を設けているので、生産過程で要する加熱蒸気を第二の蒸気発生手段で賄い、黒液回収ボイラー13で発生する蒸気を蒸気タービン17での発電に適切に利用可能となり、黒液を利用した発電であることの明確化が可能となり、且つ蒸気タービン17での発電効率を向上することが可能となる。また、ガスタービン15の排熱回収ボイラー16だけでは不足する蒸気量56ton/h を黒液回収ボイラー13で発生する蒸気で補っても良い。
【0040】
蒸気タービン17の発電機による電力の少なくとも一部を送電系統に送電する。再生エネルギー利用のメリットを考慮すると、この電力のほぼ全量を送電系統に送電することが望ましい。この蒸気タービンの発電量は、電力量を計測した後で変圧器19で22kVまで昇圧し、送電系統を通して一般電気事業者や特定電気事業者に売電するか、同じ会社に所属する別の工場に送電して利用する。送電系統で搬送する電力は、全て再生エネルギーで有る黒液を燃料源としているので、法律で認められる再生エネルギーのクレジットが全量認められる。
【0041】
ガスタービン15を導入して排熱回収ボイラー16を設けると、黒液回収ボイラー13と排熱回収ボイラー16の2箇所で加熱蒸気を発生できる。2つの蒸気発生手段を備えているので、ガスタービン15または排熱回収ボイラー16が故障したり、定期検査を実施する場合は、黒液回収ボイラー13の蒸気を加熱源として製紙工場は運転することが可能で有る。
【0042】
2つの蒸気発生手段を備え、夫々の供給系統を連結して切替手段を設けることで、設備故障やメンテナンスなどを考慮した操業の安定化が図れる。例えば、排熱回収ボイラー16の蒸気系統に接続する箇所と蒸気タービン17への系統に、黒液回収ボイラー13からの流路を変更するための切替手段であるバルブ20,バルブ21を設けることが望ましい。また、黒液回収ボイラー13が故障するか定期検査を実施する場合には、排熱回収ボイラー16からの発生蒸気だけでは若干不足するので、稼働率を80%に低下すれば工場全体の運転継続が可能である。
【0043】
ガスタービン15を配置しない状態で、図1のプラントを運転する場合、蒸解釜5での反応時間だけで5〜6時間かかるので、最初に木材チップの投入を開始してから黒液回収ボイラー13の蒸気発生量が定格値になるまで1日近くかかる。したがって、黒液回収ボイラー13は、黒液以外の重油等で運転を行う必要が有る。黒液回収ボイラー13と蒸気タービン17の組み合わせにおける発電効率は30〜35%と低く、ガスタービン15と排熱回収ボイラー16の組み合わせと比較すると60〜70%ほどの効率に相当する。したがって、図1のプラントでは起動から安定状態になるまでは、ガスタービン15を運転して電力と加熱蒸気を得る方が、大幅にエネルギー効率が向上する。
【0044】
蒸気タービン17の効率は、発電容量が大きいほど向上する。これは効率低下の原因で有る容器壁への流動抵抗や、容器と蒸気タービン翼間の漏れの影響は、蒸気流量が小さいほど増大するためである。したがって、図1のように黒液回収ボイラー13で発生した蒸気を用いて蒸気タービン17を運転することで、発電効率が向上できる。黒液回収ボイラー13で発生した蒸気の全量を用いることが望ましい。
【0045】
以上のように、図1に示すようにガスタービン15を導入して、1)高効率のガスタービン利用によるプラント起動時のエネルギー効率向上、2)蒸気発生源が多重化することで機器故障及び定期検査時のプラント稼働の維持、3)流量増加による蒸気タービンの発電効率向上、4)再生エネルギー利用の明確化,電力量増加,その系統接続によるクレジット確保、の効果が有る。
【0046】
つまり、黒液を燃焼させて蒸気を発生させる第一の蒸気発生手段(黒液回収ボイラー13)を有する黒液利用発電システムにおいて、蒸気を発生させる第二の蒸気発生手段(蒸気を発生するボイラー又は排熱回収ボイラー16)を設け、黒液を濃縮するエバポレーター8等の生産過程で使用する加熱蒸気として第二の蒸気発生手段(蒸気を発生するボイラー又は排熱回収ボイラー16)で発生した蒸気を用いるよう構成し、第一の蒸気発生工程(黒液回収ボイラー13)で発生した蒸気を蒸気タービン17に供給するよう構成したことにより、黒液を利用した再生エネルギーの明確化及び発電効率向上が図れる。
【0047】
第二の蒸気発生手段(蒸気を発生するボイラー又は排熱回収ボイラー16)で発生した蒸気を製紙の生産過程の設備に供給し、生産過程での加熱蒸気として用いることで、第一の蒸気発生工程(黒液回収ボイラー13)で発生した蒸気を蒸気タービン17に供給することができる。
【0048】
また、黒液を燃焼させて蒸気を発生させる第一の蒸気発生工程(黒液回収ボイラー13による蒸気発生工程)を含む黒液利用発電方法において、ボイラーで蒸気を発生させる第二の蒸気発生工程(ボイラー又は排熱回収ボイラー16による蒸気発生工程)と、燃焼前に黒液を濃縮する黒液濃縮工程(エバポレーター8による濃縮工程)等の生産過程とを含み、該第二の蒸気発生工程で発生した蒸気を該濃縮工程等の生産過程の加熱蒸気として用い、第一の蒸気発生工程で発生した蒸気を蒸気タービン17に供給して発電することにより、黒液を利用した再生エネルギーの明確化及び発電効率向上が図れる。また、蒸気タービン17で発生した電力の少なくとも一部を送電系統に送電することで、再生エネルギー利用の明確化ができ、クレジット確保が可能となる。
【0049】
また、ガスタービン15によって発電された電力の少なくとも一部を製紙工場の生産工場内電力に利用することで、黒液利用による蒸気タービン17で発電した電力を送電系統に送電することが可能となる。
【0050】
更に、ガスタービン15によって発電された電力の少なくとも一部を製紙工場の生産工場内電力に利用し、黒液利用による蒸気タービン17で発電した電力を送電系統に送電することで、所内電力を適切に確保しつつ、再生エネルギー利用の明確化ができ、クレジット確保が可能となる。
【0051】
また、ガスタービン15の排熱回収ボイラー16による蒸気を紙の生産過程である黒液濃縮工程(エバポレーター8による濃縮工程)等の生産過程の加熱蒸気として用いるので、黒液回収ボイラー13が故障したりメンテナンスのため停止したとしても、紙の生産を継続することが可能となり操業の安定化が図れる。
【0052】
なお、本実施例は、既存の設備に簡易な改造を加えるだけで可能であるので改造性が容易である。
【0053】
(実施例2)
図1で配置したガスタービンの代わりに、ディーゼルエンジンやガスエンジン,ボイラー等を導入しても類似の効果が期待できる。その内で、天然ガス炊きのボイラーを導入した場合を図3に示す。図1と同一の機器は、同じ番号を付記する。
【0054】
天然ガス炊きボイラー22は同一の加熱蒸気を発生させるのに発生する二酸化炭素量が石炭を燃料源とする時の30%しかなく、地球温暖化対策上で優れた燃料源で有る。この天然ガス炊きボイラー22で製糸工場内の利用する低圧蒸気を216ton/h 発生させると同時に、黒液回収ボイラー13から発生する蒸気と同一条件の515℃,112ata の蒸気を570ton/h発生させる。216ton/hの低圧蒸気は、蒸解釜5と抄紙工程12,エバポレーター8での加熱蒸気として用いる。570ton/h発生する蒸気の内で、210ton/hは所内用蒸気タービン23に供給し、360ton/h を混合ヘッダー24で黒液を燃料として黒液回収ボイラー13で発生する蒸気と混合し、所外用蒸気タービン25に送る。所内用蒸気タービン23で紙の生産量が1500ton/day規模の製紙工場で必要な電力70MWが発電する。所外用蒸気タービン25では、合計720ton/hの蒸気を利用して240MWの発電を行い、送電系統を経由して売電する。混合ヘッダー24の前で、黒液回収ボイラー13と天然ガス炊きボイラー20からの蒸気流路に、それぞれ流量と温度,圧力を測定する計器26,27を設けて、所外用蒸気タービンで発生した電力量の内で、再生エネルギーで有る黒液を燃料源とする蒸気量を評価する。本実施例では新規にボイラーを導入することを想定したが、既に工場内に別目的でボイラーが有る場合に、配管構成を変更して図3と類似のシステムを構築すれば、同等の効果が生まれる。
【0055】
図3では黒液回収ボイラー13の燃料は全て黒液を用いているが、黒液の他に重油等を混合して燃焼させる場合には、黒液と重油の燃料系統それぞれに流量計を設けて、黒液回収ボイラー13で発生する蒸気の内で黒液を燃料とする割合を決める。図3の実施例において、系統に送電する電力の内で燃料源が複数有る場合に、再生エネルギーである黒液に依存する割合を決定することができる。
【0056】
以上のように、蒸気タービンを駆動する蒸気量の増加により発電効率を増加させるとともに、発電した電力を送電系統で搬送することで、国内外に対して再生エネルギーを起源とする電力量の増加を認定して貰える。
【0057】
(実施例3)
次に、図2のシステムを、図1のシステムに改造する改造方法について説明する。
【0058】
製紙工場の生産ラインに、第二の蒸気発生手段を新たに設ける。次に、第二の蒸気発生手段で発生する蒸気を生産過程の加熱蒸気として用いるよう改造する。
【0059】
例えば、第二の蒸気発生手段として、ボイラーを設置し、そのボイラーからの蒸気を、生産過程の1つであるエバポレーター8に供給するよう構成する。このように、簡易な設備の追加方法によって、容易に改造することが出来る。
【0060】
更に、図1や図3に示すようなシステムに必要な種々の部位を改造し、図1や図3に示すようなシステムを得ることが出来る。つまり、簡易な設備の追加による容易な改造方法によって、図1や図3に示すようなシステムを得ることが出来、経済性に優れたシステム構築が可能となる。
【0061】
【発明の効果】
本発明によると、黒液を利用した再生エネルギーの明確化及び発電効率向上が図れる黒液利用発電システム,黒液利用発電方法及び黒液利用発電システムの改造方法を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例を適用した製紙工場の機器構成。
【図2】製紙工場における生産工程を示す図。
【図3】本発明の一実施例を適用した製紙工場の機器構成。
【符号の説明】
1…チップサイロ、2…チップ予熱装置、3…自動原料供給装置、4…浸透ベッセル、5,31…蒸解釜、6…熱回収装置、7…密閉加圧型ドラム洗浄機、8,35…エバポレーター、9,33…スクリーン、10…中濃度ハイシェポンプ、11…漂白工程、12…抄紙工程、13,36…黒液回収ボイラー、14…回収工程、15…ガスタービン、16…排熱回収ボイラー、17…蒸気タービン、18…復水器、19…変圧器、20,21…バルブ、22…天然ガス炊きボイラー、23…所内用蒸気タービン、24…混合ヘッダー、25…所外用蒸気タービン、26,27…計器、32…洗浄工程、34…漂白設備、37…蒸気タービン。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a black liquor utilizing power generation system, a black liquor utilizing power generation method and a black liquor utilizing power generation system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An example of a power generation system including a black liquor recovery boiler that uses black liquor produced in the manufacturing process of a paper mill (pulp factory) as a fuel is Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-82002).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-82002
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In Patent Document 1, power generation efficiency by a black liquor recovery boiler, clarification of regenerative energy, and stabilization of operation of a production line of a paper mill are not considered.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide a black liquor-based power generation system, a black liquor-based power generation method, and a black liquor-based power generation system remodeling method that can clarify the regenerative energy using black liquor and improve power generation efficiency.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  Black liquor cycle that generates steam by burning black liquor produced in the process of producing paper from wood
A steam collecting boiler, a steam turbine driven by steam generated from the black liquor recovery boiler, and the steam turbine
A generator driven by a bin and steam from the black liquor recovery boiler or steam turbine
In a black liquor-based power generation system that uses as a heating steam in the production process,
  Established a gas turbine power generation facility that uses heavy oil, kerosene, or natural gas as a fuel source, equipped with an exhaust heat recovery boiler,
  The steam generated in the exhaust heat recovery boiler is configured to be used as heating steam in the production process,
  A steam system for supplying steam from the black liquor recovery boiler to the steam turbine and a steam system for supplying steam from the exhaust heat recovery boiler to the production process are connected, and the power of the generator is black liquor. A black liquor-utilizing power generation system comprising switching means for changing a steam flow path from the black liquor recovery boiler so that the power is clearly derived from the above.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
From the viewpoint of preventing global warming, in power generation facilities that use biomass such as thinned wood, which is a renewable energy, as a fuel source, an increase in power generation efficiency and an increase in power generation are desired. In Europe and the United States, biomass power generation facilities that use wood resources directly as fuel are rapidly increasing due to government policies that support the effective use of renewable energy, and the capacity of power generation facilities exceeds 17,000 MW. However, biomass resources contain about 50% moisture, and even if dried, about 20% moisture remains. Therefore, power generation efficiency is as low as 14 to 18%, and improvement in efficiency is desired.
[0008]
On the other hand, in Japan, where 70% of the country is mountainous, the cost of accumulating timber is high, so that biomass of forest resources is hardly used for power generation. For this reason, the utilization ratio of wood resources per 1 ha of forest is 1/3 to 1/4 of Sweden and Germany, and only about 1/3 of the annual growth of the forest is used. As a result, thinning operations cannot be carried out properly, and Japanese forests become overcrowded and lose their vitality. There is a need for a system that can generate thinned wood, a biomass fuel, with high efficiency and economical power generation.
[0009]
In response to such social demands, in June 2002, the “Special Measures Act on the Use of New Energy by Electric Power Companies” was enacted, and renewable energy originated from the power transferred through the power transmission system. Credits based on market trading were allowed for the amount of electricity generated. By effectively using credits for renewable energy, biomass resources can be utilized and vitality can be given to Japanese forests.
[0010]
Next, equipment for a paper production process and a paper production process in a paper mill will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows an outline of a pulp process and a recovery process in a paper production factory. Logs imported from abroad are cut into 3cm square chips by cutting the board and thinned timber and thinned timber, and carried into a chip factory storage location by paper truck. In wood, about 50% of pulp, which is a fiber used for paper manufacture, is present, and the remainder is lignin and hemicellulose that bind the pulp fibers together.
[0011]
In the first step of the pulp process, lignin and hemicellulose are extracted from the chips into the solution using an inorganic chemical solution in the digester 31. For inorganic chemicals, a mixture of 70% caustic soda and 30% sodium sulfide is used, and the reaction proceeds continuously in the process of flowing down in a vertical cylindrical container under a pressurized condition of 170 ° C. The digester 31 has a pulp production capacity of 1,200 to 1,600 tons / day and a volume of 2,000 m.ThreeIt is. In order to keep the digester 31 at a high temperature and a high pressure, 0.61 to 0.77 tons of heated steam is required to produce 1 ton of pulp depending on the type of tree. The slurry containing pulp that has flowed out of the digester 31 is sent to the next washing step 32.
[0012]
In the washing step 32, the slurry containing the pulp flowing out from the digester 31 is separated into a pulp and a solution by a multi-stage configuration of a pressure dephasor washer and an atmospheric pressure dephaser washer. This solution has a solid concentration of about 15% containing lignin and hemicellulose, is called black liquor, and is sent to the evaporator 35. The pulp is sent to the screen 33.
[0013]
On the screen 33, the pulp is lined up, the dust contained in the pulp and freshly boiled chips are removed, and only good pulp is sent to the next bleaching facility 34.
[0014]
In the bleaching facility 34, the pulp gradually increases in whiteness in a four-stage process. When the reaction is carried out in the digester so that the lignin is completely separated from the pulp, the pulp fibers are damaged. Therefore, since a little lignin remains in the pulp, the lignin is sent to the bleaching facility. Therefore, at the first stage of the bleaching facility 34, oxygen of about 1.5 to 2.1% of the pulp is added to remove the remaining lignin. Removal is performed at a temperature of 95 to 100 ° C. In order to produce oxygen to be added, a PSA type oxygen production facility is provided in the paper mill. The bleached pulp is sent to a papermaking process, and after being spread thinly, paper is produced by dehydration and drying.
[0015]
The black liquor produced in the previous washing step 32 is concentrated to a concentration capable of self-combustion by an evaporator 35 employing a multi-effect evaporator system, and then sent to the black liquor recovery boiler 36. In the multi-effect system, heated steam is used in the first stage, but by reducing the evaporation pressure for each stage, it is possible to concentrate with less steam by using the steam generated in the previous stage as a heating source in the subsequent concentration stages. I have to. By adopting a plate-type liquid film sulfidizing evaporator at the final stage of the evaporator, it is possible to concentrate to nearly 80%, which is close to the limit of fluidity. As a result, the black liquor maintains a high calorific value of 3000 Mcal / ton. The total calorific value of black liquor produced by all Japanese paper companies is 4.64 million kl per year in terms of oil.
[0016]
In the black liquor recovery boiler 36, by using a corrosion-resistant material for the superheated tube or the like, steam of 500 ° C. or more can be generated at 100 ata even under conditions containing SOx. As a result, the efficiency when the steam generated from the black liquor recovery boiler 36 is generated by the steam turbine 37 reaches 30 to 35%. This is a value almost twice that of the case where power is generated by directly burning biomass with a boiler. By generating electricity using black liquor from which about half of the wood components are extracted from lignin and hemicellulose, it is possible to obtain the same amount of power generation as when all of them are burned.
[0017]
However, smelt, which is a melt of inorganic chemicals supplied to the digester 31, remains at the bottom of the black liquor recovery boiler 36. When impurities are removed from the green liquor in which smelt is dissolved in water, quick lime is added, and sludge is removed with a lime breaker and white liquor setler, the green liquor becomes reusable white liquor and is sent to the digester 31 again. . If the sludge is baked in a lime kiln for several hours, it returns to the original quicklime.
[0018]
The steam generated in the black liquor recovery boiler 36 is used as a heating source in the digester 31, the evaporator 35, and the paper making process, and drives the steam turbine 37 to generate electricity. Examples of the heating steam required in the paper production process include the digester 31, the evaporator 35, and the paper making process.
[0019]
Since equipment in the paper production process uses electricity in various processes, electricity is purchased from the grid because the amount of electricity generated from the recovered boiler is insufficient. The amount of electricity purchased by the paper industry reached 10,979 GWh in 2001, representing 4% of the total industrial sector.
[0020]
Here, in the embodiment of the present invention, the following (1) to (3) are further considered.
[0021]
(1) To operate a paper mill, a large amount of heated steam is required in the production process, but after the operation is started, concentrated black liquor is generated and steam is obtained in the black liquor recovery boiler. It takes about 1 day before. During this time, it is necessary to operate the black liquor recovery boiler with heavy oil, etc., but the power generation efficiency of the black liquor recovery boiler is about 30-35%, so the combined cycle power generation efficiency of 50% combined gas turbine and steam turbine with the same heavy oil Energy loss is greater than
[0022]
(2) In order to be recognized as electric power originating from renewable energy that is recognized in the “Special Measures Law concerning the Use of New Energy by Electric Power Companies”, and effectively using electric power from renewable energy internationally. In order to recognize this effort, it is necessary to clarify that the power is derived from black liquor, transport it to the power system originating from black liquor, and measure the amount of power. Just using it as power in a production plant does not allow you to use renewable energy.
[0023]
(3) The digester, evaporator, and papermaking process, which are the main equipment in paper mills, require heated steam. When only the steam generated in the black liquor recovery boiler is used, if the black liquor recovery boiler fails even in a short time, it is necessary to stop the operation of the entire paper mill.
[0024]
In view of the above (1) to (3), a gas turbine, a diesel engine, or a gas engine is newly installed in a paper mill, and electricity is generated using heavy oil, kerosene, or natural gas as a fuel source, and operation in the paper mill To provide necessary power. Further, steam is generated by utilizing exhaust heat of high-temperature exhaust gas generated from a gas turbine or the like, and is used as heating steam used in a production process in a paper mill. As a result, most of the steam generated in the black liquor recovery boiler using black liquor as a fuel source can be used for power generation of the steam turbine, and the power generation amount can be increased. Further, steam can be generated by utilizing the exhaust heat of high-temperature exhaust gas generated from a gas turbine or the like and used for the production line, so that the operation of the entire paper mill can be stabilized. Furthermore, by newly providing a power generation facility, the amount of power generated from the steam turbine is measured and then sold to a general electric company or a specific electric company via a power transmission network. As a result, it is possible to clarify the amount of power generated using renewable energy as a fuel source.
[0025]
Example 1
A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. A 3cm square wood chip whose moisture content has been reduced to 20% by natural drying has an internal volume of 5000m.Three It is stored in the chip silo 1. The wood chip is gravity-dropped from the lower part of the chip silo 1 to the chip preheating device 2 by the action of the vibration device arranged in the chip silo 1. The chip preheating device 2 heats the wood chip by injecting heating steam generated in the pulp manufacturing process. The heated wood chip is supplied from the upper part to the permeation vessel 4 at a processing flow rate of 3800 ton / day by the automatic raw material supply device 3. In the osmosis vessel 4, the wood chips are impregnated with a 13% concentration cooking chemical solution in which caustic soda and sodium sulfide supplied from below are mixed at 7: 3. Here, 3800 tons of wood chips contain 800 tons of moisture, 1500 tons of pulp components, and 1500 tons as a total component of lignin and hemicellulose.
[0026]
Next, the mixture of the wood chips and the cooking chemical is supplied to the upper part of the digester 5 having an inner diameter of 6 m and a height of 55 m. The digester 5 is heated to a high temperature and high pressure condition of 170 ° C. and 7 ata by heat exchange with heating steam supplied from the outside. In the upper part of the digester 5, the mixed solution of wood chips and the cooking chemical solution is caused to flow down from the upper part in a co-current state to promote the mixing of the two. Lignin and hemicellulose contained in the wood chip start to dissolve in the cooking chemical, but the dissolution rate decreases as the concentration of lignin dissolved in the cooking chemical increases. Therefore, in order to improve the dissolution rate, a new cooking chemical solution is supplied from the lower part of the digester 5 to promote mixing in an alternating state with the flowing-down chips, so that the lignin and the like remaining on the wood chips are efficiently dissolved. . Pulp fibers and lignin contained in the wood chips are separated, and a slurry having a pulp concentration of about 10% is extracted from the central portion of the digester 5. In addition, the reaction time required for separating chips into insoluble component pulp, dissolved components lignin and hemicellulose in the digester 5 takes about 5 to 6 hours.
[0027]
Since the closed pressure type drum washer 7 in the subsequent washing process is operated at a low pressure, if the extracted slurry at 170 ° C. and 7 ata is supplied to the latter stage as it is, all the heat used for heating in the digester 5 is lost. Accordingly, the slurry is depressurized by the heat recovery device 6, and the generated steam is sent to the chip preheating device 2 to be used for heating the wood chips, and the heating steam necessary for heating up to 170 ° C. in the upper part of the digester 5. Reduce the amount. Even when heat is reused by using the heat recovery device 6, it is necessary to supply heating steam of 1100 ton / day from the outside to the digester 5 in order to process 3800 ton / day of wood chips.
[0028]
For cleaning the slurry depressurized by the heat recovery device 6, a closed pressure type drum washer 7 is used. When the slurry is supplied onto the rotating drum of the hermetic pressure type drum washer 7, the cooking chemical liquid containing lignin and the like and the pulp as the solid content are separated. Since a part of the cooking chemical remains attached to the pulp, the chemical is removed by washing the pulp in multiple stages with a cleaning liquid. Among the waste liquid discharged from the hermetic pressure type drum washer 7, the one having a high concentration of lignin and chemicals is called black liquid and is sent to the evaporator 8. Waste liquid with a low chemical concentration can be sent to a wastewater treatment facility to reduce BOD and COD and reuse as washing water.
[0029]
The pulp slurry transferred from the closed pressure drum washer 7 is first backed by a screen 9 to remove dust and freshly boiled chips contained in the pulp. A good pulp is transferred to the next bleaching step 11 at a concentration of about 10% by using a medium concentration high-shade pump 10. When the pulp has a medium concentration of about 10%, the pulp fibers are entangled with each other in a normal pump, making it difficult to transfer. In the medium concentration high-shade pump 10, a high shear force is applied to the slurry to form a network structure formed by the pulp fibers. By destroying it, pipe transportation is possible. By transferring the pulp at a high concentration of about 10%, the consumption of water added for transport is reduced.
[0030]
In the bleaching step 11, the bleaching treatment and the alkali treatment are repeated several times depending on the whiteness required for the final product paper. At the beginning of each stage, a chemical used in the previous stage is removed in a washing step, and then a new chemical is added and heated to a reaction temperature of 50 to 70 ° C. according to the chemical. The pulp slurry is supplied from the lower part of each reaction vessel, rises in the tower over 2 to 3 hours, and is discharged from the upper part. Since the reaction temperature in each reaction tower is low, warming is performed using warm water generated by waste heat from the papermaking process 12 or the like. From the bleaching step 11, the pulp is transferred to the next paper making step 12.
[0031]
The paper making process 12 includes a refiner, a wire part, a press part, a dryer part, and a reel part. The pulp is first mechanically beaten with a refiner to make the pulp surface fluffy. In the next wire part, the pulp is thinly spread on the net, and the moisture contained in the pulp is dropped by gravity in the process of moving on the wire to reduce the amount of moisture contained in the pulp. Since the pulp fiber still contains a large amount of moisture at the stage of exiting the wire part, the moisture contained in the pulp fiber is mechanically pushed out by pressing with metal rolls from both sides in the press part. However, the pulp still contains 56% moisture at the press part outlet. The next dryer part is heated with steam from the inside. By pressing the pulp against the surface of the metal cylindrical dryer, the pulp is dried to become paper. Since the moisture content is higher at the inlet of the dryer part than pulp, a heated steam amount of 1.7 tons is required to produce 1 ton of dried pulp. When processing 3800 ton / day wood chips, 2600 ton / day of heating steam is required, and the paper making process 12 is the largest steam consuming process in the paper mill. Since the steam obtained by drying the pulp with the dryer part becomes warm water, this warm water can be used effectively as a heating source for the bleaching step 11. The paper dried by the dryer part is wound around the spool by the reel part.
[0032]
Further, the black liquor having a concentration of 15% produced by the hermetic pressure type drum washer 7 generates 15,000 ton / day, contains about 5% of inorganic chemicals, and contains about 10% of flammable lignin and hemicellulose. In the present embodiment, the evaporator 8 adopting the multi-effect evaporator system reduces the necessary heating steam to 1/6 by the six-fold effect. As a result of such efforts to reduce the amount of steam used, the amount of heating steam required for the evaporator 8 is 1500 ton / day. As the heating steam, low pressure steam of 139 ° C. and 3.5 ata is employed in order to prevent the black liquor from burning on the heat transfer surface. The evaporator 8 employs a plate type liquid film flow down method that can concentrate up to 80%, which is the limit that can maintain the fluidity of black liquor, in each evaporator. When the black liquor is concentrated to 80%, it is inevitable that the solid content contained in the black liquor partially adheres to the heat transfer surface. Therefore, in each evaporator, the plate-type liquid film heat transfer tube is divided into three sections, the two sections are concentrated, and the first section is washed and switched.
[0033]
Since the black liquor concentrated to 80% has a calorific value of 3000 Mcal / ton, it can be sprayed into the air of the black liquor recovery boiler 13 with a pump and burned without a supplementary material. The black liquor recovery boiler 13 is equipped with a economizer, an evaporator, and a superheater. In a paper mill that processes wood chips at 3800 tons / day, black liquor is incinerated and high pressure steam at 515 ° C. and 112 ata is 8640 tons / day (360 tons). / H) is obtained. The waste gas from the black liquor recovery boiler 13 is cooled to 120 ° C. by a economizer and dust is removed by an electric dust collector. The waste gas is discharged from the chimney to the atmosphere by the action of the attraction fan after measuring that the concentration of impurities contained is below a predetermined value. The lignin and hemicellulose contained in the black liquor in the black liquor recovery boiler 13 are burned with air to form carbon dioxide and released from the chimney, and the nonflammable inorganic chemical components contained in the black liquor are smelted as black liquor recovery boiler. 13 is deposited as a melt at the bottom.
[0034]
When the liquid level of the smelt melt existing below the black liquor recovery boiler 13 exceeds the set value, the lower valve of the black liquor recovery boiler 13 is opened to discharge the smelt. When water is added, the smelt dissolves into a green liquor and is transferred to the recovery step 14.
[0035]
The recovery process 14 includes a green liquor settler, a causticizing tank, a white liquor settler, and a lime kiln. First, insoluble components such as unburned ash are settled and separated with a green liquor settler. By adding quick lime to the green liquor from which impurities have been removed in the next causticizing tank, it returns to the white liquor that is the original cooking chemical, and the quick lime becomes lime mud. The white liquor settler that separates the lime mud from the white liquor is separated from the lime mud by rotating a disk with a filter cloth in the pressurized white liquor settler and passing the filter cloth by the pressure difference. The lime mud remaining on the filter cloth is scraped off by a blade and concentrated to a high concentration of 80%. This highly concentrated lime mud is sent to a lime kiln and baked at a high temperature over several hours to return to quick lime. This quicklime is used in a causticizing tank. The amount of white liquor regenerated in the recovery process is 4500mThree/ Day.
[0036]
The amount of electric power required to operate a paper mill of 3800 tons / day with wood chips and 1500 tons / day for making paper products is 70 MW, and the amount of heating steam is 5200 tons / day (216 tons / h).
[0037]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, a second steam generating means of a different system from the black liquor recovery boiler 13 (first steam generating means) is provided. A gas turbine 15 having an electrical output of 70 MW is installed in the factory, and an exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 is provided at the gas turbine outlet. That is, the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 is provided as the second steam generation means. A normal boiler that generates steam may be provided.
[0038]
The exhaust gas flow rate of the 70 MW gas turbine is 200 kg / s, and the exhaust gas temperature at the gas turbine outlet is 600 ° C. Therefore, if the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 recovers heat until the exhaust gas temperature at the outlet reaches 80 ° C., 160 ° C. saturated steam can be generated at 160 ton / h, and 74% of the required amount of heated steam 216 ton / h in the entire paper mill. I can cover it. Therefore, high-pressure steam generated from the black liquor recovery boiler 13 and having a flow rate of 360 ton / h at 515 ° C. and 112 ata can be supplied to the steam turbine 17. At that time, it is desirable to supply the entire amount of the steam to the steam turbine 17.
[0039]
Within 360 ton / h, the steam amount 56 ton / h which is insufficient with only the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 of the gas turbine 15 is extracted from the middle of the steam turbine 17, and the steam from the middle stage of the steam turbine 17 is heated in the production process. Steam may be supplied to the evaporator 8 or the like. The pressure at the time of extracting from the steam turbine 17 is 3.5 ata which is necessary for the evaporator 8, and the remaining 304 ton / h of steam not extracted is condensed by the condenser 18 and pressurized by the high pressure pump. The waste heat from the process is used for heating and then returned to the black liquor recovery boiler 13. Since most of the steam generated in the black liquor recovery boiler 13 can be used for power generation in the steam turbine 17, the power generation amount of the steam turbine 17 becomes 113 MW when the power generation efficiency is 0.9, and the power generation amount increases. That is, since the second steam generating means is provided separately from the black liquor recovery boiler 13 (first steam generating means), the second steam generating means covers the heating steam required in the production process, The steam generated in the recovery boiler 13 can be appropriately used for power generation in the steam turbine 17, it is possible to clarify that the power generation uses black liquor, and the power generation efficiency in the steam turbine 17 can be improved. It becomes possible. Further, the steam amount 56 ton / h which is insufficient with only the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 of the gas turbine 15 may be supplemented with steam generated in the black liquor recovery boiler 13.
[0040]
At least part of the electric power generated by the generator of the steam turbine 17 is transmitted to the power transmission system. Considering the benefits of using renewable energy, it is desirable to transmit almost all of this power to the transmission system. The amount of power generated by this steam turbine is increased to 22 kV with the transformer 19 after measuring the amount of power, and sold to a general electric power company or a specific electric power company through a power transmission system, or another factory belonging to the same company. It is used by transmitting power to. All the electric power carried by the power transmission system uses black liquor, which is renewable energy, as the fuel source, so all renewable energy credits allowed by law are allowed.
[0041]
When the gas turbine 15 is introduced and the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 is provided, heated steam can be generated at two locations of the black liquor recovery boiler 13 and the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16. Since the two steam generating means are provided, when the gas turbine 15 or the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 breaks down or the periodic inspection is performed, the paper mill should be operated with the steam of the black liquor recovery boiler 13 as a heating source. Is possible.
[0042]
By providing two steam generating means and connecting the respective supply systems to provide the switching means, it is possible to stabilize the operation in consideration of equipment failure, maintenance and the like. For example, a valve 20 and a valve 21, which are switching means for changing the flow path from the black liquor recovery boiler 13, may be provided at a location connected to the steam system of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 and the system to the steam turbine 17. desirable. In addition, when the black liquor recovery boiler 13 breaks down and the periodic inspection is carried out, the steam generated from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 is slightly insufficient, so if the operating rate is reduced to 80%, the operation of the entire factory continues. Is possible.
[0043]
When the plant of FIG. 1 is operated without the gas turbine 15 being disposed, the reaction time in the digester 5 alone takes 5 to 6 hours, so the black liquor recovery boiler 13 is started after the start of the introduction of the wood chips for the first time. It takes almost one day until the amount of steam generated reaches the rated value. Accordingly, the black liquor recovery boiler 13 needs to be operated with heavy oil other than black liquor. The power generation efficiency in the combination of the black liquor recovery boiler 13 and the steam turbine 17 is as low as 30 to 35%, which corresponds to an efficiency of about 60 to 70% as compared with the combination of the gas turbine 15 and the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16. Therefore, in the plant of FIG. 1, the energy efficiency is greatly improved by operating the gas turbine 15 to obtain electric power and heating steam from the start to the stable state.
[0044]
The efficiency of the steam turbine 17 increases as the power generation capacity increases. This is because the flow resistance to the vessel wall, which is the cause of the efficiency reduction, and the influence of leakage between the vessel and the steam turbine blade increase as the steam flow rate decreases. Therefore, the power generation efficiency can be improved by operating the steam turbine 17 using the steam generated in the black liquor recovery boiler 13 as shown in FIG. It is desirable to use the total amount of steam generated in the black liquor recovery boiler 13.
[0045]
As described above, the gas turbine 15 is introduced as shown in FIG. 1, and 1) energy efficiency is improved at the time of plant start-up by using a high-efficiency gas turbine, and 2) equipment failures occur due to multiplexing of steam generation sources. It has the effects of maintaining plant operation during periodic inspections, 3) improving the power generation efficiency of steam turbines by increasing the flow rate, 4) clarifying the use of renewable energy, increasing the amount of electric power, and securing credits by connecting the grid.
[0046]
That is, in the black liquor utilization power generation system having the first steam generating means (black liquor recovery boiler 13) for burning the black liquor and generating steam, the second steam generating means (boiler generating steam) for generating steam. Alternatively, steam generated in the second steam generating means (boiler generating steam or exhaust heat recovery boiler 16) as heating steam used in the production process of the evaporator 8 or the like provided with the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16) and concentrating black liquor And the steam generated in the first steam generation step (black liquor recovery boiler 13) is supplied to the steam turbine 17, thereby clarifying the regenerative energy using black liquor and improving the power generation efficiency. Can be planned.
[0047]
The steam generated by the second steam generating means (boiler generating steam or exhaust heat recovery boiler 16) is supplied to equipment in the paper production process and used as heating steam in the production process, thereby generating the first steam. Steam generated in the process (black liquor recovery boiler 13) can be supplied to the steam turbine 17.
[0048]
Moreover, in the black liquor utilizing power generation method including the first steam generation process (steam generation process by the black liquid recovery boiler 13) for burning the black liquor to generate steam, the second steam generation process for generating steam by the boiler. (A steam generation step by the boiler or the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16) and a production process such as a black liquor concentration step (concentration step by the evaporator 8) for concentrating the black liquor before combustion, and the second steam generation step Clarification of regenerative energy using black liquor by using the generated steam as heating steam in the production process such as the concentration process and supplying the steam generated in the first steam generation process to the steam turbine 17 to generate electricity. In addition, power generation efficiency can be improved. Further, by transmitting at least a part of the electric power generated in the steam turbine 17 to the power transmission system, it is possible to clarify the use of renewable energy and secure credit.
[0049]
Further, by using at least a part of the electric power generated by the gas turbine 15 as the electric power in the production factory of the paper mill, the electric power generated by the steam turbine 17 using black liquor can be transmitted to the transmission system. .
[0050]
Furthermore, at least a part of the power generated by the gas turbine 15 is used as power in the production factory of the paper mill, and the power generated by the steam turbine 17 using black liquor is transmitted to the power transmission system so that the power in the station is appropriately In addition, the use of renewable energy can be clarified and credits can be secured.
[0051]
Further, since the steam from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 of the gas turbine 15 is used as heating steam in the production process such as the black liquor concentration process (concentration process by the evaporator 8), which is the paper production process, the black liquor recovery boiler 13 breaks down. Even if it is stopped for maintenance, paper production can be continued and the operation can be stabilized.
[0052]
Note that this embodiment can be easily modified by simply modifying the existing equipment.
[0053]
(Example 2)
Similar effects can be expected when a diesel engine, a gas engine, a boiler, or the like is introduced instead of the gas turbine arranged in FIG. Among them, FIG. 3 shows a case where a boiler for cooking natural gas is introduced. The same devices as those shown in FIG.
[0054]
The natural gas-fired boiler 22 has only 30% of the amount of carbon dioxide generated to generate the same heating steam when coal is used as a fuel source, and is an excellent fuel source in terms of measures against global warming. The natural gas cooking boiler 22 generates 216 ton / h of low-pressure steam to be used in the yarn factory, and at the same time, generates 570 ton / h of steam at 515 ° C. and 112 ata under the same conditions as the steam generated from the black liquor recovery boiler 13. The low pressure steam of 216 ton / h is used as heating steam in the digester 5, the paper making process 12, and the evaporator 8. Of the steam generated at 570 ton / h, 210 ton / h is supplied to the in-house steam turbine 23 and 360 ton / h is mixed with the steam generated at the black liquor recovery boiler 13 using the black liquor as fuel at the mixing header 24. It is sent to the external steam turbine 25. The in-house steam turbine 23 generates 70 MW of electric power required in a paper mill with a paper production volume of 1500 tons / day. The outdoor steam turbine 25 generates 240 MW using a total of 720 ton / h of steam, and sells the power via the power transmission system. In front of the mixing header 24, meters 26 and 27 for measuring the flow rate, temperature and pressure are provided in the steam flow paths from the black liquor recovery boiler 13 and the natural gas cooking boiler 20, respectively, and the electric power generated by the outdoor steam turbine. Of the amount, the amount of steam using black liquor, which is a renewable energy, as a fuel source is evaluated. In this embodiment, it is assumed that a new boiler is introduced. However, if there is a boiler for another purpose in the factory, the same effect can be obtained by changing the piping configuration and constructing a system similar to FIG. to be born.
[0055]
In FIG. 3, the black liquor recovery boiler 13 uses black liquor as a fuel. However, in the case where heavy oil or the like is mixed and burned in addition to black liquor, a flow meter is provided for each of the black liquor and heavy oil fuel systems. Thus, the ratio of the black liquor used as fuel in the steam generated in the black liquor recovery boiler 13 is determined. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, when there are a plurality of fuel sources in the electric power transmitted to the system, the ratio depending on the black liquor that is the regenerative energy can be determined.
[0056]
As described above, the power generation efficiency is increased by increasing the amount of steam that drives the steam turbine, and the generated power is transported through the power transmission system to increase the amount of power originating from renewable energy in Japan and overseas. Get certified.
[0057]
(Example 3)
Next, a modification method for modifying the system of FIG. 2 into the system of FIG. 1 will be described.
[0058]
A second steam generation means will be newly installed in the production line of the paper mill. Next, the steam generated by the second steam generating means is modified to be used as heating steam in the production process.
[0059]
For example, a boiler is installed as the second steam generating means, and the steam from the boiler is supplied to the evaporator 8 which is one of the production processes. Thus, it can be easily modified by a simple method of adding equipment.
[0060]
Furthermore, various parts necessary for the system as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 can be modified to obtain the system as shown in FIGS. That is, a system as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 can be obtained by an easy remodeling method by adding a simple facility, and a system construction excellent in economic efficiency can be achieved.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the black liquor utilization power generation system, the black liquor utilization power generation method, and the remodeling method of a black liquor utilization power generation system which can clarify the regeneration energy using black liquor and can improve a power generation efficiency can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a paper mill to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a production process in a paper mill.
FIG. 3 shows the equipment configuration of a paper mill to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Chip silo, 2 ... Chip preheating apparatus, 3 ... Automatic raw material supply apparatus, 4 ... Osmosis vessel, 5,31 ... Digestion vessel, 6 ... Heat recovery apparatus, 7 ... Sealing pressurization type drum washing machine, 8, 35 ... Evaporator , 9, 33 ... Screen, 10 ... Medium density high-shade pump, 11 ... Bleaching step, 12 ... Papermaking step, 13, 36 ... Black liquor recovery boiler, 14 ... Recovery step, 15 ... Gas turbine, 16 ... Waste heat recovery boiler, 17 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Steam turbine, 18 ... Condenser, 19 ... Transformer, 20, 21 ... Valve, 22 ... Natural gas boiler, 23 ... In-house steam turbine, 24 ... Mixed header, 25 ... Outside steam turbine, 26, 27 ... instrument, 32 ... cleaning process, 34 ... bleaching equipment, 37 ... steam turbine.

Claims (5)

木材から紙を生産する生産過程で生成される黒液を燃焼させて蒸気を発生させる黒液回収ボイラーと、該黒液回収ボイラーからの発生蒸気で駆動する蒸気タービンと、該蒸気タービンによって駆動される発電機と、該黒液回収ボイラー又は該蒸気タービンからの蒸気を該生産過程の加熱蒸気として利用する黒液利用発電システムにおいて、A black liquor recovery boiler that generates steam by burning black liquor produced in the production process of producing paper from wood, a steam turbine that is driven by the steam generated from the black liquor recovery boiler, and that is driven by the steam turbine A black liquor power generation system using steam from the black liquor recovery boiler or steam turbine as heating steam in the production process,
排熱回収ボイラーを備えた重油,灯油または天然ガスを燃料源とするガスタービン発電設備を設け、Established a gas turbine power generation facility that uses heavy oil, kerosene, or natural gas as a fuel source with a waste heat recovery boiler
該排熱回収ボイラーで発生する蒸気を該生産過程の加熱蒸気として用いるよう構成し、The steam generated in the exhaust heat recovery boiler is configured to be used as heating steam in the production process,
前記黒液回収ボイラーから前記蒸気タービンへ蒸気を供給する蒸気系統と、前記排熱回収ボイラーから前記生産過程へ蒸気を供給する蒸気系統とを連結して構成し、前記発電機の電力が黒液を起源とする電力であることが明確になるように前記黒液回収ボイラーからの蒸気流路を変更する切替手段を設けて構成したことを特徴とする黒液利用発電システム。A steam system for supplying steam from the black liquor recovery boiler to the steam turbine and a steam system for supplying steam from the exhaust heat recovery boiler to the production process are connected, and the power of the generator is black liquor. A black liquor-utilizing power generation system comprising switching means for changing a steam flow path from the black liquor recovery boiler so that the power is clearly derived from the above.
請求項1に記載の黒液利用発電システムにおいて、In the black liquor power generation system according to claim 1,
前記ガスタービン発電設備で発生した電力の少なくとも一部を、木材から紙を生産する生産工場内電力として使用するよう構成したことを特徴とする黒液利用の発電システム。A black liquor-based power generation system configured to use at least a part of the power generated in the gas turbine power generation facility as power in a production factory for producing paper from wood.
木材から紙を生産する生産過程で生成される黒液を燃焼させて蒸気を黒液回収ボイラーにより発生させる第一の蒸気発生工程と、該第一の蒸気発生工程で発生した蒸気を蒸気タービンに供給して該蒸気タービンによって発電機を駆動する工程とを含む黒液利用発電方法において、A first steam generation process in which black liquor generated in the production process of producing paper from wood is burned and steam is generated by a black liquor recovery boiler, and steam generated in the first steam generation process is supplied to a steam turbine. A black liquor utilizing power generation method including a step of supplying and driving a generator by the steam turbine,
重油,灯油または天然ガスを燃料源とするガスタービン発電設備の排熱回収ボイラーにより蒸気を発生させる第二の蒸気発生工程と、該第二の蒸気発生工程で発生した蒸気を前記生産過程の加熱蒸気として用いるように前記生産過程の設備に供給する工程とを含み、A second steam generation step in which steam is generated by an exhaust heat recovery boiler of a gas turbine power generation facility using heavy oil, kerosene or natural gas as a fuel source, and the steam generated in the second steam generation step is heated in the production process Supplying to the production process equipment for use as steam,
前記第一の蒸気発生手段から前記蒸気タービンへ蒸気を供給する蒸気系統と該第二の蒸気発生手段から前記生産過程へ蒸気を供給する蒸気系統とを連結して構成される蒸気系統の蒸気流路を変更するための切り替え手段により、前記発電機の電力が黒液を起源とする電力であることが明確になるように蒸気流路を変更して発電機を駆動する工程とを有することを特徴とする黒液利用発電方法。Steam flow of a steam system configured by connecting a steam system for supplying steam from the first steam generating means to the steam turbine and a steam system for supplying steam from the second steam generating means to the production process And a step of driving the generator by changing the steam flow path so that it becomes clear that the power of the generator is power originating from black liquor by the switching means for changing the path. A black liquor utilizing power generation method.
請求項3に記載の黒液利用発電方法において、In the black liquor utilization electric power generation method of Claim 3,
前記ガスタービン発電設備で発生した電力の少なくとも一部を、木材から紙を生産する生産工場内電力として使用するよう生産工場内に供給することを特徴とする黒液利用発電方法。A black liquor-based power generation method, characterized in that at least a part of the electric power generated in the gas turbine power generation facility is supplied into a production factory so as to be used as power in the production factory for producing paper from wood.
木材から紙を生産する生産過程で生成される黒液を燃焼させて蒸気を発生させ、その発生した蒸気を供給する蒸気タービンを有する黒液利用発電システムの改造方法において、In a remodeling method of a black liquor-based power generation system having a steam turbine that generates steam by burning black liquor generated in the production process of producing paper from wood, and supplying the generated steam,
排熱回収ボイラーを備えた重油,灯油または天然ガスを燃料源とするガスタービン発電設備を新たに設置し、該排熱回収ボイラーで発生する蒸気を前記生産過程の加熱蒸気として用いるよう改造し、A gas turbine power generation facility that uses heavy oil, kerosene, or natural gas as a fuel source with a waste heat recovery boiler is newly installed, and the steam generated in the waste heat recovery boiler is modified to be used as heating steam in the production process,
前記黒液を燃焼させて蒸気を発生させる蒸気発生手段から前記蒸気タービンへ蒸気を供給する蒸気系統と、前記排熱回収ボイラーから前記生産過程へ蒸気を供給する蒸気系統とを連結して構成し、前記発電機の電力が黒液を起源とする電力であることが明確になるように蒸気流路を変更するための切替手段を設けて構成することを特徴とする黒液利用発電システムの改造方法。A steam system for supplying steam to the steam turbine from steam generating means for burning the black liquor to generate steam and a steam system for supplying steam to the production process from the exhaust heat recovery boiler are connected to each other. A modification of the black liquor-based power generation system, characterized by comprising switching means for changing the steam flow path so that the power of the generator is clearly derived from black liquor Method.
JP2003064321A 2003-03-11 2003-03-11 Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method Expired - Fee Related JP4019982B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003064321A JP4019982B2 (en) 2003-03-11 2003-03-11 Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003064321A JP4019982B2 (en) 2003-03-11 2003-03-11 Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2007117925A Division JP2007198390A (en) 2007-04-27 2007-04-27 Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004270600A JP2004270600A (en) 2004-09-30
JP4019982B2 true JP4019982B2 (en) 2007-12-12

Family

ID=33125638

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003064321A Expired - Fee Related JP4019982B2 (en) 2003-03-11 2003-03-11 Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4019982B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5999869B2 (en) * 2010-10-14 2016-09-28 吉田 豊 Power generation system
US8783037B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2014-07-22 Ichiroku HAYASHI Electricity-generating system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH086887B2 (en) * 1992-08-31 1996-01-29 川崎重工業株式会社 Gas turbine exhaust gas recovery recovery boiler power plant
JP3197165B2 (en) * 1994-09-26 2001-08-13 株式会社東芝 Optimal operation system for power plants
JPH09179604A (en) * 1995-09-13 1997-07-11 Toshiba Corp System and method for controlling operation of plant
JPH11153041A (en) * 1997-11-19 1999-06-08 Toshiba Eng & Constr Co Ltd Gas turbine system
ES2433687T3 (en) * 2001-05-29 2013-12-12 Andritz Oy Method and arrangement to produce electricity in a pulp mill

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004270600A (en) 2004-09-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Onarheim et al. Performance and costs of CCS in the pulp and paper industry part 1: Performance of amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture
Martin et al. Opportunities to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the US pulp and paper industry
KR101422430B1 (en) Hybrid biomass process with reheat cycle
CN202865076U (en) Biomass sludge treatment system
Holmqvist et al. Ultrafiltration of kraft black liquor from two Swedish pulp mills
FI91172B (en) Ways to recycle energy and chemicals in pulping processes
JP5734572B2 (en) Steam generation in chemical pulp mill digester plant.
CN105129746B (en) A kind of method of clean manufacturing food additives sulfuric acid
JPH07507333A (en) Coal selection method for gas, steam and combination processes
Tran et al. Advances in the Kraft chemical recovery process
US5201172A (en) Method for treating black liquor
JP4019982B2 (en) Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method
JPH07502574A (en) How to recover energy from pulp processing waste
Kong Emerging energy-efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation technologies for the pulp and paper industry
CN110822437B (en) Waste incineration power generation system and method
RU2314378C2 (en) Heat and electric power producing method and plant
JP2007198390A (en) Black liquor power generation system, black liquor power generation method, and black liquor power generation system remodeling method
Bood et al. Energy Analysis of Hemicellulose Extraction at a Softwood Kraft Pulp Mill-Case Study of Södra Cell Värö
JP4313257B2 (en) Black liquor power generation system and control method thereof
CN211694839U (en) Waste incineration power generation system with biogas superheater
CN210662331U (en) Low-loss steam and water recovery system
US4668341A (en) Method and apparatus for producing mechanical pulp with a steam turbine driven refiner
Vakkilainen Recovery boilers-history and future
Hamaguchi et al. The impact of lignin removal on the dimensioning of eucalyptus pulp mills
Oliveira Junior Exergy and environmental analysis of black liquor upgraded gasification in an integrated kraft pulp and ammonia production plant

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20060228

RD01 Notification of change of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7421

Effective date: 20060420

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20060912

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20061113

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20070227

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20070427

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20070904

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20070917

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101005

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101005

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111005

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121005

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121005

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131005

Year of fee payment: 6

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees