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JP4020201B2 - Power system supply reliability evaluation method and apparatus - Google Patents
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JP4020201B2 - Power system supply reliability evaluation method and apparatus - Google Patents

Power system supply reliability evaluation method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP4020201B2
JP4020201B2 JP2003027986A JP2003027986A JP4020201B2 JP 4020201 B2 JP4020201 B2 JP 4020201B2 JP 2003027986 A JP2003027986 A JP 2003027986A JP 2003027986 A JP2003027986 A JP 2003027986A JP 4020201 B2 JP4020201 B2 JP 4020201B2
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evaluation
system configuration
power
supply
reliability
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JP2004242411A (en
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和久 佐藤
裕子 得能
泰弘 林
純也 松木
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University of Fukui NUC
Tokyo Electric Power Co Holdings Inc
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Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc
University of Fukui NUC
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電力系統計画支援システムに係わり、特に地方供給系統構成の評価方法とその装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電力自由化などの電力を取り巻く環境の変化に伴い、電力市場での競争が本格化する中で、既設設備の徹底活用と一層のコストダウンが求められている。
より合理的な設備形成を推進していくためには、電力系統の供給信頼度評価がますます重要になっている。
【0003】
電力系統の中で、地方供給系統においては、送電線両端を開閉器を介して異なる電源変電所に連系しているケースがあり、そのため、実規模系統では多くの電力供給の系統候補が存在する。地方供給系統の供給信頼度を評価する際には、評価の対象となる多数の系統構成候補をどのように扱い、さらには、それらを確定論的に、確率論的にどのように評価するかが重要なポイントとなる。
【0004】
非特許文献には、供給信頼度評価における確定論的手法と確率論的手法の長所に着目し、そられの融合に基づく供給信頼度評価手法が提案されている。
この文献によると、地方供給系統の供給信頼度を論議する際には、大きく分けて二つの考え方がある。その1つは、確定論に基づくものであり、他の1つは、確率論に基づくものである。両者の大きな違いは、「設備事故」と「需要変動」に対する考え方である。
【0005】
確定論的手法では、夏季ピーク(1断面)での任意の単一設備事故時に、一段負荷切替えや切替先過負荷許容等によって供給支障電力(MW)を解消できるかどうか(n−1基準)で、供給信頼度を定性的に評価している。
一方、確率論的手法では、年間の負荷持続曲線に対し、各設備の事故発生率を考慮した供給支障電力量(期待値)によって供給信頼度を定量的に評価している。これら各手法は、それぞれ固有の特徴を有しているが、構成に対するn−1基準評価の容易さ等から、一般には確定論的手法が使用されている場合が多い。
【0006】
ところで、ある一つの系統構成の供給信頼度を評価する場合には、事故確率や需要変動を考慮している点で、確率論的手法の方が現実的である。しかしながら、地方供給系統では採択可能な電力供給のための系統構成候補数が遮断器のオンオフの組み合わせにより非常に多くなるため、すべての構成候補の供給信頼度を確率論的手法で評価することは、計算時間の点で実用的ではない。
また、確定論的手法では、系統構成の組み合わせの中からn−1基準を満たす構成を比較的高速に算出できるが、事故確率を考慮せずに時間断面を1断面に限定しているため、評価が現実性を欠いた局所的なものとなってしまう。
【0007】
非特許文献は、これらの点を考慮して、確定論と確率論のそれぞれの長所を生かした供給信頼度評価方法を提案したものである。
すなわち、全ての系統構成候補の中から、n−1基準を満たす構成だけを確定論的手法により抽出し、それらの構成候補に対して設備事故率と複数断面を考慮した供給支障量の期待値を確率論的手法で算出したものである。
【0008】
【非特許文献】
林、松木、得能「確定論と確率論を融合した地方供給系統の供給信頼度評価に関する基礎的研究」平成13年電気学会電力・エネルギー部門大会,279,2001
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
非特許文献においては、夏季ピークでの供給支障電力の解消が保証される(n−1基準を満たす)構成の中で、停電時間期待値が最小となる系統構成が選択できる利点は有しているが、確率論的手法の中で評価値として定義しているものは、停電時間期待値のみである。
更なる投資抑制、既設設備の活用を進めるためにも、投資抑制と供給信頼度の関係、供給信頼度が地域、需要家に与える影響、稼働率向上による投資抑制効果を多面的に、更には多目的に定量評価することが要望されている。
このような、より合理的な設備形成を推進するためには、系統構成を様々な切り口から評価することが重要となってくる。
【0010】
本発明は、このような点に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的とするところは、上記した供給信頼度の他に、更に設備稼働率や送電損失を加えて最適系統構成を決定し、評価の信頼度を向上した地方供給系統構成の評価方法とその装置を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の第1は、電力系統設備の複数の系統構成を、確定論的手法と確率論的手法とを用いて供給信頼度を評価するものにおいて、
前記複数の系統構成の中から健全時に電力供給に支障がなく、且つ、想定事故時に電力供給に支障が生じない系統構成候補を選択する選択手段と、この選択手段によって選択された系統構成候補の停電時間期待値、設備稼働率乖離度及び送電損失をそれぞれ算出する評価値算出手段を設け、この評価値算出手段によって求められた三つの評価値に基づき評価ベクトルを作成し、この評価ベクトルによって電力供給系統の供給信頼度を評価することを特徴としたものである。
【0012】
本発明の第2は、前記選択手段は、設備稼働率乖離度が小さいもので、且つ、系統健全時からの系統構成変更が少ない事故時最適の系統構成を算出することを特徴としたものである。
【0013】
本発明の第3は、前記評価値算出手段は、選択された系統構成候補の中から送電損失が小さいものを選択することを特徴としたものである。
【0014】
本発明第4は、前記選択手段の選択演算時に、落雷故障確率、地域需要を含む条件が設定されたことを特徴としたものである。
【0015】
本発明の第5は、前記評価値算出手段にて選択された構成候補に対し、設備稼働率向上効果や停電影響を考慮した信頼度、設備投資費用、設備稼働率乖離度の多面的評価に基づく多目的評価を判別することを特徴としたものである。
【0016】
本発明の第6は、電力系統情報と地域特性をデータベースとして記憶部に記憶し、このデータベースを用いて電力供給の複数系統構成を、確定論的手法と確率論的手法とを用いて系統構成候補の供給信頼度を評価する装置において、
前記記憶部から読み込んだデータ及び設定された制約条件に基づき演算して系統構成候補を評価する系統構成評価手段と、この系統構成評価手段により評価された構成候補に対して設備健全時、設備故障時及び設備稼働率乖離度の各制約条件が成立するか否かを判断し、不成立時には制約条件の再設定に移行する制約条件判定手段と、この制約条件判定手段での制約条件成立時に目的関数最小評価の構成候補中より最適な系統構成を作成する系統構成候補作成手段と、作成された系統構成候補に対して停電時間期待値を算出し評価する確率論的信頼度評価手段と、この確率論的信頼度評価手段から得られた評価値と送電損失、設備稼働率乖離度をもとに構成候補の評価ベクトルを作成する評価ベクトル作成部とを備えたことを特徴としたものである。
【0017】
本発明の第7は、前記評価ベクトル作成部の作成ベクトルによって選択された系統構成に対して多目的評価を判断する多目的評価部を備えたことを特徴としたものである。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
図2は、実規模系統モデルを示す系統構成図で、この系統モデルは、例えば電源変電所数は1〜12で示す12個、線路数e1〜e95で示す95個、系統構成候補の総数295(=約39×1027)個存在するもので、本発明では、この実規模系統モデルに対して、(1)供給信頼度(停電時間期待値)、(2)設備稼働率(設備稼働率乖離度)、(3)送電損失の三つの観点から、図1で示すように系統構成候補を多面的に評価するものである。ただし、実規模系統では、系統構成候補が膨大となるため、全ての構成候補に対して三つの評価値を算出することは、計算時間が長くなって現実的ではない。
【0019】
そこで、まず、(1)の停電時間期待値を評価する際に、非特許文献で提案されている確定論と確率論とを融合した供給信頼度評価手法を用いて系統構成候補を絞り込む。
すなわち、図1で示すように、ステップS1では多数の構成候補1〜Nの中から確定論的評価手法を用いて、健全時に供給支障が生じない構成候補を選択し、更に、設備稼働率乖離度の小さいものを選択して構成候補2,4,jを絞り込む。次いで、ステップS2では、同様の確定論的評価手法を用いて、n−1想定事故時における系統操作時に供給支障が発生せず、且つ、健全時からの構成変更の少ない事故時最適の系統構成候補を選択する。その結果の構成候補2,4,jは、事故時最適候補となっている。
なお、ステップS1では設備稼働率乖離度の小さいものを選択し、S2では想定事故時に供給支障が発生せず、且つ、健全時からの構成変更が少なくなる事故時最適の系統構成候補を算出することにより、候補系統への切替えが速まる効果がある。
【0020】
ステップS3では、確率論的手法を用いて選択された構成候補に対する停電時間期待値を算出する。この停電時間期待値E(分/年)は(1)式によって算出する。
【0021】
【数1】

Figure 0004020201
【0022】
ステップS4では構成候補の送電損失を算出するが、その算出は(2)式,(3)式に基づいて行われる。(2)式は健全時の総送電損失であり、変電所iと連系線負荷jとの間の送電損失LOSSijは(3)式に基づいて算出される。
【0023】
【数2】
Figure 0004020201
【0024】
【数3】
Figure 0004020201
【0025】
続いてステップS5では、絞り込まれた系統構成候補2、4、jに対して、前記(2)の設備稼働率乖離度を算出するが、上限値を超過しないという制約を満たす系統構成候補だけをさらに絞り込む。設備稼働率乖離度は(4)式に基づいて算出される。
【0026】
【数4】
Figure 0004020201
【0027】
なお、確定論と確率論を融合した供給信頼度評価手法では、夏季ピークでの供給支障電力の解消が保証される(健全時とn−1基準を満たす)という確定条件を満たす構成候補だけを確定論的手法で選出し、それらの停電時間期待値を事故確率や需要変動を考慮した確率論的手法で算出している。
【0028】
ステップS6では、求められた停電時間期待値、設備稼働率乖離度及び送電損失の各値をもとにベクトル長と角度比を算出し、ステップS7ては三つの評価値の構成候補の中から送電損失が小さいものを抽出して最適構成構成とする。
【0029】
構成候補の多面的評価は、0〜1に正規化された各評価値を要素とする三次元ベクトル(以下評価ベクトルという)を定義し、ベクトルの大きさ、並びに、各軸と評価ベクトルとの間の角度比(α/(α+β+γ)、β/(α+β+γ)、γ/(α+β+γ))をもとに行う。その評価ベクトルを図3に示す。
【0030】
図3より明らかなように、評価ベクトルの大きさが小さいほど、その構成が多面的評価の点で優れていることが判る。また、角度比が大きいほどその軸項目に対する評価が優れていることを示す。したがって、この角度比を見比べることにより各評価に対する偏り具合を知ることができる。
【0031】
ここで、確定論的手法とは、全ての算術制約式を一つの論理制約式に変換し、全ての制約充足解を二分木によりコンパクトに表現した手法である。確定論的手法に基づく解法では、全ての制約充足解を表現した確定論的手法上で、目的関数が最小となる制約充足解を探索するため、大域的最適解だけでなく、全ての制約充足解を獲得できる点に特徴がある。したがって、健全時だけでなくn−1想定事故時の地方供給系統構成運用に関する全ての算術制約を1本の論理制約式で表現することにより、健全時だけでなく事故時の運用条件を満たす健全時の系統構成が抽出できる。
【0032】
また、確率論的手法とは、超高圧系統に接続する上位変電所の1次母線から配電用変電所の2次側母線までの間の設備故障に対して、配電用変電所もしくは特高需要家レベルでの供給信頼度を評価する手法である。この手法で求められる信頼度指標は、デュレーションカーブを考慮して算出される平均信頼度であり、夏季ピーク断面での確定論的信頼度(限界信頼度)とは異なるものである。
信頼度計算は、上位変電所ごとに母線・分岐点等のノード要素と送電線・変圧器等のブランチ要素の各情報から、送電線、母線、変圧器、遮断器、断路器の各想定事故に対して実施される。
【0033】
次に、図2で示す実規模系統モデルに対して、本発明を適用して前述した(1)〜(3)の多面的評価を行った結果について、上位変電所の単一バンク事故時を例として説明する。
【0034】
図2の系統モデルでは、夏季ピークの健全時に供給支障が生じない系統構成候補は80802個あり、それらの中で、n−1想定事故基準と稼働率乖離度による制約を満たす構成候補は10個であった。これらの構成候補に対する各評価値を表1に示す。
【0035】
【表1】
Figure 0004020201
【0036】
また、多面的評価を行った結果を表2に示す。
【0037】
【表2】
Figure 0004020201
【0038】
図4は、表2で示す絞り込まれた系統構成候補10個各の評価ベクトルを示したもので、表2と図4より候補7の評価ベクトル長が最も短く、総合的な多面的評価の点では優れているといえる。しかし、設備稼働率を重視するならば候補9の選択が考えられる。
【0039】
図5は、本発明の方法を実行するための供給信頼度評価装置の構成図を示したものである。
同図において、1はコンピュータよりなるデータ処理装置、2は電力系統情報全般と地域特性のデータベース(DB)が格納された記憶部で、具体的には、需要DB、落雷故障DB、設備故障DB、停電被害度DB、系統運用DB、設備計画DB等が記憶されている。3は表示装置、4は入力装置で、キーボードやマウス等を有している。
【0040】
10はコントロール部で、データ処理装置内の各部11〜20間とのデータや処理プログラム等の授受を円滑に行うためのデータの加工、処理を実行してデータ授受をコントロールする。データ設定部11は、入力装置4やコントロール部10を介して入力される評価ベクトル作成のための必要な条件や関数が設定される。この設定時に、地域特性固有の条件、例えば、落雷故障確率データ、設備故障の故障確率データや、地域需要データなどの条件を設定することにより、確率論的評価時には、落雷DBより落雷故障確率データを、設備故障DBからは設備故障の故障確率データを、また、需要DBからは地域需要を読み込んで評価のためのデータ補完が任意にできるため、設備や地域による特性に適合したものとして評価できる。
データ読込部12は、記憶部2に保管されている各種データベースや関数等の条件及び処理プログラムを読み込んで格納部に保存する。
【0041】
確定論的信頼度評価部13は、系統運用DBや需要DBなどのデータに基づき、設備健全時とn−1基準を満たすか否か等の運用条件を評価し、多数の系統構成候補の中から条件を満たす所定の構成候補を絞り込む。
確率論的信頼度評価部14は、系統の各設備故障に対する停電時間期待値を算出し、更に停電被害度を考慮した確率論的信頼度評価を実行する。
評価ベクトル作成部15は、確定論的信頼度評価部13と確率論的信頼度評価部14によって抽出された系統構成候補の各評価値より図3で示す評価のためのベクトルを作成する。
【0042】
多目的評価部16は、評価ベクトル作成部15の作成ベクトルに基づき抽出された系統構成候補に対し、需要シミュレーションを行い、確率論的信頼度指標による稼働率向上効果を評価する。また、設備投資抑制が供給信頼度に与える影響、供給信頼度が地域、需要家に与える影響を評価する。
処理終了判定部17は、データ処理装置における所望の処理が終了したか否かを判定する。
系統構成候補作成部18では、評価ベクトルの目的関数が最小と評価された系統構成候補を作成し、その結果を系統構成候補格納部19に格納する。20は表示装置3に表示するためのデータ作成部である。
【0043】
図6は供給信頼度評価装置の評価フローチャートを示したものである。
ステップS10では、信頼度評価のための各種データの取り込みを行う。S11では、健全時には電力供給に支障がなく、設備稼働率乖離度が比較的小さいものであり、また、想定事故時では電力供給に支障がなく、健全時からの構成変更が少ないこと等の制約条件が設定される。S12では、設定された各条件を踏まえて系統構成評価のための演算が行われ、S13で設備健全時の制約条件を満足するか否かの判断が行われる。制約条件を満たしていない場合には、S11に戻って制約条件設定のし直しが行われてS12、S13が繰り返される。
【0044】
ステップS13において、制約条件を満たした場合にはS14で設備事故時の制約条件を満足するか否かの判断が行われ、満たしてい場合には、S15で稼働率乖離度が制約条件を満足するか否かの判断が行われる。
S14、S15において、各条件が不成立の場合にはそれぞれS11に戻り、制約条件設定のし直しが行われ、条件成立まで繰り返される。
【0045】
S15で条件成立時には、S16において目的関数の演算とその最小評価が行われ、S17ではその結果に基づき最適な系統構成の作成が行われる。
S18では、停電時間期待値を算出して評価する確率的信頼度評価が行われ、S19でベクトル評価を実施された後、S20で多目的評価の判定が行われる。
S21では、需要シミュレーション可否の判断が行われ、シミュレーション実施の場合にはS10に戻り、シミュレーション否の場合にはS22で系統図・数値結果を出力して評価作業を終了する。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上のとおり、本発明によれば、停電時間期待値、設備稼働率、送電損失の評価値から評価ベクトルを作成し、このベクトルの長さ、角度比により電力の供給信頼度を評価しているため、設備計画時には多目的観点からの定量的な評価基準が作成できる。
更に、停電被害度DBから需要家の停電被害度を読み込み、電力系統の供給信頼度だけでなく、需要家の停電影響を考慮した信頼度による評価、及び複数の設備投資案の相対評価ができる。したがって、投資抑制や既設設備の有効活用を図ることができる。しかも、従来は、系統構成の決定は系統計画者が長年の経験と知識に基づいて決定していたものが、本発明においては、三つの評価値の優れている構成候補の中から送電損失の小さい1つの構成候補などを最適構成として決定したことにより、長年の経験者でなくても客観的に決定できる。
【0047】
また、実規模系統では、健全時の構成候補が膨大になるが、本発明では確定論的評価時に、設備稼働率の許容範囲を制約に加えたことによって系統構成候補数を大幅に削減するとが可能となり、構成候補の選択時間が短縮できる。
更に、確率論的評価時には、落雷DBより落雷故障確率データを、設備故障DBからは設備故障の故障確率データを、また、需要DBからは地域需要を読み込んで評価のためのデータ補完が任意にできるため、設備や地域による特性までも加味した評価ができる等の効果を有するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態を示す地方供給系統構成の多面的評価の概念図。
【図2】実規模系統のモデル図。
【図3】構成候補の評価ベクトル図。
【図4】抽出された構成候補のベクトル図。
【図5】本発明の供給信頼度評価装置の構成図。
【図6】評価のフローチャート。
【符号の説明】
1…データ処理装置
2…記憶部
3…表示装置
4…入力装置
10…コントロール部
11…データ設定部
12…データ読込部
13…確定論的信頼度評価部
14…確率論的信頼度評価部
15…評価ベクトル作成部
16…多目的効果評価部
17…処理終了判定部
18…系統構成候補作成部
19…系統構成候補格納部
20…表示データ作成部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a power system planning support system, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for evaluating a local supply system configuration.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Along with the full-scale competition in the power market due to changes in the power environment such as the liberalization of power, thorough use of existing facilities and further cost reduction are required.
In order to promote more rational equipment formation, it is increasingly important to evaluate supply reliability of the power system.
[0003]
Among local power systems, there are cases where both ends of the transmission line are connected to different power substations via switches, so there are many power supply system candidates in the actual scale system. To do. When evaluating the supply reliability of local supply systems, how to deal with a large number of system configuration candidates to be evaluated and how to evaluate them deterministically and probabilistically Is an important point.
[0004]
Non-patent literature has focused on the advantages of deterministic and probabilistic methods in supply reliability evaluation, and proposed a supply reliability evaluation method based on the fusion of these methods.
According to this document, when discussing the supply reliability of local supply systems, there are two main ways of thinking. One is based on determinism, and the other is based on probability theory. The major difference between the two is the idea of “equipment accidents” and “demand fluctuations”.
[0005]
In the deterministic method, whether or not the power hindering supply (MW) can be eliminated by switching one-stage load or switching destination overload at any single facility accident at the summer peak (one section) (n-1 standard) Therefore, the supply reliability is qualitatively evaluated.
On the other hand, in the probabilistic method, supply reliability is quantitatively evaluated with respect to the annual load duration curve based on the supply hindrance power (expected value) considering the accident occurrence rate of each facility. Each of these methods has unique characteristics, but in general, a deterministic method is often used because of the ease of n-1 criterion evaluation of the configuration.
[0006]
By the way, when evaluating the supply reliability of a certain system configuration, the probabilistic method is more realistic in that it considers accident probability and demand fluctuation. However, in the local supply system, the number of system configuration candidates for power supply that can be adopted becomes very large due to the combination of circuit breaker on / off, so it is not possible to evaluate the supply reliability of all configuration candidates using a probabilistic method. Not practical in terms of calculation time.
In addition, in the deterministic method, a configuration that satisfies the n-1 criterion can be calculated at a relatively high speed from among combinations of system configurations, but the time section is limited to one section without considering the accident probability, Evaluation becomes a local thing lacking reality.
[0007]
The non-patent literature proposes a supply reliability evaluation method that takes advantage of each of the advantages of determinism and probability theory in consideration of these points.
That is, out of all system configuration candidates, only the configuration satisfying the n-1 criterion is extracted by a deterministic method, and the expected value of the supply hindrance amount considering the equipment accident rate and multiple cross sections for these configuration candidates. Is calculated by a probabilistic method.
[0008]
[Non-patent literature]
Hayashi, Matsuki, Tokuno “Fundamental Study on Supply Reliability Evaluation of Local Supply System that Combines Determinism and Probability Theory” 2001 IEEJ Power and Energy Division Conference, 279, 2001
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In non-patent literature, there is an advantage that a system configuration in which the expected value of power failure time is minimized can be selected from among the configurations in which elimination of power hindering supply at the summer peak is guaranteed (satisfying the n-1 standard). However, what is defined as an evaluation value in the probabilistic method is only the expected power outage time.
In order to further reduce investment and promote the use of existing facilities, the relationship between investment restraint and supply reliability, the impact of supply reliability on regions and customers, and the effect of reducing investment by improving occupancy rates There is a demand for quantitative evaluation for multiple purposes.
In order to promote such more rational equipment formation, it is important to evaluate the system configuration from various aspects.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the object of the present invention is to determine an optimum system configuration by adding an equipment operation rate and a power transmission loss in addition to the above-described supply reliability, and evaluate it. It is to provide a method and apparatus for evaluating a local supply system configuration with improved reliability.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
1st of this invention evaluates supply reliability using the deterministic method and the probabilistic method about several system | strain structure of an electric power system installation,
A selection means for selecting a power system configuration candidate that has no trouble in power supply during soundness and that does not interfere with power supply in the case of an assumed accident from among the plurality of power system configurations, and a power system configuration candidate selected by the selection means Established evaluation value calculation means to calculate the expected power outage time, facility availability divergence, and transmission loss, respectively, and created an evaluation vector based on the three evaluation values obtained by this evaluation value calculation means. It is characterized by evaluating the supply reliability of the supply system.
[0012]
A second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the selection means calculates an optimum system configuration at the time of an accident that has a small equipment operation rate divergence and has few system configuration changes since the system is healthy. is there.
[0013]
A third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the evaluation value calculation means selects one having a small transmission loss from the selected system configuration candidates.
[0014]
The fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that conditions including a lightning failure probability and local demand are set during the selection calculation of the selection means.
[0015]
The fifth aspect of the present invention is a multifaceted evaluation of the reliability, equipment investment cost, and equipment utilization rate divergence considering the equipment availability improvement effect and the effect of power failure for the configuration candidates selected by the evaluation value calculation means. It is characterized by discriminating multipurpose evaluation based on it.
[0016]
The sixth aspect of the present invention stores power system information and regional characteristics as a database in a storage unit, and uses this database to configure a plurality of power supply system configurations using a deterministic method and a probabilistic method. In a device that evaluates the supply reliability of candidates,
System configuration evaluation means for evaluating system configuration candidates by calculation based on the data read from the storage unit and the set constraint conditions, equipment failure when the equipment is healthy with respect to the configuration candidates evaluated by the system configuration evaluation means Whether or not each constraint condition of the time and equipment utilization rate divergence is satisfied, and if not satisfied, the constraint condition determination means for moving to resetting the constraint condition, and the objective function when the constraint condition is satisfied by this constraint condition determination means System configuration candidate creation means for creating an optimal system configuration from among the minimum evaluation configuration candidates, probabilistic reliability evaluation means for calculating and evaluating the expected power failure time for the created system configuration candidate, and this probability Equipped with an evaluation vector creation unit that creates an evaluation vector of configuration candidates based on the evaluation value obtained from the theoretical reliability evaluation means, the transmission loss, and the facility utilization rate deviation degree A.
[0017]
A seventh aspect of the present invention includes a multi-purpose evaluation unit that determines multi-purpose evaluation for the system configuration selected by the creation vector of the evaluation vector creation unit.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram showing an actual scale system model. This system model includes, for example, 12 power supply substations indicated by 1 to 12, 95 indicated by the number of lines e1 to e95, and a total number 2 of system configuration candidates. There are 95 (= about 39 × 10 27 ). In the present invention, (1) supply reliability (expected power outage time), (2) equipment operation rate (equipment operation) From the three viewpoints of rate divergence) and (3) power transmission loss, system configuration candidates are evaluated in a multifaceted manner as shown in FIG. However, in an actual scale system, system configuration candidates are enormous, and calculating three evaluation values for all configuration candidates is unrealistic due to a long calculation time.
[0019]
Therefore, first, when evaluating the expected power outage time value of (1), system configuration candidates are narrowed down using a supply reliability evaluation method that combines determinism and probability theory proposed in non-patent literature.
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, in step S1, a configuration candidate that does not cause a supply failure when healthy is selected from among a large number of configuration candidates 1 to N using a deterministic evaluation method. A candidate with a small degree is selected to narrow down the configuration candidates 2, 4 and j. Next, in step S2, by using the same deterministic evaluation method, an optimal system configuration at the time of an accident that does not cause a supply failure at the time of system operation at the time of an n-1 assumed accident and has few configuration changes from a healthy state Select a candidate. The resulting configuration candidates 2, 4, j are optimal candidates at the time of an accident.
In step S1, one having a small equipment operation rate divergence is selected, and in S2, an optimal system configuration candidate at the time of an accident that does not cause a supply failure at the time of an assumed accident and reduces the configuration change from a healthy state is calculated. This has the effect of speeding up the switching to the candidate system.
[0020]
In step S3, an expected power outage time value for the configuration candidate selected using the probabilistic method is calculated. This power failure time expected value E (minute / year) is calculated by the equation (1).
[0021]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004020201
[0022]
In step S4, the transmission loss of the configuration candidate is calculated, and the calculation is performed based on equations (2) and (3). Equation (2) is the total transmission loss during soundness, and the transmission loss LOSS ij between the substation i and the interconnection load j is calculated based on the equation (3).
[0023]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0004020201
[0024]
[Equation 3]
Figure 0004020201
[0025]
Subsequently, in step S5, the facility operation rate deviation degree of (2) is calculated for the narrowed system configuration candidates 2, 4, and j, but only system configuration candidates that satisfy the constraint that the upper limit value is not exceeded. Further narrow down. The equipment utilization rate deviation degree is calculated based on the equation (4).
[0026]
[Expression 4]
Figure 0004020201
[0027]
In addition, in the supply reliability evaluation method that combines determinism and probability theory, only the configuration candidates that satisfy the deterministic condition that the supply power interruption at the summer peak is guaranteed (satisfied with the n-1 standard when healthy) are guaranteed. They are selected by a deterministic method, and their expected power outage hours are calculated by a probabilistic method that takes into account accident probabilities and demand fluctuations.
[0028]
In step S6, the vector length and the angle ratio are calculated based on the respective values of the expected power failure time expected value, the facility operation rate deviation degree, and the transmission loss, and in step S7, among the three evaluation value configuration candidates. The optimum configuration is extracted by extracting the ones with small transmission loss.
[0029]
The multi-faceted evaluation of configuration candidates defines a three-dimensional vector (hereinafter referred to as an evaluation vector) whose elements are evaluation values normalized to 0 to 1, and the size of the vector as well as each axis and the evaluation vector. The angle ratio (α / (α + β + γ), β / (α + β + γ), γ / (α + β + γ)) is used. The evaluation vector is shown in FIG.
[0030]
As is clear from FIG. 3, it can be seen that the smaller the evaluation vector is, the better the configuration is in terms of multifaceted evaluation. Moreover, it shows that the evaluation with respect to the axis item is excellent, so that an angle ratio is large. Therefore, by comparing this angle ratio, it is possible to know the degree of bias for each evaluation.
[0031]
Here, the deterministic method is a method in which all arithmetic constraint expressions are converted into one logical constraint expression, and all constraint satisfaction solutions are compactly expressed by a binary tree. In the solution based on the deterministic method, the constraint satisfaction solution that minimizes the objective function is searched on the deterministic method that expresses all constraint satisfaction solutions, so that not only the global optimal solution but all constraint satisfaction is satisfied. It is characterized by the ability to obtain a solution. Therefore, by expressing all the arithmetic constraints related to the local supply system configuration operation at the time of n-1 assumed accident as well as the healthy one with a single logical constraint expression, the healthy condition that satisfies not only the healthy condition but also the operational condition at the time of the accident is expressed. The system configuration of time can be extracted.
[0032]
The probabilistic method is a distribution substation or extra high demand for equipment failure between the primary bus of the upper substation connected to the ultra high voltage system and the secondary bus of the distribution substation. This is a method for evaluating supply reliability at the house level. The reliability index obtained by this method is an average reliability calculated in consideration of the duration curve, and is different from the deterministic reliability (marginal reliability) in the summer peak section.
The reliability calculation is based on information on node elements such as buses and branch points and branch elements such as transmission lines and transformers for each upper substation, and various accidents of transmission lines, buses, transformers, circuit breakers, and disconnectors. To be implemented.
[0033]
Next, with respect to the result of the multifaceted evaluation of (1) to (3) described above by applying the present invention to the actual scale system model shown in FIG. This will be described as an example.
[0034]
In the system model shown in FIG. 2, there are 80802 system configuration candidates that do not cause a supply hindrance when the summer peak is healthy. Met. Table 1 shows the evaluation values for these configuration candidates.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004020201
[0036]
Table 2 shows the results of multifaceted evaluation.
[0037]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004020201
[0038]
FIG. 4 shows the evaluation vectors for each of the ten system configuration candidates narrowed down as shown in Table 2, and the evaluation vector length of candidate 7 is the shortest from Table 2 and FIG. Then it can be said that it is excellent. However, if importance is attached to the equipment operation rate, selection of candidate 9 can be considered.
[0039]
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a supply reliability evaluation apparatus for executing the method of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a data processing device comprising a computer, and 2 is a storage unit in which a database (DB) of general power system information and regional characteristics is stored. Specifically, a demand DB, a lightning strike DB, an equipment failure DB. , Power failure damage DB, system operation DB, equipment plan DB, and the like are stored. Reference numeral 3 denotes a display device, and 4 denotes an input device, which has a keyboard, a mouse, and the like.
[0040]
A control unit 10 controls data exchange by executing data processing and processing for smoothly exchanging data and processing programs between the units 11 to 20 in the data processing apparatus. The data setting unit 11 is set with necessary conditions and functions for creating an evaluation vector input via the input device 4 or the control unit 10. By setting conditions specific to regional characteristics, such as lightning failure probability data, equipment failure failure probability data, and local demand data, at this setting, lightning failure probability data is obtained from the lightning strike DB during probabilistic evaluation. Since the failure probability data of equipment failure can be read from the equipment failure DB and the regional demand can be read from the demand DB and data supplementation for evaluation can be arbitrarily performed, it can be evaluated as being suitable for the characteristics of the equipment and the region. .
The data reading unit 12 reads conditions and processing programs such as various databases and functions stored in the storage unit 2 and stores them in the storage unit.
[0041]
The deterministic reliability evaluation unit 13 evaluates operation conditions such as whether the facilities are healthy and whether or not the n-1 standard is satisfied based on data such as the system operation DB and the demand DB, and among many system configuration candidates. The predetermined configuration candidates that satisfy the conditions are narrowed down.
The probabilistic reliability evaluation unit 14 calculates an expected power outage time value for each equipment failure in the system, and further executes a probabilistic reliability evaluation in consideration of the power outage damage degree.
The evaluation vector creation unit 15 creates a vector for evaluation shown in FIG. 3 from each evaluation value of the system configuration candidate extracted by the deterministic reliability evaluation unit 13 and the probabilistic reliability evaluation unit 14.
[0042]
The multi-purpose evaluation unit 16 performs a demand simulation on the system configuration candidate extracted based on the creation vector of the evaluation vector creation unit 15 and evaluates the operation rate improvement effect by the probabilistic reliability index. In addition, we evaluate the effects of restrained capital investment on supply reliability and the effects of supply reliability on regions and customers.
The process end determination unit 17 determines whether a desired process in the data processing apparatus has ended.
The system configuration candidate creation unit 18 creates a system configuration candidate in which the objective function of the evaluation vector is evaluated to be the minimum, and stores the result in the system configuration candidate storage unit 19. Reference numeral 20 denotes a data creation unit for displaying on the display device 3.
[0043]
FIG. 6 shows an evaluation flowchart of the supply reliability evaluation apparatus.
In step S10, various data for reliability evaluation is fetched. In S11, there is no problem in power supply when healthy, the degree of equipment operation rate divergence is relatively small, and there are no restrictions on power supply in the case of an assumed accident, and there are few changes in configuration from the healthy time. A condition is set. In S12, calculation for system configuration evaluation is performed based on each set condition, and in S13, it is determined whether or not the constraint condition when the equipment is healthy is satisfied. If the constraint condition is not satisfied, the process returns to S11 to reset the constraint condition, and S12 and S13 are repeated.
[0044]
In step S13, if the constraint condition is satisfied, a determination is made in S14 as to whether or not the constraint condition at the time of the equipment accident is satisfied. If the constraint condition is satisfied, the operating rate deviation degree satisfies the constraint condition in S15. A determination is made whether or not.
In S14 and S15, when each condition is not satisfied, the process returns to S11, the constraint condition is reset, and the process is repeated until the condition is satisfied.
[0045]
When the condition is satisfied in S15, the objective function is calculated and its minimum evaluation is performed in S16, and an optimum system configuration is created based on the result in S17.
In S18, a probabilistic reliability evaluation for calculating and evaluating the expected power outage time is performed. After the vector evaluation is performed in S19, a multipurpose evaluation is determined in S20.
In S21, it is determined whether or not the demand simulation is possible. If the simulation is executed, the process returns to S10. If the simulation is not possible, the system diagram / numerical result is output in S22 and the evaluation operation is terminated.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, an evaluation vector is created from an expected value of power failure time, an equipment operation rate, and an evaluation value of transmission loss, and the power supply reliability is evaluated by the length and angle ratio of this vector. Therefore, it is possible to create a quantitative evaluation standard from a multipurpose viewpoint during facility planning.
Furthermore, the power failure damage degree of the customer is read from the power failure damage degree DB, and the evaluation based on the reliability considering the influence of the power failure of the customer as well as the supply reliability of the power system and the relative evaluation of the plurality of capital investment plans can be performed. . Therefore, investment restraint and effective utilization of existing facilities can be achieved. Moreover, in the past, the system configuration was determined by the system planner based on many years of experience and knowledge, but in the present invention, the transmission loss is selected from among the three configuration candidates with excellent evaluation values. By determining one small configuration candidate or the like as the optimal configuration, it is possible to determine objectively even if it is not a long-time experienced person.
[0047]
In the real scale system, the number of configuration candidates at the time of soundness is enormous, but in the present invention, the number of system configuration candidates can be greatly reduced by adding the allowable range of the facility operation rate to the constraint at the time of deterministic evaluation. This makes it possible to shorten the selection time of configuration candidates.
Furthermore, at the time of probabilistic evaluation, lightning failure probability data is read from the lightning strike DB, failure probability data of equipment failure is read from the equipment failure DB, and regional demand is read from the demand DB. Therefore, it has the effect of being able to evaluate in consideration of the characteristics of the equipment and the region.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of multifaceted evaluation of a local supply system configuration showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a model diagram of an actual scale system.
FIG. 3 is an evaluation vector diagram of configuration candidates.
FIG. 4 is a vector diagram of extracted configuration candidates.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a supply reliability evaluation apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of evaluation.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Data processing apparatus 2 ... Memory | storage part 3 ... Display apparatus 4 ... Input device 10 ... Control part 11 ... Data setting part 12 ... Data reading part 13 ... Deterministic reliability evaluation part 14 ... Probabilistic reliability evaluation part 15 ... evaluation vector creation unit 16 ... multipurpose effect evaluation unit 17 ... processing end determination unit 18 ... system configuration candidate creation unit 19 ... system configuration candidate storage unit 20 ... display data creation unit

Claims (7)

電力系統設備の複数の系統構成を、確定論的手法と確率論的手法とを用いて供給信頼度を評価するものにおいて、
前記複数の系統構成の中から健全時に電力供給に支障がなく、且つ、想定事故時に電力供給に支障が生じない系統構成候補を選択する選択手段と、この選択手段によって選択された系統構成候補の停電時間期待値、設備稼働率乖離度及び送電損失をそれぞれ算出する評価値算出手段を設け、この評価値算出手段によって求められた三つの評価値に基づき評価ベクトルを作成し、この評価ベクトルによって電力供給系統の供給信頼度を評価することを特徴とした電力系統の供給信頼度評価方法。
In evaluating the supply reliability of multiple grid configurations of power system facilities using deterministic and probabilistic methods,
A selection means for selecting a power system configuration candidate that has no trouble in power supply during soundness and that does not interfere with power supply in the case of an assumed accident from among the plurality of power system configurations, and a power system configuration candidate selected by the selection means Established evaluation value calculation means to calculate the expected power outage time, facility availability divergence, and transmission loss, respectively, and created an evaluation vector based on the three evaluation values obtained by this evaluation value calculation means. A power system supply reliability evaluation method characterized by evaluating a supply system supply reliability.
前記選択手段は、設備稼働率乖離度が小さいもので、且つ、系統健全時からの系統構成変更が少ない事故時最適の系統構成を算出することを特徴とした請求項1記載の電力系統の供給信頼度評価方法。2. The power system supply according to claim 1, wherein the selection unit calculates an optimal system configuration at the time of an accident with a small degree of equipment operation rate divergence and a small number of system configuration changes from when the system is healthy. Reliability evaluation method. 前記評価値算出手段は、選択された系統構成候補の中から送電損失の小さいものを選択することを特徴とした請求項1又は2記載の電力系統の供給信頼度評価方法。The power system supply reliability evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the evaluation value calculation means selects one having a small transmission loss from the selected system configuration candidates. 前記選択手段の選択演算時に、落雷故障確率、地域需要を含む条件が設定されたことを特徴とした請求項1乃至3記載の電力系統の供給信頼度評価方法。The power system supply reliability evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein conditions including a lightning failure probability and a local demand are set during the selection calculation of the selection means. 前記評価値算出手段にて選択された構成候補に対し、設備稼働率向上効果や停電影響を考慮した信頼度、設備投資費用、設備稼働率乖離度の多面的評価に基づく多目的評価を判別することを特徴とした請求項1乃至4記載の電力系統の供給信頼度評価方法。Discriminating multi-purpose evaluation based on multi-faceted evaluation of reliability, facility investment cost, facility utilization rate divergence considering facility availability improvement effect and power outage effect for the configuration candidates selected by the evaluation value calculation means The power system supply reliability evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: 電力系統情報と地域特性をデータベースとして記憶部に記憶し、このデータベースを用いて電力供給の複数系統構成を、確定論的手法と確率論的手法とを用いて系統構成候補の供給信頼度を評価する装置において、
前記記憶部から読み込んだデータ及び設定された制約条件に基づき演算して系統構成候補を評価する系統構成評価手段と、この系統構成評価手段により評価された構成候補に対して設備健全時、設備故障時及び設備稼働率乖離度の各制約条件が成立するか否かを判断し、不成立時には制約条件の再設定に移行する制約条件判定手段と、この制約条件判定手段での制約条件成立時に目的関数最小評価の構成候補中より最適な系統構成を作成する系統構成候補作成手段と、作成された系統構成候補に対して停電時間期待値を算出し評価する確率論的信頼度評価手段と、この確率論的信頼度評価手段から得られた評価値と送電損失、設備稼働率乖離度をもとに構成候補の評価ベクトルを作成する評価ベクトル作成部とを備えたことを特徴とした電力系統の供給信頼度評価装置。
Power system information and regional characteristics are stored in the storage unit as a database. Using this database, multiple power supply system configurations are evaluated, and supply reliability of system configuration candidates is evaluated using deterministic and probabilistic methods. In the device to
System configuration evaluation means for evaluating system configuration candidates by calculation based on the data read from the storage unit and the set constraint conditions, equipment failure when the equipment is healthy with respect to the configuration candidates evaluated by the system configuration evaluation means Whether or not each constraint condition of facility time and facility utilization rate divergence is satisfied, and if not satisfied, a constraint condition determination means that shifts to resetting the constraint condition, and an objective function when the constraint condition is satisfied by this constraint condition determination means System configuration candidate creation means for creating an optimal system configuration from among the minimum evaluation configuration candidates, probabilistic reliability evaluation means for calculating and evaluating the expected power failure time for the created system configuration candidate, and this probability Electricity characterized by having an evaluation vector creation unit that creates an evaluation vector of configuration candidates based on the evaluation value obtained from the theoretical reliability evaluation means, the transmission loss, and the facility utilization rate deviation degree Supply reliability evaluation apparatus of integration.
前記評価ベクトル作成部の作成ベクトルによって選択された系統構成に対して多目的評価を判断する多目的評価部を備えたことを特徴とした請求項6記載の電力系統の供給信頼度評価装置。The power system supply reliability evaluation apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a multi-purpose evaluation unit that determines multi-purpose evaluation for a system configuration selected by a generation vector of the evaluation vector generation unit.
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