JP4022938B2 - Method for producing clay mineral organic composite - Google Patents
Method for producing clay mineral organic composite Download PDFInfo
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- JP4022938B2 JP4022938B2 JP11215497A JP11215497A JP4022938B2 JP 4022938 B2 JP4022938 B2 JP 4022938B2 JP 11215497 A JP11215497 A JP 11215497A JP 11215497 A JP11215497 A JP 11215497A JP 4022938 B2 JP4022938 B2 JP 4022938B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電子材料、医療材料、エネルギー関連材料や環境関連材料、あるいは合成用触媒などの分野で有用な、粘土鉱物と有機化合物をハイブリッド化させた粘土鉱物有機複合体、特に、イオン化し得る有機化合物に係る粘土鉱物有機複合体の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
粘土鉱物を有機物処理して、結晶層間に有機分子や有機イオンを導入することにより、粘土鉱物有機複合体が合成される。有機化合物がイオン化し得る場合、一般に、これを無機酸と化合させて有機イオンとなし、この有機イオンを溶解した溶液を粘土鉱物を分散させた溶液に加えることにより合成される。
【0003】
有機イオンを導入するには、通常、粘土鉱物の分散液に有機イオンを溶解させた溶液を滴下して攪拌するなどの方法が行われている。粘土鉱物の分散液のpHは、粘土鉱物の特性上、十分に低くできないので、加えられた有機イオンは一部が有機分子に戻ってしまう。さらに、粘土鉱物の分散液では、大部分の粘土鉱物は微細な粒子にまで剥離しているが、一部は、粗大な塊として残留している。それらのため、結晶層間の無機イオンと交換する有機イオンが実質的に減少し、さらに、結晶層間の有機イオンの配列も乱れるため、十分な機能を発現する粘土鉱物有機複合体が得られないという問題があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の製造方法で生じる前記問題点を解決するため、有機イオンが粘土鉱物の結晶層間へ十分に導入され、かつ、該有機イオンの配列の乱れが少ない粘土鉱物有機複合体の製造方法が求められていた。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、鋭意、検討を重ねた結果、粘土鉱物が分散して成る溶液Aと、イオン化し得る有機化合物および無機酸とから成る溶液Bの混合に際し、溶液Aおよび溶液BのpHを調整し、溶液Aと溶液Bの体積比を調整し、あるいは、混合に要する時間を調整したものを、固形分を分離して乾燥することにより、粘土鉱物の結晶層間に有機イオンを十分に導入し、かつ、有機イオンの配列の乱れを抑えることができることを見出した。
【0006】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0007】
粘土鉱物は微細な粒子であり、粘土鉱物の種類により、種々の形状と大きさを有している。例えば、粘土鉱物の一つであるスメクタイト属は、モンモリロナイト、ヘクトライト、サポナイト、バイデライト、スチブンサイトなどが例示され、その形状は薄片状で、大きさは0.1μm × 0.1μm × 0.001μmないし1μm × 1μm × 0.001μmである。通常の粘土鉱物の塊は、この粒子の凝集体から成っている。粘土鉱物が水膨潤性を有している場合、この粘土鉱物を水性溶媒に分散させると、大部分はこの微細な粒子にまで剥離するが、一部は微細な粒子の凝集体、すなわち塊の状態で残留する。
【0008】
粘土鉱物は、一般に、結晶層間に生じる電荷を補うかたちで、結晶層間にH+,Na+,K+などの無機陽イオンを持っている。イオン化し得る有機化合物と無機酸は化合して有機イオンを形成し、この有機イオンが結晶層間の無機陽イオンとイオン交換して結晶層間に導入され、粘土鉱物有機複合体を形成する。
【0009】
イオン化し得る有機化合物とは、無機酸と化合して有機イオンを形成する化合物であり、例えば、ピリジンなどのアミン化合物を例示することができるが、この限りではない。ここで用いる無機酸としては、塩酸、硝酸または硫酸を例示できるが、この限りではない。
【0010】
粘土鉱物が分散している溶液と、イオン化し得る有機化合物および無機酸から成る溶液を混合すると、生成した有機イオンが粘土鉱物の結晶層間に無機陽イオンと入れ代わって入り、粘土鉱物有機複合体を形成する。この反応は平衡反応であり、溶媒中の有機イオン濃度が高い程、結晶層間に導入される有機イオンの量は多くなる。
【0011】
通常の方法、例えば、単に粘土鉱物が分散している溶液に、有機イオンを含有する溶液を滴下攪拌して混合するなどの方法では、粘土鉱物の粒子と接触する溶液における有機イオンの濃度を高くできない。これは、実質的に大量に存在する粘土鉱物が分散している溶液と、実質的に少量の有機イオンを含有する溶液の混合による、実質的な有機イオン濃度の低下が原因の一つと成っている。さらに、粘土鉱物が分散している溶液は、通常はアルカリ性になっており、有機イオンは中性の有機分子に戻ってしまうので、粘土鉱物の結晶層間の無機陽イオンと入れ代わるのが容易でなくなる。これを回避するために、粘土鉱物が分散している溶液は、酸などを加えてpHを下げて、酸性にして用いるなどの方法があるが、pHが低いと粘土鉱物から無機イオンが溶出して結晶構造が崩壊するので、pHを十分に低くできない。また、有機イオンを含有する溶液に、粘土鉱物が分散している溶液を滴下攪拌して混合するなどの方法は、粘土鉱物の粒子が実質的に大量の酸性溶媒と接触することになり、粘土鉱物から無機イオンが溶出して結晶構造が崩壊するので好ましくない。
【0012】
そこで、粘土鉱物の粒子と接触する溶液における有機イオンの濃度を高め、かつ、粘土鉱物の結晶構造の崩壊を回避する方法として、以下に述べる方法が有効であることが新たに判明した。
【0013】
第一に、粘土鉱物が分散している溶液Aと、有機イオンを含有する溶液Bとの混合液における実質的なpHを、該有機化合物のpKaよりも低くなるように制御すれば十分であることを見出した。
【0014】
ここでいうpKaとは、有機化合物と有機イオンの平衡分配定数で、下記に示す式で与えられる。
【0015】
pKa=log((有機イオン濃度)/((有機化合物濃度)×(水素イオン濃度)))
このpKaの値は、種々の有機化合物ごとに決まる値である。例えば、有機化合物がピリジンの場合は5.0である。
【0016】
ここでいう実質的なpHとは、該混合液を通常のpH計で測定することにより得られる値である。該混合液は、溶液Aに近い状態の部分と溶液Bに近い状態の部分が微細に混合した状態を呈しており、実測されるpHの値は、この混合状態で測定した実質的な値である。
【0017】
第二に、粘土鉱物が分散している溶液Aと有機イオンを含有する溶液Bとを、特定の割合で、実質的に短い時間で混合することが有効であることを見出した。
【0018】
ここでいう混合とは、この混合液中に、溶液Aに近い状態の部分と溶液Bに近い状態の部分が微細に混合した状態が形成されて、粘土鉱物の粒子が溶液Bに近い状態の溶液に接触できることを意味する。この混合では、粘土鉱物の接触する溶液における水性溶媒の量の増加が抑えられ、さらに、pHの上昇も抑えられるので、有機イオン濃度の低下が抑えられる。そのため、粘土鉱物の結晶層間へ有機イオンが十分に導入されるものと考えられる。
【0019】
溶液Aと溶液Bの混合は、1:0.1〜10の体積比で行うことが好ましく、さらに好ましくは1:0.9〜1.1の体積比である。しかしながら、混合液中に、溶液Aに近い状態の部分と溶液Bに近い状態の部分が微細に混合した状態が形成される体積比であればこの限りではない。
【0020】
実質的に短い時間とは、1分間以内、好ましくは10秒以内を意味する。しかしながら、混合液中に、溶液Aに近い状態の部分と溶液Bに近い状態の部分が微細に混合した状態が形成される時間内であればこの限りではない。
【0021】
溶液Aと溶液Bから成る混合液から固形分を分離した後、好ましくはこの固形分をアルコール系溶媒で洗浄した後、乾燥される。しかしながら、乾燥する方法は限定されない。
【0022】
以上の製造方法で、粘土鉱物の結晶層間において、有機イオンの含有率が高く、かつ、該有機イオンの配列の乱れが少なく、十分な機能を発現する粘土鉱物有機複合体が得られる。
【0023】
結晶層間における有機イオンの配列の乱れと結晶構造の崩壊の程度は、粉末X線回折の001ピークの半値幅から評価できる。該半値幅は、一般に、結晶構造の不整化や粒子径の減少で大きくなることが知られている。結晶層間の有機イオンの配列が乱れ、結晶構造に不整化が発生すると、該半値幅は大きくなる。さらに、結晶構造の崩壊による粒子径の減少によっても該半値幅は大きくなる。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例をもってさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0025】
実施例1
ヘクトライト(商品名 ラポナイトRD,日本シリカ製)15gを純水485gに添加し、攪拌して溶液を調製した。次に、純水300gに2規定の塩酸13.4ccを添加して攪拌し、これにピリジン2gを添加して攪拌し、ピリジンイオンを含有する溶液を調製した。この2種の溶液を新たに用意した容器に同時に注ぎ、攪拌して混合した。注ぎと攪拌に要した時間は7秒であった。混合後直ちに混合液のpHを測定したところ3.8であった。この混合液から固形分を分離し、エタノールで洗浄した後、85℃で乾燥して、固形物12gを得た。この固形物のピリジン含有量は6.2重量%であった。この固形物の粉末X線回折測定をCuKαで行い、001ピークの半値幅を求めたところ2θで1.4°であった。
【0026】
実施例2
ヘクトライト(商品名 ラポナイトRD,日本シリカ製)15gを純水650gに添加し、攪拌して溶液を調製した。次に、純水100gに2規定の塩酸24.7ccを添加して攪拌し、これにピリジン4.5gを添加して攪拌し、ピリジンイオンを含有する溶液を調製した。この2種の溶液を新たに用意した容器に同時に注ぎ、攪拌して混合した。注ぎと攪拌に要した時間は23秒であった。混合後直ちに混合液のpHを測定したところ4.3であった。この混合液から固形分を分離し、エタノールで洗浄した後、85℃で乾燥して、固形物11gを得た。この固形物のピリジン含有量は4.8重量%であった。この固形物の粉末X線回折測定をCuKαで行い、001ピークの半値幅を求めたところ2θで1.5°であった。
【0027】
比較例1
ヘクトライト(商品名 ラポナイトRD,日本シリカ製)18gを純水650gに添加し、攪拌して溶液を調製した。次に、純水300gに2規定の塩酸24.0ccを添加して攪拌し、これにピリジン4.5gを添加して攪拌し、ピリジンイオンを含有する溶液を調製した。この溶液を先に調製した溶液に滴下し、攪拌して混合した。滴下に要した時間は5時間であった。混合液のpHは6.2であった。この混合液から固形分を分離し、エタノールで洗浄した後、85℃で乾燥して、固形物17gを得た。この固形物のピリジン含有量は2.3重量%であった。この固形物の粉末X線回折をCuKαで行い、001ピークの半値幅を求めたところ2θで1.8°であった。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法で粘土鉱物有機複合体を製造することにより、粘土鉱物の結晶層間における有機イオンの含有率が高く、かつ、該有機イオンの配列の乱れが少なく、十分な機能を発現する粘土鉱物有機複合体を得ることができる。
【0029】
本発明の粘土鉱物有機複合体は、粘土鉱物と有機化合物のハイブリッド化からもたらされる有用な機能を十分に発現するので、電子材料、医療材料、エネルギー関連材料や環境関連材料、あるいは合成用触媒などの分野において機能性が高く、その工業的価値は高い。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is a clay mineral-organic complex obtained by hybridizing a clay mineral and an organic compound, particularly ionizable, useful in fields such as electronic materials, medical materials, energy-related materials, environment-related materials, and synthesis catalysts. The present invention relates to a method for producing a clay mineral organic composite relating to an organic compound.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The clay mineral organic composite is synthesized by treating the clay mineral with an organic substance and introducing organic molecules and ions between the crystal layers. When an organic compound can be ionized, it is generally synthesized by combining it with an inorganic acid to form an organic ion, and adding a solution in which the organic ion is dissolved to a solution in which clay mineral is dispersed.
[0003]
In order to introduce organic ions, usually, a method of dropping and stirring a solution in which organic ions are dissolved in a clay mineral dispersion is performed. Since the pH of the clay mineral dispersion cannot be sufficiently lowered due to the characteristics of the clay mineral, part of the added organic ions returns to organic molecules. Further, in the clay mineral dispersion, most of the clay mineral is separated into fine particles, but a part of the clay mineral remains as a coarse mass. Therefore, organic ions exchanged with inorganic ions between the crystal layers are substantially reduced, and further, the arrangement of organic ions between the crystal layers is disturbed, so that it is not possible to obtain a clay mineral organic complex that exhibits sufficient functions. There was a problem.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems caused by the conventional production method, there is a need for a method for producing a clay mineral organic composite in which organic ions are sufficiently introduced between the crystal layers of the clay mineral and the arrangement of the organic ions is less disturbed. It was.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the inventors of the present invention have adjusted the pH of the solution A and the solution B when mixing the solution A in which the clay mineral is dispersed and the solution B composed of an ionizable organic compound and an inorganic acid. Adjust and adjust the volume ratio of solution A and solution B, or adjust the time required for mixing, separate the solids and dry to fully introduce organic ions between the crystal layers of clay mineral And found that the disorder of the arrangement of organic ions can be suppressed.
[0006]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0007]
Clay minerals are fine particles and have various shapes and sizes depending on the type of clay mineral. For example, the genus smectite, one of the clay minerals, is exemplified by montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, beidellite, stevensite, etc. The shape is flaky and the size is 0.1 μm × 0.1 μm × 0.001 μm to 1 μm × 1 μm × 0.001 μm. A normal clay mineral mass consists of aggregates of these particles. When the clay mineral has water swellability, when the clay mineral is dispersed in an aqueous solvent, most of the clay mineral is exfoliated to the fine particles, but a part of the fine particle agglomerates, i.e. Remains in a state.
[0008]
Clay minerals generally have an inorganic cation such as H + , Na + , K + or the like between the crystal layers in a form that compensates for the electric charge generated between the crystal layers. An ionizable organic compound and an inorganic acid combine to form an organic ion, and the organic ion is ion-exchanged with an inorganic cation between crystal layers to be introduced between crystal layers to form a clay mineral organic complex.
[0009]
The ionizable organic compound is a compound that forms an organic ion by combining with an inorganic acid, and examples thereof include amine compounds such as pyridine, but are not limited thereto. Examples of the inorganic acid used here include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid, but are not limited thereto.
[0010]
When a solution in which a clay mineral is dispersed is mixed with a solution composed of an ionizable organic compound and an inorganic acid, the generated organic ions are replaced by inorganic cations between the crystal layers of the clay mineral, and the clay mineral organic composite Form. This reaction is an equilibrium reaction, and the higher the concentration of organic ions in the solvent, the greater the amount of organic ions introduced between the crystal layers.
[0011]
In a usual method, for example, a method in which a solution containing organic ions is dropped and mixed in a solution in which clay mineral is simply dispersed, the concentration of organic ions in the solution in contact with the clay mineral particles is increased. Can not. One of the reasons for this is a substantial decrease in the concentration of organic ions due to the mixing of a solution in which a substantially large amount of clay mineral is dispersed and a solution containing a substantially small amount of organic ions. Yes. Furthermore, the solution in which the clay mineral is dispersed is usually alkaline, and the organic ions return to neutral organic molecules, making it difficult to replace the inorganic cations between the crystal layers of the clay mineral. . In order to avoid this, there is a method in which the solution in which the clay mineral is dispersed is made acidic by adding acid or the like to lower the pH, but when the pH is low, inorganic ions are eluted from the clay mineral. Since the crystal structure collapses, the pH cannot be lowered sufficiently. In addition, a method in which a solution in which a clay mineral is dispersed is dropped and mixed in a solution containing organic ions, the particles of the clay mineral are substantially in contact with a large amount of an acidic solvent. It is not preferable because inorganic ions are eluted from minerals and the crystal structure is destroyed.
[0012]
Therefore, it has been newly found that the method described below is effective as a method for increasing the concentration of organic ions in the solution in contact with the clay mineral particles and avoiding the collapse of the crystal structure of the clay mineral.
[0013]
First, it is sufficient to control the substantial pH in the mixed solution of the solution A in which the clay mineral is dispersed and the solution B containing organic ions to be lower than the pKa of the organic compound. I found out.
[0014]
The pKa here is an equilibrium distribution constant of an organic compound and an organic ion, and is given by the following formula.
[0015]
pKa = log ((organic ion concentration) / ((organic compound concentration) × (hydrogen ion concentration)))
The value of pKa is a value determined for each of various organic compounds. For example, when the organic compound is pyridine, it is 5.0.
[0016]
The substantial pH here is a value obtained by measuring the mixed solution with a normal pH meter. The liquid mixture exhibits a state in which a portion close to the solution A and a portion close to the solution B are finely mixed, and the measured pH value is a substantial value measured in this mixed state. is there.
[0017]
Secondly, it has been found that it is effective to mix the solution A in which the clay mineral is dispersed and the solution B containing the organic ions at a specific ratio in a substantially short time.
[0018]
The term “mixing” as used herein means that a state in which the portion close to the solution A and the portion close to the solution B are finely mixed is formed in this mixed solution, and the clay mineral particles are close to the solution B. It means that the solution can be contacted. In this mixing, an increase in the amount of the aqueous solvent in the solution in contact with the clay mineral is suppressed, and further, an increase in pH is also suppressed, so that a decrease in organic ion concentration is suppressed. For this reason, it is considered that organic ions are sufficiently introduced between the crystal layers of the clay mineral.
[0019]
The mixing of the solution A and the solution B is preferably performed at a volume ratio of 1: 0.1 to 10, more preferably a volume ratio of 1: 0.9 to 1.1. However, this is not limited as long as the volume ratio is such that a state in which the portion close to the solution A and the portion close to the solution B are finely mixed is formed in the liquid mixture.
[0020]
Substantially short time means within 1 minute, preferably within 10 seconds. However, this is not limited as long as it is within a time period in which a state in which the portion close to the solution A and the portion close to the solution B are finely mixed is formed in the mixed solution.
[0021]
After the solid content is separated from the mixed solution composed of the solution A and the solution B, the solid content is preferably washed with an alcohol solvent and then dried. However, the drying method is not limited.
[0022]
By the above production method, a clay mineral-organic composite having a high organic ion content between the crystal layers of the clay mineral, a small disorder of the arrangement of the organic ions, and a sufficient function can be obtained.
[0023]
The degree of disorder of the arrangement of organic ions and the collapse of the crystal structure between the crystal layers can be evaluated from the half width of the 001 peak of powder X-ray diffraction. It is known that the full width at half maximum generally increases as the crystal structure becomes irregular or the particle diameter decreases. When the arrangement of organic ions between the crystal layers is disturbed and irregularities occur in the crystal structure, the full width at half maximum increases. Further, the half-width is increased by a decrease in the particle size due to the collapse of the crystal structure.
[0024]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these.
[0025]
Example 1
15 g of hectorite (trade name Laponite RD, manufactured by Nippon Silica) was added to 485 g of pure water and stirred to prepare a solution. Next, 13.4 cc of 2N hydrochloric acid was added to 300 g of pure water and stirred, and 2 g of pyridine was added thereto and stirred to prepare a solution containing pyridine ions. These two types of solutions were simultaneously poured into a newly prepared container and mixed by stirring. The time required for pouring and stirring was 7 seconds. When the pH of the mixed solution was measured immediately after mixing, it was 3.8. The solid content was separated from this mixed solution, washed with ethanol, and then dried at 85 ° C. to obtain 12 g of a solid. The solid had a pyridine content of 6.2% by weight. The powder X-ray diffraction measurement of this solid substance was performed with CuKα, and the half width of the 001 peak was determined to be 1.4 at 2θ.
[0026]
Example 2
15 g of hectorite (trade name: Laponite RD, manufactured by Nippon Silica) was added to 650 g of pure water and stirred to prepare a solution. Next, 24.7 cc of 2N hydrochloric acid was added to 100 g of pure water and stirred, and 4.5 g of pyridine was added thereto and stirred to prepare a solution containing pyridine ions. These two types of solutions were simultaneously poured into a newly prepared container and mixed by stirring. The time required for pouring and stirring was 23 seconds. When the pH of the mixed solution was measured immediately after mixing, it was 4.3. A solid content was separated from this mixed solution, washed with ethanol, and then dried at 85 ° C. to obtain 11 g of a solid. The solid had a pyridine content of 4.8% by weight. The powder X-ray diffraction measurement of this solid was performed with CuKα, and the half width of the 001 peak was determined to be 1.5 at 2θ.
[0027]
Comparative Example 1
18 g of hectorite (trade name Laponite RD, manufactured by Nippon Silica) was added to 650 g of pure water and stirred to prepare a solution. Next, 24.0 cc of 2N hydrochloric acid was added to 300 g of pure water and stirred, and 4.5 g of pyridine was added thereto and stirred to prepare a solution containing pyridine ions. This solution was added dropwise to the previously prepared solution and mixed by stirring. The time required for the dropping was 5 hours. The pH of the mixed solution was 6.2. The solid content was separated from this mixed solution, washed with ethanol, and then dried at 85 ° C. to obtain 17 g of a solid. The solid had a pyridine content of 2.3% by weight. The solid was subjected to powder X-ray diffraction using CuKα, and the half-width of the 001 peak was determined to be 1.8 at 2θ.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
By producing a clay mineral organic composite by the method of the present invention, a clay mineral having a high organic ion content between the crystal layers of the clay mineral and a sufficient disorder of the arrangement of the organic ions and expressing a sufficient function An organic complex can be obtained.
[0029]
Since the clay mineral organic composite of the present invention sufficiently expresses useful functions resulting from the hybrid of clay mineral and organic compound, electronic materials, medical materials, energy-related materials, environment-related materials, synthesis catalysts, etc. In this field, the functionality is high and its industrial value is high.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11215497A JP4022938B2 (en) | 1997-04-30 | 1997-04-30 | Method for producing clay mineral organic composite |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11215497A JP4022938B2 (en) | 1997-04-30 | 1997-04-30 | Method for producing clay mineral organic composite |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10297917A JPH10297917A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
| JP4022938B2 true JP4022938B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
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| JP11215497A Expired - Fee Related JP4022938B2 (en) | 1997-04-30 | 1997-04-30 | Method for producing clay mineral organic composite |
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| JP2006290723A (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-10-26 | Cci Corp | Intercalation compound, its production method, and composite material |
| JP4611072B2 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2011-01-12 | シーシーアイ株式会社 | Method for producing intercalation compound |
| JP5585902B2 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2014-09-10 | 国立大学法人山口大学 | Method for producing two-photon absorption film comprising inorganic compound-organic compound composite |
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| JPH10297917A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
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