JP4023366B2 - Billet slab continuous casting method - Google Patents
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- JP4023366B2 JP4023366B2 JP2003114426A JP2003114426A JP4023366B2 JP 4023366 B2 JP4023366 B2 JP 4023366B2 JP 2003114426 A JP2003114426 A JP 2003114426A JP 2003114426 A JP2003114426 A JP 2003114426A JP 4023366 B2 JP4023366 B2 JP 4023366B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、炭素鋼、合金鋼、ステンレス鋼などの連続鋳造において、鋳片中心部に発生するセンターポロシティー、中心部割れ、中心偏析など(以下「中心部欠陥」ともいう)の発生を低減できる鋼の連続鋳造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
継目無鋼管は、マンネスマンプラグミル法、マンネスマンアッセルミル法、マンネスマンマンドレルミル法などの傾斜圧延法、またはユジーンセジュルネ法、エルハルトプッシュベンチ法などのプレス法により製管されるが、鋳片に中心部欠陥が存在すると、その程度次第では管に内面疵を発生することとなる。前記のような欠陥が存在する場合には、鋳片の格下げを行って対応せざるを得ないことから、歩留悪化や納期遅れなどの工程上の障害が発生する。
【0003】
鋳片の中心部欠陥を低減させる方法として、下記のような鋳片冷却時の熱収縮を調整する冷却方法が提案されている。
【0004】
特許文献1には、残溶湯プールの鋳込方向最先端位置より手前2〜15mの位置からプール先端位置までの鋳込方向に沿う鋳片表面温度を、鋳片の凝固の進行に合わせて鋼のA3変態温度もしくはAcm変態の開始温度Ta以上で、次式に示す有効鋳片表面温度Tv以下の温度に逐次強制冷却して鋳片凝固殻を収縮せしめ、鋳片断面を減面して鋳造し、中心偏析を低減する方法が開示されている。
【0005】
Tv=Ta+(TN−Ta)×0.3
但し、TN:ピンチロールを出た後の自然放冷による鋳片表面温度、Ta:凝固収縮量を補償するのに必要な凝固殻平均冷却を得る鋳片表面温度。
【0006】
しかし、ここで開示された方法は、鋳片の表面温度がA3変態温度またはAcm変態温度以上の温度範囲で強制冷却を行うため、鋳片内部にかかる圧縮力が不足し、鋳片の中心部割れを防止できない場合が生じる。
特許文献2には、残溶湯プールの鋳込方向最先端より手前0.1〜2.0mの位置から鋳片中心部の固相率が0.99以上となるまで、凝固末期強制冷却帯で鋳片表面を水量密度100〜300リットル/(min・m2)で水冷却する方法が開示されている。また、同文献では、凝固末期強制冷却帯入側の鋳片表面温度は850℃以上とし、同出側の鋳片表面温度は700℃以下とすることが必要であるとされている。
同文献で開示された方法は、鋳片の中心部に発生するセンターポロシティーまたは中心偏析を低減する優れた方法であるが、鋼種によっては、鋳片表面のA3変態膨張が発生し、鋳片内部に引張応力が作用して中心部割れまたはポロシティーが発生することがある。
また、特許文献3には、鋳片の中心部の固相率が0.1〜0.3になった時点から0.8以上になるまで25〜100リットル/(min・m2)の水量密度で水冷却を行う方法が開示されている。
【0007】
特許文献4には、鋳型の直下に設けた前段スプレー帯と凝固末期の後段スプレー帯の2つの区域で行う二次冷却において、鋳片の中心部の固相率が0.5〜0.65の領域から0.8以上となるまでの間を水量密度25〜100L/(min・m2)で水冷却を行う方法が開示されている。
【0008】
さらに、特許文献5には、鋳片の中心部が凝固を開始するまでの間を鋳片周方向に冷却強度を変化させて二次冷却することにより、非対称の凝固シェルを生成させた後、さらに未凝固液芯の中心部が凝固を開始した後から中心固相率が0.8以上となるまで、継続して冷却する方法が開示されている。
【0009】
そして、特許文献6には、直径または厚みが261mm以下の鋳片の中心部固相率が0.2〜0.8の時点から完全凝固するまで、比水量0.1〜0.4L/(kg・steel)の水冷却を継続する鋳片の内質改善方法が開示されている。
【0010】
しかし、上記の特許文献3〜6に開示された方法においても、開示された凝固末期冷却帯出側における鋳片の表面温度では、中心部欠陥を充分には軽減できずに歩留の悪化が発生することがある。また、凝固末期の冷却帯出側鋳片表面温度および中心欠陥発生率については具体的な開示がなされていない。
【特許文献1】
特開昭62−263855号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献2】
特開2001−62550号公報(特許請求の範囲および段落[0044])
【特許文献3】
特開平7−1096号公報(特許請求の範囲および段落[0010])
【特許文献4】
特開平8−19843号公報(特許請求の範囲および段落[0010])
【特許文献5】
特開平8−150451号公報(特許請求の範囲および段落[0012])
【特許文献6】
特開平8−332556号公報(特許請求の範囲および段落[0007])
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、凝固末期における鋳片表面の冷却条件を適正化することにより、鋳片のセンターポロシティー、中心部割れ、中心偏析などの中心部欠陥を低減し、鋳片、特に継目無鋼管用ビレット鋳片の品質向上および歩留り向上を達成できる連続鋳造方法を提供することにある。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記の課題を解決するために、凝固末期の冷却帯出側における鋳片表面温度と鋳片の中心部欠陥発生率との関係を調査した結果、鋳片の中心部欠陥発生率の低減に最も効果のある鋳片表面温度は、鋼のA3変態温度〜(A3変態温度−100℃)の範囲の温度、またはAcm変態温度〜(Acm変態温度−100℃)の範囲の温度であることを知見した。
【0013】
ここで、中心部欠陥発生率は、後述のカラーチェック法による鋳片中心部のシミ出し直径が5mmを超えた鋳片数の本数割合により定量化した。
【0014】
本発明は、上記の知見に基づいて完成されたものであり、その要旨は、下記のビレット鋳片の連続鋳造方法にある。
【0015】
「鋳片の凝固末期に強制水冷却する連続鋳造方法において、鋳片中心部の固相率が0.10〜0.80となる位置から前記固相率が0.99以上となる位置まで鋳片表面を強制水冷却するに際し、該強制水冷却の最終位置における鋳片表面温度を、鋼のA3変態温度〜(A3変態温度−100℃)の範囲の温度、または鋼のAcm変態温度〜(Acm変態温度−100℃)の範囲の温度とするビレット鋳片の連続鋳造方法。」
本発明において、「凝固末期」とは、鋳片の中心部の固相率が0.1から0.99以上の範囲をいう。
【0016】
「中心部の固相率」とは、中心部の固・液共存相において固相の占める分率をいい、実測または凝固時の伝熱計算により得られる温度分布および平衡状態図に基いて求めることができる。ここで、中心部とは、鋳片の最終凝固位置を意味し、例えば、丸ビレットの場合には鋳片横断面の中心をいう。
【0017】
「ビレット鋳片」とは、その横断面の直径または厚さが250mm以下の鋳片をいう。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、前記のとおり、鋳片中心部の固相率が0.10〜0.80となる位置から前記固相率が0.99以上となる位置まで鋳片表面を強制水冷却するに際し、強制水冷却の最終位置における鋳片表面温度を、所定の温度範囲とするビレット鋳片の連続鋳造方法である。
【0019】
本発明者らは、前記の強制水冷の最終位置における鋳片表面温度と鋳片の中心部欠陥との関係を把握するために、まず、鋳片の表面温度の測定行った結果、鋳造条件が同一の場合であっても、表面に形成されたスケールの状況などにより、鋼種毎に凝固末期冷却帯出側での鋳片表面温度の測定値が相異することが認められた。その理由は、鋼の成分にによって表面スケール(酸化皮膜)の生成状態が相違し、伝熱特性に変化が生じて鋼種毎に表面温度が変化するからである。
そこで、鋳片表面に形成されたスケールを鋼製の掻き棒などの機械的方法で除去して鋳片表面温度を計測し、凝固末期冷却帯出側での鋳片表面温度と鋳片の中心部欠陥発生率との関係を調査した。その結果、中心部欠陥発生の低減に最も効果のある鋳片表面温度の範囲は、鋼のA3変態温度〜(A3変態温度−100℃)の範囲、またはAcm変態温度〜(Acm変態温度−100℃)の範囲であることを見出した。
【0020】
ところで、鋳片の中心部に発生する中心部割れやポロシティーを低減するためには、少なくとも、凝固過程において鋳片の中心部に圧縮応力を作用させる必要がある。すなわち、中心部欠陥を軽減するには、最終凝固位置近傍での鋳片表面の冷却速度を鋳片中心部での冷却速度よりも大きくすること、つまり、鋳片表面の収縮量を鋳片中心部の収縮量よりも大きくすることが必要である。
【0021】
凝固末期冷却帯出側での鋳片表面温度がA3変態温度またはAcm変態温度よりも高温の場合には、鋳片表面の収縮量が小さく、したがって、中心部には充分な圧縮応力が作用せず、中心部欠陥を充分には低減できない。また、鋳片表面温度が(A3変態温度−100℃)または(Acm変態温度−100℃)を下回る場合には、鋳片表面でA3変態膨張またはAcm変態膨張が発生し、したがって中心部には引張応力が作用し、これが中心部欠陥を拡大させる。
【0022】
鋳片表面温度がA3変態温度〜(A3変態温度−100℃)の範囲、またはAcm変態温度〜(Acm変態温度−100℃)の範囲の場合には、鋳片の極く表層部のみが変態膨張するに過ぎず、したがって、鋳片中心部に引張応力を作用させるまでには至らない。このように、A3変態膨張またはAcm変態膨張の影響が極く小さい範囲であれば、鋳片表面を強冷却するほど、鋳片表面の熱収縮量が増加し、この熱収縮により鋳片中心部の圧縮効果が高まるため、中心部欠陥の低減効果も大きくなる。
【0023】
そこで、鋼種毎に、冷却水量と冷却帯出側での鋳片表面のスケール除去後の鋳片表面温度との関係を調査し、最適冷却水量を求めた。また、各鋼種毎のA3変態温度またはAcm変態温度は、示差熱分析により確認した。
【0024】
図1は、本発明法を実施するための連続鋳造装置の一例を模式的に示す図である。
【0025】
タンディッシュ1内の溶鋼3は、連続鋳造用鋳型2に注入され、鋳型2内において冷却され、鋳型と接する溶鋼の部分から凝固シェル4を形成する。外側に凝固シェル4が形成され、内部に未凝固部9を含む鋳片8は、二次冷却帯5にて強制水冷され、ピンチロール6により引き抜かれた後、さらに凝固末期冷却帯7において強制冷却され、凝固が完了する。
【0026】
ここで、凝固末期冷却帯7における冷却水量を調整することにより、鋳片表面のスケール除去後に温度測定装置10、例えば放射温度計などにより計測される鋳片表面温度が目標温度範囲に入るように制御する。
次に、本発明の範囲を限定した理由について説明する。
【0027】
a)鋳片中心部の固相率が0.10〜0.80の位置から冷却開始:
凝固末期冷却における鋳片表面の冷却は、鋳片中心部の固相率が0.10〜0.80の位置から開始する必要がある。これは、中心部の固相率が0.10未満では冷却開始時期が早すぎるため、鋳片中心部での収縮量が増大する時期において、表面での充分な収縮量を確保できなくなり、中心部における充分な圧縮応力が得られなくなって、中心部欠陥の低減効果が発揮できなくなるからである。
【0028】
逆に、鋳片中心部の固相率が0.80を超える位置から冷却を開始した場合には、冷却位置が最終凝固位置に近すぎて、鋳片中心部における欠陥低減効果を発揮するための時間的余裕が不足するからである。
b)鋳片中心部の固相率が0.99以上の位置まで鋳片表面を冷却:
凝固末期冷却における鋳片表面の冷却は、鋳片中心部の固相率が0.99以上の位置まで冷却する必要がある。これは、鋳片中心部の固相率が0.99未満で冷却を終了すると、完全凝固前に冷却が終了し、鋳片表面の復熱による熱膨張により中心部に引張応力が発生し、中心部欠陥を拡大するからである。
c)凝固末期冷却帯出側での鋳片表面温度:
凝固末期冷却帯出側での鋳片表面温度はA3変態温度またはAcm変態温度以下にする必要がある。これは、前記のとおり、凝固末期冷却帯出側での鋳片表面温度がA3変態温度またはAcm変態温度よりも高温の場合には、鋳片表面の収縮量が小さく、したがって、中心部欠陥を充分に低減できないからである。
【0029】
また、凝固末期冷却帯出側での鋳片表面温度は、(A3変態温度−100℃)または(Acm変態温度−100℃)以上とする必要がある。これは、前記のとおり、鋳片表面温度が(A3変態温度−100℃)または(Acm変態温度−100℃)を下回る場合には、鋳片表面でA3変態膨張またはAcm変態膨張が発生し、したがって、中心部には引張応力が作用し、これが中心部欠陥を拡大させるからである。
【0030】
なお、本発明の連続鋳造方法が対象とするビレット鋳片は、その横断面の直径または厚さが250mm以下の鋳片とする。鋳片の横断面のサイズがこの範囲であれば本発明の方法の効果が著しいからであり、ビレット鋳片の断面積がこの範囲を超えて過度に大きくなると、凝固末期における鋳片表面の強制水冷却による鋳片中心部の欠陥発生防止効果が低減するからである。
【0031】
また、本発明の方法を適用するのに好ましい鋼種は、炭素含有量が0.15質量%以下の炭素鋼、合金鋼、および、13%Cr鋼、9%Cr鋼、5%Cr鋼などの中炭素高Crマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼である。
【0032】
【実施例】
本発明の効果を確認するため、下記の実施例1および2の連続鋳造試験を行って、それらの結果を評価した。
【0033】
(実施例1)
表1に示す供試鋼1の成分組成を有する2%Cr含有鋼を用いて、前記の図1に示す湾曲型連続鋳造装置により直径191mmの丸ビレットを鋳造した。鋳造方法は、図1についての前記の説明と同様の方法である。
なお、供試鋼1のA3変態温度は、示差熱分析により確認した結果、870℃であった。
【0034】
【表1】
【0035】
鋳造速度は2.5〜2.7m/min、二次冷却水量は96L/min(水量密度:80L/m2/min、比水量:0.16L/kg)とし、鋳片中心部の固相率が0.10〜0.80となる位置から固相率が0.99以上となる位置までの鋳片表面を、凝固末期冷却帯において強制水冷却した。前記の凝固末期冷却帯は、長さが5mの12段リングスプレー式冷却装置により構成されている。
【0036】
凝固末期冷却帯における冷却水量を種々変化させ、凝固末期冷却帯出側において、鋳片表面のスケールを鋼製の掻き棒を用いて剥ぎ取り、その鋳片表面温度を放射温度計により測定した。
【0037】
鋳片の中心部欠陥は、鋳片端面を鋸により切断し、端面をJIS Z 2343に規定された染色浸透探傷試験、いわゆるカラーチェック法により調査し、そのシミ出し直径を求めて評価した。なお、シミ出し直径が5mm以下の場合には、製管時に内面疵は発生しなかったことから、ビレット検査本数に対するシミ出し直径5mm超のビレット本数の比率を、鋳片中心部欠陥発生率(%)とした。
【0038】
試験条件および試験結果を表2に示した。
【0039】
【表2】
【0040】
同表において、*1印を付した項目は、本発明で規定する範囲を外れることを示す。
【0041】
また、図2は、前記表2の結果を、凝固末期冷却帯での鋳片表面温度と鋳片の中心部欠陥発生率との関係として整理して示した図である。
本発明例である試験番号A1〜A5の試験では、凝固末期冷却帯出側における鋳片表面温度は、全て本発明で規定するA3変態点〜(A3変態点−100℃)の範囲を満足しており、中心部欠陥発生率が6%程度以下の良好な品質の鋳片が得られた。
これに対して、比較例である試験番号A6〜A11の試験では、中心部欠陥発生率が17〜49%と高く、非常に劣った内部品質の鋳片となった。
【0042】
(実施例2)
表1に示す供試鋼2の成分組成を有する低炭素鋼を用いて、前記の実施例1の場合と同様に、直径225mmの丸ビレットを鋳造した。
なお、供試鋼2のA3変態温度は、880℃であった。
【0043】
鋳造速度は1.9〜2.1m/min、二次冷却水量は178L/min(水量密度:126L/m2/min、比水量:0.29L/kg)とし、鋳片中心部の固相率が0.10〜0.80となる位置から固相率が0.99以上となる位置までの鋳片表面を、凝固末期冷却帯において強制水冷却した。
【0044】
試験条件および試験結果を表3に示した。
【0045】
【表3】
【0046】
また、図3は、前記の図2と同様に、凝固末期冷却帯での鋳片表面温度と鋳片の中心部欠陥発生率との関係を示す図である。
本発明例である試験番号B1〜B4の試験では、凝固末期冷却帯出側における鋳片表面温度は、全て本発明で規定するA3変態点〜(A3変態点−100℃)の範囲を満足しており、中心部欠陥発生率が2%以下の極めて良好な品質の鋳片が得られた。
これに対して、比較例である試験番号B5〜B11の試験では、中心部欠陥発生率が7〜33%と高く、劣った品質の鋳片となった。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
本発明の連続鋳造方法によれば、鋳片の冷却条件を適正化し、凝固末期における鋳片表面温度を鋼のA3変態点〜(A3変態点−100℃)またはAcm変態点〜(Acm変態点−100℃)とすることにより、鋳片の中心部欠陥を低減し、ビレット鋳片の品質および歩留りを向上できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明法を実施するための連続鋳造装置の例を模式的に示す図である。
【図2】2%Cr鋼における凝固末期冷却帯での鋳片表面温度と鋳片の中心部欠陥発生率との関係を示す図である。
【図3】低炭素鋼における凝固末期冷却帯での鋳片表面温度と鋳片の中心部欠陥発生率との関係を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1:タンディッシュ、
2:連続鋳造鋳型、
3:溶鋼、
4:凝固シェル、
5:二次冷却帯、
6:ピンチロール、
7:凝固末期冷却帯、
8:鋳片、
9:未凝固部、
10:温度測定装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention reduces the occurrence of center porosity, center cracks, center segregation, etc. (hereinafter also referred to as “center defects”) that occur in the center of a slab during continuous casting of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, etc. The present invention relates to a continuous casting method for steel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Seamless steel pipes are produced by inclined rolling methods such as the Mannesmann plug mill method, Mannesmann Assel mill method, Mannesmann mandrel mill method, or by pressing methods such as the Eugene Sejurne method and Erhard push bench method. If there is a center defect in the tube, depending on the degree, an inner surface flaw is generated in the tube. In the case where such a defect exists, the slab must be downgraded to cope with it, so that troubles in the process such as yield deterioration and delay in delivery occur.
[0003]
As a method for reducing the center defect of the slab, a cooling method for adjusting thermal shrinkage during cooling of the slab as described below has been proposed.
[0004]
In Patent Document 1, the surface temperature of the slab along the casting direction from the position 2 to 15 m before the position in the casting direction of the residual molten metal pool to the tip of the pool is adjusted according to the progress of solidification of the slab. in the a 3 transformation temperature or Acm transformation start temperature Ta or more, it deflated sequentially forced cooling to slab solidified shell below the temperature effective billet surface temperature Tv shown in the following equation, facing reduced the slab cross-section A method for casting and reducing center segregation is disclosed.
[0005]
Tv = Ta + (T N -Ta ) × 0.3
However, T N : slab surface temperature by natural cooling after leaving the pinch roll, Ta: slab surface temperature to obtain solidified shell average cooling necessary to compensate for solidification shrinkage.
[0006]
But here disclosed method, the surface temperature of the slab is the forced cooling at a temperature range of more than A 3 transformation temperature or Acm transformation temperature, the compressive force is insufficient according to the internal slab, the center of the slab There are cases where partial cracking cannot be prevented.
Patent Document 2 describes a forced cooling zone at the end of solidification until the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab becomes 0.99 or more from a position 0.1 to 2.0 m before the casting direction of the residual molten metal pool. A method of cooling the surface of a slab with water at a water density of 100 to 300 liters / (min · m 2 ) is disclosed. In the same document, it is said that the slab surface temperature on the entry side forced cooling zone entry side should be 850 ° C. or higher and the slab surface temperature on the exit side must be 700 ° C. or less.
The method disclosed in this document is an excellent method for reducing the center porosity or center segregation generated at the center of the slab, but depending on the steel type, A 3 transformation expansion of the slab surface occurs, Tensile stress may act on the inside of the piece, causing center cracks or porosity.
Patent Document 3 discloses that the amount of water is 25 to 100 liters / (min · m 2 ) from the time when the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab becomes 0.1 to 0.3 until it becomes 0.8 or more. A method of water cooling at a density is disclosed.
[0007]
In Patent Document 4, in the secondary cooling performed in two areas of the former spray zone provided immediately below the mold and the latter spray zone at the end of solidification, the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab is 0.5 to 0.65. A method is disclosed in which water cooling is performed at a water density of 25 to 100 L / (min · m 2 ) from the above region to 0.8 or more.
[0008]
Furthermore, in Patent Document 5, after the asymmetric solidified shell is generated by changing the cooling strength in the circumferential direction of the slab and performing secondary cooling until the center of the slab starts to solidify, Further, a method is disclosed in which cooling is continuously performed after the central portion of the unsolidified liquid core starts to solidify until the central solid phase ratio becomes 0.8 or more.
[0009]
Patent Document 6 discloses a specific water amount of 0.1 to 0.4 L / (from the time when the solid part ratio of the center part of a slab having a diameter or thickness of 261 mm or less is completely solidified from 0.2 to 0.8. A method for improving the internal quality of a slab in which water cooling of kg · steel) is continued is disclosed.
[0010]
However, even in the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 3 to 6 above, the surface temperature of the slab on the exit side of the disclosed end-of-solidification cooling zone cannot sufficiently reduce the center defect, resulting in a deterioration in yield. There are things to do. Further, there is no specific disclosure regarding the surface temperature of the cooling zone outlet-side slab and the center defect occurrence rate at the end of solidification.
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-62-263855 (Claims)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-62550 A (Claims and paragraph [0044])
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-1096 (Claims and paragraph [0010])
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-8-19843 (Claims and paragraph [0010])
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-8-150451 (Claims and paragraph [0012])
[Patent Document 6]
JP-A-8-332556 (Claims and paragraph [0007])
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to reduce the center defects such as center porosity, center crack, center segregation, etc. of the slab by optimizing the cooling conditions of the slab surface at the end of solidification. An object of the present invention is to provide a continuous casting method capable of improving the quality and yield of billet slabs for steel pipes.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors investigated the relationship between the slab surface temperature on the cooling zone exit side at the end of solidification and the slab center defect occurrence rate. billet surface temperature most effective in reducing the rate in the range of a 3 transformation temperature - steel range of temperatures of (a 3 transformation temperature -100 ° C.) or Acm transformation temperature -, (Acm transformation temperature -100 ° C.) It was found that the temperature was.
[0013]
Here, the center part defect occurrence rate was quantified by the number ratio of the number of slabs in which the spot diameter at the center part of the slab by the color check method described later exceeds 5 mm.
[0014]
The present invention has been completed based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is the following continuous casting method for billet cast pieces.
[0015]
“In a continuous casting method in which forced water cooling is performed at the end of solidification of the slab, casting is performed from a position where the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab is 0.10 to 0.80 to a position where the solid phase ratio is 0.99 or more. When forcedly cooling the surface of a piece, the slab surface temperature at the final position of the forced water cooling is a temperature in the range of A 3 transformation temperature of steel to (A 3 transformation temperature−100 ° C.), or Acm transformation temperature of steel. A continuous casting method of billet slabs at a temperature in the range of ~ (Acm transformation temperature-100 ° C). "
In the present invention, “the end of solidification” refers to a range in which the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab is 0.1 to 0.99 or more.
[0016]
“Center solid fraction” refers to the fraction of the solid phase in the solid-liquid coexisting phase in the center, and is determined based on the temperature distribution and equilibrium diagram obtained by actual measurement or heat transfer calculation during solidification. be able to. Here, the center portion means the final solidification position of the slab, and, for example, in the case of a round billet, the center of the slab cross section.
[0017]
“Billette slab” refers to a slab having a cross-sectional diameter or thickness of 250 mm or less.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As described above, the present invention provides for the forced water cooling of the slab surface from the position where the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab is 0.10 to 0.80 to the position where the solid phase ratio is 0.99 or more. This is a billet slab continuous casting method in which the slab surface temperature at the final position of forced water cooling is a predetermined temperature range.
[0019]
In order to grasp the relationship between the slab surface temperature at the final position of forced water cooling and the center defect of the slab, the inventors first measured the surface temperature of the slab, and as a result, the casting conditions were as follows. Even in the same case, it was recognized that the measured value of the slab surface temperature on the exit side of the final solidification zone differs depending on the steel type, depending on the state of the scale formed on the surface. The reason is that the generation state of the surface scale (oxide film) differs depending on the components of the steel, the heat transfer characteristics change, and the surface temperature changes for each steel type.
Therefore, the scale formed on the slab surface is removed by a mechanical method such as a steel scraper to measure the slab surface temperature, and the slab surface temperature and the center of the slab at the end of the solidification cooling zone are measured. The relationship with defect rate was investigated. As a result, slab surface temperature range of the most effective in reducing heart defect is in the range of A 3 transformation temperature - of the steel (A 3 transformation temperature -100 ° C.) or Acm transformation temperature - (Acm transformation temperature, -100 ° C).
[0020]
By the way, in order to reduce the center crack and porosity generated at the center of the slab, it is necessary to apply a compressive stress to the center of the slab at least during the solidification process. That is, in order to reduce the center defect, the cooling rate of the slab surface in the vicinity of the final solidification position should be larger than the cooling rate at the slab center, that is, the shrinkage of the slab surface can be reduced. It is necessary to make it larger than the shrinkage amount of the part.
[0021]
When the billet surface temperature at solidification end cooling home use side is hotter than the A 3 transformation temperature or Acm transformation temperature, low shrinkage of the slab surface, therefore, sufficient compression stress not act on the heart Therefore, the center defect cannot be sufficiently reduced. Further, when the slab surface temperature is lower than (A 3 transformation temperature−100 ° C.) or (Acm transformation temperature−100 ° C.), A 3 transformation expansion or Acm transformation expansion occurs on the slab surface. Tensile stress acts on this, which expands the central defect.
[0022]
When the slab surface temperature is in the range of A 3 transformation temperature to (A 3 transformation temperature −100 ° C.), or in the range of A cm transformation temperature to (A cm transformation temperature −100 ° C.), only the very surface layer portion of the slab Is merely transformed and expanded, and therefore, tensile stress is not applied to the center of the slab. Thus, if the effect is very small range of A 3 transformation expansion or Acm transformation expansion, the more strongly cooling the billet surface, to increase the thermal shrinkage of the slab surface, the slab center by the thermal contraction Since the compression effect of the portion is increased, the effect of reducing the central defect is also increased.
[0023]
Therefore, for each steel type, the relationship between the cooling water amount and the slab surface temperature after removing the scale on the slab surface on the cooling zone exit side was investigated, and the optimum cooling water amount was obtained. Also, A 3 transformation temperature or Acm transformation temperature for each steel type was confirmed by differential thermal analysis.
[0024]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a continuous casting apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.
[0025]
The molten steel 3 in the tundish 1 is poured into a continuous casting mold 2, cooled in the mold 2, and a solidified shell 4 is formed from a portion of the molten steel in contact with the mold. The slab 8 including the solidified shell 4 formed on the outside and including the unsolidified portion 9 inside is forcedly water-cooled in the secondary cooling zone 5, pulled out by the pinch roll 6, and further forced in the end-solidification cooling zone 7. Cooling is complete.
[0026]
Here, by adjusting the amount of cooling water in the end-of-solidification cooling zone 7, the slab surface temperature measured by the
Next, the reason for limiting the scope of the present invention will be described.
[0027]
a) Start of cooling from the position where the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab is 0.10 to 0.80:
The cooling of the slab surface in the final solidification cooling needs to be started from the position where the solid phase ratio of the slab central part is 0.10 to 0.80. This is because when the solid phase ratio at the center is less than 0.10, the cooling start time is too early, and at the time when the shrinkage at the center of the slab increases, it becomes impossible to secure a sufficient shrinkage at the surface. This is because sufficient compressive stress in the portion cannot be obtained, and the effect of reducing the central portion defect cannot be exhibited.
[0028]
On the contrary, when cooling is started from a position where the solid phase ratio of the slab center part exceeds 0.80, the cooling position is too close to the final solidification position, and the defect reduction effect in the slab center part is exhibited. This is because there is not enough time margin.
b) Cooling the slab surface to a position where the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab is 0.99 or more:
The cooling of the slab surface in the end-of-solidification cooling requires cooling to a position where the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab is 0.99 or more. This is because when the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab is less than 0.99 and cooling is completed, cooling is completed before complete solidification, and tensile stress is generated at the center due to thermal expansion due to reheating of the surface of the slab, This is because the central defect is enlarged.
c) Slab surface temperature at the end of the solidification end cooling zone:
Billet surface temperature at the solidification end cooling home use side must be less than or equal to A 3 transformation temperature or Acm transformation temperature. This is because, as described above, when the slab surface temperature of the solidification end cooling home use side is hotter than the A 3 transformation temperature or Acm transformation temperature, low shrinkage of the slab surface, therefore, the central portion defect This is because it cannot be reduced sufficiently.
[0029]
Moreover, the slab surface temperature of the solidification end cooling home use side is required to be a (A 3 transformation temperature -100 ° C.) or (Acm transformation temperature -100 ° C.) or higher. As described above, when the slab surface temperature is lower than (A 3 transformation temperature−100 ° C.) or (Acm transformation temperature−100 ° C.), A 3 transformation expansion or Acm transformation expansion occurs on the slab surface. Therefore, a tensile stress acts on the central portion, which enlarges the central portion defect.
[0030]
The billet slab targeted by the continuous casting method of the present invention is a slab having a cross-sectional diameter or thickness of 250 mm or less. This is because if the cross-sectional size of the slab is in this range, the effect of the method of the present invention is remarkable. If the cross-sectional area of the billet slab becomes excessively large beyond this range, the slab surface is forced at the end of solidification. This is because the effect of preventing defects at the center of the slab by water cooling is reduced.
[0031]
Further, preferable steel types for applying the method of the present invention include carbon steel having a carbon content of 0.15% by mass or less, alloy steel, 13% Cr steel, 9% Cr steel, 5% Cr steel, and the like. Medium carbon high Cr martensitic stainless steel.
[0032]
【Example】
In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, the following continuous casting tests of Examples 1 and 2 were conducted, and the results were evaluated.
[0033]
Example 1
A round billet with a diameter of 191 mm was cast using the curved continuous casting apparatus shown in FIG. 1 using 2% Cr-containing steel having the composition of the test steel 1 shown in Table 1. The casting method is the same method as described above with reference to FIG.
The A 3 transformation temperature of the test steel 1 was 870 ° C. as a result of confirmation by differential thermal analysis.
[0034]
[Table 1]
[0035]
The casting speed was 2.5 to 2.7 m / min, the secondary cooling water amount was 96 L / min (water density: 80 L / m 2 / min, specific water amount: 0.16 L / kg), and the solid phase at the center of the slab The slab surface from the position where the rate was 0.10 to 0.80 to the position where the solid phase rate was 0.99 or more was subjected to forced water cooling in the end-solidification cooling zone. The end-of-solidification cooling zone is constituted by a 12-stage ring spray cooling device having a length of 5 m.
[0036]
The amount of cooling water in the cooling phase at the end of solidification was changed variously. On the exit side of the cooling zone at the end of solidification, the scale of the slab surface was peeled off using a steel scraper, and the surface temperature of the slab was measured with a radiation thermometer.
[0037]
The center part defect of the slab was evaluated by cutting the end face of the slab with a saw and examining the end face by a dye penetration test, so-called color check method defined in JIS Z 2343, and determining the diameter of the spot. When the spot diameter is 5 mm or less, inner surface flaws did not occur during pipe making. Therefore, the ratio of the number of billets with a spot diameter of more than 5 mm to the number of billet inspections is defined as the rate of occurrence of defects in the center of the slab ( %).
[0038]
The test conditions and test results are shown in Table 2.
[0039]
[Table 2]
[0040]
In the table, items marked with * 1 indicate that they are out of the range defined in the present invention.
[0041]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of Table 2 as a relationship between the slab surface temperature in the end-solidification cooling zone and the rate of occurrence of defects at the center of the slab.
In the test of Test No. A1~A5 an invention example, the billet surface temperature at the solidification end cooling home use side, within the ranges of all ~ A 3 transformation point defined in the present invention (A 3 transformation point -100 ° C.) As a result, a good quality slab having a defect rate of about 6% or less in the center was obtained.
On the other hand, in the tests of test numbers A6 to A11 which are comparative examples, the central part defect occurrence rate was as high as 17 to 49%, resulting in a very inferior internal quality slab.
[0042]
(Example 2)
A round billet having a diameter of 225 mm was cast using the low carbon steel having the composition of the test steel 2 shown in Table 1 in the same manner as in Example 1 above.
The A 3 transformation temperature of the test steel 2 was 880 ° C.
[0043]
The casting speed is 1.9 to 2.1 m / min, the amount of secondary cooling water is 178 L / min (water density: 126 L / m 2 / min, specific water amount: 0.29 L / kg), and the solid phase at the center of the slab The slab surface from the position where the rate was 0.10 to 0.80 to the position where the solid phase rate was 0.99 or more was subjected to forced water cooling in the end-solidification cooling zone.
[0044]
The test conditions and test results are shown in Table 3.
[0045]
[Table 3]
[0046]
Moreover, FIG. 3 is a figure which shows the relationship between the slab surface temperature in the solidification end stage cooling zone, and the center part defect occurrence rate of a slab similarly to said FIG.
In the tests of test numbers B1 to B4, which are examples of the present invention, the slab surface temperature on the exit side of the final solidification cooling zone satisfies the range of A 3 transformation point to (A 3 transformation point −100 ° C.) defined in the present invention. As a result, an extremely good quality slab having a defect rate of 2% or less at the center was obtained.
On the other hand, in the tests of test numbers B5 to B11 which are comparative examples, the center part defect occurrence rate was as high as 7 to 33%, resulting in an inferior quality slab.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
According to the continuous casting method of the present invention, the cooling condition of the slab is optimized, and the surface temperature of the slab at the end of solidification is set to the A 3 transformation point of steel (A 3 transformation point−100 ° C.) or the Acm transformation point to (Acm By setting the transformation point to −100 ° C., defects in the center of the slab can be reduced, and the quality and yield of the billet slab can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a continuous casting apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the slab surface temperature in the final solidification cooling zone and the incidence of defects in the center of the slab in 2% Cr steel.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the slab surface temperature in the end-solidification cooling zone of low carbon steel and the incidence of defects in the center of the slab.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: tundish,
2: Continuous casting mold,
3: Molten steel,
4: Solidified shell,
5: Secondary cooling zone,
6: Pinch roll,
7: End-of-solidification cooling zone,
8: slab,
9: unsolidified part,
10: Temperature measuring device
Claims (1)
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| JP2003114426A JP4023366B2 (en) | 2003-04-18 | 2003-04-18 | Billet slab continuous casting method |
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