JP4024059B2 - Binaphthol derivative, chiral zirconium catalyst and asymmetric heterodales alder reaction method - Google Patents
Binaphthol derivative, chiral zirconium catalyst and asymmetric heterodales alder reaction method Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この出願の発明は、ビナフトール誘導体とキラルジルコニウム触媒並びに不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー反応方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術とその課題】
不斉合成反応法は、医薬品、香料、化粧料、農薬、あるいは機能性ポリマー合成等の分野において重要な手段となってきているが、この不斉合成反応を触媒的に実現することは必ずしも容易ではない。
【0003】
この出願の発明者らは、このような背景を踏まえて、ジルコニウム(Zr)化合物と各種のビナフトール化合物とから調製されるキラルジルコニウム触媒を用いての不斉合成反応の検討を進め、すでに、アルデヒド化合物とシリルエノールエーテル化合物との不斉アルドール反応が高収率かつ高anti、高エナンチオ選択的に進行することを見出している。
【0004】
このような実績から、発明者らは不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー(Diels-Alder)反応についても検討したが、必ずしも期待したとおりの満足できる結果は得られないでいた。
【0005】
そこで、この出願の発明は、以上のとおりの問題点を解消し、高い収率と高い立体選択性、優れた不斉選択性で不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー反応を行うことのできる、新しい技術手段を提供することを課題としている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この出願の発明は、上記の課題を解決するものとして、第1には、次式
【0007】
【化2】
【0008】
(式中のR1は、ヨウ素原子またはパーフルオロアルキル基を示し、R2は、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子またはパーフルオロアルキル基を示す)で表わされる化合物またはその鏡像体もしくはそのラセミ化合物であることを特徴とするビナフトール誘導体を提供する。
【0009】
また、この出願の発明は、第2には、上記のビナフトール化合物の光学活性体とジルコニウム化合物を構成成分としていることを特徴とするキラルジルコニウム触媒を提供し、第3には、ジルコニウム化合物がジルコニウムアルコキシド化合物であるキラルジルコニウム触媒を、第4には、一級アルコール化合物が併用されるキラルジルコニウム触媒を、第5には、水が併用されるキラルジルコニウム触媒を提供する。さらには、第6には、次式
【化2A】
(式中のR 1 は、ヨウ素原子またはパーフルオロアルキル基を示し、R 3 は、水素原子、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子またはパーフルオロアルキル基を示す)で表わされる化合物の光学活性体とジルコニウム化合物を構成成分とし、一級アルコール化合物と水が併用されることを特徴とするキラルジルコニウム触媒を、第7には、ジルコニウム化合物がジルコニウムアルコキシド化合物であるキラルジルコニウム触媒をも提供する。
【0010】
そして、この出願の発明は、上記のキラルジルコニウム触媒の存在下に、アルデヒド化合物とダニシェフスキージエン化合物とを反応させて、含酸素複素環の環化体化合物を合成することを特徴とする不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー反応方法をも提供する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
この出願の発明は上記のとおりの特徴をもつものであるが、以下にその実施の形態について説明する。
【0012】
この出願の発明の提供する前記式で表わされるビナフトール化合物は、光学活性なキラル触媒を構成する配位子等として機能するものである。なかでも、前記式においては、符号R1およびR2が、ヨウ素原子あるいはパーフルオロアルキル基であるものが特徴的なものとして例示される。パーフルオロアルキル基としては、一般式としては、たとえば−CnF2n+1(nは1以上の数)として表わされるが、ここで、nの数としては、より好適には、1〜8程度のものとして考慮される。さらに具体的には、たとえば−CF3,−C2F5,−C3F7等である。また、弗素原子を結合するアルキル基炭素鎖は、直鎖状だけでなく、分枝鎖状であってもよい。このような場合としては、たとえば−CF(CF3)2,−CF(CF3)(CF2CF3)等が例示される。
【0013】
以上のとおりのこの出願の発明のビナフトール化合物は、たとえば後述の実施例に例示したように、公知の化合物からの置換反応や付加反応等によって合成することができる。
【0014】
この出願の発明においては、以上のとおりのビナフトール化合物は、光学活性化合物として、あるいはセラミ化合物として提供される。光学活性なビナフトール化合物は、キラル触媒を、様々な遷移金属化合物とともに形成することができる。たとえば、Zr,Hf,Ti,Sc,Yb,Y,La,Pb,Fe、等々の遷移金属の化合物との組合わせによってキラル触媒が構成される。
【0015】
なかでも、この出願の発明の不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー反応のためのキラル触媒として有用なものが、前記のビナフトール化合物とジルコニウム化合物により構成されているものである。
【0016】
この際の光学活性なビナフトール化合物としては、たとえば次式のものが例示される。
【0017】
【化3】
【0018】
そして、ジルコニウム化合物としては、ジルコニウムアルコキシド化合物がより好適なものとして例示される。
【0019】
以上のキラル触媒を用いてのこの出願の発明の不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー反応は、アルデヒド化合物とダニシェフスキージエン)(Danishefsky's diene) との反応によって含酸素複素環の環化体化合物を得ることを目的としている。
【0020】
より詳しくは、たとえば次式
【0021】
【化4】
【0022】
(R3は、置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素もしくは複素環基を示す)
で表わされるアルデヒド化合物を、次式
【0023】
【化5】
【0024】
(R4およびR5は、各々、同一または別異に、水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基もしくは複素環基を示し、R6およびR7は、各々、同一または別異に、炭化水素基を示す)
で表わされるジエン化合物と反応させて、次式
【0025】
【化6】
【0026】
で表わされる含酸素複素環の環化体化合物を合成することである。
【0027】
上記において炭化水素基は、脂肪族、脂環式、芳香族、芳香脂肪族等の各種のものであってよい。そして、不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー反応においては、前記のキラル触媒に加えて、エタノール、プロピルアルコール、ブチルアルコール等の一級アルコール化合物、さらには水を併用することが有効でもある。一級アルコール化合物と水を共に併用する場合には、水の割合は、モル比として、0.05以上0.4以下とすることが好ましい。反応に際しての光学活性ビナフトール化合物の使用量は、3〜30モル%、より好ましくは5〜20モル%とすることが、また、ジルコニウム化合物については、1〜30モル%、より好ましくは3〜15モル%とすることが一般的に考慮される。一級アルコール化合物を添加する場合には、通常は、20〜120モル%、より好ましくは30〜90モル%が考慮される。
【0028】
反応原料としてのジエン化合物に対しては、アルデヒド化合物を、0.2〜2倍モル、より好適には0.5〜1.5倍モル程度の割合とすることが考慮される。
【0029】
反応は、溶媒中において、より好適には、炭化水素溶媒や、ハロゲン化炭化水素溶媒等を用いて、−20℃〜30℃、より好ましくは、−10℃〜10℃程度の範囲で行われる。雰囲気は、大気中でもよいし、不活性雰囲気としてもよい。
【0030】
以上のとおりのこの出願の発明の方法によって、たとえば、Zr(OBu)4と3,3′−I2BINOLまたはその誘導体、及び一級アルコールから調製されるキラルジルコニウム触媒存在下、アルデヒドにDanishefsky's dieneを反応させて、目的とする環化体を高立体選択的に得ることができる。また、6,6′位にパーフルオロアルキル基を導入したビナフトール化合物を不斉配位子として用いて反応を行うことにより、対応する環化体を高収率、高trans 選択的に得ることができる。
【0031】
そこで以下に実施例を示し、さらに詳しく説明する。もちろん、以下の例によって発明が限定されることはない。
【0032】
【実施例】
<実施例1>
不斉配位子の合成
<A>(R)−3,3′−I2BINOLの合成
(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl
【0033】
【化7】
【0034】
アルゴン雰囲気下、水素化ナトリウム(純度60%,12.6g,315mmol)を無水石油エーテルにて洗浄し、無水テトラヒドロフラン(THF,80mL)に懸濁させ、0℃攪拌下(R)−ビナフトール((R)−1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol,15.0g,52.4mmol)のTHF溶液(50mL)を30分間で滴下した。滴下終了後そのままの温度で30分間、および室温で2時間攪拌した。再度0℃に冷却した後、メトキシメチルクロリド(11.8mL,157mmol)を加えた後室温に昇温し1時間攪拌した。0℃下メタノールをゆっくり反応系に加えて反応を停止し、ジエチルエーテルとH2Oを加えて分液し、水層よりジエチルエーテルにて一度抽出した。有機層を合わせH2O、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄した後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮し、得られた固体を塩化メチレンとヘキサンから再結晶することにより目的物(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl(17.0g,収率93%)を無色プリズム晶で得た。
【0035】
【表1】
【0036】
(R)−3,3′−diiodo−1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol((R)−3,3′−I2BINOL)
【0037】
【化8】
【0038】
アルゴン雰囲気下、(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl(2.01g,5.37mmol)を無水ジエチルエーテルに溶解させ、0℃攪拌下n−ブチルリチウムのヘキサン溶液(1.54N,8.72mL,13.4mmol)を加えてそのままの温度で30分間攪拌し、さらに室温に昇温して4時間攪拌した。再度0℃に冷却してヨウ素(I2,4.77g,18.8mmol)のテトラヒドロフラン溶液(THF,25mL)を1時間かけて滴下し、室温に昇温して終夜攪拌した。反応液にメタノールを加えた後、酢酸エチルとH2Oを加えて分液し、水層より酢酸エチルにて一度抽出した。有機層を合わせ、10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で二度、H2Oで二度、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で二度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後、得られた組生成物を塩化メチン(30mL)に溶解させ、0℃攪拌下40%塩酸メタノール溶液(6mL)を加えて2時間攪拌した。反応液にH2Oを加え、析出した固体を酢酸エチルを加えて溶解させて分液した。酢酸エチルを用いて水層から一度抽出した後、有機層を合わせ、H2O、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、飽和食塩水にて順次洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮し、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)で精製し、酢酸エチルとヘキサンより再結晶して目的物(R)−3,3′−diiodo−1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol(1.06g,収率37%)を淡黄色プリズム晶で得た。
【0039】
【表2】
【0040】
<B>(R)−3,3′−I2−6,6′−(C2F5)1BINOLの合成
(R)−6,6′−dibromo −1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol
【0041】
【化9】
【0042】
アルゴン雰囲気下、(R)−ビナフトール((R)−1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol,20.0g,69.9mmol)を無水塩化メチレン(400mL)に溶解させ、−45℃攪拌下臭素(Br2,7.92mL,155mmol)の無水塩化メチレン溶液(100mL)を1時間かけてゆっくり滴下し、そのまま室温まで自然昇温し終夜攪拌した。反応液に10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(300mL)を加えて室温で3時間激しく攪拌した。反応液を分液し、10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で一度、H2Oで三度、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で二度、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後得られた固体を塩化メチレンから再結晶することにより、目的物(R)−6,6′−dibromo −1,1′−binaphthyl−2,2′−diol(25.0g,収率81%)を淡黄色プリズム晶で得た。
【0043】
【表3】
【0044】
(R)−6,6′−dibromo −2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl
【0045】
【化10】
【0046】
アルゴン雰囲気下、水素化ナトリウム(純度60%,17.3g,433mmol)を無水石油エーテルにて洗浄し、無水テトラヒドロフラン(THF,160mL)に懸濁させ、0℃攪拌下(R)−6,6′−dibromo −1,1′−binaphthyl−2,2′−diol(32.0g,72.1mmol)のTHF溶液(70mL)を30分間で滴下した。滴下終了後そのままの温度で30分間、および室温で2時間攪拌した。再度0℃に冷却した後、メトキシメチルクロリド(16.3mL,217mmol)を加えた後室温に昇温し1時間攪拌した。0℃下メタノールをゆっくり反応系に加えて反応を止めた後、ジエチルエーテルとH2Oを加えて分液し、水層よりジエチルエーテルにて一度抽出した。有機層を合わせH2O、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄した後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮し、得られた固体を塩化メチレンとヘキサンから再結晶することにより目的物((R)−6,6′−bibromo −2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl,36.5g,収率95%)を無色板状晶で得た。
【0047】
【表4】
【0048】
(R)−6,6′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl
【0049】
【化11】
【0050】
アルゴン雰囲気下、(R)−6,6′−dibromo −2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl(20.0g,37.6mmol)を無水テトラヒドロフラン(180mL)に溶解させ、−78℃攪拌下n−ブチルリチウムのヘキサン溶液(1.56N,113mmol)をゆっくり滴下し、そのまま2時間攪拌した。反応溶液にヨウ素(I2,28.6g,113mmol)の無水テトラヒドロフラン溶液(60mL)を滴下した後、室温に昇温し終夜攪拌した。反応液に10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を加えて攪拌した後、ジエチルエーテルを加えて分液し、水層よりジエチルエーテルにて一度抽出した。有機層を合わせ飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で二度、H2Oで二度、飽和食塩水で二度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、目的物(R)−6,6′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl(9.7g,収率41%)を得た(褐色板状晶)。
【0051】
【表5】
【0052】
(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bis(pentafluoroethyl) −1,1′−binaphthyl
【0053】
【化12】
【0054】
アルゴン雰囲気下、50mLのシールドチューブに(R)−6,6′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl(4.00g,6.39mmol)、trimethylpentafluoroethylsilane (TMSC2F5,純度90%、5.46g,25.6mmol,合成法後述)、ヨウ化銅(I)(3.65g,19.2mmol)、フッ化カリウム(1.48g,25.5mmol)、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF,16mL)を加えて密封し、100℃で24時間攪拌した16)。室温にて放冷後、酢酸エチルとH2Oを加えて室温で攪拌した後、セライトを用いて不溶物を濾別した。分液し、水層より酢酸エチルで一度抽出した。有機層を合わせ、飽和食塩水とH2Oの1:1混合液で三度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−塩化メチレン)にて精製し目的物(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bis(pentafluoroethyl) −1,1′−binaphthyl(3.21g,収率82%)を得た。
【0055】
【表6】
【0056】
(R)−3,3′−diiodo−2,2′−bisu(methoxymethyloxy)−6,6′−bis(pentafluoroethyl) −1,1′−binaphthyl
【0057】
【化13】
【0058】
アルゴン雰囲気下、(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bis(pentafluoroethyl) −1,1′−binaphthyl(3.17g,5.19mmol)を無水テトラヒドロフラン(THF,60mL)に溶解させ、−78℃攪拌下s−ブチルリチウムのシクロヘキサン−n−ヘキサン溶液(1.02N,30.8mL,21.1mmol)を滴下した。そのままの温度で1時間攪拌した後、ヨウ素(I2,7.92g,31.2mmol)のTHF(25mL)溶液を滴下しさらに3時間攪拌した。メタノールを加えた後、酢酸エチルとH2Oを加えて室温へ昇温して分液し、水層より酢酸エチルで一度抽出した。有機層を合わせ、10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で二度、H2Oで二度、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で二度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)で精製し、目的物(R)−3,3′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bis(pentafluoroethyl) −1,1′−binaphthyl(3.19g,収率71%)を得た。
【0059】
【表7】
【0060】
(R)−3,3′−diiodo−6,6′−bis(pentafluoroethyl) −1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol((R)−3,3′−I2−6,6′−(C2F5)2BINOL)
【0061】
【化14】
【0062】
(R)−3,3′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bis(pentafluoroethyl) −1,1′−binaphthyl(3.54g,4.11mmol)を塩化メチレン(CH2Cl3,20mL)に溶解させ、0℃攪拌下40%塩酸メタノール溶液を加え、1時間攪拌した。H2Oを加えて分液し、有機層をH2Oで二度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)にて精製し、目的物(R)−3,3′−diiodo−6,6′−bis(pentafluoroethyl) −1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol(2.81g,収率88%)を得た。不斉反応にはさらに塩化メチレンとヘキサンにより再結晶したものを用いた(無色針状晶)。
【0063】
【表8】
【0064】
<C>(R)−3,3′−I2−6,6′−Br2BINOL、(R)−3,3′,6,6′−I4BINOLの合成
(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bistrimethylsilyl −1,1′−binaphthyl
【0065】
【化15】
【0066】
アルゴン雰囲気下、(R)−6,6′−dibromo −2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl(5.00g,9.39mmol)を無水テトラヒドロフラン(THF)に溶解させ、−78℃攪拌下n−ブチルリチウムのヘキサン溶液(1.60N,14.7mL,23.5mmol)を加えて1時間攪拌した。同じ温度でトリメチルクロリド(3.06g,28.2mmol)のTHF溶液(20mL)を加えさらに3時間攪拌した。反応液にジエチルエーテルとH2Oを加え室温に昇温し、分液、水層よりジエチルエーテルで一度抽出した。有機層を合わせH2Oで二度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)で精製し、目的物(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bistrimethylsilyl −1,1′−binaphthyl(3.84g,収率79%)を得た(無色プリズム晶)。
【0067】
【表9】
【0068】
(R)−3,3′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bistrimethylsilyl −1,1′−binaphthyl
【0069】
【化16】
【0070】
アルゴン雰囲気下、(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bistrimethylsilyl −1,1′−binaphthyl(3.07g,5.92mmol)を無水テトラヒドロフラン(THF,30mL)に溶解させ、−78℃攪拌下s−ブチルリチウムのシクロヘキサン−n−ヘキサン溶液(1.02N,23.2mL,23.7mmol)を加えて1.5時間攪拌した。同じ温度でヨウ素(9.01g,35.4mmol)のTHF(15mL)溶液を加え、さらに2時間攪拌した。メタノール加えた後、酢酸エチルとH2Oを加えて室温へ昇温して分液し、水層より酢酸エチルで一度抽出した。有機層を合わせ、10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で二度、H2Oで二度、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で二度、飽和食塩水で一度順次洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)で精製し、目的物(R)−3,3′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bistrimethylsilyl −1,1′−binaphthyl(4.30g,収率93%)で得た。
【0071】
【表10】
【0072】
(R)−6,6′−dibromo −3,3′−diiodo−1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol((R)−3,3′−I2−6,6′−Br2BINOL)
【0073】
【化17】
【0074】
(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bistrimethylsilyl −1,1′−binaphthyl(2.50g,3.19mmol)を四塩化炭素(25mL)に溶解させ、0℃攪拌下臭素(1.53g,9.57mmol)の四塩化炭素(5mL)溶液を加えて同じ温度で終夜攪拌した17)。反応液に10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を加え、室温で激しく攪拌した。酢酸エチルを加え分液し、有機層をH2Oで二度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮して得られた粗生成物を塩化メチレン(10mL)に溶解し、0℃攪拌下40%塩酸メタノール溶液を加え1時間攪拌した。酢酸エチルとH2Oを加えて分液し、水層より酢酸エチルで一度抽出した。有機層を合わせ、H2Oで二度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後、得られた粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより、目的物(R)−6,6′−dibromo −3,3′−diiodo−1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol(2.08g,収率94%)を得た。不斉反応にはさらに酢酸エチルとヘキサンから再結晶したものを用いた(淡黄色プリズム晶)。
【0075】
【表11】
【0076】
(R)−3,3′,6,6′−tetraiodo −1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol((R)−3,3′,6,6′−I4BINOL)
【0077】
【化18】
【0078】
(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −6,6′−bistrimethylsilyl −1,1′−binaphthyl(300mg,0.382mmol)を四塩化炭素(5mL)に溶解させ、−15℃攪拌下一塩化ヨウ素(ICl,250mg,1.54mmol)の四塩化炭素(1mL)溶液を加えて5分間攪拌した17)。10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を加え室温で激しく攪拌した後、酢酸エチルを加えて分液し有機層をH2Oで二度、飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後、得られた粗生成物を塩化メチレン8mLに溶解させ、0℃攪拌下40%塩酸メタノール溶液(4mL)を加え、30分間攪拌した。H2O、酢酸エチルを加えて分液し、水層より酢酸エチルで一度抽出した。有機層を合わせH2Oで二度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)にて精製し、塩化メチレンより再結晶することにより目的物(R)−3,3′,6,6′−tetraiodo −1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol(185mg,収率61%)を黄色針状晶で得た。
【0079】
【表12】
【0080】
<D>(R)−3,3′−(CF3)2BINOLの合成
(R)−3,3′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl
【0081】
【化19】
【0082】
(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl(10.0g,28.5mmol)の無水ジエチルエーテル溶液(500mL)に0℃攪拌下n−ブチルリチウムのヘキサン溶液(1.59N,63mL,100mmol)を加え、そのまま30分間攪拌し、さらに室温に昇温して4時間攪拌した。再度0℃に冷却しヨウ素(29.0g,114mmol)のテトラヒドロフラン溶液(80mL)を1時間かけて滴下し、室温に昇温後終夜攪拌した。メタノールを加えた後、酢酸エチルとH2Oを加えて分液し、水層より酢酸エチルで一度抽出した。有機層を合わせ、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、H2O、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄し無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)にて精製し、得られた固体を塩化メチレンとヘキサンから再結晶することにより、目的物(R)−3,3′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl(7.16g,収率47%)を褐色プリズム晶で得た。
【0083】
【表13】
【0084】
(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −3,3′−bis(trifluoromethyl)−1,1′−binaphthyl
【0085】
【化20】
【0086】
アルゴン雰囲気下、(R)−3,3′−diiodo−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −1,1′−binaphthyl(2.85g,4.55mmol)、クロロジフルオロ酢酸メチル(5.26g,36.4mmol)、ヨウ化銅(I)(3.46g,18.2mmol)、フッ化カリウム(1.06g,18.2mmol)をジメチルホルムアミド(DMF,4mL)に懸濁させ、100℃で12時間攪拌した18)。室温まで放冷後、反応液にジエチルエーテルとH2Oを加え室温で攪拌した。反応液をセライトを用いて濾過し、濾液を分液し水層よりジエチルエーテルで二度抽出した。有機層を合わせ、H2Oで二度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過、減圧濃縮後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−塩化メチレン)で精製し、目的物(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −3,3′−bis(trifluoromethyl)−1,1′−binaphthyl(1.06g,収率46%)を得た。
【0087】
【表14】
【0088】
(R)−3,3′−bis(trifluoromethyl)−1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol((R)−3,3′−(CF3)2BINOL)
【0089】
【化21】
【0090】
(R)−2,2′−bis(methoxymethyloxy) −3,3′−bis(trifluoromethyl)−1,1′−binaphthyl(1.06g,2.08mmol)を塩化メチレン(10mL)に溶解させ、0℃攪拌下40%塩酸メタノール溶液(3mL)を加えそのまま1時間攪拌した。H2Oを加え分液し、水層より塩化メチレンで一度抽出した。有機層を合わせ、H2Oで二度、飽和食塩水で一度洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。濾過、減圧濃縮後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)で精製し、ジエチルエーテルとヘキサンより再結晶して目的物((R)−3,3′−bis(trifluoromethyl)−1,1′−binaphthalene −2,2′−diol(0.61g,収率69%)を得た。
【0091】
【表15】
【0092】
<実施例2>
次の反応式に従って、不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー反応を行い、目的とする環化体を合成した。
【0093】
【化22】
【0094】
その結果を表16に示した。また、表17には、生成物としての環化体の同定値を示した。環化体が高立体選択的に得られることが確認された。
【0095】
【表16】
【0096】
【表17】
【0097】
<実施例3>
次の反応式に従って、実施例1と同様にして不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー反応を行い、対応する環化体を、高収率、高trans選択的に得た。
【0098】
【化23】
【0099】
<実施例4>
実施例3と同様にして反応を行った。ただし、反応温度は−20℃とした。その結果を表18に示した。また、生成物としての環化体の同定値を表19に示した。
【0100】
【表18】
【0101】
【表19】
<実施例5>
この出願の発明の不斉ヘテロディールス・アルダー反応の応用として天然物Prelactone Cの合成を行った。
反応は次式に沿って行い、96%の収率で天然物のPrelactonr Cの効率的不斉合成を実現した。
【化24】
中間生成物およびPrelacton Cの同定値は次の表20のとおりである。
【表20】
【0102】
【発明の効果】
以上詳しく説明したとおり、この出願の発明によって、高い収率と高い立体選択性、優れた不斉選択性で不斉ヘテロデイールズ・アルダー反応を行うことのできる、新しい技術手段としての配位子化合物と、これを用いたキラル触媒、並びに反応方法が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention of this application relates to a binaphthol derivative, a chiral zirconium catalyst and an asymmetric heterodales alder reaction method.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
The asymmetric synthesis reaction method has become an important means in the fields of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, cosmetics, agricultural chemicals, or functional polymer synthesis, but it is not always easy to realize this asymmetric synthesis reaction as a catalyst. is not.
[0003]
In light of such a background, the inventors of this application proceeded with a study of an asymmetric synthesis reaction using a chiral zirconium catalyst prepared from a zirconium (Zr) compound and various binaphthol compounds. It has been found that the asymmetric aldol reaction between a compound and a silyl enol ether compound proceeds with high yield, high anti, and high enantioselectivity.
[0004]
From these achievements, the inventors also examined the asymmetric heterodales-Alder reaction, but did not always provide satisfactory results as expected.
[0005]
Therefore, the invention of this application is a new technology that solves the problems as described above and can perform an asymmetric heterodales-alder reaction with high yield, high stereoselectivity, and excellent asymmetric selectivity. The problem is to provide means.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of this application is to solve the above-mentioned problem.
[0007]
[Chemical 2]
[0008]
(R in the formula1Represents an iodine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, R2Is,A binaphthol derivative is provided which is a compound represented by an iodine atom, a bromine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, or an enantiomer thereof or a racemic compound thereof.
[0009]
In addition, the invention of this application provides, secondly, a chiral zirconium catalyst characterized in that it comprises the optically active form of the above-mentioned binaphthol compound and a zirconium compound, and thirdly, the zirconium compound is zirconium. A chiral zirconium catalyst that is an alkoxide compound, a chiral zirconium catalyst that is used in combination with a primary alcohol compound, and a chiral zirconium catalyst that is used in combination with water are provided fifth.Furthermore, in the sixth, the following formula
[Chemical 2A]
(R in the formula 1 Represents an iodine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, R Three Represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, a bromine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group) and a zirconium compound comprising an optically active compound of a compound represented by the formula (II) and a zirconium compound, and a primary alcohol compound and water are used in combination. A catalyst, and seventhly, a chiral zirconium catalyst in which the zirconium compound is a zirconium alkoxide compound is also provided.
[0010]
The invention of this application is characterized in that an aldehyde compound and a Danishevsky diene compound are reacted in the presence of the chiral zirconium catalyst to synthesize an oxygen-containing heterocyclic cyclized compound. A homogeneous heterodales alder reaction method is also provided.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention of this application has the features as described above, and an embodiment thereof will be described below.
[0012]
The binaphthol compound represented by the above formula provided by the invention of this application functions as a ligand or the like constituting an optically active chiral catalyst. In particular, in the above equation, the symbol R1And R2Is an iodine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group. As a perfluoroalkyl group, as a general formula, for example, —CnF2n + 1(Where n is a number equal to or greater than 1). Here, the number of n is more preferably considered as about 1 to 8. More specifically, for example, -CFThree, -C2FFive, -CThreeF7Etc. Further, the alkyl group carbon chain to which the fluorine atom is bonded may be not only linear but also branched. As such a case, for example, -CF (CFThree)2, -CF (CFThree) (CF2CFThreeAnd the like.
[0013]
The binaphthol compound of the invention of this application as described above can be synthesized by a substitution reaction or addition reaction from a known compound, as exemplified in the examples described later.
[0014]
In the invention of this application, the binaphthol compound as described above is provided as an optically active compound or as a ceramic compound. Optically active binaphthol compounds can form chiral catalysts with various transition metal compounds. For example, a chiral catalyst is constituted by a combination with a transition metal compound such as Zr, Hf, Ti, Sc, Yb, Y, La, Pb, Fe, and the like.
[0015]
Among them, those useful as chiral catalysts for the asymmetric heterodales-alder reaction of the invention of this application are composed of the binaphthol compounds and zirconium compounds.
[0016]
Examples of the optically active binaphthol compound at this time include the following formulas.
[0017]
[Chemical 3]
[0018]
And as a zirconium compound, a zirconium alkoxide compound is illustrated as a more suitable thing.
[0019]
The asymmetric heterodales-alder reaction of the present invention using the above chiral catalyst yields a cyclized compound of an oxygen-containing heterocycle by the reaction of an aldehyde compound and Danishefsky's diene. The purpose is that.
[0020]
For more details, for example:
[0021]
[Formula 4]
[0022]
(RThreeRepresents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon or heterocyclic group)
An aldehyde compound represented by the following formula:
[0023]
[Chemical formula 5]
[0024]
(RFourAnd RFiveEach independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group which may have a hydrogen atom or a substituent;6And R7Each represent the same or different hydrocarbon group)
Is reacted with a diene compound represented by the following formula:
[0025]
[Chemical 6]
[0026]
A cyclized compound of an oxygen-containing heterocycle represented by the formula:
[0027]
In the above, the hydrocarbon group may be various groups such as aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and araliphatic. In the asymmetric heterodales-alder reaction, it is also effective to use primary alcohol compounds such as ethanol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, and water in addition to the chiral catalyst. When both the primary alcohol compound and water are used in combination, the water ratio is preferably 0.05 or more and 0.4 or less as a molar ratio. The amount of the optically active binaphthol compound used in the reaction is 3 to 30 mol%, more preferably 5 to 20 mol%, and the zirconium compound is 1 to 30 mol%, more preferably 3 to 15 mol%. It is generally considered to be mol%. When a primary alcohol compound is added, usually 20 to 120 mol%, more preferably 30 to 90 mol% is considered.
[0028]
With respect to the diene compound as the reaction raw material, it is considered that the aldehyde compound has a ratio of about 0.2 to 2 times mol, more preferably about 0.5 to 1.5 times mol.
[0029]
The reaction is carried out in a solvent, more preferably in the range of −20 ° C. to 30 ° C., more preferably about −10 ° C. to 10 ° C. using a hydrocarbon solvent, a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent or the like. . The atmosphere may be air or an inert atmosphere.
[0030]
By the method of the present invention as described above, for example, Zr (OBu)FourAnd 3,3'-I2In the presence of a chiral zirconium catalyst prepared from BINOL or a derivative thereof and a primary alcohol, Danishefsky's diene can be reacted with an aldehyde to obtain a desired cyclized compound with high stereoselectivity. Also, by carrying out the reaction using a binaphthol compound having a perfluoroalkyl group introduced at the 6,6′-position as an asymmetric ligand, the corresponding cyclized product can be obtained in high yield and high trans selectivity. it can.
[0031]
Therefore, an example will be shown below and will be described in more detail. Of course, the invention is not limited by the following examples.
[0032]
【Example】
<Example 1>
Synthesis of asymmetric ligands
<A> (R) -3,3'-I2Synthesis of BINOL
(R) -2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1'-binaphthyl
[0033]
[Chemical 7]
[0034]
Under an argon atmosphere, sodium hydride (purity 60%, 12.6 g, 315 mmol) was washed with anhydrous petroleum ether, suspended in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF, 80 mL), and stirred at 0 ° C. (R) -binaphthol (( R) -1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diol, 15.0 g, 52.4 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. After completion of dropping, the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes and at room temperature for 2 hours. After cooling again to 0 ° C., methoxymethyl chloride (11.8 mL, 157 mmol) was added, and the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction was stopped by slowly adding methanol to the reaction system at 0 ° C., and diethyl ether and H2O was added for liquid separation, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with diethyl ether. Combine organic layers H2The extract was washed successively with O and saturated brine, and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration, concentration under reduced pressure, and recrystallization of the resulting solid from methylene chloride and hexane gave the desired product (R) -2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1'-binaphthyl (17.0 g, yield). 93%) was obtained as colorless prism crystals.
[0035]
[Table 1]
[0036]
(R) -3,3'-diiodo-1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol ((R) -3,3'-I2BINOL)
[0037]
[Chemical 8]
[0038]
Under an argon atmosphere, (R) -2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1′-binaphthyl (2.01 g, 5.37 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous diethyl ether, and n-butyllithium was stirred at 0 ° C. A hexane solution (1.54N, 8.72 mL, 13.4 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes, further warmed to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. Once again cooled to 0 ° C., iodine (I2, 4.77 g, 18.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (THF, 25 mL) was added dropwise over 1 hour, warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. After adding methanol to the reaction solution, ethyl acetate and H2O was added for liquid separation, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic layers, twice with 10% aqueous sodium bisulfite,2The extract was washed twice with O, twice with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the obtained assembled product was dissolved in methine chloride (30 mL), 40% hydrochloric acid methanol solution (6 mL) was added with stirring at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 2 hr. H in the reaction solution2O was added, and the precipitated solid was dissolved by adding ethyl acetate, followed by liquid separation. Once extracted from the aqueous layer with ethyl acetate, the organic layers were combined and H2The organic layer was washed successively with O, a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration, concentration under reduced pressure, purification by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-ethyl acetate), recrystallization from ethyl acetate and hexane, and the desired product (R) -3,3'-diiodo-1,1'-binaphthalene-2 , 2'-diol (1.06 g, 37% yield) was obtained as pale yellow prisms.
[0039]
[Table 2]
[0040]
<B> (R) -3,3'-I2-6,6 '-(C2FFive)1Synthesis of BINOL
(R) -6,6'-dibromo-1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol
[0041]
[Chemical 9]
[0042]
Under an argon atmosphere, (R) -binaphthol ((R) -1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diol, 20.0 g, 69.9 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous methylene chloride (400 mL), and −45 ° C. Bromine under stirring (Br2, 7.92 mL, 155 mmol) in anhydrous methylene chloride (100 mL) was slowly added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. A 10% aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite solution (300 mL) was added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction solution was separated, and once with 10% aqueous sodium bisulfite solution, H2The extract was washed three times with O, twice with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and then with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solid obtained after filtration and concentration under reduced pressure was recrystallized from methylene chloride to give the desired product (R) -6,6'-dibromo-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (25.0 g, Yield 81%) was obtained as pale yellow prism crystals.
[0043]
[Table 3]
[0044]
(R) -6,6'-dibromo-2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1'-binaphthyl
[0045]
[Chemical Formula 10]
[0046]
Under an argon atmosphere, sodium hydride (purity 60%, 17.3 g, 433 mmol) was washed with anhydrous petroleum ether, suspended in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF, 160 mL), and stirred at 0 ° C. (R) -6,6. A THF solution (70 mL) of '-dibromo-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (32.0 g, 72.1 mmol) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. After completion of dropping, the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes and at room temperature for 2 hours. After cooling again to 0 ° C., methoxymethyl chloride (16.3 mL, 217 mmol) was added, and the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. After the methanol was slowly added to the reaction system at 0 ° C. to stop the reaction, diethyl ether and H2O was added for liquid separation, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with diethyl ether. Combine organic layers H2The extract was washed successively with O and saturated brine, and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration, concentration under reduced pressure, and recrystallization of the resulting solid from methylene chloride and hexane gave the desired product ((R) -6,6'-bibromo-2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1'- Binaphthyl, 36.5 g, yield 95%) was obtained as colorless plate crystals.
[0047]
[Table 4]
[0048]
(R) -6,6'-diiodo-2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1'-binaphthyl
[0049]
Embedded image
[0050]
Under an argon atmosphere, (R) -6,6′-dibromo-2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1′-binaphthyl (20.0 g, 37.6 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (180 mL), While stirring at −78 ° C., a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (1.56N, 113 mmol) was slowly added dropwise and stirred as it was for 2 hours. Iodine (I2, 28.6 g, 113 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) was added dropwise, and the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. A 10% aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite solution was added to the reaction mixture and stirred, and then diethyl ether was added for liquid separation, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with diethyl ether. Combine the organic layers and wash twice with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate.2The extract was washed twice with O and twice with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the desired product (R) -6,6′-diiodo-2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1′-binaphthyl (9.7 g, yield) was obtained. 41%) was obtained (brown plate crystals).
[0051]
[Table 5]
[0052]
(R) -2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6'-bis (pentafluoroethyl) -1,1,1'-binaphthyl
[0053]
Embedded image
[0054]
(R) -6,6′-diiodo-2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1′-binaphthyl (4.00 g, 6.39 mmol), trimethylpentafluoroethylsilane (TMSC) in a 50 mL shield tube under an argon atmosphere.2FFive, Purity 90%, 5.46 g, 25.6 mmol, synthesis method described later), copper (I) iodide (3.65 g, 19.2 mmol), potassium fluoride (1.48 g, 25.5 mmol), dimethylformamide ( DMF, 16 mL) was added and sealed, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.16). After cooling at room temperature, ethyl acetate and H2After adding O and stirring at room temperature, the insoluble material was filtered off using Celite. The solution was separated and extracted once from the aqueous layer with ethyl acetate. Combine organic layers, saturated brine and H2The extract was washed three times with a 1: 1 mixture of O and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-methylene chloride), and the desired product (R) -2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6'-bis (pentafluoroethyl) -1,1,1'- Binaphthyl (3.21 g, yield 82%) was obtained.
[0055]
[Table 6]
[0056]
(R) -3,3'-diiodo-2,2'-bisu (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6'-bis (pentafluoroethyl) -1,1,1'-binaphthyl
[0057]
Embedded image
[0058]
Under an argon atmosphere, (R) -2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6′-bis (pentafluoroethyl) -1,1′-binaphthyl (3.17 g, 5.19 mmol) was added to anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF, 60 mL). ), And a cyclohexane-n-hexane solution of s-butyllithium (1.02N, 30.8 mL, 21.1 mmol) was added dropwise with stirring at -78 ° C. After stirring at the same temperature for 1 hour, iodine (I2, 7.92 g, 31.2 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added dropwise, and the mixture was further stirred for 3 hours. After adding methanol, ethyl acetate and H2O was added, the temperature was raised to room temperature, liquid separation was performed, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic layers, twice with 10% aqueous sodium bisulfite,2The extract was washed twice with O, twice with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-ethyl acetate), and the desired product (R) -3,3'-diiodo-2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6'-bis ( pentafluoroethyl) -1,1'-binaphthyl (3.19 g, 71% yield) was obtained.
[0059]
[Table 7]
[0060]
(R) -3,3'-diiodo-6,6'-bis (pentafluoroethyl) -1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol ((R) -3,3'-I2-6,6 '-(C2FFive)2BINOL)
[0061]
Embedded image
[0062]
(R) -3,3'-diiodo-2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6'-bis (pentafluoroethyl) -1,1'-binaphthyl (3.54 g, 4.11 mmol) was added to methylene chloride ( CH2ClThree, 20 mL), 40% hydrochloric acid methanol solution was added with stirring at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. H2O is added to separate the solution, and the organic layer is separated into H.2The extract was washed twice with O and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-ethyl acetate), and the desired product (R) -3,3'-diiodo-6,6'-bis (pentafluoroethyl) -1,1,1'-binaphthalene- 2,2'-diol (2.81 g, 88% yield) was obtained. The asymmetric reaction was further recrystallized from methylene chloride and hexane (colorless needles).
[0063]
[Table 8]
[0064]
<C> (R) -3,3'-I2-6,6'-Br2BINOL, (R) -3,3 ', 6,6'-IFourSynthesis of BINOL
(R) -2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6'-bistrimethylsilyl-1,1,1'-binaphthyl
[0065]
Embedded image
[0066]
Under an argon atmosphere, (R) -6,6′-dibromo-2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1′-binaphthyl (5.00 g, 9.39 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), While stirring at −78 ° C., a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (1.60 N, 14.7 mL, 23.5 mmol) was added and stirred for 1 hour. A solution of trimethyl chloride (3.06 g, 28.2 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added at the same temperature, and the mixture was further stirred for 3 hours. Diethyl ether and H were added to the reaction solution.2O was added, the temperature was raised to room temperature, and the mixture was separated and extracted once from the aqueous layer with diethyl ether. Combine organic layers H2The extract was washed twice with O and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-ethyl acetate), and the desired product (R) -2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6'-bistrimethylsilyl-1,1,1'-binaphthyl (3 .84 g, yield 79%) was obtained (colorless prism crystals).
[0067]
[Table 9]
[0068]
(R) -3,3'-diiodo-2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6'-bistrimethylsilyl-1,1,1'-binaphthyl
[0069]
Embedded image
[0070]
(R) -2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6′-bistrimethylsilyl-1,1′-binaphthyl (3.07 g, 5.92 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF, 30 mL) under an argon atmosphere. Under stirring at −78 ° C., a cyclohexane-n-hexane solution of s-butyllithium (1.02N, 23.2 mL, 23.7 mmol) was added and stirred for 1.5 hours. A solution of iodine (9.01 g, 35.4 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added at the same temperature, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hr. After adding methanol, ethyl acetate and H2O was added, the temperature was raised to room temperature, liquid separation was performed, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic layers, twice with 10% aqueous sodium bisulfite,2The extract was washed twice with O, twice with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-ethyl acetate), and the desired product (R) -3,3'-diiodo-2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6'-bistrimethylsilyl- Obtained in 1,1′-binaphthyl (4.30 g, 93% yield).
[0071]
[Table 10]
[0072]
(R) -6,6'-dibromo-3,3'-diiodo-1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol ((R) -3,3'-I2-6,6'-Br2BINOL)
[0073]
Embedded image
[0074]
(R) -2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6′-bistrimethylsilyl-1,1′-binaphthyl (2.50 g, 3.19 mmol) was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (25 mL) and stirred at 0 ° C. A solution of lower bromine (1.53 g, 9.57 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (5 mL) was added and stirred at the same temperature overnight.17). A 10% aqueous sodium bisulfite solution was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature. Ethyl acetate was added and the layers were separated.2Washed twice with O, once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The crude product obtained by filtration and concentration under reduced pressure was dissolved in methylene chloride (10 mL), 40% hydrochloric acid methanol solution was added with stirring at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate and H2O was added for liquid separation, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic layers and add H2The extract was washed twice with O and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the resulting crude product is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the desired product (R) -6,6'-dibromo-3,3'-diiodo-1,1'-binaphthalene- 2,2'-diol (2.08 g, 94% yield) was obtained. The asymmetric reaction was further recrystallized from ethyl acetate and hexane (pale yellow prisms).
[0075]
[Table 11]
[0076]
(R) -3,3 ', 6,6'-tetraiodo-1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol ((R) -3,3', 6,6'-I)FourBINOL)
[0077]
Embedded image
[0078]
(R) -2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -6,6′-bistrimethylsilyl-1,1′-binaphthyl (300 mg, 0.382 mmol) was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (5 mL) and stirred at −15 ° C. A solution of iodine monochloride (ICl, 250 mg, 1.54 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (1 mL) was added and stirred for 5 minutes.17). A 10% aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite solution was added and the mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature, and then ethyl acetate was added to separate the organic layer.2The extract was washed twice with O and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the obtained crude product was dissolved in 8 mL of methylene chloride, 40% hydrochloric acid methanol solution (4 mL) was added with stirring at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. H2O and ethyl acetate were added for liquid separation, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. Combine organic layers H2The extract was washed twice with O and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-ethyl acetate) and recrystallized from methylene chloride to obtain the desired product (R) -3,3 ′, 6,6′-tetraiodo-1,1 ′. -Binaphthalene-2,2'-diol (185 mg, 61% yield) was obtained as yellow needles.
[0079]
[Table 12]
[0080]
<D> (R) -3,3 '-(CFThree)2Synthesis of BINOL
(R) -3,3'-diiodo-2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1,1'-binaphthyl
[0081]
Embedded image
[0082]
(R) -2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1′-binaphthyl (10.0 g, 28.5 mmol) in anhydrous diethyl ether solution (500 mL) with stirring at 0 ° C. in hexane solution of n-butyllithium ( 1.59N, 63 mL, 100 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred as it was for 30 minutes, further warmed to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. The solution was cooled again to 0 ° C., a tetrahydrofuran solution (80 mL) of iodine (29.0 g, 114 mmol) was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. After adding methanol, ethyl acetate and H2O was added for liquid separation, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. Combine organic layers, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, H2The extract was washed successively with O and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-ethyl acetate), and the obtained solid was recrystallized from methylene chloride and hexane to give the desired product (R) -3,3′-diiodo-2. , 2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1'-binaphthyl (7.16 g, 47% yield) was obtained as brown prism crystals.
[0083]
[Table 13]
[0084]
(R) -2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -3,3'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1,1'-binaphthyl
[0085]
Embedded image
[0086]
Under an argon atmosphere, (R) -3,3′-diiodo-2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -1,1′-binaphthyl (2.85 g, 4.55 mmol), methyl chlorodifluoroacetate (5.26 g, 36.4 mmol), copper (I) iodide (3.46 g, 18.2 mmol), potassium fluoride (1.06 g, 18.2 mmol) were suspended in dimethylformamide (DMF, 4 mL), Stir for hours18). After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with diethyl ether and H2O was added and stirred at room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered using celite, and the filtrate was separated and extracted twice from the aqueous layer with diethyl ether. Combine the organic layers and add H2The extract was washed twice with O and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-methylene chloride), and the desired product (R) -2,2'-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -3,3'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1,1 ' -Binaphthyl (1.06 g, yield 46%) was obtained.
[0087]
[Table 14]
[0088]
(R) -3,3'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol ((R) -3,3 '-(CFThree)2BINOL)
[0089]
Embedded image
[0090]
(R) -2,2′-bis (methoxymethyloxy) -3,3′-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1,1′-binaphthyl (1.06 g, 2.08 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (10 mL), and 0 A 40% hydrochloric acid methanol solution (3 mL) was added with stirring at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. H2O was added for liquid separation, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with methylene chloride. Combine the organic layers and add H2Washed twice with O and once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-ethyl acetate), recrystallized from diethyl ether and hexane, and the desired product ((R) -3,3'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1,1 ' -Binaphthalene-2,2'-diol (0.61 g, 69% yield) was obtained.
[0091]
[Table 15]
[0092]
<Example 2>
According to the following reaction formula, an asymmetric heterodales-Alder reaction was performed to synthesize the desired cyclized product.
[0093]
Embedded image
[0094]
The results are shown in Table 16. Table 17 shows the identification value of the cyclized product as a product. It was confirmed that the cyclized product was obtained with high stereoselectivity.
[0095]
[Table 16]
[0096]
[Table 17]
[0097]
<Example 3>
According to the following reaction formula, an asymmetric heterodales-alder reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and the corresponding cyclized product was obtained with high yield and high trans selectivity.
[0098]
Embedded image
[0099]
<Example 4>
The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3. However, the reaction temperature was −20 ° C. The results are shown in Table 18. In addition, Table 19 shows identification values of the cyclized product as a product.
[0100]
[Table 18]
[0101]
[Table 19]
<Example 5>
The natural product Prelactone C was synthesized as an application of the asymmetric heterodiels-Alder reaction of the invention of this application.
The reaction was carried out according to the following formula, and an efficient asymmetric synthesis of the natural product Prelactonr C was realized with a yield of 96%.
Embedded image
The identification values of the intermediate product and Prelacton C are as shown in Table 20 below.
[Table 20]
[0102]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the invention of this application, a ligand as a new technical means capable of performing an asymmetric heterodales-alder reaction with high yield, high stereoselectivity, and excellent asymmetric selectivity. A compound, a chiral catalyst using the compound, and a reaction method are provided.
Claims (8)
ニウム触媒。The chiral zirconium catalyst according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein water is used in combination.
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