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JP4029026B2 - Non-asbestos friction material - Google Patents
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JP4029026B2 - Non-asbestos friction material - Google Patents

Non-asbestos friction material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4029026B2
JP4029026B2 JP2002320753A JP2002320753A JP4029026B2 JP 4029026 B2 JP4029026 B2 JP 4029026B2 JP 2002320753 A JP2002320753 A JP 2002320753A JP 2002320753 A JP2002320753 A JP 2002320753A JP 4029026 B2 JP4029026 B2 JP 4029026B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
friction material
asbestos
volume
based friction
total amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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JP2002320753A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004155843A (en
Inventor
澤村眞也
渋生田光博
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nisshinbo Holdings Inc
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Nisshinbo Holdings Inc
Nisshinbo Industries Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車、各種産業用機械等のブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング及びクラッチフェーシング等に使用される非石綿系摩擦材に関し、特に中・大型車用として高負荷の下で使用される非石綿系摩擦材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、中・大型車両用として、高負荷の条件で使用される非石綿系摩擦材においては、その摩擦係数を確保するために、スチール繊維を含有する摩擦材が検討されてきた。しかしスチール繊維を使用すると、ローター等対面への攻撃性が高くなり、対面が削られ、それにより摩擦材の摩耗も悪化し、制動時の鳴き・異音が発生するという問題があった。
【0003】
このスチール繊維を含有した摩擦材における耐摩耗性向上を目的として、石油コークスを含む摩擦材が開示されている。(例えば、特許文献1参照)また、スチール繊維を含有しないNAO系摩擦材の発明であるが、制動時の鳴き・異音の低減を目的とした、無機粒子を含有したコークスを含む摩擦材が開示されている。(例えば、特許文献2参照)
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平4−306288号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平10−8034号公報
【0005】
上記特許文献1に記載の摩擦材は、高負荷の条件下でも耐摩耗性、摩擦係数のバランスがとれた優れたものであるが、近年の摩擦材の高性能化・軽量化・小型化への客先要求の中で、400℃を超えるような高温域での使用において、摩擦係数がやや低下するという問題点を指摘されていた。また特許文献2に記載の摩擦材はスチール繊維を使わないNAO系摩擦材であり、高負荷の中・大型車用としての使用は難しく、また無機粒子を予めコークスに含有させる工程が必要であり、コスト的に不利であった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みなされたもので、低負荷においてはもちろんのこと、高負荷の中・大型車に使用した場合においても、近年の摩擦材の高性能化・軽量化・小型化また低コスト化への客先要求に対応可能な、耐摩耗性、摩擦係数のバランスがとれ、かつ制動時の鳴き・異音がほとんど発生しない非石綿系摩擦材を提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記目的を達成するため鋭意検討を行った結果、スチール繊維を含有した摩擦材において、粒径を限定した石油コークス及び硬質無機粒子を使用することにより、上記の課題が解決される事を知見し、本発明を完成した。
【0008】
即ち、本発明は、非石綿系摩擦材組成物全量に対して、石綿を除き少なくともスチール繊維を含む繊維基材を10〜60体積%、結合材を5〜30体積%有機充填材を5〜30体積%無機充填材を20〜75体積%を含む非石綿系摩擦材組成物を成形、硬化してなる非石綿系摩擦材において、前記無機充填材として、平均粒子径50〜150μmの石油コークスを前記非石綿系摩擦材組成物全量に対して20〜40体積%、及び平均粒子径5〜30μmの炭化ケイ素、アルミナ、シリカ、珪酸ジルコニウムから選ばれる1種または2種以上の硬質無機粒子を前記非石綿系摩擦材組成物全量に対して1〜7体積%を含有することを特徴とする、非石綿系摩擦材に関する。
【0010】
なお本発明の製造においては、いわゆる1次粒子を2次粒子に加工(含有)したりする工程は含まれない。従来無機粒子等を含有する摩擦材において、使用中に無機粒子が脱落し摩擦係数が低下する場合があったが、本発明の場合そのような現象は見られない。この理由は定かではないが、粒径の細かい硬質無機粒子を、範囲を規定して使用していることが関係していると考えられる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の非石綿系摩擦材は、石綿を除き少なくともスチール繊維を含む繊維基材、結合材、充填材を主成分とする非石綿系摩擦材組成物を成形、硬化してなるものである。ここで、本発明では上記繊維基材として、スチール繊維の含有が必要である。スチール繊維の平均繊維長は0.5〜3.5mm、また平均繊維径は30〜120μmがのぞましい。この範囲内であれば、摩耗性や強度は良好であり、また成形性や対面攻撃性も問題がない。またその好ましい含有量は、非石綿系摩擦材全量に対して5〜15体積%である。この範囲内であれば、充分な摩擦係数が得られ、鳴きもほとんど発生しない。
【0012】
上記のスチール繊維に加えてさらに含有してもよい繊維基材としては、石綿(アスベスト)以外の摩擦材に通常用いられる繊維基材が挙げられる。たとえば銅、真鍮、青銅、アルミニウム等の金属繊維;またセラミック繊維、チタン酸カリウム繊維、ガラス繊維、ロックウール、ウォラストナイト、セピオライト、アタパルジャイト、人工鉱物繊維等の無機繊維;アラミド繊維、炭素繊維、ポリイミド繊維、フェノール繊維、セルロース繊維、アクリル繊維等の有機繊維;等である。これらは1種又は2種以上用いることが出来る。繊維基材の添加量は、非石綿系摩擦材全量に対して好ましくは10〜60体積%、より好ましくは15〜50体積%である。
【0013】
上記結合材としては、通常摩擦材に用いられる公知のものを使用することができる。たとえば、フェノール樹脂、NBRゴム変性ハイオルソフェノール樹脂、NBRゴム変性フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、NBR、二トリルゴム、アクリルゴム等が挙げられる。これらは1種又は2種以上用いることが出来る。この結合材の添加量は、非石綿系摩擦材全量に対して好ましくは5体積%以上、より好ましくは5〜30体積%、更に好ましくは5〜25体積%である。
【0014】
さらに、本発明では上記充填材として、石油コークス及び硬質無機粒子を含有することが必要である。
【0015】
石油コークスとしては、平均粒子径50〜150μmのものを用いる。平均粒子径が50μm未満だと高温域で耐摩耗性が改善されず、また150μmを超えると摩擦係数が低下する傾向がある。また添加量は、非石綿系摩擦材全量に対して20〜40体積%が好ましい。この範囲であれば、高温域での耐摩耗性が改善され、かつ摩擦係数も満足するレベルに安定的に保持される。
【0016】
なお、本発明に用いられる石油コークスの比重は1.8〜2.1である。
【0017】
また、硬質無機充填材としては、平均粒子径5〜30μmのものを1種または2種以上用いることが出来る。平均粒子径が5μm未満だと摩擦係数が低下し、また30μmを超えると鳴きが発生しやすくなる傾向がある。また添加量は、非石綿系摩擦材全量に対して1〜7体積%が好ましい。この範囲であれば、摩擦係数が満足するレベルであり、かつ鳴きもほとんど発生しない。
【0018】
なお、本発明に用いられる硬質無機粒子とは、そのモース硬度が4.5以上の無機粒子を言い、好ましくはそのモース硬度が7以上のものである。たとえば、炭化ケイ素、アルミナ、シリカ、珪酸ジルコニウム等が挙げられる。
【0019】
石油コークス、硬質無機充填材に加えてさらに含有してもよい充填材としては、有機充填材と無機充填材が挙げられる。有機充填材として、たとえばカシューダスト、タイヤリク、ゴムダスト(ゴム粉末、粒)、二トリルゴム(加硫品)、アクリルゴムダスト(加硫品)などが挙げられる。これらは1種又は2種以上用いることが出来る。この有機充填材の添加量は、非石綿系摩擦材全量に対して好ましくは5〜30体積%、より好ましくは10〜25体積%である。一方無機充填材としては、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム、グラファイト、マイカ等の他、鉄、銅、アルミニウム等の金属粉が挙げられる。これらは1種又は2種以上用いることが出来る。この無機充填材は、摩擦材組成物全体の20〜75体積%、より好ましくは、30〜65体積%である。
【0020】
本発明の摩擦材の製造方法は、上記成分をヘンシェルミキサー、レディゲミキサー、アイリッヒミキサー等の混合機を用いて均一に混合して成形金型内で予備成形し、この予備成形物を成形温度413〜455K、成形圧力10〜25MPaで、5〜15分成形するものである。
【0021】
次に、得られた成形品を413〜523Kの温度で2〜48時間熱処理(後硬化)した後、必要に応じてスプレー塗装、焼き付け、研磨処理を施して完成品が得られる。
【0022】
なお、自動車等のディスクパッドを製造する場合には、予め洗浄、表面処理、接着剤を塗布した鉄又はアルミニウム製プレート上に予備成形物を載せ、この状態で成形用金型内にて成形、熱処理、スプレー塗装、焼き付け、研磨することにより製造することができる。
【0023】
本発明の非石綿系摩擦材は、自動車、大型トラック、鉄道車両、各種産業機械等のブレーキライニング、クラッチフェーシング、ディスクパッド、制輪子等の各種用途に幅広く用いることができるものである。
【0024】
次に本件発明の前記実施形態から把握できる技術思想を記載する。
(1)硬質無機粒子が炭化ケイ素、アルミナ、シリカ、珪酸ジルコニウムから選ばれる1種または2種以上である、請求項記載の非石綿系摩擦材。
(2)硬質無機粒子が炭化ケイ素である、請求項記載の非石綿系摩擦材。
(3)硬質無機粒子がアルミナである、請求項記載の非石綿系摩擦材。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下、実施例と比較例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に制限されるものではない。
【0026】
表1に示す組成の摩擦材組成物をレディゲミキサーにて5〜20分間混合し、加圧型内で10MPaにて1分加圧して予備成形をした。この予備成形物を成形温度423K、成形圧力20MPaの条件下で10分間成形した後、473Kで5時間熱処理(後硬化)を行ない、塗装、焼き付け、研磨して、実施例(実施例1は参考例)、比較例の乗用車用ブレーキパッドを作成した。これらのブレーキパッドにつき、下記条件で分析・試験をおこない、その性能を調べた。
【0027】
(1) 摩擦係数
JASO C407準拠、制動初速度;50km/h、100km/h、制動終速度0km/h、制動減速度;0.3G。
(2) 耐摩耗性
摩擦係数の試験後、耐摩耗性の試験を追加して行なった。ローターIn.温度;400℃、500℃、制動減速度;0.2G、制動回数;500回。
(3) 鳴き
実車試験にて鳴きの有無を判定した。
【0028】
表1

Figure 0004029026
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明の非石綿系摩擦材は、低負荷においてはもちろんのこと、高負荷の中・大型車に使用した場合においても、近年の摩擦材の高性能化・軽量化・小型化また低コスト化への客先要求に対応可能な、耐摩耗性、摩擦係数のバランスがとれ、かつ制動時の鳴き・異音がほとんど発生しない非石綿系摩擦材である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a non-asbestos-based friction material used for brake pads, brake linings, clutch facings, and the like of automobiles, various industrial machines, and the like, and in particular, non-asbestos-based materials used under high loads for medium and large vehicles. Related to friction material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for non-asbestos-based friction materials used for medium and large vehicles under high load conditions, friction materials containing steel fibers have been studied in order to ensure the friction coefficient. However, when steel fibers are used, there is a problem in that the attacking property against the rotor and the like is increased, the facing surface is scraped, the wear of the friction material is also deteriorated, and noise and noise during braking are generated.
[0003]
A friction material containing petroleum coke is disclosed for the purpose of improving the wear resistance of the friction material containing the steel fiber. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1) In addition, the invention is an invention of a NAO-based friction material that does not contain steel fibers. A friction material containing coke containing inorganic particles for the purpose of reducing noise and noise during braking is disclosed. It is disclosed. (For example, see Patent Document 2)
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-4-306288 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-8034
The friction material described in Patent Document 1 is excellent in that it has a good balance of wear resistance and friction coefficient even under high load conditions. However, in recent years, the friction material has been improved in performance, weight, and size. In a customer request, a problem has been pointed out that, when used in a high temperature range exceeding 400 ° C., the friction coefficient is slightly lowered. The friction material described in Patent Document 2 is a NAO-based friction material that does not use steel fibers, is difficult to use for high-load medium and large vehicles, and requires a step of previously containing inorganic particles in coke. It was disadvantageous in cost.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and not only at low loads, but also when used in medium- and large-sized vehicles with high loads, recent high-performance, lightweight, downsized, and low-weight friction materials have been developed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-asbestos-based friction material that is capable of meeting customer demands for cost reduction, has a good balance of wear resistance and friction coefficient, and hardly generates noise or noise during braking.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventor has solved the above problems by using petroleum coke and hard inorganic particles having a limited particle diameter in a friction material containing steel fibers. The present invention has been completed.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is to provide a non-asbestos friction material composition total amount, 10 to 60% by volume of fiber substrate including at least steel fibers except asbestos, a binder 5 to 30% by volume, the organic filler 5 In a non-asbestos-based friction material obtained by molding and curing a non-asbestos-based friction material composition containing 20 to 75% by volume of an inorganic filler , the average particle diameter is 50 to 150 μm. Petroleum coke is 20 to 40% by volume with respect to the total amount of the non-asbestos-based friction material composition, and one or more hard inorganic substances selected from silicon carbide, alumina, silica, and zirconium silicate having an average particle size of 5 to 30 μm. The present invention relates to a non-asbestos-based friction material, characterized by containing 1 to 7% by volume of particles based on the total amount of the non-asbestos-based friction material composition .
[0010]
The production of the present invention does not include a step of processing (containing) so-called primary particles into secondary particles. Conventionally, in a friction material containing inorganic particles or the like, there are cases where the inorganic particles fall off during use and the friction coefficient decreases, but in the present invention, such a phenomenon is not observed. The reason for this is not clear, but it is considered to be related to the use of hard inorganic particles having a small particle size with a specified range.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The non-asbestos-based friction material of the present invention is formed by molding and curing a non-asbestos-based friction material composition mainly composed of a fiber base material including at least steel fibers, a binder, and a filler except for asbestos. Here, in the present invention, it is necessary to contain steel fibers as the fiber base material. The average fiber length of steel fibers is preferably 0.5 to 3.5 mm, and the average fiber diameter is preferably 30 to 120 μm. Within this range, the wearability and strength are good, and there is no problem with moldability and face-to-face attack. Moreover, the preferable content is 5-15 volume% with respect to non-asbestos-type friction material whole quantity. If it is within this range, a sufficient friction coefficient can be obtained, and squealing hardly occurs.
[0012]
Examples of the fiber base material that may be further contained in addition to the steel fiber include fiber base materials that are usually used for friction materials other than asbestos (asbestos). For example, metal fibers such as copper, brass, bronze, and aluminum; inorganic fibers such as ceramic fibers, potassium titanate fibers, glass fibers, rock wool, wollastonite, sepiolite, attapulgite, artificial mineral fibers; aramid fibers, carbon fibers, Organic fibers such as polyimide fiber, phenol fiber, cellulose fiber, and acrylic fiber; These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the fiber base added is preferably 10 to 60% by volume, more preferably 15 to 50% by volume, based on the total amount of the non-asbestos-based friction material.
[0013]
As the binding material, known materials that are usually used for friction materials can be used. Examples thereof include phenol resin, NBR rubber-modified high orthophenol resin, NBR rubber-modified phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, NBR, nitrile rubber, acrylic rubber and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the binder added is preferably 5% by volume or more, more preferably 5-30% by volume, and still more preferably 5-25% by volume with respect to the total amount of the non-asbestos-based friction material.
[0014]
Furthermore, in the present invention, it is necessary to contain petroleum coke and hard inorganic particles as the filler.
[0015]
Petroleum coke having an average particle size of 50 to 150 μm is used. When the average particle diameter is less than 50 μm, the wear resistance is not improved at high temperatures, and when it exceeds 150 μm, the friction coefficient tends to decrease. The addition amount is preferably 20 to 40% by volume with respect to the total amount of the non-asbestos-based friction material. If it is this range, the abrasion resistance in a high temperature range will be improved, and it will be stably hold | maintained to the level which also satisfies a friction coefficient.
[0016]
In addition, the specific gravity of the petroleum coke used for this invention is 1.8-2.1.
[0017]
In addition, as the hard inorganic filler, one or two or more types having an average particle diameter of 5 to 30 μm can be used. If the average particle size is less than 5 μm, the friction coefficient decreases, and if it exceeds 30 μm, squeal tends to occur. The addition amount is preferably 1 to 7% by volume with respect to the total amount of the non-asbestos-based friction material. Within this range, the coefficient of friction is satisfactory and squealing hardly occurs.
[0018]
The hard inorganic particles used in the present invention refer to inorganic particles having a Mohs hardness of 4.5 or more, preferably those having a Mohs hardness of 7 or more. Examples thereof include silicon carbide, alumina, silica, zirconium silicate and the like.
[0019]
Examples of fillers that may be further contained in addition to petroleum coke and hard inorganic fillers include organic fillers and inorganic fillers. Examples of the organic filler include cashew dust, tire liquor, rubber dust (rubber powder, particles), nitrile rubber (vulcanized product), acrylic rubber dust (vulcanized product), and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the organic filler added is preferably 5 to 30% by volume, more preferably 10 to 25% by volume, based on the total amount of the non-asbestos-based friction material. On the other hand, examples of the inorganic filler include barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, graphite, mica, and metal powders such as iron, copper, and aluminum. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. This inorganic filler is 20 to 75% by volume, more preferably 30 to 65% by volume of the entire friction material composition.
[0020]
In the method for producing a friction material of the present invention, the above components are uniformly mixed using a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a Redige mixer, or an Eirich mixer, and preformed in a molding die, and the preform is molded. Molding is performed at a temperature of 413 to 455 K and a molding pressure of 10 to 25 MPa for 5 to 15 minutes.
[0021]
Next, the obtained molded product is heat-treated (post-cured) for 2 to 48 hours at a temperature of 413 to 523 K, and then subjected to spray coating, baking, and polishing treatment as necessary to obtain a finished product.
[0022]
When manufacturing a disk pad such as an automobile, a preform is placed on an iron or aluminum plate that has been previously washed, surface-treated, and coated with an adhesive, and molded in this state in a molding die. It can be produced by heat treatment, spray coating, baking and polishing.
[0023]
The non-asbestos-based friction material of the present invention can be widely used in various applications such as brake linings, clutch facings, disk pads, and control wheels for automobiles, large trucks, railway vehicles, and various industrial machines.
[0024]
Next describes a technology ideas that can be grasped from the embodiments of the present invention.
(1) hard inorganic particles is silicon carbide, alumina, silica, one or more selected from zirconium silicate, claim 1 non-asbestos friction material according.
(2) hard inorganic particles are silicon carbide, claim 1 non-asbestos friction material according.
(3) hard inorganic particles are alumina, claim 1 non-asbestos friction material according.
[0025]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are shown and this invention is demonstrated concretely, this invention is not restrict | limited to the following Example.
[0026]
The friction material composition having the composition shown in Table 1 was mixed for 5 to 20 minutes by a Redige mixer, and preliminarily molded by pressurizing at 10 MPa for 1 minute in a pressure mold. The preform molding temperature 423 K, after forming 10 minutes under the conditions of molding pressure 20 MPa, subjected 5 hours heat treatment (post-curing) at 473 K, painting, baking, and polished, the example (Example 1 Reference Example) A brake pad for a passenger car of a comparative example was created. These brake pads were analyzed and tested under the following conditions to examine their performance.
[0027]
(1) Friction coefficient JASO C407 compliant, braking initial speed: 50 km / h, 100 km / h, braking final speed 0 km / h, braking deceleration: 0.3 G.
(2) An abrasion resistance test was added after the abrasion resistance friction coefficient test. Rotor In. Temperature: 400 ° C., 500 ° C., braking deceleration: 0.2 G, number of braking times: 500 times.
(3) The presence or absence of squeal was judged in the squeal vehicle test.
[0028]
Table 1
Figure 0004029026
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The non-asbestos-based friction material of the present invention is not only at low load, but also when used in medium and large vehicles with high load, the friction material in recent years has been improved in performance, weight, size and cost. It is a non-asbestos-based friction material that can balance the wear resistance and coefficient of friction that can meet customer demands, and that hardly generates noise or noise during braking.

Claims (1)

非石綿系摩擦材組成物全量に対して、石綿を除き少なくともスチール繊維を含む繊維基材を10〜60体積%、結合材を5〜30体積%有機充填材を5〜30体積%無機充填材を20〜75体積%を含む非石綿系摩擦材組成物を成形、硬化してなる非石綿系摩擦材において、
前記無機充填材として、平均粒子径50〜150μmの石油コークスを前記非石綿系摩擦材組成物全量に対して20〜40体積%、及び平均粒子径5〜30μmの炭化ケイ素、アルミナ、シリカ、珪酸ジルコニウムから選ばれる1種または2種以上の硬質無機粒子を前記非石綿系摩擦材組成物全量に対して1〜7体積%を含有することを特徴とする、非石綿系摩擦材。
For non-asbestos friction material composition total amount, 10 to 60% by volume of fiber substrate including at least steel fibers except asbestos, a binder 5 to 30% by volume, the organic filler 5-30% by volume, the inorganic In a non-asbestos-based friction material formed by molding and curing a non-asbestos-based friction material composition containing 20 to 75% by volume of a filler ,
As the inorganic filler , petroleum coke having an average particle diameter of 50 to 150 μm is 20 to 40% by volume based on the total amount of the non-asbestos-based friction material composition, and silicon carbide, alumina, silica, silicic acid having an average particle diameter of 5 to 30 μm. A non-asbestos-based friction material comprising 1-7% by volume of one or more hard inorganic particles selected from zirconium with respect to the total amount of the non-asbestos-based friction material composition .
JP2002320753A 2002-11-05 2002-11-05 Non-asbestos friction material Expired - Fee Related JP4029026B2 (en)

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DE102007061459B4 (en) 2006-12-27 2020-10-08 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Asbestos-free friction material
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EP2937397B1 (en) 2012-12-21 2020-05-06 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Friction material
CN103453038B (en) * 2013-08-20 2015-10-28 来安县隆华摩擦材料有限公司 A kind of high abrasion clutch surface
CN110372928B (en) * 2019-07-09 2021-10-12 佛山市创意新材料科技有限公司 Anti-slip sheet for shoe sole and preparation method thereof
US11187294B2 (en) * 2019-08-29 2021-11-30 Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd. Friction member, friction material composition, friction material, and vehicle
US20220373053A1 (en) 2019-12-19 2022-11-24 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Friction material

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