JP4032345B2 - Surface-coated conductive particles, circuit connection member using the same, connection method and connection structure - Google Patents
Surface-coated conductive particles, circuit connection member using the same, connection method and connection structure Download PDFInfo
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- JP4032345B2 JP4032345B2 JP2002126548A JP2002126548A JP4032345B2 JP 4032345 B2 JP4032345 B2 JP 4032345B2 JP 2002126548 A JP2002126548 A JP 2002126548A JP 2002126548 A JP2002126548 A JP 2002126548A JP 4032345 B2 JP4032345 B2 JP 4032345B2
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- circuit
- conductive particles
- resin
- connection
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、感圧導電ポリマ(ポリフタリド)を含む組成物で導電性粒子表面を被覆した表面被覆導電性粒子に関し、それを用いた回路用接続部材、回路接続方法、回路接続構造体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、液晶ディスプレイとTCP又はFPCとTCPとの接続、FPCとプリント配線板との接続には接着剤中に導電性粒子を分散させた異方導電性接着剤が使用されている。また、最近では、半導体シリコンチップを基板に実装する場合でも、従来のワイヤーボンドではなく、半導体シリコンチップをフェイスダウンで基板に直接実装するいわゆるフリップチップ実装が行われており、ここでも異方導電性接着剤の適用が開始されている(特開昭59−120436号、特開昭60−191228号、特開平1−251787号、特開平7−90237号公報)。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年、電子機器の小型化、薄型化に伴い、回路の高密度化が進んでおり、電極の間隔や電極幅が非常に狭くなっている。また、半導体チップの接続に関して接続に用いられるバンプが小さくなりバンプ間も非常に狭くなってきている。一般に導電性粒子を含む接着剤を使用して、相対向する回路を接続する場合、接続抵抗を小さくするためには、回路またはバンプ上には導電性粒子が3個以上好ましくは5個以上あることが必要である。しかしながら、回路間の幅やバンプ間の間隔が狭くなった場合には、回路上に必要数の導電性粒子を配置するために、接着剤中に含まれる導電性粒子数を多くする必要があるが、回路間に存在する導電性粒子数も増えてしまうために、絶縁性が低下する問題がある。このような問題を解決するために、導電性粒子の周りを絶縁性樹脂で被覆して粒子同士が回路間で接触しても絶縁性が保たれるような工夫がなされている(特開昭62-40183号公報)。しかしながら、これらの導電性粒子を絶縁樹脂で被覆する方法では完全に被覆することが困難で、導電性部分が露出しているため回路スペース間が狭くなったときに絶縁性の確保が困難になっている。これを克服するために被覆する絶縁樹脂層の厚さを厚くすると回路スペース間の絶縁性は確保されるが接続抵抗が高くなる問題点がある。
本発明は、電子機器の小型化、薄型化に伴う回路の高密度化による電極の間隔や電極幅が非常に狭くなっても必要な導電性粒子数を確保し、電極の間隔方向の絶縁性の低下がなく、電極の接続方向の接続抵抗が低く、しかも接続信頼性に優れる表面被覆導電性粒子、それを用いた回路用接続部材、接続方法及び接続構造体を提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、以上のような状況で導電性粒子の周辺を効率よく被覆する方法を検討した結果、式(1)で表されるポリフタリドを含む組成物で処理することで、接続部の接続抵抗と回路スペース間の絶縁性とが両立できることがわかり、本発明にいたった。本発明は、[1]感圧導電ポリマとして式(I)で表されるポリフタリドを含む組成物で導電性粒子表面を被覆した表面被覆導電性粒子である。
【0005】
【化3】
(式(1)中、Rは、二価の芳香族炭化水素基または二価の複素環含有芳香族基を示し、R1は、水素、アルキル基、フッ素化アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはハロゲンで、これは複数個(2〜4個)であってもよく、Xは、OまたはN−R3(但し、R3は次ぎの基を示す。)を示し、Yは、SO2またはCOを示し、nはポリマの繰り返し単位の数を示す。)
【化4】
また、本発明は、[2] 加熱により流動性を有する絶縁性接着剤と、導電性粒子の表面を絶縁性物質で覆った被覆粒子からなる回路用接続部材において、前記被覆粒子は上記[1]に記載の表面被覆導電性粒子である回路用接続部材である。また、本発明は、[3] 回路用接続部材を相対向する回路電極を有する基板間に介在させ、相対向する回路電極を有する基板を加圧して加圧方向の電極間を電気的に接続する接続方法であって、前記回路用接続部材が上記[2]に記載の回路用接続部材である回路接続方法である。また、本発明は、[4] 回路用接続部材を相対向する回路電極を有する基板間に介在させ、相対向する回路電極を有する基板を加圧して加圧方向の電極間を電気的に接続した接続構造体であって、前記回路用接続部材が上記[2]に記載の回路用接続部材である回路接続構造体である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で用いる感圧導電ポリマは、具体的には、式(I)のポリフタリドが好ましく、これについて説明する。
式(I)で示したポリフタリド(以下総称してポリフタリドという)は厚みが10nm〜50000nm程度の厚みのときに、厚み方向に圧力を加えると、厚み方向の電気抵抗が大きく変化し導電性を発揮する特徴(感圧導電性)が最近見出された。このときの圧力は電極形状などの影響を受けるので一概に言えないが、4.9KPa(0.05kg/cm2)以上と比較的低圧で相対的に加圧前後で、厚さ方向の電気抵抗が6桁以上の変化(通常は、大気圧で絶縁性を示し、加圧すると導電性を示す。)を発現させることが可能となる。
ここで、電気抵抗が6桁以上の変化とは、所定電圧の印加条件で測定するとき加圧前後で電気抵抗(又は電流)の変化が6桁以上になることを意味する。更に具体的には、所定電圧での電流値が10-12Aのオーダー(絶縁物)から10-6Aオーダー以上の導電性物質に変化することを意味する。
【0007】
式(I)中のR(二価の芳香族炭化水素基又は二価の複素環含有芳香族基)としては、次の基などが挙げられる。
【化5】
【0008】
ここで、R2は、前記R1と同様で、水素、アルキル基、フッ素化アルキル基、アルコキシ基又はハロゲン(フッ素や塩素など)で、これは複数個(2〜4個)であってもよい。
また、Ar1は、次の基などである。
【化6】
【0009】
また、Ar2は、次の基などである。
【化7】
【0010】
ポリフタリドは、単独重合物であっても、共重合物であっても、あるいは、これらのブレンド物であってもよい。
また、感度や接着性等の諸特性を向上させるために、フタリド環を有するフェノール樹脂やフタリド環を有するエポキシ樹脂を添加することができる。
フタリド環を有するフェノール樹脂としては、フェノールフタレイン、フェノールレッド、o−クレゾールフタレイン、チモールフタレイン、クレゾールレッド等とホルムアルデヒドとを反応させて得られる樹脂で、通常、反応に際してフェノールやクレゾール等を加えてコオリゴマーとしたもの(生成物)を用いることができる。
【0011】
フタリド環を有するエポキシ樹脂としては、式(I)で示されたフタリド環(又はスルホフタリド環)を有するフェノール化合物とエピクロルヒドリンとを反応させて得られた樹脂を用いることができる。
【0012】
フタリド環を有するフェノール樹脂やフタリド環を有するエポキシ樹脂は、50重量%を超えない範囲で配合することができる。50重量%を超えて使用すると、成形後の皮膜がもろくなりやすい。なお、ここで重量%とは、溶媒を除く不揮発成分の量を100としたときの百分率である。
また、スチレン-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体、スチレン-イソプレン-スチレン共重合体などの熱可塑性樹脂や、エポキシ樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、マレイミド樹脂、シトラコンイミド樹脂、ナジイミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂などを特性がそこなわない範囲で使用することができる。さらに促進剤、老化防止剤、着色剤、難燃剤、カップリング剤等の添加剤を添加しても良い。
【0013】
本発明で使用する導電性粒子は、電気的接続を得ることができる導電性を有していればとくに制限はないが、金、銀、ニッケル、銅、コバルト、はんだなどの金属粒子やカーボン、または、セラミックス、プラスチックなどを前記した導電物質で被覆したものも使用できる。さらにその前記導電性物質を被覆した粒子を金、銀で被覆したものも使用できる。このとき、被覆する金属層の厚さは十分な導電性を得るためには100Å以上が好ましい。
本発明で使用する導電性粒子をポリフタリドで表面を被覆する方法としては、表面をほぼ均一な状態で被覆できれば特にその方法に制限はないが、通常はポリフタリドを溶解した溶液中に前記導電性粒子を浸漬、撹拌後、ろ過等の方法で導電粒子を分離する方法が好ましい。
【0014】
溶媒としては、式(I)のポリフタリドを溶解させることができれば特に制限はなく、例えば、シクロヘキサノン、ニトロベンゼン、ベンゾニトリル、3−ヒドロキシベンゾトリフルオリド、テトラクロルエタン、クレゾール、クロロホルム、ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、スルホラン、sym−テトラクロルエタン、メチレンクロライドなどの有機溶媒が使用できる。処理液中に含まれるポリフタリドの濃度としては、0.05重量%〜20重量%が好ましい。0.05重量%以下であると表面処理が有効に行われず、20重量%以上になると導電性粒子表面に被覆されるポリフタリドの量が多くなり、接続抵抗が高くなってしまう。
処理をする場合の温度時間は特に制限はないが、おおむね処理温度20〜100℃、処理時間10秒〜1時間の範囲である
また、処理した導電粒子はろ過後乾燥して使用する。乾燥条件は使用する有機溶媒により適宜選択されるが、室温〜250℃で行う。前記導電性粒子としてプラスチックなどを前記導電物質で被覆したものを用いるときは、プラスチックの耐熱性にも考慮し、乾燥温度は200℃以下で行うことが好ましい。
【0015】
被覆する膜の厚さはを10nm〜50,000nm(すなわち、0.01μm〜50μm)が好ましい。厚さ方向に加圧するとき、加圧前後で、厚さ方向の電気抵抗が6桁以上に変化させるためにはこの厚みが好ましいからである。言いかえれば、被覆の厚さが10nm未満では加圧前(常圧)における絶縁性が十分でなく、50,000nmを超えると、加圧しても電気抵抗が大きく変化しないからである。
また、前記ポリフタリドで表面を被覆した導電性粒子のほかに、被覆していない導電性粒子を混合して使用することもできる。被覆していない導電性粒子としては、金、銀、ニッケル、銅、コバルト、はんだなどの金属粒子やカーボン、または、セラミックス、プラスチックなどを前記した導電物質で被覆したものである。
【0016】
本発明に使用する加熱により流動性を有する絶縁性接着剤は、熱硬化系接着剤、ラジカル硬化系接着剤、光硬化系接着剤、熱可塑系接着剤(ホットメルト)を用いることができる。加熱により流動性を有するとは、加熱することで流動性を示すものである。
熱硬化系接着剤は、エポキシ樹脂、潜在性硬化剤を含み、フィルム状接着剤とする場合にはフィルム形成材を含むことが好ましい。エポキシ樹脂は、エピクロルヒドリンとビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールAD、ビスフェノールS等から誘導されるビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂、エピクロルヒドリンとフェノールノボラックやクレゾールノボラックから誘導されるエポキシノボラック樹脂やナフタレン環を含んだ骨格を有するナフタレン系エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルアミン、グリシジルエーテル、ビフェニル、脂環式等の1分子内に2個以上のグリシジル基を有する各種のエポキシ化合物等を単独にあるいは2種以上を混合して用いることが可能である。これらのエポキシ樹脂は、不純物イオン(Na+、Cl-等)や、加水分解性塩素等を300ppm以下に低減した高純度品を用いることがエレクトロンマイグレーション防止のために好ましい。
【0017】
潜在性硬化剤は、イミダゾール系、ヒドラジド系、アミンイミド、ジシアンジアミド等が挙げられる。これらは、単独または混合して使用することができ、分解促進剤、抑制剤等を混合して用いてもよい。また、これらの硬化剤をポリウレタン系、ポリエステル系の高分子物質等で被覆してマイクロカプセル化したものは、可使時間が延長されるために好ましい。潜在性硬化剤の配合量は充分な反応率を得るために、フィルム形成材とエポキシ樹脂の合計100重量部に対して、0.1〜60重量部とするのが好ましく1〜20重量部がより好ましい。潜在性硬化剤の配合量が0.1重量部未満では、充分な反応率を得ることができず良好な接着強度や小さな接続抵抗が得られにくくなる傾向にある。潜在性硬化剤の配合量が60重量部を超えると、接着剤の流動性が低下したり、接続抵抗が上昇したり、接着剤のポットライフが短くなる傾向にある。
【0018】
フィルム形成材は、液状物を固形化し、構成組成物をフィルム形状とした場合に、そのフィルムの取り扱いが容易で、容易に裂けたり、割れたり、ベたついたりしない機械特性等を付与するものであり、通常の状態でフィルムとしての取り扱いができるものである。フィルム形成材は、フィルム形成性の他に接着性、硬化時の応力緩和性を付与するためにも配合することができる。
フィルム形成材としては、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリビニルホルマール樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、キシレン樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂等が挙げられる。フィルム形成材の中でも接着性、相溶性、耐熱性、機械強度に優れることからフェノキシ樹脂が好ましい。フェノキシ樹脂は2官能フェノール類とエピハロヒドリンを高分子量まで反応させるか、又は2官能エポキシ樹脂と2官能フェノール類を重付加させることにより得られる樹脂である。具体的には、2官能フェノール類1モルとエピハロヒドリン0.985〜1.015とをアルカリ金属水酸化物の存在下で非反応性溶媒中で40〜120℃の温度で反応させることにより得ることができる。
また、樹脂の機械的特性や熱的特性の点からは、特に2官能性エポキシ樹脂と2官能性フェノール類の配合当量比をエポキシ基/フェノール水酸基=1/0.9〜1/1.1としアルカリ金属化合物、有機リン系化合物、環状アミン系化合物等の触媒の存在下で沸点が120℃以上のアミド系、エーテル系、ケトン系、ラクトン系、アルコール系等の有機溶剤中で反応固形分が50重量部以下で50〜200℃に加熱して重付加反応させて得たものが好ましい。2官能エポキシ樹脂としては、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールAD型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールS型エポキシ樹脂などが挙げられる。2官能フェノール類は2個のフェノール性水酸基を持つもので、例えば、ハイドロキノン類、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールAD、ビスフェノールS等のビスフェノール類などが挙げられる。フェノキシ樹脂は、ラジカル重合性の官能基やエポキシ基,カルボキシル基などで変成されていても良く、この場合耐熱性が向上する。 また、フェノキシ樹脂は、その分子内に多環芳香族化合物に起因する分子構造を有するものでもよい。例えばナフタレン、ビフェニル、アセナフテン、フルオレン、ジベンゾフラン、アントラセン、フェナンスレン等のジヒドロキシ化合物であり、特に好ましくは9,9’−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレンである。
フィルム形成材の配合量は、2〜80重量%であり、5〜70重量%が好ましく、10〜60重量%が特に好ましい。2重量%未満では、応力緩和や接着力が十分でなく、80重量%を超えると流動性が低下する。フィルム形成材は、接着剤をフィルム化する際に必要であるが、ワニス、ペースト状で使用する場合はなくてもよい。
【0019】
ラジカル硬化系接着剤は、ラジカル重合性化合物、重合開始剤を含み、フィルム化する場合はフィルム形成性を含有することが好ましい。
ラジカル重合性化合物は、ラジカルにより重合する官能基を有する化合物で、(メタ)アクリレート樹脂、マレイミド樹脂、シトラコンイミド樹脂、ナジイミド樹脂などがあり、2種類以上を混合して使用してもよい。またラジカル重合性化合物は、モノマー、オリゴマーいずれの状態でも使用することができ、モノマーとオリゴマーを混合して用いてもよい。
(メタ)アクリレート樹脂としては、(メタ)アクリレートをラジカル重合させることで得られるもので、(メタ)アクリレートとしてはメチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラメチレングリコールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ジアクリロキシプロパン、2,2−ビス[4−(アクリロキシメトキシ)フェニル]プロパン、2,2−ビス[4−(アクリロキシエトキシ)フェニル]プロパン、ジシクロペンテニル(メタ)アクリレート、トリシクロデカニル(メタ)アクリレート、トリス(アクリロキシエチル)イソシアヌレート、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート、イソシアヌール酸エチレンオキシド変性ジアクリレートなどが挙げられ、単独または2種類以上を混合して用いても良い。また、必要によっては、ハイドロキノン、メチルエーテルハイドロキノン等のラジカル重合禁止剤を硬化性が損なわれない範囲で使用しても良い。
【0020】
さらに、ラジカル重合性化合物としてリン酸エステル化合物を使用した場合、金属等無機物に対する接着力を向上することができる。このリン酸エステル化合物の使用量は、0.1〜10重量部であり、好ましくは0.5〜5重量部である。リン酸エステル化合物は、無水リン酸と2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレートの反応生成物として得られる。具体的には、モノ(2−メタクリロイルオキシエチル)アシッドホスフェート、ジ(2−メタクリロイルオキシエチル)アシッドホスフェート等が有り、単独でも混合して使用しても良い。
【0021】
マレイミド樹脂としては、分子中にマレイミド基を少なくとも1個有しているもので、例えば、フェニルマレイミド、1−メチル−2,4−ビスマレイミドベンゼン、N,N'−m−フェニレンビスマレイミド、N,N'−p−フェニレンビスマレイミド、N,N'−4,4−ビフェニレンビスマレイミド、N,N'−4,4−(3,3−ジメチルビフェニレン)ビスマレイミド、N,N'−4,4−(3,3−ジメチルジフェニルメタン)ビスマレイミド、N,N'−4,4−(3,3−ジエチルジフェニルメタン)ビスマレイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルメタンビスマレイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルプロパンビスマレイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルエーテルビスマレイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルスルホンビスマレイミド、2,2−ビス(4−(4−マレイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)プロパン、2,2−ビス(3−s−ブチル−3,4−(4−マレイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)プロパン、1,1−ビス(4−(4−マレイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)デカン、4,4'−シクロヘキシリデン−ビス(1−(4−マレイミドフェノキシ)フェノキシ)−2−シクロヘキシルベンゼン、2,2−ビス(4−(4−マレイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンなどが挙げられ、単独でも2種類以上を混合して使用しても良い。
【0022】
シトラコンイミド樹脂としては、分子中にシトラコンイミド基を少なくとも1個有しているシトラコンイミド化合物を重合させたもので、シトラコンイミド化合物としては、例えば、フェニルシトラコンイミド、1−メチル−2,4−ビスシトラコンイミドベンゼン、N,N'−m−フェニレンビスシトラコンイミド、N,N'−p−フェニレンビスシトラコンイミド、N,N'−4,4−ビフェニレンビスシトラコンイミド、N,N'−4,4−(3,3−ジメチルビフェニレン)ビスシトラコンイミド、N,N'−4,4−(3,3−ジメチルジフェニルメタン)ビスシトラコンイミド、N,N'−4,4−(3,3−ジエチルジフェニルメタン)ビスシトラコンイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルメタンビスシトラコンイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルプロパンビスシトラコンイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルエーテルビスシトラコンイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルスルホンビスシトラコンイミド、2,2−ビス(4−(4−シトラコンイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)プロパン、2,2−ビス(3−s−ブチル−3,4−(4−シトラコンイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)プロパン、1,1−ビス(4−(4−シトラコンイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)デカン、4,4'−シクロヘキシリデン−ビス(1−(4−シトラコンイミドフェノキシ)フェノキシ)−2−シクロヘキシルベンゼン、2,2−ビス(4−(4−シトラコンイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンなどが有り、単独でも2種類以上を混合して使用しても良い。
【0023】
ナジイミド樹脂としては、分子中にナジイミド基を少なくとも1個有しているナジイミド化合物を重合したもので、ナジイミド化合物としては、例えば、フェニルナジイミド、1−メチル−2,4−ビスナジイミドベンゼン、N,N'−m−フェニレンビスナジイミド、N,N'−p−フェニレンビスナジイミド、N,N'−4,4−ビフェニレンビスナジイミド、N,N'−4,4−(3,3−ジメチルビフェニレン)ビスナジイミド、N,N'−4,4−(3,3−ジメチルジフェニルメタン)ビスナジイミド、N,N'−4,4−(3,3−ジエチルジフェニルメタン)ビスナジイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルメタンビスナジイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルプロパンビスナジイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルエーテルビスナジイミド、N,N'−4,4−ジフェニルスルホンビスナジイミド、2,2−ビス(4−(4−ナジイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)プロパン、2,2−ビス(3−s−ブチル−3,4−(4−ナジイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)プロパン、1,1−ビス(4−(4−ナジイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)デカン、4,4'−シクロヘキシリデン−ビス(1−(4−ナジイミドフェノキシ)フェノキシ)−2−シクロヘキシルベンゼン、2,2−ビス(4−(4−ナジイミドフェノキシ)フェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンなどが有り、単独でも2種類以上を混合して使用しても良い。
【0024】
上記ラジカル重合性化合物を使用した場合には、重合開始剤を使用する。重合開始剤としては、光または加熱によってラジカルを発生する化合物であれば特に制限はなく、過酸化物、アゾ化合物などがあり、目的とする接続温度、接続時間、保存安定性等を考慮し適宜選択されるが、高反応性と保存安定性の点から、半減期10時間の温度が、40℃以上かつ、半減期1分の温度が180℃以下の有機過酸化物が好ましく、半減期10時間の温度が、50℃以上かつ、半減期1分の温度が170℃以下の有機過酸化物が特に好ましい。接続時間を10秒とした場合、十分な反応率を得るための重合開始剤の配合量は、1〜20重量%が好ましく、2〜15重量%が特に好ましい。使用される有機過酸化物の具体的な化合物としては、ジアシルパーオキサイド、パーオキシジカーボネート、パーオキシエステル、パーオキシケタール、ジアルキルパーオキサイド、ハイドロパーオキサイド、シリルパーオキサイドなどから選定できるが、パーオキシエステル、ジアルキルパーオキサイド、ハイドロパーオキサイド、シリルパーオキサイドは、開始剤中の塩素イオンや有機酸が5000ppm以下であり、分解後に発生する有機酸が少なく、電極の腐食を抑えることができるため特に好ましい。
【0025】
ジアシルパーオキサイド類としては、イソブチルパーオキサイド、2,4−ジクロロベンゾイルパーオキサイド、3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサノイルパーオキサイド、オクタノイルパーオキサイド、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、ステアロイルパーオキサイド、スクシニックパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキシトルエン、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド等が挙げられる。
【0026】
パーオキシジカーボネート類としては、ジ−n−プロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ビス(4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル)パーオキシジカーボネート、ジ−2−エトキシメトキシパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ(2−エチルヘキシルパーオキシ)ジカーボネート、ジメトキシブチルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ(3−メチル−3−メトキシブチルパーオキシ)ジカーボネート等が挙げられる。
【0027】
パーオキシエステル類としては、クミルパーオキシネオデカノエート、1,1,3,3−テトラメチルブチルパーオキシネオデカノエート、1−シクロヘキシル−1−メチルエチルパーオキシノエデカノエート、t−へキシルパーオキシネオデカノエート、t−ブチルパーオキシピバレート、1,1,3,3−テトラメチルブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノネート、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(2−エチルヘキサノイルパーオキシ)ヘキサン、1−シクロヘキシル−1−メチルエチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノネート、t−へキシルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノネート、t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノネート、t−ブチルパーオキシイソブチレート、1,1−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、t−へキシルパーオキシイソプロピルモノカーボネート、t−ブチルパーオキシ−3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサノネート、t−ブチルパーオキシラウレート、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(m−トルオイルパーオキシ)ヘキサン、t−ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルモノカーボネート、t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキシルモノカーボネート、t−へキシルパーオキシベンゾエート、t−ブチルパーオキシアセテート等を挙げることができる。
【0028】
パーオキシケタール類では、1,1−ビス(t−ヘキシルパーオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,1−ビス(t−ヘキシルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、1,1−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,1−(t−ブチルパーオキシ)シクロドデカン、2,2−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)デカン等が挙げられる。
【0029】
ジアルキルパーオキサイド類では、α,α’−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ジイソプロピルベンゼン、ジクミルパーオキサイド、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサン、t−ブチルクミルパーオキサイド等が挙げられる。
【0030】
ハイドロパーオキサイド類では、ジイソプロピルベンゼンハイドロパーオキサイド、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド等が挙げられる。
【0031】
シリルパーオキサイド類としては、t−ブチルトリメチルシリルパーオキサイド、ビス(t−ブチル)ジメチルシリルパーオキサイド、t−ブチルトリビニルシリルパーオキサイド、ビス(t−ブチル)ジビニルシリルパーオキサイド、トリス(t−ブチル)ビニルシリルパーオキサイド、t−ブチルトリアリルシリルパーオキサイド、ビス(t−ブチル)ジアリルシリルパーオキサイド、トリス(t−ブチル)アリルシリルパーオキサイド等が挙げられる。
【0032】
また、電極の腐食を抑えるために、硬化剤中に含有される塩素イオンや有機酸は5000ppm以下であることが好ましく、さらに、加熱分解後に発生する有機酸が少ないものがより好ましい。また、作製した接着剤の安定性が向上することから室温(25℃)、常圧下で24時間の開放放置後に20重量%以上の重量保持率を有することが好ましい。これらは適宜混合して用いることができる。
これらの遊離ラジカル発生剤は単独または混合して使用することができ、分解促進剤、抑制剤等を混合して用いても良い。
また、これらの遊離ラジカル発生剤をポリウレタン系、ポリエステル系の高分子物質等で被覆してマイクロカプセル化したものは、可使時間が延長されるために好ましい。
【0033】
フィルム形成材は、上記と同様である。
ラジカル重合性化合物以外に熱硬化性樹脂として上記のエポキシ樹脂を配合することもできる。これらのエポキシ樹脂は、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、このエポキシ樹脂の硬化剤としては、アミン類、フェノール類、酸無水物類、イミダゾール類、ジシアンジアミド等通常のエポキシ樹脂の硬化剤として使用されているものが挙げられる。さらには、硬化促進剤として通常使用されている3級アミン類、有機リン系化合物を適宜使用しても良い。
また、エポキシ樹脂を反応させる方法として、前記硬化剤を使用する以外に、スルホニウム塩、ヨードニウム塩等使用して、カチオン重合させても良い。
【0034】
光硬化系接着剤は、光カチオン重合性化合物、主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射または加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤を含むことが好ましい。
光カチオン重合性化合物として、エポキシ化合物、ビニルエーテル化合物、オキセタン化合物及び環状エーテル化合物から1つ以上選ばれる。
主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射または加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤として、芳香族スルホニウム塩、ヨードニウム塩、鉄−アレーン錯体、芳香族スルホニウム塩、脂肪族スルホニウム塩などから選ばれる少なくとも一種である。
主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤は、主として180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射によってカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤であり、光照射により発生するカチオン種を指すが、加熱によって発生したカチオン種を含んでも良く、光照射により発生するカチオン種が多いとの意味である。また、主に加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤は、主として加熱によってカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤であり、加熱により発生するカチオン種を指すが、光照射によって発生したカチオン種を含んでも良く、加熱により発生するカチオン種が多いとの意味である。光カチオン重合性化合物としては、主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射、または主に加熱により発生したカチオン種によって重合する官能基を有する化合物であり、エポキシ化合物、ビニルエーテル化合物、オキセタン化合物及び環状エーテル化合物等が挙げられる。
【0035】
エポキシ化合物としては、1分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するものであれば特に制限なく、公知のものを使用しうる。例えば、エピクロルヒドリンとビスフェノールAやビスフェノールF等から誘導されるビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂や、ポリグリシジルエーテル、ポリグリシジルエステル、芳香族エポキシ化合物、脂環式エポキシ化合物、クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂等のノボラック型エポキシ化合物、グリシジルアミン系エポキシ化合物、グリシジルエステル系エポキシ化合物、ビフェニルジグリシジルエーテル、トリグリシジルイソシアヌレート、ポリグリシジルメタクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレートとこれと共重合可能なビニル単量体との共重合体等が挙げられる。これらは単独又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用される。
【0036】
ビニルエーテル化合物としては、アルキルビニルエーテル化合物、アルケニルビニルエーテル化合物、アルキニルビニルエーテル化合物、アリールビニルエーテル化合物等が挙げられる。
【0037】
オキセタン化合物としては、オキセタンアルコール、脂肪族オキセタン化合物、芳香族オキセタン化合物等が挙げられる。
環状エーテル化合物としては、テトラヒドロフラン化合物、テトラヒドロピラン化合物等が挙げられる。
これらの中では、他の化合物と比較すると分子量の異なるグレードが広く入手可能で、接着性や反応性、硬化特性等を任意に設定できる点から、エポキシ化合物が好ましい。
【0038】
光カチオン重合性化合物の含有量としては、接着剤全体に対して10〜90重量%とするのが好ましく、25〜75重量%とするのがより好ましい。
含有量が10重量%未満の場合、硬化物の物性に乏しい接着剤しか得ることができず、含有量が90重量%を超えると、例えば硬化収縮率の大きな光カチオン重合性化合物を使用した場合、これを他の配合成分によって緩和する等の手段を用いることが困難になる。
【0039】
エポキシ化合物のエポキシ当量は、43〜1000が好ましく、50〜800がより好ましく、73〜600が特に好ましい。エポキシ当量が43未満又は1000を超えると、電極の接続時に、接着強度が低下する傾向がある。これらのエポキシ化合物は、不純物イオン(Na+、Cl-等)や、加水分解性塩素等を300ppm以下に低減した高純度品を用いることが、エレクトロンマイグレーション防止のために好ましい。
【0040】
主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤、主に加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤としては、芳香族ジアゾニウム塩、芳香族スルホニウム塩、脂肪族スルホニウム塩、芳香族ヨードニウム塩、ホスホニウム塩、ピリジニウム塩、セレノニウム塩等のオニウム塩や金属アレーン錯体、シラノール/アルミニウム錯体等の錯体化合物、ベンゾイントシレート、o−ニトロベンジルトシレート等を用いることができる。また、塩を形成する際の対アニオンとしてはヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、テトラフルオロボレート、テトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート等が反応性の点で好適に用いられる。
主に加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤としては、100℃以下の温度で熱触媒活性の低い化合物が、接着剤の保存安定性を高める点で好ましい。また、主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤が、主に加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤と同等の熱活性を有していたり、その反対に、主に加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤が、主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤と同等の光活性を有している化合物である場合は、接着剤の反応性が向上する点で好ましい。
【0041】
主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤としては、分子内に芳香族環が1個以上含まれる化合物が好ましく、ビス[4−(ジフェニルスルホニオ)−フェニル]スルフィド−ビス−ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、ビス[4−ジ(4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)フェニル)スルホニオ−フェニル]スルフィドビス−ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、ビス[4−ジ(4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)フェニル)スルホニオ−フェニル]スルフィドビス−ヘキサフルオロアンチモネート等といった芳香族スルホニウム塩やη−5,2,4−(シクロペンタジエニル)[(1,2,3,4,5,6−η)−(メチルエチル)−ベンゼン]−鉄(II)ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、(トリルクミル)ヨードニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロペニル)ボレート、ジアリルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート及びこれらの混合物を用いることができ、アデカオプトマーSP−150、アデカオプトマーSP−170(旭電化工業株式会社製商品名)、サイラキュアUVI−6990(ユニオンカーバイド社製商品名)、サンエイドSI−60L、サンエイドSI−80L、サンエイドSI−100L(三新化学工業株式会社製商品名)、イルガキュア261(チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ(Ciba Specialty Chemicals)社製商品名)、RHODORSIL PHOTOINITIATOR2074(ローディアジャパン社製商品名)等といった市販品としてこれらの化合物及びその溶液を用いることができる。
【0042】
主に加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤としては、芳香族スルホニウム塩、脂肪族スルホニウム塩やジアルキルフェナシルスルホニウム塩等の化合物が好適に用いられ、サンエイドSI−60L、サンエイドSI−80L、サンエイドSI−100L(三新化学工業株式会社製商品名)、アデカオプトンCP−66、アデカオプトンCP−77(旭電化工業株式会社製商品名)、CI−2624(日本曹達株式会社製商品名)等といった市販品としてこれらの化合物及びその溶液を用いることができる。
【0043】
主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤、及び、主に加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤を使用する場合、各々、その使用量は、光カチオン重合性化合物の100重量%に対して0.05〜30重量%とすることが好ましく、0.1〜15重量%とすることがより好ましく、0.5〜10重量%とすることが特に好ましい。この量が、0.05重量%未満では、硬化促進効果が不十分となる傾向があり、30重量%を超えると相溶性が低下する傾向がある。
【0044】
また、主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤の含有量と主に加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤の含有量の重量比率は、1/50〜50/1であるのが好ましい。この範囲外の比率の場合、他方の重合開始剤の含有量が極端に少なくなるために、充分な硬化物が得られなくなる恐れがある。
【0045】
主に180〜750nmの波長成分を含む光照射によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤、及び、主に加熱によりカチオン種を発生する重合開始剤を使用する場合、それぞれを単独あるいは複数種を併用することもできる。また、カチオン重合を促進して接着剤の硬化性を高めるために、光増感剤を適宜組み合わせて使用することもできる。光増感剤としては、用いる励起光の吸収波長を有効に利用するためのものであれば特に制限されるものではなく、公知の化合物を使用することができ、具体的には、アントラセン、フェノチアジン、ペリレン、カルバゾール、ベンゾフェノン、チオキサントン、フルオレノン、アントラキノン等の化合物及びこれらの誘導体等を用いることができる。
【0046】
接着剤には、さらにフィルム形成材を添加してもよい。その使用量としては、光カチオン重合性化合物100重量部に対して20〜320重量部とすることが好ましい。この使用量が、20重量部未満又は320重量部を超える場合は、フィルム形成性が低下する傾向がある。
【0047】
熱可塑系接着剤(ホットメルト)は、基本的には絶縁性を示す通常の凝集力を付与するポリマと、その他必要に応じて用いる粘着付与剤、粘着性調整剤、架橋剤、老化防止剤、分散剤等を含むと好ましい。
これらポリマ種としては、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体変性物、ポリエチレン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸塩共重合体、アクリル酸エステル系ゴム、ポリイソブチレン、アタクチックポリプロピレン、ポリビニルブチラール、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエンブロック共重合体、スチレン−イソプレンブロック共重合体、ポリブタジエン、エチレンセルロース、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン、天然ゴム、シリコン系ゴム、ポリクロロプレン等の合成ゴム類、ポリビニルエーテルなどが適用可能であり、単独あるいは2種以上併用して用いられる。
【0048】
粘着付与剤としては、ジシクロペンタジエン樹脂、ロジン、変性ロジン、テルペン樹脂、キシレン樹脂、テルペン−フェノール樹脂、アルキルフェノール樹脂、クマロン−インデン樹脂等があり、これらを必要に応じて、単独あるいは2種以上併用して用いる。粘着性調整剤としてはたとえばジオクチルフタレートをはじめとする各種可塑剤類等が代表的である。
架橋剤はポリマの凝集力を高めることが必要な場合に用いられ、ポリマの官能基と反応する多官能性物質であり、たとえばポリイソシアネート、メラミン樹脂尿素樹脂、フェノール樹脂等があげられる。
老化防止剤は、ポリマーバインダの熱、酸素、光等に対する安定性を高めることが必要な場合に用いるものでたとえば金属石ケン類を代表とする安定剤や、アルキルフェノール類などの酸化防止剤、ベンゾフェノン系、ベンゾトリアゾール系などの紫外線吸収剤等が挙げられ、やはり必要に応じて単独あるいは2種以上併用して用いられる。
分散剤は、粒子の分散性向上のために用いる場合があり、この例としてたとえば界面活性剤が挙げられ、ノニオン系、カチオン系、アニオン系、両性のうち1種あるいは2種以上併用して用いることができる。
【0049】
接着剤には、適宜充填剤、軟化剤、促進剤、老化防止剤、着色剤、難燃剤、カップリング剤を添加しても良い。
【0050】
また、本発明で用いる回路用接続部材を硬化させて硬化物としたときのTg(ガラス転移温度)が5℃以上異なる2種類以上の層からなる多層構成としても良い。
本発明の回路用接続部材を使用して接着する基板としては、電気的接続を必要とする電極が形成されているものであれば特に制限はないが、液晶ディスプレイに用いられているITO等で電極が形成されているガラスまたはプラスチック基板、プリント配線板、セラミック配線板、フレキシブル配線板、半導体シリコンチップなどが有り、必要に応じて組み合わせて使用される。
接続する場合の条件としては特に制限はないが、接続温度90〜250℃、接続時間1秒〜10分であり、使用する用途、接着剤、基板によって適宜選択され、必要に応じて、後硬化を行っても良い。また、接続時は加熱加圧により行われるが、必要に応じて熱以外のエネルギーたとえば光、超音波、電磁波等を使用しても良い。
【0051】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例にて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこの実施例に制限されるものではない。
(表面処理粒子Aの作製)
式(1)のポリフタリドにおいて、R=ビフェニル、R1=H、X=O、Y=SO2であるポリ(4,4−ジフェニレンスルホフタリド)の1重量%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液に、ポリスチレンを核とする粒子の表面に、厚み0.2μmのニッケル層を設け、このニッケル層の外側に、厚み0.04μmの金層を設けた平均粒径4μmの導電性粒子をいれ、室温(25℃)で10分間撹拌した。導電性粒子をろ別後、120℃で15分間乾燥し、表面処理粒子A(表面被覆導電性粒子A)を得た。
(表面処理粒子Bの作製)
上記と同様のポリフタリドの3重量%クロロホルム溶液に、ポリスチレンを核とする粒子の表面に、平均粒径5μmのニッケル粒子をいれ、25℃で30分間撹拌した。導電性粒子をろ別後、80℃で5分間乾燥し、表面処理粒子B(表面被覆導電性粒子B)を得た。
(表面処理粒子Cの作製)
上記と同様のポリフタリドの0.1重量%シクロヘキサノン溶液に、ポリスチレンを核とする粒子の表面に、厚み0.2μmのニッケル層を設け、このニッケル層の外側に、厚み0.04μmの金層を設けた平均粒径5μmの導電性粒子をいれ、40℃で30分間撹拌した。導電性粒子をろ別後、150℃で10分間乾燥し、表面処理粒子C(表面被覆導電性粒子C)を得た。
【0052】
(表面処理粒子Dの作製)
上記と同様のポリフタリドの1重量%シクロヘキサノン溶液にγ―アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランを5重量%加え、さらにポリスチレンを核とする粒子の表面に、厚み0.2μmのニッケル層を設け、このニッケル層の外側に、厚み0.04μmの金層を設けた平均粒径4μmの導電性粒子をいれ、室温(25℃)で30分間撹拌した。導電性粒子をろ別後、150℃で5分間乾燥し、表面処理粒子D(表面被覆導電性粒子D)を得た。
【0053】
これら表面処理粒子(表面被覆導電性粒子)A、B、C、Dを用いて、以下に示す配合でフィルムを作製した。
【0054】
(実施例1)
フェノキシ樹脂(ユニオンカーバイド株式会社製、商品名PKHC、平均分子量45,000) 50g
マイクロカプセル潜在性硬化剤(HX3941HP、旭化成エポキシ株式会社製商品名、熱活性温度120℃、DSCピーク温度、液状エポキシ樹脂にマイクロカプセル潜在性硬化剤を分散) 48g
γ―グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン 2g
をトルエン、酢酸エチルの混合溶媒(重量比50/50)を溶媒として溶解配合し、さらに表面処理粒子Aを3体積%配合分散した。厚さ80μmの片面を表面処理したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムに塗工装置を用いて塗布し、70℃、10分間乾燥させ、厚み30μmの回路用接続部材を得た。
【0055】
(実施例2)
フェノキシ樹脂(ユニオンカーバイド株式会社製、商品名PKHC、平均分子量45,000) 40g
アクリルゴム 10g
マイクロカプセル型潜在性硬化剤(HX3941HP、旭化成エポキシ株式会社製商品名、熱活性温度120℃、DSCピーク温度、液状エポキシ樹脂にマイクロカプセル潜在性硬化剤を分散) 48g
γ―グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン 2g
をトルエン、酢酸エチルの混合溶媒(重量比50/50)を溶媒として溶解配合し、さらに表面処理粒子Bを3体積%配合分散した。厚さ80μmの片面を表面処理したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムに塗工装置を用いて塗布し、70℃、10分間乾燥させ、厚み30μmの回路用接続部材を得た。
【0056】
(実施例3)
フェノキシ樹脂(ユニオンカーバイド株式会社製、商品名PKHC、平均分子量45,000) 50g
イソシアヌール酸エチレンオキシド変性ジアクリレート 46g
りん酸エステルアクリレート 4g
2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ビス(2−エチルヘキサノイルパーオキシ)ヘキサン 3g
をメチルエチルケトンを溶媒として溶解配合し、さらに表面処理粒子Cを3体積%配合分散した。厚さ80μmの片面を表面処理したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムに塗工装置を用いて塗布し、70℃、10分間乾燥させ、厚み30μmの回路用接続部材を得た。
【0057】
(実施例4)
フェノキシ樹脂(ユニオンカーバイド株式会社製、商品名PKHC、平均分子量45,000) 25g
ポリウレタン樹脂 25g
ジシクロヘキシルメタアクリレート 48g
りん酸エステルアクリレート 2g
2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ビス(2−エチルヘキサノイルパーオキシ)ヘキサン 3g
をメチルエチルケトンを溶媒として溶解配合し、さらに表面処理粒子Dを3体積%配合分散した。厚さ80μmの片面を表面処理したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムに塗工装置を用いて塗布し、70℃、10分間乾燥させ、厚み30μmの回路用接続部材を得た。
【0058】
(比較例1〜4)
実施例1〜4の配合で表面処理粒子の代わりに処理前の未処理の導電性粒を用いたこと以外、実施例1〜4と同様に行い回路用接続部材をそれぞれ得た。
【0059】
(比較例5)
ポリスチレンを核とする粒子の表面に厚み0.2μmのニッケル層を設け、このニッケル層の外側に厚み0.04μmの金層を設けた平均粒径4μmの導電粒子の最表面にスチレン−ブタジエン共重合体からなる絶縁性の表面層を約1μmの厚さで形成した。実施例1の表面処理粒子Aの代わりに、上記の粒子を用いて実施例1と同様にして回路用接続部材を得た。
【0060】
(回路接続構造体の作製)
上記回路用接続部材を、1.5mm幅にスリットし、電極としてITOが形成されたガラス基板上に、80℃、5秒、1MPaの条件で、仮接続した。表面処理したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを剥離し、これにバンプ面積50μmx50μm、ピッチ100μm、高さ20μmの金バンプを形成した半導体チップの電極を位置合わせして置き、実施例1,2、比較例1,2、5では190℃、15秒、3MPaの接続条件で、また実施例3、4、比較例3、4では160℃、10秒、3MPaで本接続し回路接続構造体を得た。各実施例及び比較例でそれぞれ10サンプル作製した。
【0061】
(特性評価方法)
接続抵抗 :株式会社アドバンテスト製マルチメータTR6848を用いて、4端子法で接続抵抗を測定した。また、これらのサンプルを、85℃、85%RHの恒温恒湿試験機中に500時間放置しその後の接続抵抗も測定した。接続抵抗値は、10サンプルの平均値とした。
絶縁抵抗:上記回路接続構造体を用いて、水平回路間の絶縁抵抗を測定した。測定は10サンプル行い、ショート発生率として算出した。
それらの結果を表1に纏めて示した。
【0062】
【表1】
【0063】
本発明の実施例1〜4では、導電性粒子を被覆する材料の濃度を0.1重量%〜1重量%変化させた表面被覆導電性粒子を用いているが、初期、耐湿後ともに接続抵抗が低く良好であり、ショート発生率も0%で良好である。これに対し、表面被覆導電性粒子を使用していない比較例1〜4は、接続抵抗は小さく良好であるがショートが発生し、絶縁性が確保できていない。また、比較例5では、表面層が絶縁性のため接続抵抗が高い。
【0064】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、接続抵抗と絶縁性とを両立した接続が可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to surface-coated conductive particles whose surfaces are coated with a composition containing a pressure-sensitive conductive polymer (polyphthalide), and to a circuit connection member, a circuit connection method, and a circuit connection structure using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, an anisotropic conductive adhesive in which conductive particles are dispersed in an adhesive is used for connection between a liquid crystal display and TCP or between FPC and TCP and between FPC and a printed wiring board. Recently, even when a semiconductor silicon chip is mounted on a substrate, so-called flip chip mounting in which the semiconductor silicon chip is directly mounted on the substrate face down is performed instead of conventional wire bonding. Application of the adhesive has been started (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 59-120436, 60-191228, 1-251787, and 7-90237).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, with the miniaturization and thinning of electronic devices, the density of circuits has been increased, and the distance between electrodes and the width of electrodes have become very narrow. In addition, bumps used for connection of semiconductor chips are becoming smaller, and the distance between the bumps is becoming very narrow. In general, when connecting opposite circuits using an adhesive containing conductive particles, in order to reduce the connection resistance, there are three or more, preferably five or more conductive particles on the circuit or bump. It is necessary. However, when the width between the circuits and the distance between the bumps are narrowed, it is necessary to increase the number of conductive particles contained in the adhesive in order to arrange the necessary number of conductive particles on the circuit. However, since the number of conductive particles existing between the circuits also increases, there is a problem that the insulating property is lowered. In order to solve such a problem, a device has been devised in which conductive particles are covered with an insulating resin so that the insulating properties are maintained even if the particles contact each other between circuits (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho). 62-40183). However, it is difficult to completely coat these conductive particles with an insulating resin, and it is difficult to ensure insulation when the space between circuit spaces becomes narrow because the conductive portions are exposed. ing. In order to overcome this, if the thickness of the insulating resin layer to be coated is increased, insulation between circuit spaces is ensured, but there is a problem that connection resistance increases.
The present invention ensures the necessary number of conductive particles even when the distance between electrodes and the electrode width become very narrow due to the increase in circuit density accompanying the downsizing and thinning of electronic equipment, and the insulation in the direction of the distance between the electrodes. It is an object of the present invention to provide surface-coated conductive particles that have a low connection resistance in the electrode connection direction and have excellent connection reliability, a circuit connection member using the same, a connection method, and a connection structure. .
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of investigating a method for efficiently covering the periphery of the conductive particles in the above situation, the present inventors have treated the composition including the polyphthalide represented by the formula (1), so that It was found that the connection resistance and the insulation between the circuit spaces can be compatible, and the present invention has been achieved. [1] Pressure-sensitive conductive polymerAs represented by formula (I)A surface-coated conductive particle obtained by coating a conductive particle surface with a composition containing.
[0005]
[Chemical Formula 3]
(In the formula (1), R represents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a divalent heterocyclic ring-containing aromatic group;1Is hydrogen, alkyl group, fluorinated alkyl group, alkoxy group or halogen, which may be plural (2-4), X is O or N—R3(However, R3Indicates the next group. ) And Y is SO2Or represents CO, and n represents the number of repeating units of the polymer. )
[Formula 4]
The present invention also provides [2In a circuit connection member comprising an insulating adhesive having fluidity by heating and coated particles in which the surface of the conductive particles is covered with an insulating material, the coated particles are the above [1].]It is the connection member for circuits which is the surface covering electroconductive particle of description. The present invention also provides [3A connecting method for interposing a circuit connecting member between substrates having circuit electrodes facing each other, pressurizing a substrate having circuit electrodes facing each other, and electrically connecting the electrodes in the pressurizing direction. circuitforContactContinuationThe material is [2] CircuitforContactContinuationThis is a circuit connection method that is a material. The present invention also provides [4A connection structure in which a circuit connection member is interposed between substrates having circuit electrodes facing each other, and the substrates having circuit electrodes facing each other are pressurized to electrically connect the electrodes in the pressurizing direction, The circuit connection member is the above [2] CircuitforContactContinuationIt is the circuit connection structure which is material.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Specifically, the pressure-sensitive conductive polymer used in the present invention is preferably a polyphthalide of the formula (I), which will be described.
The polyphthalide represented by the formula (I) (hereinafter collectively referred to as polyphthalide) exhibits a conductivity when the thickness is about 10 nm to 50000 nm, and when the pressure is applied in the thickness direction, the electrical resistance in the thickness direction changes greatly. A feature (pressure sensitive conductivity) has recently been found. The pressure at this time is unclear because it is affected by the electrode shape and the like, but 4.9 KPa (0.05 kg / cm2) The electric resistance in the thickness direction changes by 6 digits or more before and after relatively pressing at a relatively low pressure (usually, it exhibits insulation at atmospheric pressure and exhibits conductivity when pressed). It becomes possible to make it.
Here, the change of the electric resistance of 6 digits or more means that the change of the electric resistance (or current) becomes 6 digits or more before and after pressurization when measuring under the application condition of a predetermined voltage. More specifically, the current value at a predetermined voltage is 10-12From order A (insulator) to 10-6It means changing to a conductive material of order A or higher.
[0007]
Examples of R (divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or divalent heterocyclic ring-containing aromatic group) in formula (I) include the following groups.
[Chemical formula 5]
[0008]
Where R2R1Same as,Hydrogen, an alkyl group, a fluorinated alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a halogen (fluorine, chlorine, etc.), which may be plural (2-4).
Ar1Are the following groups.
[Chemical 6]
[0009]
Ar2Are the following groups.
[Chemical 7]
[0010]
The polyphthalide may be a homopolymer, a copolymer, or a blend thereof.
In order to improve various properties such as sensitivity and adhesiveness, a phenol resin having a phthalide ring or an epoxy resin having a phthalide ring can be added.
The phenol resin having a phthalide ring is a resin obtained by reacting phenolphthalein, phenol red, o-cresolphthalein, thymolphthalein, cresol red, etc. with formaldehyde. Usually, phenol, cresol, etc. are used in the reaction. In addition, a co-oligomer (product) can be used.
[0011]
As the epoxy resin having a phthalide ring, a resin obtained by reacting a phenol compound having a phthalide ring (or sulfophthalide ring) represented by the formula (I) with epichlorohydrin can be used.
[0012]
The phenol resin having a phthalide ring or the epoxy resin having a phthalide ring can be blended within a range not exceeding 50% by weight. When it exceeds 50% by weight, the film after molding tends to be brittle. In addition, weight% here is a percentage when the quantity of non-volatile components except a solvent is set to 100.
Also, thermoplastic resins such as styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer and styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer, and heat such as epoxy resin, (meth) acrylic resin, maleimide resin, citraconic imide resin, nadiimide resin, and phenolic resin. A curable resin or the like can be used as long as the characteristics are not impaired. Furthermore, additives such as an accelerator, an antioxidant, a colorant, a flame retardant, and a coupling agent may be added.
[0013]
The conductive particles used in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they have conductivity capable of obtaining electrical connection, but metal particles such as gold, silver, nickel, copper, cobalt, solder, carbon, Or what coated ceramics, plastics, etc. with the above-mentioned conductive material can also be used. Furthermore, the thing which coat | covered the particle | grains which coat | covered the said electroconductive substance with gold | metal | money and silver can also be used. At this time, the thickness of the metal layer to be coated is preferably 100 mm or more in order to obtain sufficient conductivity.
The method of coating the surface of the conductive particles used in the present invention with polyphthalide is not particularly limited as long as the surface can be coated in a substantially uniform state. Usually, the conductive particles are contained in a solution in which polyphthalide is dissolved. A method of separating the conductive particles by a method such as filtration after dipping and stirring is preferred.
[0014]
The solvent is not particularly limited as long as the polyphthalide of the formula (I) can be dissolved. For example, cyclohexanone, nitrobenzene, benzonitrile, 3-hydroxybenzotrifluoride, tetrachloroethane, cresol, chloroform, dimethylformamide, N- Organic solvents such as methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, sym-tetrachloroethane, and methylene chloride can be used. The concentration of polyphthalide contained in the treatment liquid is preferably 0.05% by weight to 20% by weight. If the amount is 0.05% by weight or less, the surface treatment is not effectively performed. If the amount is 20% by weight or more, the amount of polyphthalide coated on the surface of the conductive particles increases, and the connection resistance increases.
There is no particular limitation on the temperature time for the treatment, but the treatment temperature is generally in the range of 20 to 100 ° C. and the treatment time of 10 seconds to 1 hour.
The treated conductive particles are used after filtration and drying. The drying conditions are appropriately selected depending on the organic solvent to be used, but are performed at room temperature to 250 ° C. When using the conductive particles coated with plastic or the like as the conductive particles, the drying temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or less in consideration of the heat resistance of the plastic.
[0015]
The thickness of the coating film is preferably 10 nm to 50,000 nm (that is, 0.01 μm to 50 μm). This is because when the pressure is applied in the thickness direction, this thickness is preferable in order to change the electric resistance in the thickness direction by 6 digits or more before and after the pressurization. In other words, if the thickness of the coating is less than 10 nm, the insulation before pressurization (normal pressure) is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 50,000 nm, the electrical resistance does not change greatly even when pressed.
Further, in addition to the conductive particles whose surface is coated with the polyphthalide, conductive particles that are not coated can be mixed and used. The conductive particles that are not coated are those in which metal particles such as gold, silver, nickel, copper, cobalt, and solder, carbon, ceramics, plastics, or the like are coated with the above-described conductive material.
[0016]
As the insulating adhesive having fluidity when heated in the present invention, a thermosetting adhesive, a radical curable adhesive, a photocurable adhesive, or a thermoplastic adhesive (hot melt) can be used. Having fluidity by heating means fluidity by heating.
The thermosetting adhesive contains an epoxy resin and a latent curing agent, and when a film-like adhesive is used, it preferably contains a film forming material. The epoxy resin has a skeleton containing a bisphenol-type epoxy resin derived from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol AD, bisphenol S, etc., an epoxy novolac resin derived from epichlorohydrin and phenol novolac or cresol novolac, and a naphthalene ring. It is possible to use various epoxy compounds having two or more glycidyl groups in one molecule such as naphthalene epoxy resin, glycidylamine, glycidyl ether, biphenyl, alicyclic, etc. alone or in combination of two or more. It is. These epoxy resins contain impurity ions (Na+, Cl-Etc.) or a high-purity product in which hydrolyzable chlorine or the like is reduced to 300 ppm or less is preferable for preventing electron migration.
[0017]
Examples of the latent curing agent include imidazole series, hydrazide series, amine imide, and dicyandiamide. These can be used alone or in combination, and may be used by mixing a decomposition accelerator, an inhibitor and the like. In addition, those encapsulating these curing agents with polyurethane-based or polyester-based polymeric substances and the like and microencapsulated are preferable because the pot life is extended. In order to obtain a sufficient reaction rate, the content of the latent curing agent is preferably 0.1 to 60 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total of the film forming material and the epoxy resin, and preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight. More preferred. When the blending amount of the latent curing agent is less than 0.1 part by weight, a sufficient reaction rate cannot be obtained, and it tends to be difficult to obtain good adhesive strength and small connection resistance. If the blending amount of the latent curing agent exceeds 60 parts by weight, the fluidity of the adhesive is lowered, the connection resistance is increased, or the pot life of the adhesive tends to be shortened.
[0018]
A film-forming material is a material that solidifies a liquid material and forms a constituent composition into a film shape, so that the film is easy to handle and imparts mechanical properties that are not easily torn, cracked, or sticky. It can be handled as a film in a normal state. The film-forming material can be blended in order to impart adhesiveness and stress relaxation during curing in addition to film-forming properties.
Examples of the film forming material include phenoxy resin, polyvinyl formal resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, xylene resin, polyurethane resin and the like. Among the film forming materials, a phenoxy resin is preferable because it is excellent in adhesiveness, compatibility, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. The phenoxy resin is a resin obtained by reacting a bifunctional phenol and epihalohydrin to a high molecular weight or by polyaddition of a bifunctional epoxy resin and a bifunctional phenol. Specifically, it is obtained by reacting 1 mol of a bifunctional phenol and epihalohydrin 0.985 to 1.015 in a non-reactive solvent at a temperature of 40 to 120 ° C. in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide. Can do.
Further, from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties and thermal properties of the resin, the blending equivalent ratio of the bifunctional epoxy resin and the bifunctional phenols is particularly preferably epoxy group / phenol hydroxyl group = 1 / 0.9 to 1 / 1.1. In the presence of a catalyst such as an alkali metal compound, an organic phosphorus compound, or a cyclic amine compound, the reaction solid content in an organic solvent such as an amide, ether, ketone, lactone, or alcohol having a boiling point of 120 ° C. or higher Is preferably 50 parts by weight or less and heated to 50 to 200 ° C. for polyaddition reaction. Examples of the bifunctional epoxy resin include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol AD type epoxy resin, and bisphenol S type epoxy resin. Bifunctional phenols have two phenolic hydroxyl groups, and examples include hydroquinones, bisphenols such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol AD, and bisphenol S. The phenoxy resin may be modified with a radical polymerizable functional group, an epoxy group, a carboxyl group or the like, and in this case, the heat resistance is improved. Moreover, the phenoxy resin may have a molecular structure resulting from a polycyclic aromatic compound in the molecule. Examples thereof include dihydroxy compounds such as naphthalene, biphenyl, acenaphthene, fluorene, dibenzofuran, anthracene and phenanthrene, and 9,9'-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene is particularly preferable.
The blending amount of the film forming material is 2 to 80% by weight, preferably 5 to 70% by weight, and particularly preferably 10 to 60% by weight. If it is less than 2% by weight, the stress relaxation and the adhesive force are not sufficient, and if it exceeds 80% by weight, the fluidity is lowered. The film forming material is necessary when forming the adhesive into a film, but may not be used when used in the form of varnish or paste.
[0019]
The radical curable adhesive contains a radical polymerizable compound and a polymerization initiator, and in the case of forming a film, it preferably contains film formability.
The radical polymerizable compound is a compound having a functional group that is polymerized by radicals, and includes (meth) acrylate resin, maleimide resin, citraconic imide resin, nadiimide resin, and the like, and two or more kinds may be used in combination. The radical polymerizable compound can be used in either a monomer or oligomer state, and the monomer and oligomer may be mixed and used.
The (meth) acrylate resin is obtained by radical polymerization of (meth) acrylate, and the (meth) acrylate is methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) ) Acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylene glycol tetra (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-1,3-diaacryloxypropane, 2 , 2-bis [4- (acryloxymethoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (acryloxyethoxy) phenyl] propane, dicyclopentenyl (meth) acrylate, tricyclodecanyl (meth) a Examples thereof include acrylate, tris (acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, urethane (meth) acrylate, and isocyanuric acid ethylene oxide-modified diacrylate. These may be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Moreover, you may use radical polymerization inhibitors, such as hydroquinone and methyl ether hydroquinone, in the range by which sclerosis | hardenability is not impaired as needed.
[0020]
Furthermore, when a phosphate ester compound is used as the radically polymerizable compound, it is possible to improve adhesion to inorganic substances such as metals. The usage-amount of this phosphate ester compound is 0.1-10 weight part, Preferably it is 0.5-5 weight part. The phosphate ester compound is obtained as a reaction product of phosphoric anhydride and 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate. Specifically, there are mono (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) acid phosphate, di (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) acid phosphate and the like, which may be used alone or in combination.
[0021]
The maleimide resin has at least one maleimide group in the molecule. For example, phenylmaleimide, 1-methyl-2,4-bismaleimidebenzene, N, N′-m-phenylenebismaleimide, N N'-p-phenylene bismaleimide, N, N'-4,4-biphenylene bismaleimide, N, N'-4,4- (3,3-dimethylbiphenylene) bismaleimide, N, N'-4, 4- (3,3-dimethyldiphenylmethane) bismaleimide, N, N′-4,4- (3,3-diethyldiphenylmethane) bismaleimide, N, N′-4,4-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, N, N ′ -4,4-diphenylpropane bismaleimide, N, N'-4,4-diphenyl ether bismaleimide, N, N'-4,4-diphenylsulfone bismaleimide, 2,2-bis (4- (4-maleimide) Enoxy) phenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3-s-butyl-3,4- (4-maleimidophenoxy) phenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4- (4-maleimidophenoxy) phenyl) decane, 4,4′-cyclohexylidene-bis (1- (4-maleimidophenoxy) phenoxy) -2-cyclohexylbenzene, 2,2-bis (4- (4-maleimidophenoxy) phenyl) hexafluoropropane, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0022]
As a citraconic imide resin, a citraconic imide compound having at least one citraconic imide group in the molecule is polymerized. Examples of the citraconic imide compound include phenyl citraconic imide, 1-methyl-2,4- Biscitraconimide benzene, N, N′-m-phenylene biscitraconimide, N, N′-p-phenylene biscitraconimide, N, N′-4,4-biphenylenebiscitraconimide, N, N′-4, 4- (3,3-dimethylbiphenylene) biscitraconimide, N, N′-4,4- (3,3-dimethyldiphenylmethane) biscitraconimide, N, N′-4,4- (3,3-diethyl Diphenylmethane) biscitraconimide, N, N′-4,4-diphenylmethanebiscitraconimide, N, N′-4,4-diphenylpropane biscitraco Imide, N, N′-4,4-diphenyl ether biscitraconimide, N, N′-4,4-diphenylsulfone biscitraconimide, 2,2-bis (4- (4-citraconimidophenoxy) phenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3-s-butyl-3,4- (4-citraconimidophenoxy) phenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4- (4-citraconimidophenoxy) phenyl) decane, 4,4 ′ -Cyclohexylidene-bis (1- (4-citraconimidephenoxy) phenoxy) -2-cyclohexylbenzene, 2,2-bis (4- (4-citraconimidophenoxy) phenyl) hexafluoropropane, etc. Two or more types may be mixed and used.
[0023]
The nadiimide resin is obtained by polymerizing a nadiimide compound having at least one nadiimide group in the molecule. Examples of the nadiimide compound include phenyl nadiimide, 1-methyl-2,4-bisnadiimidebenzene, N , N'-m-phenylene bisnadiimide, N, N'-p-phenylene bisnadiimide, N, N'-4,4-biphenylene bisnadiimide, N, N'-4,4- (3,3-dimethylbiphenylene ) Bisnadiimide, N, N′-4,4- (3,3-dimethyldiphenylmethane) bisnadiimide, N, N′-4,4- (3,3-diethyldiphenylmethane) bisnadiimide, N, N′-4,4- Diphenylmethane bisnadiimide, N, N'-4,4-diphenylpropane bisnadiimide, N, N'-4,4-diphenyl ether bisnadiimide, N, N'-4,4-diphenylsulfo Bisnadiimide, 2,2-bis (4- (4-nadiimidophenoxy) phenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3-s-butyl-3,4- (4-nadiimidophenoxy) phenyl) propane, 1, 1-bis (4- (4-nadiimidophenoxy) phenyl) decane, 4,4′-cyclohexylidene-bis (1- (4-nadiimidophenoxy) phenoxy) -2-cyclohexylbenzene, 2,2-bis (4- (4-Nadiimidophenoxy) phenyl) hexafluoropropane and the like may be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
[0024]
When the above radical polymerizable compound is used, a polymerization initiator is used. The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that generates radicals by light or heating, and includes a peroxide, an azo compound, and the like, as appropriate in consideration of the intended connection temperature, connection time, storage stability, and the like. From the viewpoint of high reactivity and storage stability, an organic peroxide having a half-life of 10 hours at a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and a half-life of 1 minute at a temperature of 180 ° C. or lower is preferred. An organic peroxide having a time temperature of 50 ° C. or more and a half-life of 1 minute is 170 ° C. or less is particularly preferable. When the connection time is 10 seconds, the amount of the polymerization initiator for obtaining a sufficient reaction rate is preferably 1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 15% by weight. Specific compounds of the organic peroxide used can be selected from diacyl peroxide, peroxydicarbonate, peroxyester, peroxyketal, dialkyl peroxide, hydroperoxide, silyl peroxide, etc. Oxyesters, dialkyl peroxides, hydroperoxides, and silyl peroxides are particularly low because the chlorine ions and organic acids in the initiator are 5000 ppm or less, less organic acids are generated after decomposition, and the corrosion of the electrodes can be suppressed. preferable.
[0025]
Examples of diacyl peroxides include isobutyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, stearoyl peroxide, succinic peroxide, Examples include benzoyl peroxytoluene and benzoyl peroxide.
[0026]
Peroxydicarbonates include di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, bis (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethoxymethoxyperoxydicarbonate, di- (2-Ethylhexylperoxy) dicarbonate, dimethoxybutylperoxydicarbonate, di (3-methyl-3-methoxybutylperoxy) dicarbonate and the like.
[0027]
Peroxyesters include cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxyneodecanoate, 1-cyclohexyl-1-methylethylperoxynoedecanoate, t- Hexylperoxyneodecanoate, t-butylperoxypivalate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di ( 2-ethylhexanoylperoxy) hexane, 1-cyclohexyl-1-methylethylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-hexylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxy-2- Ethyl hexanonate, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, t-hex Luperoxyisopropyl monocarbonate, t-butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanonate, t-butylperoxylaurate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (m-toluoyl peroxy) Examples include hexane, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl monocarbonate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, t-hexyl peroxybenzoate, and t-butyl peroxyacetate.
[0028]
In peroxyketals, 1,1-bis (t-hexylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis (t-hexylperoxy) cyclohexane, 1,1-bis (t- Butyl peroxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1- (t-butylperoxy) cyclododecane, 2,2-bis (t-butylperoxy) decane and the like.
[0029]
Dialkyl peroxides include α, α′-bis (t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, and t-butyl. Cumyl peroxide and the like.
[0030]
Examples of hydroperoxides include diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide.
[0031]
Examples of silyl peroxides include t-butyltrimethylsilyl peroxide, bis (t-butyl) dimethylsilyl peroxide, t-butyltrivinylsilyl peroxide, bis (t-butyl) divinylsilyl peroxide, and tris (t-butyl). ) Vinylsilyl peroxide, t-butyltriallylsilyl peroxide, bis (t-butyl) diallylsilyl peroxide, tris (t-butyl) allylsilyl peroxide and the like.
[0032]
Moreover, in order to suppress corrosion of an electrode, it is preferable that the chlorine ion and organic acid which are contained in a hardening | curing agent are 5000 ppm or less, Furthermore, the thing with little organic acid generated after thermal decomposition is more preferable. In addition, since the stability of the produced adhesive is improved, it is preferable that the adhesive has a weight retention of 20% by weight or more after being left open at room temperature (25 ° C.) and normal pressure for 24 hours. These can be mixed and used as appropriate.
These free radical generators can be used alone or in combination, and a decomposition accelerator, an inhibitor and the like may be used in combination.
In addition, those free radical generators coated with a polyurethane-based or polyester-based polymer substance and microencapsulated are preferable because the pot life is extended.
[0033]
The film forming material is the same as described above.
In addition to the radical polymerizable compound, the above epoxy resin can be blended as a thermosetting resin. Two or more of these epoxy resins may be used in combination.
Examples of the epoxy resin curing agent include amines, phenols, acid anhydrides, imidazoles, dicyandiamide and the like that are used as ordinary epoxy resin curing agents. Furthermore, tertiary amines and organic phosphorus compounds that are usually used as curing accelerators may be used as appropriate.
As a method for reacting the epoxy resin, in addition to using the curing agent, a sulfonium salt, an iodonium salt, or the like may be used for cationic polymerization.
[0034]
The photocurable adhesive preferably contains a photocationic polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator that generates cationic species by light irradiation or heating mainly containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm.
As the photocationically polymerizable compound, one or more selected from an epoxy compound, a vinyl ether compound, an oxetane compound, and a cyclic ether compound are selected.
As a polymerization initiator that generates cationic species mainly by light irradiation or heating containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm, it is selected from aromatic sulfonium salts, iodonium salts, iron-arene complexes, aromatic sulfonium salts, aliphatic sulfonium salts, etc. Is at least one kind.
The polymerization initiator that generates cationic species mainly by light irradiation containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm is a polymerization initiator that generates cationic species mainly by light irradiation containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm, and is generated by light irradiation. The cation species that are generated by heating may be included, which means that there are many cation species generated by light irradiation. The polymerization initiator that mainly generates cationic species by heating is a polymerization initiator that mainly generates cationic species by heating, and refers to a cationic species that is generated by heating, but may include cationic species that are generated by light irradiation. It means that many cationic species are generated by heating. The photocationically polymerizable compound is a compound having a functional group which is polymerized by a cationic species generated mainly by light irradiation mainly containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm, or by heating, an epoxy compound, a vinyl ether compound, an oxetane compound, and Examples thereof include cyclic ether compounds.
[0035]
As an epoxy compound, if it has 2 or more epoxy groups in 1 molecule, there will be no restriction | limiting in particular and a well-known thing can be used. For example, bisphenol type epoxy resin derived from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, bisphenol F, etc., polyglycidyl ether, polyglycidyl ester, aromatic epoxy compound, alicyclic epoxy compound, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin Novolac epoxy compounds such as glycidyl amine epoxy compounds, glycidyl ester epoxy compounds, biphenyl diglycidyl ether, triglycidyl isocyanurate, polyglycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and copolymerizable vinyl monomer Examples include coalescence. These are used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0036]
Examples of the vinyl ether compound include alkyl vinyl ether compounds, alkenyl vinyl ether compounds, alkynyl vinyl ether compounds, aryl vinyl ether compounds, and the like.
[0037]
Examples of oxetane compounds include oxetane alcohols, aliphatic oxetane compounds, and aromatic oxetane compounds.
Examples of the cyclic ether compound include a tetrahydrofuran compound and a tetrahydropyran compound.
Among these, an epoxy compound is preferable because grades having different molecular weights are widely available as compared with other compounds, and adhesiveness, reactivity, curing characteristics and the like can be arbitrarily set.
[0038]
The content of the photocationically polymerizable compound is preferably 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably 25 to 75% by weight, based on the entire adhesive.
When the content is less than 10% by weight, only adhesives with poor physical properties of the cured product can be obtained. When the content exceeds 90% by weight, for example, when a photocationically polymerizable compound having a high curing shrinkage is used. Therefore, it becomes difficult to use means such as relieving this with other compounding components.
[0039]
The epoxy equivalent of the epoxy compound is preferably 43 to 1000, more preferably 50 to 800, and particularly preferably 73 to 600. If the epoxy equivalent is less than 43 or more than 1000, the adhesive strength tends to be reduced when the electrodes are connected. These epoxy compounds contain impurity ions (Na+, Cl-Etc.) or a high-purity product in which hydrolyzable chlorine or the like is reduced to 300 ppm or less is preferable for preventing electron migration.
[0040]
Polymerization initiators that generate cationic species mainly by irradiation with light containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm, and polymerization initiators that generate cationic species mainly by heating include aromatic diazonium salts, aromatic sulfonium salts, and aliphatic sulfoniums. Salts, aromatic iodonium salts, phosphonium salts, pyridinium salts, onium salts such as selenonium salts, metal arene complexes, complex compounds such as silanol / aluminum complexes, benzoin tosylate, o-nitrobenzyl tosylate, and the like can be used. In addition, hexafluoroantimonate, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate and the like are preferably used as counter anions when forming the salt in terms of reactivity.
As the polymerization initiator that mainly generates cationic species by heating, a compound having a low thermal catalytic activity at a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower is preferable in terms of enhancing the storage stability of the adhesive. In addition, the polymerization initiator that generates cationic species by light irradiation mainly containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm has the same thermal activity as the polymerization initiator that generates cationic species mainly by heating, or vice versa. In addition, the polymerization initiator that mainly generates cationic species by heating is a compound having a photoactivity equivalent to that of a polymerization initiator that generates cationic species by light irradiation mainly containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm. The case is preferable in that the reactivity of the adhesive is improved.
[0041]
As the polymerization initiator that generates cationic species by light irradiation mainly containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm, a compound containing at least one aromatic ring in the molecule is preferable, and bis [4- (diphenylsulfonio)- Phenyl] sulfide-bis-hexafluorophosphate, bis [4-di (4- (2-hydroxyethyl) phenyl) sulfonio-phenyl] sulfide bis-hexafluorophosphate, bis [4-di (4- (2-hydroxyethyl) ) Phenyl) sulfonio-phenyl] sulfide bis-hexafluoroantimonate and other aromatic sulfonium salts such as η-5,2,4- (cyclopentadienyl) [(1,2,3,4,5,6-η )-(Methylethyl) -benzene] -iron (II) hexafluorophosphate, (tolylcumyl) iodoni Umtetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, diallyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate, and mixtures thereof can be used. Adekaoptomer SP-150, Adekaoptomer SP-170 (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Syracure UVI-6990 (trade name, manufactured by Union Carbide), Sun-Aid SI-60L, Sun-Aid SI-80L, Sun-Aid SI-100L (trade name, manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Irgacure 261 (Ciba Specialty Chemicals (Ciba Specialty Chemicals) These compounds and their solutions can be used as commercially available products such as Chemicals) trade name), RHODORSIL PHOTOINITIATOR 2074 (Rhodia Japan trade name), and the like.
[0042]
As polymerization initiators that mainly generate cationic species by heating, compounds such as aromatic sulfonium salts, aliphatic sulfonium salts and dialkylphenacylsulfonium salts are preferably used, such as Sun Aid SI-60L, Sun Aid SI-80L, and Sun Aid. SI-100L (trade name, manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Adeka Opton CP-66, Adeka Opton CP-77 (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), CI-2624 (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.), etc. These compounds and their solutions can be used as products.
[0043]
When using a polymerization initiator that generates cationic species mainly by irradiation with light containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm, and a polymerization initiator that generates cationic species mainly by heating, the amount used is a photocation. It is preferably 0.05 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the polymerizable compound. . If this amount is less than 0.05% by weight, the curing accelerating effect tends to be insufficient, and if it exceeds 30% by weight, the compatibility tends to decrease.
[0044]
Further, the weight ratio of the content of the polymerization initiator that generates cationic species by light irradiation mainly containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm and the content of the polymerization initiator that generates cationic species mainly by heating is 1/50. It is preferably ~ 50/1. When the ratio is out of this range, the content of the other polymerization initiator is extremely reduced, so that a sufficient cured product may not be obtained.
[0045]
When using a polymerization initiator that mainly generates cationic species by light irradiation containing a wavelength component of 180 to 750 nm, and a polymerization initiator that mainly generates cationic species by heating, each of them is used alone or in combination. You can also. Moreover, in order to accelerate | stimulate cationic polymerization and to improve the sclerosis | hardenability of an adhesive agent, a photosensitizer can also be used in combination as appropriate. The photosensitizer is not particularly limited as long as it effectively utilizes the absorption wavelength of the excitation light to be used, and a known compound can be used, specifically, anthracene, phenothiazine. , Perylene, carbazole, benzophenone, thioxanthone, fluorenone, anthraquinone and the like, and derivatives thereof.
[0046]
A film forming material may be further added to the adhesive. The amount used is preferably 20 to 320 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the photocationically polymerizable compound. When the amount used is less than 20 parts by weight or more than 320 parts by weight, the film formability tends to decrease.
[0047]
Thermoplastic adhesives (hot melts) are basically polymers that provide ordinary cohesive strength with insulating properties, and other tackifiers, tackifiers, crosslinking agents, and anti-aging agents that are used as necessary. In addition, it is preferable to contain a dispersant and the like.
These polymer species include ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene -Acrylate copolymer, acrylate rubber, polyisobutylene, atactic polypropylene, polyvinyl butyral, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene block copolymer, polybutadiene, ethylene Cellulose, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, natural rubber, silicone rubber, synthetic rubber such as polychloroprene, polyvinyl ether, and the like are applicable, and are used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0048]
Examples of the tackifier include dicyclopentadiene resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, xylene resin, terpene-phenol resin, alkylphenol resin, coumarone-indene resin, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Used in combination. Representative examples of the tackifier include various plasticizers including dioctyl phthalate.
The cross-linking agent is used when it is necessary to increase the cohesive strength of the polymer, and is a polyfunctional substance that reacts with the functional group of the polymer. Examples thereof include polyisocyanate, melamine resin urea resin, and phenol resin.
Anti-aging agents are used when it is necessary to increase the stability of polymer binders against heat, oxygen, light, etc. For example, stabilizers typified by metal soaps, antioxidants such as alkylphenols, benzophenone UV absorbers such as benzotriazole and benzotriazole are used, and they are used alone or in combination of two or more as required.
The dispersant may be used for improving the dispersibility of the particles, and examples thereof include a surfactant, and one or more of nonionic, cationic, anionic and amphoteric ones are used in combination. be able to.
[0049]
A filler, a softening agent, an accelerator, an anti-aging agent, a coloring agent, a flame retardant, and a coupling agent may be appropriately added to the adhesive.
[0050]
Moreover, it is good also as a multilayer structure which consists of 2 or more types of layers from which Tg (glass transition temperature) when hardening the circuit connection member used by this invention as a hardened | cured material differs 5 degreeC or more.
The substrate to be bonded using the circuit connection member of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as an electrode that requires electrical connection is formed, but may be ITO or the like used for a liquid crystal display. There are glass or plastic substrates on which electrodes are formed, printed wiring boards, ceramic wiring boards, flexible wiring boards, semiconductor silicon chips, etc., which are used in combination as necessary.
There are no particular restrictions on the conditions for connection, but the connection temperature is 90 to 250 ° C., the connection time is 1 second to 10 minutes, and it is appropriately selected depending on the application, adhesive, and substrate to be used. May be performed. Moreover, although it is performed by heating and pressing at the time of connection, energy other than heat, for example, light, ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, or the like may be used as necessary.
[0051]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not restrict | limited to this Example.
(Preparation of surface-treated particles A)
In the polyphthalide of formula (1), R = biphenyl, R1= H, X = O, Y = SO2In a 1% by weight dimethylformamide solution of poly (4,4-diphenylenesulfophthalide), a nickel layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm is provided on the surface of particles having polystyrene as a core, and outside the nickel layer, Conductive particles having an average particle diameter of 4 μm provided with a gold layer having a thickness of 0.04 μm were added and stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 10 minutes. The conductive particles were filtered off and dried at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain surface-treated particles A (surface-coated conductive particles A).
(Preparation of surface-treated particles B)
Nickel particles having an average particle size of 5 μm were placed on the surface of particles having polystyrene as a core in a 3 wt% chloroform solution of polyphthalide similar to the above, and stirred at 25 ° C. for 30 minutes. The conductive particles were filtered off and dried at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain surface-treated particles B (surface-coated conductive particles B).
(Preparation of surface-treated particles C)
A nickel layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm is provided on the surface of particles having polystyrene as a core in a 0.1 wt% cyclohexanone solution of polyphthalide similar to the above, and a gold layer having a thickness of 0.04 μm is provided outside the nickel layer. The provided conductive particles having an average particle diameter of 5 μm were added and stirred at 40 ° C. for 30 minutes. The conductive particles were separated by filtration and dried at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain surface-treated particles C (surface-coated conductive particles C).
[0052]
(Preparation of surface-treated particles D)
5 wt% of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is added to a 1 wt% cyclohexanone solution of polyphthalide similar to the above, and a nickel layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm is provided on the surface of particles having polystyrene as a core. Conductive particles having an average particle diameter of 4 μm provided with a gold layer having a thickness of 0.04 μm were placed outside and stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 30 minutes. The conductive particles were filtered off and dried at 150 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain surface-treated particles D (surface-coated conductive particles D).
[0053]
Using these surface-treated particles (surface-coated conductive particles) A, B, C, and D, a film was prepared with the formulation shown below.
[0054]
Example 1
Phenoxy resin (trade name PKHC, average molecular weight 45,000, manufactured by Union Carbide Co., Ltd.) 50 g
48g microcapsule latent curing agent (HX3941HP, trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Epoxy Co., Ltd., thermal activation temperature 120 ° C, DSC peak temperature, microcapsule latent curing agent dispersed in liquid epoxy resin) 48g
γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane 2g
Was dissolved and blended using a mixed solvent of toluene and ethyl acetate (weight ratio 50/50) as a solvent, and 3% by volume of surface-treated particles A were blended and dispersed. The film was applied to a polyethylene terephthalate film having a surface treated on one side having a thickness of 80 μm using a coating apparatus and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a circuit connection member having a thickness of 30 μm.
[0055]
(Example 2)
Phenoxy resin (Union Carbide Co., Ltd., trade name PKHC, average molecular weight 45,000) 40 g
Acrylic rubber 10g
48 g of microcapsule type latent curing agent (HX3941HP, trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Epoxy Co., Ltd., thermal activation temperature 120 ° C., DSC peak temperature, microcapsule latent curing agent dispersed in liquid epoxy resin) 48 g
γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane 2g
Was dissolved and blended using a mixed solvent of toluene and ethyl acetate (weight ratio 50/50) as a solvent, and 3% by volume of surface-treated particles B were blended and dispersed. A single-sided 80 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate film was applied using a coating apparatus and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a circuit connecting member having a thickness of 30 μm.
[0056]
(Example 3)
Phenoxy resin (trade name PKHC, average molecular weight 45,000, manufactured by Union Carbide Co., Ltd.) 50 g
46g of isocyanuric acid ethylene oxide modified diacrylate
Phosphoric ester acrylate 4g
2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (2-ethylhexanoylperoxy) hexane 3 g
Was dissolved and blended using methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent, and 3% by volume of surface-treated particles C were blended and dispersed. A single-sided 80 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate film was applied using a coating apparatus and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a circuit connecting member having a thickness of 30 μm.
[0057]
Example 4
Phenoxy resin (Union Carbide, trade name PKHC, average molecular weight 45,000) 25 g
Polyurethane resin 25g
48 g of dicyclohexyl methacrylate
Phosphate acrylate 2g
2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (2-ethylhexanoylperoxy) hexane 3 g
Was dissolved and blended using methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent, and 3% by volume of surface-treated particles D were blended and dispersed. A single-sided 80 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate film was applied using a coating apparatus and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a circuit connecting member having a thickness of 30 μm.
[0058]
(Comparative Examples 1-4)
A connection member for a circuit was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, except that untreated conductive particles before treatment were used instead of surface-treated particles in the formulations of Examples 1 to 4.
[0059]
(Comparative Example 5)
A nickel layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm is provided on the surface of a particle having polystyrene as a core, and a gold layer having a thickness of 0.04 μm is provided outside the nickel layer. An insulating surface layer made of a polymer was formed to a thickness of about 1 μm. A circuit connection member was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using the above particles instead of the surface-treated particles A in Example 1.
[0060]
(Production of circuit connection structure)
The circuit connection member was temporarily connected on a glass substrate on which ITO was formed as an electrode by slitting to a width of 1.5 mm under the conditions of 80 ° C., 5 seconds, and 1 MPa. The surface-treated polyethylene terephthalate film was peeled off, and the semiconductor chip electrodes on which gold bumps having a bump area of 50 μm × 50 μm, a pitch of 100 μm, and a height of 20 μm were formed and aligned. No. 5 and 190 ° C. for 15 seconds and 3 MPa, and Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were connected at 160 ° C. for 10 seconds and 3 MPa to obtain a circuit connection structure. Ten samples were prepared for each example and comparative example.
[0061]
(Characteristic evaluation method)
Connection resistance: Connection resistance was measured by a 4-terminal method using a multimeter TR6848 manufactured by Advantest Corporation. Further, these samples were left in a constant temperature and humidity tester at 85 ° C. and 85% RH for 500 hours, and the subsequent connection resistance was also measured. The connection resistance value was an average value of 10 samples.
Insulation resistance: The insulation resistance between horizontal circuits was measured using the above circuit connection structure. The measurement was performed for 10 samples and calculated as a short-circuit occurrence rate.
The results are summarized in Table 1.
[0062]
[Table 1]
[0063]
In Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention, the surface-coated conductive particles in which the concentration of the material for coating the conductive particles was changed by 0.1 wt% to 1 wt% were used. Is low and good, and the occurrence rate of short circuit is also good at 0%. On the other hand, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 that do not use the surface-coated conductive particles have a small connection resistance and are good, but a short circuit occurs and insulation cannot be ensured. In Comparative Example 5, the connection resistance is high because the surface layer is insulative.
[0064]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to achieve a connection that achieves both connection resistance and insulation.
Claims (4)
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| JP2002126548A JP4032345B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2002-04-26 | Surface-coated conductive particles, circuit connection member using the same, connection method and connection structure |
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| JP2002126548A JP4032345B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2002-04-26 | Surface-coated conductive particles, circuit connection member using the same, connection method and connection structure |
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| JP2005325312A (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-11-24 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Adhesive composition, film-like adhesive and circuit connecting material using the same, circuit member connecting structure, and manufacturing method thereof |
| KR100722493B1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-05-28 | 제일모직주식회사 | Insulating conductive fine particles and anisotropic conductive adhesive film using the same |
| JP5701529B2 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2015-04-15 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | Metal pigment composition |
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