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JP4034985B2 - Manufacturing method of stator of rotating electric machine - Google Patents
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JP4034985B2 - Manufacturing method of stator of rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of stator of rotating electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4034985B2
JP4034985B2 JP2002107378A JP2002107378A JP4034985B2 JP 4034985 B2 JP4034985 B2 JP 4034985B2 JP 2002107378 A JP2002107378 A JP 2002107378A JP 2002107378 A JP2002107378 A JP 2002107378A JP 4034985 B2 JP4034985 B2 JP 4034985B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
exciting coil
stator
teeth
iron core
mold
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JP2003304656A (en
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政男 籔本
力 開道
岳顕 脇坂
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電動機または発電機のステータの構造および製造法に関するものであり、より具体的には、ステータの鉄心と励磁コイルを分離し、励磁コイルを鉄心より先に組み立てることにより、製造工程、鉄損特性および、鉄心と励磁コイルのリサイクル性を改善できるステータ構造に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば、電動機を構成するためにステータ構造としては、
(1)鉄心を形成した後に、各鉄心のティース先端間に形成された隙間から励磁コイルをスロットに挿入してティースに励磁コイルを巻回する構造や
(2)複数に分割された分割鉄心のティースに励磁コイルを巻回した後に、分割鉄心を組み立てて接合面を溶接あるいは接着で固定する構造がある。
(1)の方法では、励磁コイルを狭い隙間からスロットに挿入するため、励磁コイルの充填効率が低く、銅損が大きくなるという問題がある。さらに、分解に際しては、励磁コイルは結果として鉄心のティース間に圧入されているため、鉄心と励磁コイルを分離回収することが困難であり、リサイクル性に乏しいという問題がある。
(2)の方法では、巻線の充填効率は高いが、分割鉄心は剛性が低く、振動が出やすいというという問題がある。また、分解に際しては、励磁コイルは結果としてティースに固定されているため、鉄心と励磁コイルを分離回収することが困難であり、リサイクル性に乏しいという問題がある。
【0003】
他のステータを構造として、特開昭62−118733号公報、特開平5−252700号公報、特開平6−22508号公報には例えば、図12(a)に示すように、ヨーク部aと互いの間に空隙を存した状態の4個のティース部bを分離可能に接合してステータ鉄心を形成し、ヨーク部aとティース部b間の隙間に樹脂モールド成形を施して励磁コイル巻装用の巻枠部cを備えたモールド部dを形成し、図12(b)に示すように、ヨーク部から分離してから巻枠部cに励磁コイルeを巻装し、図12(c)に示すように、巻枠部cに励磁コイルeを巻装したモールド部dと結合状態のティース部bをヨーク部aに再接合することによって得られるステータ構造も提案されている。
しかし、これらのステータ構造では、励磁コイルは結果として鉄心に固定されているため、励磁コイルと鉄心に分離回収が困難でリサイクル性に乏しいという問題がある。また、ステータ鉄心を形成するティースとヨークを分離、再接合する構造であるため、嵌合や、溶接やカシメが必要であり、この際に鉄心にかかる応力や、積層間短絡により鉄損が増加しやすいなどの問題がある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、電動機あるいは発電機のステータに関わり、鉄心と励磁コイルの分離回収を容易にして、そのリサイクル性を改善するとともに、励磁コイルと鉄心の組み立てを容易にし、かつ鉄心に対する応力を最小とすることによって鉄心性能が優れた、コンパクトなステータの構造および、このステータの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記の目的を達成するために、下記(1)を要旨とするものである。
(1)複数の励磁コイルと、電磁鋼板を積層して形成された複数のティースと略円筒形のヨークを有する鉄心からなる回転電機のステータの製造方法において、巻線治具を用いて表面絶縁層を有する巻線を巻回し所定の形状に成形して励磁コイルを形成し、複数個のこれら励磁コイルを略円筒形の型枠の中に周方向に並べて配置し、空芯部に型治具を挿入し,型枠内に絶縁性樹脂を流し込み固化させてから、型治具および型枠を取り外すことによって、空芯部にティース挿入孔を有する複数の励磁コイルを内蔵した励磁コイルブロックを形成し、このティース挿入孔に積層した電磁鋼板を挿入し、周方向で隣接する電磁鋼板を、接合あるいは電磁鋼板を介して接合して、ヨークを形成し、固定枠を装着して励磁コイルブロックと鉄心を固定することを特徴とする回転電機のステータの製造方法
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、鉄心に励磁コイルを巻くという概念を変えて、励磁コイルを先に組み立ててブロック化し、この励磁コイルブロックに鉄心をはめ込むという、逆転の発想に基づくものであり、ステータの組み立てを容易とするとともに、鉄心にかかる応力を最小として鉄損の劣化を防ぎ、かつ、ステータの剛性および抜熱特性を確保するとともに、リサイクル時の鉄心と励磁コイルの分離を容易にすることを可能にするものである。
本発明のステータの構造においては、励磁コイル側では、予め成形された複数の励磁コイルを周方向に配置して、空芯部に鉄心のティース挿入孔を設けて、電気絶縁性を有する樹脂を介してブロック状に一体化成形するものである。
このようにして励磁コイルを形成する場合には、鉄心に歪を与えることなく巻線の充填率および成形性を向上することができ、銅損を低減させるとともに励磁コイルの剛性と熱伝導性を向上させることができる。また、巻線および結線を鉄心組み込み前に行ない、樹脂成形で1個の部品とすることができるため、ステータの組み立て作業効率も改善できる。
励磁コイルを形成する巻線は表面に絶縁層を有する必要があるが、断面形状は円形に限らず角形にすることもできる。成形樹脂が巻線の間に侵入することにより、励磁コイルの剛性と熱伝導性を改善することが出来る。また、励磁コイルブロックを形成する際に、励磁コイルとともに特定の電気位相のティースに巻回したロータ磁極位置検出コイルを一体化して、電動機のセンサレス制御に活用することができる。
【0009】
一方、鉄心は、電磁鋼板を積層して形成された複数のティースと略円筒形のヨークからなり、前記の励磁コイルブロックのティース挿入孔に、略T字型の電磁鋼板を挿入し、隣接するティース挿入孔に挿入された電磁鋼板と、励磁コイルブロックの外部で周方向に連結してヨークを形成するものである。
鉄心を構成する電磁鋼板には、公知の鋼板を使用できるが、方向性電磁鋼板などの磁気異方性を有する鋼板を用いる場合には、鋼板の磁化容易方向を鉄心内の磁束の流れる方向と揃えるが好ましい。電磁鋼板の形状は、ティース挿入孔に挿入した時にティースの先端位置が揃うように、励磁コイルブロックの外部に残る部分の幅がティース幅よりも広い略T字型をなす。ステータの組み立て作業効率の点からは、ティース挿入孔に電磁鋼板を挿入する前に、電磁鋼板を任意の枚数で、ティースの幅方向およびティースの先端が揃うように積層しておくことが好ましいが、鉄心性能に悪影響を与える懸念のある溶接、嵌合、カシメなどの方法を避け、電磁鋼板の積層間は軽度に接合しておくことが好ましい。
ティースおよびヨークの形状は任意の形状、例えば公知の形状を選択することができるが、ティース挿入孔への充填効率を上げるためには、ティースは均一幅あるいはティースの基部からロータに対向する先端に向かい細くなる形状が好ましい。ヨークは、励磁コイルブロックのティース挿入孔に挿入した略T字型の電磁鋼板が、励磁コイルブロックの外部で、周方向で隣接する電磁鋼板と直接接合してもよいし、間に形状の異なる電磁鋼板を介して接合させて磁気的に連結してもよい。
電磁鋼板の接合は、基本的には、ヨークをステータの半径方向、すなわちティースの先端の反対方向から噛み合わせて接合するものであり、この接合を容易にするために、接合線の角度は接合部を挟み隣接する電磁鋼板のティースのなす角度の間にあることが好ましい。
【0010】
周方向に隣接する電磁鋼板の接合方法としては、基本的には、鉄心性能に悪影響を与える懸念のある溶接、嵌合、カシメなどの方法を避け、接合を簡易にし、かつ安定させて接合部における励磁電流の形成を円滑にするために、電磁鋼板の接続位置を積層方向に階段状にずらして配置し、この位置を積層方向で繰り返して、隣接し周方向に相対する鋼板との間で重なり部を形成するステップラップ接続が好ましい。この際、鉄心の剛性を向上させ、振動の発生を防止するためには、電磁鋼板の接合に接着を併用することが好ましいが、解体の際の分離が困難にならないように軽接着にすることが好ましい。
渦電流により鉄損を増加させるため、励磁コイルが電磁鋼板と接する部分は絶縁膜を形成することが好ましい。この絶縁膜の形成は、筒状の絶縁性樹脂を励磁コイルの空芯の内面に配置することでもよいし、成形時に樹脂を空芯部の内面に充填されるようにしてもよい。
ティース挿入孔と電磁鋼板の密着性を高め、振動の発生を防止し、熱伝導性を向上させるために、樹脂などの充填物により空隙を埋めることが好ましい。鉄心の端面での電気的短絡を防止するため、充填物には電気絶縁性を有することが好ましい。
このようにしてティース挿入孔に電磁鋼板を挿入し、励磁コイルブロックの外部で電磁鋼板を連結した後、外側に固定枠を装着して、励磁コイルブロックと鉄心を互いに固定し、ステータを形成することができる。固定枠の形状および装着方法は、解体の際の分解方法を考慮したものが好ましい。
この固定枠を介して、ステータをロータの軸受けを含む回転電機の構造体に着脱可能に装着することができる。固定枠を励磁コイルブロックおよび鉄心に接触させ、固定枠に水冷パイプあるいは空冷フィンなどの冷却促進機能を付与することにより、ステータからの抜熱を容易にすることができる。
【0011】
本発明のステータの製造方法としては、例えば、以下のような製造方法がある。
(1).鉄心のティースに合わせたサイズに形成した巻線治具に絶縁筒(樹脂膜)を介して、表面絶縁層を有する電導線を巻回し、所定の形状に成形した後に巻線治具から絶縁筒とともに励磁コイルを取り外し、このようにして作成した複数個の励磁コイルを略円筒形の型枠の中に周方向に並べて配置し、空芯部に型治具を挿入し、型枠内に絶縁性樹脂を流し込み固化させてから、型治具および型枠を取り外すことによって、空芯部にティース挿入孔を有する複数の励磁コイルを内蔵した励磁コイルブロックを形成し、このティース挿入孔に、積層した電気鋼板を挿入し、周方向で隣接する電磁鋼板を直接接合あるいは電磁鋼板を介して接合してヨークを形成し、固定枠を装着して励磁コイルブロックと鉄心を固定する方法。
(2).鉄心のティースよりわずかに断面が大きい形状の巻線治具に表面絶縁層を有する電導線を巻回し、所定の形状に成形した後に巻線治具から励磁コイルを引き抜き、このようにして作成した複数個の励磁コイルを略円筒形の型枠の中に周方向に並べて配置し、空芯部に樹脂が入るスペースを確保する絶縁性樹脂スペーサを介して型治具を挿入し、型枠内に絶縁性樹脂を流し込み固化させてから、型治具および型枠を取り外すことによって、空芯部にティース挿入孔を有する複数の励磁コイルを内蔵した励磁コイルブロックを形成し、このティース挿入孔に、積層した電気鋼板を挿入し、周方向で隣接する電磁鋼板を直接接合あるいはさらに異なる電磁鋼板を介して接合してヨークを形成し、固定枠を装着して励磁コイルブロックと鉄心を固定する方法。
がある。
【0012】
なお、本発明のステータ構造は、解体する場合には、例えば固定枠を外し、ロータを外した後のロータ配置空間に、流体圧で進退動作する押圧体を、励磁コイルブロックのティース挿入孔に挿入されているティースの先端位置に対応して放射状に配置した押圧装置によって、ティースを内側から押し出して鉄心を励磁コイルブロックから容易に分離して回収することができる。また、鉄心と分離された励磁コイルブロックは別途、公知の方法などにより樹脂層と分離して、巻線を容易に回収することができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
本発明のステータ構造の実施例について、図1〜図3に基づいて説明する。
この実施例1は、励磁コイル2と、積層した電磁鋼板で打ち抜いて形成したティース6tとヨーク6yからなるステータ鉄心6で形成された、同期型の電動機のステータ構造において、本発明を適用した場合のものである。
図1(a)、(b)において、1は励磁コイルブロックで、中心部にロータ(図示省略)配置空間7を有するものであり、平面がドーナツ型に形成されたものである。この励磁コイルブロック1は、空芯部に電磁鋼板6のティース部6tを挿入するティース挿入孔4を形成した複数の励磁コイル2を放射状に並べて、絶縁性樹脂3を介してブロック状に形成したものである。ティース挿入孔4の孔面には、ティース部6tを挿入したときに励磁コイル2と短絡を生じないように絶縁膜5を形成している。
この励磁コイルブロック1のティース挿入孔4にティース部6tを挿入する電磁鋼板6は、図2(a)、(b)、(c)に示すように、ティース幅とティース先端を揃えて積層され、積層端面から接着液を浸透させ、軽度に接着されている。
【0014】
この電磁鋼板6は、図3(a)、(b)に示すように、励磁コイルブロック1に形成した各励磁コイル2のティース挿入孔4に、それぞれ、ティース部6t部を挿入し、隣接するヨーク部6yを接合することにより、励磁コイルブロック1とステータ鉄心6を結合するものである。ティース挿入孔4にティース部6tを挿入する際にティース部6tとティース挿入孔4の孔面の絶縁膜5との間の空隙には絶縁性樹脂3を充填し、ティース挿入孔4とティース部6tの密着性を高め、振動の発生を防止し、熱伝導性を向上させるようにしている。
周方向で隣接するヨーク部6yの接合方法としては、ここでは、図4(c)に示すように、電磁鋼板の接続位置を積層方向に階段状にずらして配置し、この位置を積層方向で繰り返して、積層方向で隣接し周方向に相対する鋼板との間で重なり部を形成するようにしたステップラップ接合を採用している。このような接合方法にすることによって、接合を容易にし、かつ接合を安定させて接合部における励磁電流の形成を円滑にすることができる。
このようにして、励磁コイルブロック1と電磁鋼板6を固定してステータ構造を得ることができるが、構造体としての剛性、回転電機の構造体に対する装着性能をより安定的にするために、例えば、図5(a)、(b)に示すように、外側に固定枠8を組み立てることが望ましい。固定枠は励磁コイルブロックに固定されるとともに、鉄心を固定する機能を持つ。また、固定枠に水冷管16を組み込むことによりステータからの抜熱性能を向上させることができる。
【0015】
本発明のステータの製造方法例について、図6〜図9に基づいて説明する。
まず、励磁コイルブロック1の製造方法例について説明する。図6(a)、(b)において、9は励磁コイルブロック1を得るための型枠で、下枠9aと上枠9bからなり、下枠9aと上枠9bにそれぞれティース挿入孔4を形成するための型治具10をセットする孔部が周方向に複数設けられており、下枠9aと上枠9bに形成した孔部には、励磁コイル2の空芯部に絶縁膜5を介して型治具10が通るようにセットされ、型枠9内に絶縁性樹脂3を流し込んで固化させる。この型治具10は、樹脂が固化した後のティース挿入孔の形状が積層された電磁鋼板6のティース部6tと略同じ断面となるように形状が調整されており、樹脂が型離れし易い表面性状を持つものである。
励磁コイルは、図7(a)、(b)、(c)に示す巻線治具11を用いて巻線が巻回され、巻線の充填率が高く、かつ励磁コイルブロックに配置された時に隣接する励磁コイルが互いに干渉しないような形状に整形される。巻線治具11から外された励磁コイル2は、図8(a)、(b)、(c)に示すような形状に整形され、空芯部に絶縁膜5を設置される。
【0016】
型枠9内に絶縁性樹脂3を流し込んで固化させた状態から、型治具10を、絶縁膜5を残して型枠9から引き抜き、型枠9を取り外すことにより、図1(a)、(b)、(c)に示すような空芯部にティース挿入孔4を有する複数の励磁コイル2を内蔵した励磁コイルブロック1を形成することができる。
このようにして得られた励磁コイルブロック1に、図2〜図5に示すように、電磁鋼板6のティース部6tを挿入し、周方向で隣接するヨーク部6yを接合し、固定枠8を組み立てることによって、ステータを製造することができる。
【0017】
なお、本発明のステータ構造においては、解体する場合に、例えばロータ(図示省略)を外し、固定枠8を外した後のロータ配置空間7に、図9に示すような、流体圧で進退動作する押圧体14および押圧装置15により、励磁コイルブロック1のティース挿入孔4に挿入されているティース部6tを押し出して、電磁鋼板6を励磁コイルブロック1から容易に分離して回収することができる。また、励磁コイル2は別途、公知の方法などにより絶縁性樹脂層3と分離して容易に回収することができる。
【0018】
なお、ここでは、励磁コイルブロック1の隣接するティース挿入孔4に挿入した電磁鋼板6のヨーク部6yが励磁コイルブロック1の外部で接合してヨークを形成したが、例えば、図10に示すように、さらに異なる電磁鋼板6y′を介して連結しヨークを形成するようにしてもよい。図10では、電磁鋼板6y′は4個の電磁鋼板6に接続しているが、接続する電磁鋼板の数を限定するものではない。
なお、本発明は、実施例1に限定されるものではない。例えば実施例1では、インナーロータ型の同期型電動機のステータとして適用したものであるが、図11(a)、(b)に示すようなアウターロータ方の同期電動機のステータとしても適用可能であり、また、他の形式の電動機や、発電機のステータとしても適用可能である。
また、励磁コイルブロックの形状および製造方法(型枠、治具などを含む、巻線の断面形状および径、励磁コイルの形状、配置、電磁鋼板のティース部とヨーク部の形状と接合構造、固定枠構造、励磁コイルとステータ鉄心の解体方法などについては、電動機や発電機の形式、容量などに応じて、請求項を満足する範囲内で変更のあるものである。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明においては、予め、空芯部に鉄心のティース挿入孔を形成した複数の励磁コイルを周方向に配置して絶縁性樹脂を介してブロック状に形成し、この励磁コイルブロックのティース挿入孔に電磁鋼板を挿入してステータを形成するため、解体時に励磁コイルブロックから電磁鋼板を引き抜くことで、電磁鋼板(鉄)と励磁コイル(銅)の分離回収が容易であり、そのリサイクル性を改善することができる。
また、鉄心と励磁コイルブロックが絶縁性樹脂層を介して剛性が強化され、鉄心に対する応力を励磁コイルブロックに分散させることによって鉄心性能に優れた、コンパクトなステータ構造を実現可能であり、振動や騒音を低減するとともに、励磁コイルと鉄心の熱伝達を良好にして抜熱特性を向上させることができる。
このようにして励磁コイルを形成する場合には、鉄心に歪を加えることなく巻線の充填率を大きくすることができ、励磁コイルの剛性と熱伝導性を向上させるとともに銅損を低減させることができる。また、巻線および結線を鉄心組み込み前に行ない、一体化成型で1個の部品とすることができるため、回転電機の組み立て作業効率も改善できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)図は、本発明の実施例による励磁コイルブロックの一部切欠平面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図のAa−Ab矢視一部切欠断面説明図。
【図2】(a)図は、本発明の実施例によるステータ鉄心の平面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図の正面説明図、(c)図は、(a)図の側面説明図。
【図3】(a)図は、図1の励磁コイルブロックと図2のステータの組み立て状態を示す一部切欠断面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図の正面説明図。
【図4】図3の周方向で隣接するヨークの接合部(A部)の接合例を示す正面部分説明図、(a)図は、突合せ接合例、(b)図は、ラップ接合例、(c)図は、ステップ接合例。
【図5】(a)図は、図3のようにして得られたステータに固定枠を組み立てた状態を示す平面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図の一部切欠正面説明図。
【図6】(a)図は、図1の励磁コイルブロックの製造方法例を示す一部切欠平面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図のAa−Ab矢視一部切欠断面説明図。
【図7】(a)図は、励磁コイルの巻回治具例を示す正面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図の平面説明図、(c)図は、(b)図の側面説明図。
【図8】(a)図は、図7の治具で励磁コイルを巻回した後取り外した状態を示す正面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図の平面説明図、(c)図は、(b)図の側面説明図。
【図9】(a)図は、図3のステータにおける鉄心引き抜き方法例を示す一部切欠断面平面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図のAa−Ab矢視断面説明図。
【図10】(a)図は、本発明での鉄心のほかの構造例(ヨーク分割構造例)を示す一部切欠断面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図の正面説明図。
【図11】(a)図は、本発明での鉄心のほかの構造例(アウターロータ型ステータ構造例)を示す一部切欠断面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図の正面説明図。
【図12】(a)図は従来のステータのティース部とヨーク部とモールド部の結合状態例を示す平面説明図、(b)図は、(a)図の状態からモールド部と結合したティース部を分離して励磁コイルを巻回した状態を示す平面図、(c)図は、(b)図の励磁コイルを巻回したティース部をヨーク部に再結合した状態を示す正面説明図。
【符号の説明】
1 励磁コイルブロック 2 励磁コイル
3 絶縁性樹脂層 4 ティース挿入孔
5 絶縁膜 6 電磁鋼板
6t ティース部 6y,6y′ ヨーク部
7 ロータ配置空間 8 固定枠
8a 固定枠(下枠) 8b 固定枠(上枠)
8c 固定枠(外周枠) 9 型枠
9a 型枠(下枠) 9b 型枠(上枠)
10 型治具 11 巻線治具
12 巻線部 13 取り付け孔
14 押圧体 15 押圧装置
16 冷却管 17 励磁コイル電流端子
18 位相検出コイル電圧端
(従来例)
a ヨーク部 b ティース部
c 巻線枠 d モールド部
e 励磁コイル
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a structure and a manufacturing method of a stator of an electric motor or a generator, more specifically, by separating a stator iron core and an excitation coil and assembling the excitation coil before the iron core, The present invention relates to a stator structure capable of improving iron loss characteristics and recyclability of an iron core and an exciting coil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for example, as a stator structure for configuring an electric motor,
(1) After the iron core is formed, a structure in which the exciting coil is inserted into the slot through the gap formed between the tips of the teeth of each iron core and the exciting coil is wound around the tooth. There is a structure in which, after winding an exciting coil around a tooth, a split iron core is assembled and the joint surface is fixed by welding or bonding.
In the method (1), since the exciting coil is inserted into the slot through a narrow gap, there is a problem that the filling efficiency of the exciting coil is low and the copper loss is increased. Further, when disassembling, since the exciting coil is press-fitted between the iron core teeth as a result, it is difficult to separate and collect the iron core and the exciting coil, and there is a problem that the recyclability is poor.
In the method (2), although the winding filling efficiency is high, there is a problem that the split iron core has low rigidity and is likely to vibrate. Further, at the time of disassembly, since the exciting coil is fixed to the tooth as a result, it is difficult to separate and collect the iron core and the exciting coil, and there is a problem that the recyclability is poor.
[0003]
With another stator as a structure, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-118733, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-252700, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-22508 disclose, for example, as shown in FIG. The four tooth portions b with a gap between them are joined in a separable manner to form a stator iron core, and resin molding is applied to the gap between the yoke portion a and the tooth portion b for exciting coil winding. A mold part d having a winding frame part c is formed, and as shown in FIG. 12B, after separating from the yoke part, an exciting coil e is wound around the winding frame part c, and FIG. As shown, a stator structure obtained by rejoining a yoke portion a with a mold portion d in which an exciting coil e is wound around a winding frame portion c and a joined tooth portion b is also proposed.
However, in these stator structures, since the exciting coil is fixed to the iron core as a result, there is a problem that separation and recovery of the exciting coil and the iron core are difficult and recyclability is poor. In addition, since the teeth and yoke that form the stator core are separated and re-joined, fitting, welding, and caulking are required, and iron loss increases due to stress applied to the iron core and short circuit between layers. There are problems such as easy to do.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention relates to a stator of an electric motor or a generator, facilitates separation and recovery of an iron core and an exciting coil, improves recyclability, facilitates assembly of the exciting coil and iron core, and minimizes stress on the iron core. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a compact stator structure having excellent core performance and a method for manufacturing the stator.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following (1) .
(1) In a method of manufacturing a stator for a rotating electric machine comprising a plurality of exciting coils, a plurality of teeth formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates and a substantially cylindrical yoke, surface insulation is performed using a winding jig. A winding having a layer is wound and formed into a predetermined shape to form an exciting coil. A plurality of these exciting coils are arranged in a circumferential direction in a substantially cylindrical formwork, and a mold is cured in the air core. After inserting the tool and pouring the insulating resin into the mold and solidifying it, remove the mold jig and the mold to remove the excitation coil block containing a plurality of excitation coils with teeth insertion holes in the air core. The magnetic steel sheets laminated and laminated in the teeth insertion hole are inserted, the magnetic steel sheets adjacent in the circumferential direction are joined or joined via the electromagnetic steel sheets, the yoke is formed, the fixed frame is attached, and the excitation coil block And fix the iron core Method of manufacturing a rotary electric machine stator, characterized in that.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is based on the idea of reverse rotation, in which the concept of winding an exciting coil around an iron core is changed, the exciting coil is assembled first into a block, and the iron core is fitted into this exciting coil block. In addition, the stress on the iron core is minimized to prevent deterioration of the iron loss, and the rigidity and heat removal characteristics of the stator are secured, and the iron core and the excitation coil can be easily separated during recycling. Is.
In the structure of the stator of the present invention, on the exciting coil side, a plurality of pre-excited exciting coils are arranged in the circumferential direction, an iron core insertion hole is provided in the air core portion, and an electrically insulating resin is provided. And is integrally formed into a block shape.
When the exciting coil is formed in this way, the filling rate and formability of the winding can be improved without distorting the iron core, the copper loss can be reduced, and the rigidity and thermal conductivity of the exciting coil can be reduced. Can be improved. In addition, since the winding and connection can be performed before assembling the iron core and formed into one component by resin molding, the assembly work efficiency of the stator can be improved.
The winding forming the exciting coil needs to have an insulating layer on the surface, but the cross-sectional shape is not limited to a circle but may be a square. When the molding resin penetrates between the windings, the rigidity and thermal conductivity of the exciting coil can be improved. Further, when forming the exciting coil block, a rotor magnetic pole position detecting coil wound around a tooth of a specific electrical phase can be integrated with the exciting coil and used for sensorless control of the electric motor.
[0009]
On the other hand, the iron core is composed of a plurality of teeth formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates and a substantially cylindrical yoke, and an approximately T-shaped electromagnetic steel plate is inserted into the teeth insertion hole of the exciting coil block and adjacent to the teeth. The yoke is formed by connecting the electromagnetic steel sheet inserted into the teeth insertion hole and the exciting coil block in the circumferential direction.
A known steel plate can be used as the magnetic steel plate constituting the iron core, but when using a steel plate having magnetic anisotropy such as a directional magnetic steel plate, the easy magnetization direction of the steel plate is defined as the direction in which the magnetic flux flows in the iron core. It is preferable to align. The shape of the electromagnetic steel sheet is substantially T-shaped so that the width of the portion remaining outside the exciting coil block is wider than the teeth width so that the tip positions of the teeth are aligned when inserted into the teeth insertion hole. From the viewpoint of the assembly work efficiency of the stator, before inserting the electromagnetic steel sheet into the teeth insertion hole, it is preferable to stack the electromagnetic steel sheets in an arbitrary number so that the width direction of the teeth and the tips of the teeth are aligned. It is preferable to avoid the methods such as welding, fitting, and caulking, which may adversely affect the iron core performance, and to make a slight connection between the laminated magnetic steel sheets.
The shape of the teeth and the yoke can be selected arbitrarily, for example, a known shape, but in order to increase the filling efficiency of the teeth insertion hole, the teeth should be of uniform width or from the base of the teeth to the tip facing the rotor. A shape that narrows in the opposite direction is preferable. As for the yoke, the substantially T-shaped electromagnetic steel sheet inserted into the teeth insertion hole of the exciting coil block may be directly joined to the electromagnetic steel sheet adjacent in the circumferential direction outside the exciting coil block, or the shape is different between them. It may be magnetically coupled by joining via an electromagnetic steel plate.
Magnetic steel sheets are basically joined by meshing the yoke from the radial direction of the stator, that is, from the direction opposite to the tip of the teeth, and in order to facilitate this joining, the angle of the joining line is the joining. It is preferably between the angles formed by the teeth of the adjacent magnetic steel sheets with the portion interposed therebetween.
[0010]
As a method of joining magnetic steel sheets adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, basically, avoiding methods such as welding, fitting, and caulking that may adversely affect iron core performance, simplifying and stabilizing the joining. In order to facilitate the formation of the excitation current in the step, the connection positions of the electromagnetic steel sheets are staggered in the stacking direction, and this position is repeated in the stacking direction between adjacent steel sheets facing in the circumferential direction. A step lap connection that forms the overlap is preferred. At this time, in order to improve the rigidity of the iron core and prevent the occurrence of vibrations, it is preferable to use adhesion for the joining of the electromagnetic steel sheets, but it should be lightly bonded so that separation during disassembly is not difficult. Is preferred.
In order to increase iron loss due to eddy current, it is preferable to form an insulating film in the portion where the exciting coil is in contact with the magnetic steel sheet. The insulating film may be formed by arranging a cylindrical insulating resin on the inner surface of the air core of the exciting coil, or filling the resin with the inner surface of the air core during molding.
In order to improve the adhesion between the tooth insertion hole and the magnetic steel sheet, prevent the occurrence of vibration, and improve the thermal conductivity, it is preferable to fill the gap with a filler such as a resin. In order to prevent an electrical short circuit at the end face of the iron core, the filler preferably has electrical insulation.
After inserting the electromagnetic steel plate into the teeth insertion hole in this way and connecting the electromagnetic steel plate outside the excitation coil block, the fixing frame is attached to the outside, and the excitation coil block and the iron core are fixed to each other to form the stator. be able to. The shape and mounting method of the fixed frame are preferably in consideration of the disassembling method at the time of dismantling.
Through this fixed frame, the stator can be detachably attached to the rotating electrical machine structure including the rotor bearings. Heat removal from the stator can be facilitated by bringing the fixed frame into contact with the exciting coil block and the iron core and providing the fixed frame with a cooling promoting function such as a water-cooled pipe or an air-cooled fin.
[0011]
As a manufacturing method of the stator of the present invention, for example, there are the following manufacturing methods.
(1). A conductive wire having a surface insulating layer is wound around a winding jig formed in a size that matches the teeth of the iron core via an insulating cylinder (resin film) and formed into a predetermined shape. At the same time, the excitation coil is removed, and a plurality of excitation coils created in this way are arranged in a circumferential direction in a substantially cylindrical formwork, a mold jig is inserted into the air core, and insulation is provided in the formwork. After removing the mold and the mold, the exciting coil block containing a plurality of exciting coils having teeth insertion holes in the air core is formed, and the teeth insertion holes are laminated. A method in which a magnetic steel plate is inserted and a magnetic steel plate adjacent in the circumferential direction is directly joined or joined via a magnetic steel plate to form a yoke, and a fixed frame is attached to fix the exciting coil block and the iron core.
(2). A conductive wire having a surface insulating layer was wound around a winding jig having a slightly larger cross-section than the teeth of the iron core, and after forming into a predetermined shape, the exciting coil was drawn out from the winding jig and thus created. A plurality of exciting coils are arranged side by side in a substantially cylindrical formwork, and a mold jig is inserted through an insulating resin spacer that secures a space for resin to enter the air core. After pouring and solidifying the insulating resin, the mold jig and the formwork are removed to form an excitation coil block with a plurality of excitation coils having teeth insertion holes in the air core, and the teeth insertion holes Insert the laminated electrical steel sheets, directly join the magnetic steel sheets adjacent in the circumferential direction or join them through different magnetic steel sheets to form the yoke, and attach the fixing frame to fix the exciting coil block and the iron core Method.
There is.
[0012]
When disassembling the stator structure of the present invention, for example, the pressing frame that moves forward and backward with fluid pressure is inserted into the teeth insertion hole of the exciting coil block in the rotor arrangement space after removing the fixed frame and removing the rotor. The iron core can be easily separated from the exciting coil block and recovered by pushing the teeth from the inside by a pressing device arranged radially corresponding to the tip position of the inserted tooth. Further, the exciting coil block separated from the iron core can be separated from the resin layer separately by a known method or the like, and the winding can be easily recovered.
[0013]
【Example】
An embodiment of a stator structure of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the first embodiment, the present invention is applied to a stator structure of a synchronous motor formed by a stator core 6 composed of an excitation coil 2 and teeth 6t and a yoke 6y formed by punching with laminated electromagnetic steel plates. belongs to.
In FIGS. 1A and 1B, reference numeral 1 denotes an exciting coil block having a rotor (not shown) arrangement space 7 in the center and having a flat surface formed in a donut shape. In this exciting coil block 1, a plurality of exciting coils 2 in which teeth insertion holes 4 for inserting the tooth portions 6t of the electromagnetic steel plate 6 are inserted in the air core portion are arranged radially and formed in a block shape via the insulating resin 3. Is. An insulating film 5 is formed on the surface of the tooth insertion hole 4 so as not to cause a short circuit with the exciting coil 2 when the tooth portion 6t is inserted.
As shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C, the electromagnetic steel sheet 6 into which the tooth portion 6t is inserted into the tooth insertion hole 4 of the exciting coil block 1 is laminated with the teeth width and the teeth tip aligned. The adhesive liquid is infiltrated from the end face of the laminate and is lightly bonded.
[0014]
As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the electromagnetic steel sheet 6 is adjacent to the tooth insertion holes 4 of the exciting coils 2 formed in the exciting coil block 1 by inserting the tooth portions 6t. The exciting coil block 1 and the stator core 6 are joined by joining the yoke portion 6y. When the tooth portion 6t is inserted into the tooth insertion hole 4, the gap between the tooth portion 6t and the insulating film 5 on the surface of the tooth insertion hole 4 is filled with the insulating resin 3, and the tooth insertion hole 4 and the tooth portion are filled. The adhesion of 6t is increased, the occurrence of vibration is prevented, and the thermal conductivity is improved.
As a method of joining the yoke portions 6y adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, here, as shown in FIG. 4C, the connection positions of the electromagnetic steel plates are shifted in a stepwise manner in the stacking direction, and this position is set in the stacking direction. Repeatedly, step lap joining is adopted in which overlapping portions are formed between the steel plates adjacent in the laminating direction and facing in the circumferential direction. By adopting such a joining method, joining can be facilitated, the joining can be stabilized, and the excitation current can be smoothly formed in the joining portion.
In this way, the stator structure can be obtained by fixing the exciting coil block 1 and the electromagnetic steel plate 6, but in order to make the rigidity as the structure and the mounting performance to the structure of the rotating electrical machine more stable, for example, As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, it is desirable to assemble the fixed frame 8 on the outside. The fixed frame is fixed to the exciting coil block and has a function of fixing the iron core. Moreover, the heat removal performance from a stator can be improved by incorporating the water cooling pipe | tube 16 in a fixed frame.
[0015]
An example of a method for manufacturing a stator according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, an example of a method for manufacturing the exciting coil block 1 will be described. 6 (a) and 6 (b), reference numeral 9 denotes a mold for obtaining the exciting coil block 1, which is composed of a lower frame 9a and an upper frame 9b, and teeth insertion holes 4 are formed in the lower frame 9a and the upper frame 9b, respectively. A plurality of holes are provided in the circumferential direction for setting the mold jig 10 to be formed, and the holes formed in the lower frame 9a and the upper frame 9b are interposed through the insulating film 5 on the air core of the exciting coil 2. Then, the mold jig 10 is set so as to pass through, and the insulating resin 3 is poured into the mold frame 9 to be solidified. The shape of the mold jig 10 is adjusted so that the shape of the tooth insertion hole after the resin is solidified is substantially the same as the cross section of the tooth portion 6t of the electromagnetic steel sheet 6 on which the resin is solidified. It has surface properties.
The exciting coil is wound by using the winding jig 11 shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C, the winding filling rate is high, and the exciting coil is arranged in the exciting coil block. Sometimes the adjacent exciting coils are shaped so as not to interfere with each other. The exciting coil 2 removed from the winding jig 11 is shaped into a shape as shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C, and the insulating film 5 is installed on the air core.
[0016]
From the state in which the insulating resin 3 is poured into the mold 9 and solidified, the mold jig 10 is pulled out from the mold 9 leaving the insulating film 5, and the mold 9 is removed, whereby FIG. An exciting coil block 1 including a plurality of exciting coils 2 having teeth insertion holes 4 in the air core as shown in (b) and (c) can be formed.
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the tooth portion 6 t of the electromagnetic steel plate 6 is inserted into the exciting coil block 1 obtained in this way, the yoke portions 6 y adjacent in the circumferential direction are joined, and the fixed frame 8 is attached. By assembling, the stator can be manufactured.
[0017]
In the stator structure of the present invention, when disassembling, for example, the rotor (not shown) is removed, and the rotor arrangement space 7 after removing the fixed frame 8 is moved forward and backward by fluid pressure as shown in FIG. By pressing the pressing body 14 and the pressing device 15, the tooth portion 6 t inserted into the tooth insertion hole 4 of the exciting coil block 1 can be pushed out, and the electromagnetic steel plate 6 can be easily separated from the exciting coil block 1 and collected. . Further, the exciting coil 2 can be easily recovered separately from the insulating resin layer 3 by a known method or the like.
[0018]
Here, the yoke portion 6y of the electromagnetic steel plate 6 inserted into the adjacent tooth insertion hole 4 of the exciting coil block 1 is joined outside the exciting coil block 1 to form a yoke. For example, as shown in FIG. In addition, the yoke may be formed by connecting via a different electromagnetic steel plate 6y ′. In FIG. 10, the electromagnetic steel plates 6y ′ are connected to four electromagnetic steel plates 6, but the number of electromagnetic steel plates to be connected is not limited.
The present invention is not limited to the first embodiment. For example, the first embodiment is applied as a stator of an inner rotor type synchronous motor, but can also be applied as a stator of an outer rotor type synchronous motor as shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b). Also, it can be applied to other types of electric motors and generator stators.
Excitation coil block shape and manufacturing method (including formwork, jigs, winding cross-sectional shape and diameter, excitation coil shape and arrangement, electrical steel sheet teeth and yoke shape and joint structure, fixing The frame structure, the method of disassembling the exciting coil and the stator core, and the like are subject to change within a range that satisfies the claims, depending on the type and capacity of the motor and generator.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, a plurality of exciting coils having iron core teeth insertion holes formed in the air core portion in advance in the circumferential direction are formed in a block shape via an insulating resin. Because the electromagnetic steel plate is inserted into the stator to form the stator, the electromagnetic steel plate is pulled out of the exciting coil block during disassembly, making it easy to separate and recover the electromagnetic steel plate (iron) and the exciting coil (copper) and improving its recyclability. can do.
In addition, the rigidity of the iron core and the exciting coil block is reinforced through the insulating resin layer, and by distributing the stress on the iron core to the exciting coil block, a compact stator structure with excellent iron core performance can be realized. While reducing noise, heat transfer between the exciting coil and the iron core can be improved to improve the heat removal characteristics.
When an exciting coil is formed in this way, the filling rate of the winding can be increased without adding distortion to the iron core, improving the rigidity and thermal conductivity of the exciting coil and reducing copper loss. Can do. Moreover, since winding and connection can be performed before assembling the iron core and integrated into one component, the assembly work efficiency of the rotating electrical machine can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A is a partially cutaway plan view of an exciting coil block according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a partially cutaway sectional view taken along the arrow Aa-Ab in FIG.
2A is a plan explanatory view of a stator core according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2B is a front explanatory view of FIG. 2A, and FIG. 2C is a side view of FIG. Illustration.
3A is a partially cutaway cross-sectional explanatory view showing an assembled state of the exciting coil block of FIG. 1 and the stator of FIG. 2, and FIG. 3B is a front explanatory view of FIG.
4 is a front partial explanatory view showing a joining example of a joint portion (A part) of yokes adjacent in the circumferential direction of FIG. 3, FIG. 4A is a butt joining example, FIG. 4B is a lap joining example, (C) The figure shows an example of step bonding.
5A is a plan explanatory view showing a state in which a fixed frame is assembled to the stator obtained as shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5B is a partially cutaway front explanatory view of FIG. 5A. .
6A is a partially cutaway plan view showing an example of a manufacturing method of the exciting coil block of FIG. 1, and FIG. 6B is a partially cutaway cross-sectional view taken along arrow Aa-Ab of FIG. Figure.
7A is a front explanatory view showing an example of a winding jig for an exciting coil, FIG. 7B is a plan explanatory view of FIG. 7A, and FIG. 7C is a plan view of FIG. Side explanatory drawing.
8A is a front explanatory view showing a state where the exciting coil is wound with the jig of FIG. 7 and then removed, FIG. 8B is a plan explanatory view of FIG. The figure is a side explanatory view of FIG.
9A is a partially cutaway cross-sectional plan view illustrating an example of a method of extracting the iron core in the stator of FIG. 3, and FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line Aa-Ab of FIG.
FIG. 10A is a partially cutaway cross-sectional explanatory view showing another structural example of the iron core according to the present invention (example of a yoke division structure), and FIG. 10B is a front explanatory view of FIG.
11A is a partially cutaway cross-sectional explanatory view showing another structural example (outer rotor type stator structural example) of the iron core in the present invention, and FIG. 11B is a front explanatory view of FIG. Figure.
12A is an explanatory plan view showing an example of a combined state of a teeth portion, a yoke portion, and a mold portion of a conventional stator, and FIG. 12B is a view showing teeth combined with a mold portion from the state of FIG. The top view which shows the state which isolate | separated the part and wound the exciting coil, (c) The figure is front explanatory drawing which shows the state which rejoined the teeth part which wound the exciting coil of (b) figure to the yoke part.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Excitation coil block 2 Excitation coil 3 Insulating resin layer 4 Teeth insertion hole 5 Insulating film 6 Electrical steel plate 6t Teeth part 6y, 6y 'Yoke part 7 Rotor arrangement space 8 Fixed frame 8a Fixed frame (lower frame) 8b Fixed frame (upper) frame)
8c Fixed frame (outer peripheral frame) 9 Mold frame 9a Mold frame (lower frame) 9b Mold frame (upper frame)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Type jig | tool 11 Winding jig | tool 12 Winding part 13 Mounting hole 14 Press body 15 Pressing device 16 Cooling pipe 17 Excitation coil current terminal 18 Phase detection coil voltage end (conventional example)
a Yoke part b Teeth part c Winding frame d Mold part e Excitation coil

Claims (1)

複数の励磁コイルと、電磁鋼板を積層して形成された複数のティースと略円筒形のヨークを有する鉄心からなる回転電機のステータの製造方法において、巻線治具を用いて表面絶縁層を有する巻線を巻回し所定の形状に成形して励磁コイルを形成し、複数個のこれら励磁コイルを略円筒形の型枠の中に周方向に並べて配置し、空芯部に型治具を挿入し、型枠内に絶縁性樹脂を流し込み固化させてから、型治具および型枠を取り外すことによって、空芯部にティース挿入孔を有する複数の励磁コイルを内蔵した励磁コイルブロックを形成し、このティース挿入孔に積層した電磁鋼板を挿入し、周方向で隣接する電磁鋼板を、接合あるいは電磁鋼板を介して接合して、ヨークを形成し、固定枠を装着して励磁コイルブロックと鉄心を固定することを特徴とする回転電機のステータの製造方法。  In a method of manufacturing a stator for a rotating electrical machine including a plurality of exciting coils, a plurality of teeth formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates, and a substantially cylindrical yoke, a stator having a surface insulating layer using a winding jig A winding is wound and formed into a predetermined shape to form an exciting coil. A plurality of these exciting coils are arranged in a circumferential direction in a substantially cylindrical formwork, and a mold jig is inserted into the air core. Then, after pouring the insulating resin into the mold and solidifying it, by removing the mold jig and the mold, an excitation coil block incorporating a plurality of excitation coils having teeth insertion holes in the air core is formed. Insert the magnetic steel sheets laminated in this tooth insertion hole, join the magnetic steel sheets adjacent in the circumferential direction, or join them through the electromagnetic steel sheets, form the yoke, attach the fixed frame, and connect the exciting coil block and the iron core Fixing Method for manufacturing a stator of a rotating electric machine characterized.
JP2002107378A 2002-04-10 2002-04-10 Manufacturing method of stator of rotating electric machine Expired - Fee Related JP4034985B2 (en)

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US20090134734A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2009-05-28 Denso Corporation Ac motor and control unit thereof
JP2009273216A (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-19 Denso Corp Motor
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WO2013183188A1 (en) 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 株式会社安川電機 Rotating electrical machine and method for manufacturing rotating electrical machine
JP5722830B2 (en) * 2012-06-19 2015-05-27 章 三好 Rotating electrical equipment
WO2014030214A1 (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-02-27 株式会社安川電機 Coil, rotating electrical machine, and method of manufacturing coil
DE102014000690A1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Kienle + Spiess Gmbh Ring-shaped disc pack of single-tooth packets and method for producing a disc pack
JP2015162975A (en) * 2014-02-27 2015-09-07 シンフォニアテクノロジー株式会社 Stator and inner rotor type motor
JP5903510B2 (en) * 2015-03-02 2016-04-13 株式会社サンウインド Rotating electrical equipment
DE102018202273A1 (en) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stator or rotor of a rotating electric machine, rotating electric machine and aircraft with a rotating electric machine
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