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JP4036273B2 - Nonaqueous solvent battery manufacturing method - Google Patents
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JP4036273B2 - Nonaqueous solvent battery manufacturing method - Google Patents

Nonaqueous solvent battery manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4036273B2
JP4036273B2 JP22133896A JP22133896A JP4036273B2 JP 4036273 B2 JP4036273 B2 JP 4036273B2 JP 22133896 A JP22133896 A JP 22133896A JP 22133896 A JP22133896 A JP 22133896A JP 4036273 B2 JP4036273 B2 JP 4036273B2
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Prior art keywords
negative electrode
roller
cylindrical
battery
nonaqueous solvent
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JP22133896A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1064558A (en
Inventor
景 大山
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FDK Twicell Co Ltd
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Toshiba Battery Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は非水溶媒電池の製造方法に関し、さらに詳しくは該製造方法において、電池の缶体の内周面に負極活物質を圧着させる方法の改良に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
負極活物質としてリチウム、ナトリウム等のアルカリ金属を用いた非水溶媒電池は、エネルギー密度が大きく、貯蔵特性に優れ、しかも作動温度範囲が広いという特徴をもち、電卓、時計、メモリのバックアップ電源として多用されている。
【0003】
ところで、上述した電池は、一般にボビン型構造をとっており、負極はリチウム、ナトリウム等のアルカリ金属を負極活物質とし、正極は金属の酸化物、硫化物もしくはオキシハロゲン化物を正極活物質として用いている。例えば、二酸化マンガン、フッ化黒鉛、塩化チオニルなどを正極活物質としたリチウム電池が知られている。
【0004】
図2に従来の非水溶媒電池の構造を示す。このような非水溶媒電池は、負極物質であるアルカリ金属を一極性端子を兼ねる金属製有底円筒形の缶体の内周面へ直接収納しているので、アルカリ金属は、金属製負極缶の内周面へ均一かつ強固に圧着されることが必要である。かかる電池の製造方法を次に示す。
【0005】
まず、一極性端子を兼ねる例えばステンレス製の有底円筒形の缶体1の内周面に、金属リチウムからなる負極2をステンレス製の円柱形ローラーにより圧着する。負極2の内側には、セパレータ4(例えばガラス繊維製不織布からなる)が配置され、缶体1の底面全体には底紙5が配置されており、このセパレータ4と底紙5を介して正極3が負極2の内側に収納されている。
【0006】
正極3は通常、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン10重量%を結着剤としたアセチレンブラックからなる筒状の多孔質炭素体3aと、該炭素体3aの中空部内面に配置されたニッケル製エキスパンドメタルからなる金属集電体3bとから構成されている。また、前記正極3内には、後述する方法により、電解液例えば塩化チオニル溶液(例えば濃度1.8モル/lの四塩化アルミニウムリチウムLiAlCl4 を含む)が注入され、含浸されている。
【0007】
次いで下端にリード線6が取付けられた多極性端子を兼ねる注液用金属パイプ7を該リード線を介して前記金属集電体3bに接続した後、該パイプ7を正極3上方の絶縁紙8の孔に挿通させる。つづいて、金属パイプ7をステンレス製の蓋体9の中心孔10に挿通させ、蓋体9を缶体1の上部開口部に嵌合させ、蓋体9の外周縁と缶体1の接触箇所とを、レーザ溶接して封口する。なお、蓋体9の中心孔10とパイプ7との隙間に、例えばガラス製シール材11を介在させ、該シール材11によりパイプ7と蓋体9は予めハーメティックシールして封着してある。このようにして電解液が収容されていない状態の電池前駆体を組み立てる。
【0008】
次いで、前述した電解液を前記パイプ7を通して缶体1内に所定量注入し、電解液12を収容する。つづいて、前記パイプ7内にステンレス製の栓体13を挿入した後、該栓体13のパイプ7との接触箇所全体を直接レーザ溶接して一体化し、液密に封口する。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような製造方法では次のような問題があった。
すなわち、一極性端子を兼ねる有底円筒形の缶体の内周面にアルカリ金属からなる負極を圧着させるには、前述したように円柱形ローラーを使用するが、その方法は、図1に示すように、2本の円柱形ローラーを用い、その内の1本の円柱形ローラーにアルカリ金属からなる負極を巻き付け、これを有底円筒形の缶体の内側に入れ、他の1本の円柱形ローラーを缶体の外側に置いて、この2本の円柱形ローラーで缶体の外周壁を挟んで自転させる。
【0010】
ところが、円柱形ローラーに巻き付けたアルカリ金属が該ローラーに付着して缶体の内周面に圧着されない場合や、圧着されてもそれが強固ではない場合が生じ、そのため放電反応が進行するにしたがいアルカリ金属が消耗していくと、放電電圧が不規則に変化し、電池特性が低下する。また、円柱形ローラーにアルカリ金属が付着するので頻繁に円柱形ローラーを清掃する必要が生じ、量産の点でも問題があった。
【0011】
本発明は、上記問題に対処してなされたもので、非水溶媒電池の製造方法において、缶体の内周面にアルカリ金属からなる負極を圧着する際に、アルカリ金属の円柱形ローラーへの付着を防止し、アルカリ金属を缶体内壁へ強固に圧着して、放電特性の優れた電池を提供し、かつ量産性を向上させることを目的とするものである。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明は、有底円筒形の缶体の内周面にアルカリ金属からなる負極活物質を、前記缶体の内外にある2本の円柱形ローラーを用いて圧着する工程を有する非水溶媒電池の製造方法において、2本の円柱形ローラーのうち、缶体の内側にあって負極活物質に接しているほうの円柱形ローラーの材質を対鋼摩擦係数が0.2以下である、ポリアセタール、超高分子量ポリエチレンおよびポリアミドから選ばれた結晶性熱可塑性樹脂とすることを特徴とする非水溶媒電池の製造方法に関する。
【0014】
極活物資としては、リチウム、ナトリウム等のアルカリ金属を、正極活物質としては、二酸化マンガン、フッ化黒鉛、塩化チオニル、硫化鉄、酸化銅などの金属酸化物、硫化物もしくはオキシハロゲン化物等が挙げられる。
【0015】
本発明においては、アルカリ金属に接する円柱形ローラーの材質を上記の結晶性熱可塑性樹脂としたので、円柱形ローラーへアルカリ金属が付着せず、量産性が向上する。また、円柱形ローラーへアルカリ金属が付着しないことによって、アルカリ金属が強固に缶体の内周面に圧着され、その結果、放電電圧の安定性に優れた信頼性の高い非水溶媒電池を得ることができる。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を以下に説明する。
図1は本発明の製造方法を示す図である。図においてAは板状に切断したリチウム金属を巻き付けて缶体1内に挿入し、自転する円柱形のローラーであり、Bは缶体1の外周面を空気圧、油圧等で押し圧するローラーである。ローラーAおよびローラーBをそれぞれ回転させることによって、この図に示すようにリチウム金属2は缶体1の内周面に圧着される。
【0017】
(実施例1)
図1のローラーAの材質をポリアセタールとした。このローラーAにリチウム金属を巻き付け、ステンレス製の有底円筒形缶体1の内周面に圧着した。このようにリチウム金属を缶体へ圧着した後、図2に示す非水溶媒電池を製造した。
【0018】
(実施例2)
ローラーAの材質を超高分子量ポリエチレンとした以外は実施例1と同様にして非水溶媒電池を製造した。
【0019】
(実施例3)
ローラーAの材質をポリアミドとした以外は実施例1と同様にして非水溶媒電池を製造した。
【0020】
(比較例1)
ローラーAの材質をステンレス製とした以外は実施例1と同様にして非水溶媒電池を製造した。
【0021】
(比較例2)
ローラーAの材質をABS樹脂とした以外は実施例1と同様にして非水溶媒電池を製造した。
【0022】
(比較例3)
ローラーAの材質をフェノール樹脂とした以外は実施例1と同様にして非水溶媒電池を製造した。
【0023】
上記実施例1〜3および比較例1〜3によりリチウム金属を内周面に圧着した缶体それぞれ500個について、リチウム金属が缶体の内周面に圧着されていないものや、ローラーAにリチウム金属が付着しているものの数を調べた結果を表1に示す。
【0024】
また、缶体内周面にリチウム金属が圧着されているものにより組み立てたそれぞれ100個の非水溶媒電池を、300Ω負荷で放電し、図3のAのように放電終止まで平坦な電圧を維持した良品と、図3のBのように放電終止まで平坦な電圧を維持し得なかった不良品の電池の数を調べた。その結果を表2に示す。
【0025】
【表1】

Figure 0004036273
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0004036273
【0027】
表1および表2から明らかなように、本発明により製造した電池は、従来のステンレス製のローラーAを使用して製造した電池や、本発明以外の材質のローラーAを使用して製造した電池に比べて、有底円筒形の缶体へのリチウム金属の圧着が強固であり、また放電電圧の安定性の点でも優れていた。また、本発明によればリチウム金属がローラーAに付着することも防止でき、量産性にも優れていた。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の製造方法によれば、非水溶媒電池の有底円筒形の缶体の内周面へアルカリ金属からなる負極を強固に圧着することができるので、電池特性の安定した信頼性の高い非水溶媒電池を提供することができ、しかも量産性に優れている。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の製造方法を示す説明図。
【図2】リチウム・塩化チオニル電池の断面図。
【図3】リチウム・塩化チオニル電池における放電電圧の時間経過に伴う変化を示すグラフ。
【符号の説明】
1…有底円筒形の缶体、2…負極、3…正極、4…セパレータ、5…底紙、6…リード線、7…パイプ、8…絶縁紙、9…蓋体、11…ガラス製シール材、12…電解液、13…栓体、A…負極活物質に接するほうの円柱形ローラー、B…缶体の外側から押し圧する円柱形ローラー。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous solvent battery, and more particularly to an improvement in a method for pressure bonding a negative electrode active material to the inner peripheral surface of a battery can in the manufacturing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Nonaqueous solvent batteries using alkaline metals such as lithium and sodium as the negative electrode active material have high energy density, excellent storage characteristics, and a wide operating temperature range, and are used as backup power sources for calculators, watches, and memories. It is used a lot.
[0003]
By the way, the above-mentioned battery generally has a bobbin type structure, the negative electrode uses an alkali metal such as lithium or sodium as a negative electrode active material, and the positive electrode uses a metal oxide, sulfide or oxyhalide as a positive electrode active material. ing. For example, lithium batteries using manganese dioxide, graphite fluoride, thionyl chloride or the like as a positive electrode active material are known.
[0004]
FIG. 2 shows the structure of a conventional nonaqueous solvent battery. In such a non-aqueous solvent battery, the alkali metal, which is a negative electrode material, is directly stored on the inner peripheral surface of a metal bottomed cylindrical can that also serves as a unipolar terminal. It is necessary to be uniformly and firmly pressure-bonded to the inner peripheral surface. A method for manufacturing such a battery will be described below.
[0005]
First, the negative electrode 2 made of metallic lithium is pressure-bonded to the inner peripheral surface of a bottomed cylindrical can body 1 made of, for example, stainless steel, which also serves as a unipolar terminal, using a stainless steel cylindrical roller. A separator 4 (for example, made of a glass fiber non-woven fabric) is disposed inside the negative electrode 2, and a bottom paper 5 is disposed on the entire bottom surface of the can 1. The positive electrode is interposed between the separator 4 and the bottom paper 5. 3 is housed inside the negative electrode 2.
[0006]
The positive electrode 3 is usually composed of a cylindrical porous carbon body 3a made of acetylene black with 10% by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder, and a nickel expanded metal disposed on the inner surface of the hollow portion of the carbon body 3a. And a metal current collector 3b. Further, an electrolytic solution such as a thionyl chloride solution (for example, containing lithium aluminum tetrachloride LiAlCl4 having a concentration of 1.8 mol / l) is injected and impregnated into the positive electrode 3 by a method described later.
[0007]
Next, a liquid injection metal pipe 7 also serving as a multipolar terminal having a lead wire 6 attached to the lower end is connected to the metal current collector 3b via the lead wire, and then the pipe 7 is connected to an insulating paper 8 above the positive electrode 3. Insert through the hole. Subsequently, the metal pipe 7 is inserted into the center hole 10 of the stainless steel lid body 9, the lid body 9 is fitted into the upper opening of the can body 1, and the outer peripheral edge of the lid body 9 is in contact with the can body 1. Are sealed by laser welding. For example, a glass sealing material 11 is interposed in the gap between the center hole 10 of the lid body 9 and the pipe 7, and the pipe 7 and the lid body 9 are hermetically sealed and sealed in advance by the sealing material 11. is there. In this way, the battery precursor in a state in which the electrolytic solution is not accommodated is assembled.
[0008]
Next, a predetermined amount of the above-described electrolytic solution is injected into the can body 1 through the pipe 7 to accommodate the electrolytic solution 12. Subsequently, after inserting the stopper 13 made of stainless steel into the pipe 7, the whole contact portion of the stopper 13 with the pipe 7 is directly laser-welded to be integrated and sealed in a liquid-tight manner.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, such a manufacturing method has the following problems.
That is, in order to pressure-bond the negative electrode made of an alkali metal to the inner peripheral surface of a bottomed cylindrical can that also serves as a unipolar terminal, a cylindrical roller is used as described above, and the method is shown in FIG. As described above, two cylindrical rollers are used, and a negative electrode made of an alkali metal is wound around one of the cylindrical rollers, and this is placed inside a bottomed cylindrical can body, and the other one column A shaped roller is placed outside the can body, and the two cylindrical rollers rotate around the outer peripheral wall of the can body.
[0010]
However, there are cases where the alkali metal wound around the cylindrical roller adheres to the roller and is not pressure-bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the can body, or even if it is pressure-bonded, it is not strong, and as the discharge reaction proceeds. As the alkali metal is consumed, the discharge voltage changes irregularly, and the battery characteristics deteriorate. In addition, since alkali metal adheres to the cylindrical roller, it is necessary to frequently clean the cylindrical roller, which causes a problem in mass production.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in response to the above problem, and in the method for producing a non-aqueous solvent battery, when a negative electrode made of an alkali metal is pressure-bonded to an inner peripheral surface of a can body, An object of the present invention is to provide a battery having excellent discharge characteristics and to improve mass productivity by preventing adhesion and firmly pressing an alkali metal to the inner wall of the can.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is a non-aqueous process comprising a step of pressure-bonding a negative electrode active material made of an alkali metal to the inner peripheral surface of a bottomed cylindrical can body using two cylindrical rollers inside and outside the can body. In the method for producing a solvent battery, the friction coefficient with respect to steel is 0.2 or less for the material of the cylindrical roller that is inside the can and is in contact with the negative electrode active material among the two cylindrical rollers . The present invention relates to a method for producing a non-aqueous solvent battery, characterized in that a crystalline thermoplastic resin selected from polyacetal, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and polyamide is used .
[0014]
As the negative electrode active materials, lithium, an alkali metal such as sodium, as the cathode active material, manganese dioxide, graphite fluoride, thionyl chloride, iron sulfide, metal oxides such as copper oxide, sulfide or oxy halides Is mentioned.
[0015]
In the present invention, since the material of the cylindrical roller in contact with the alkali metal is the above crystalline thermoplastic resin, the alkali metal does not adhere to the cylindrical roller, and mass productivity is improved. Further, since the alkali metal does not adhere to the cylindrical roller, the alkali metal is firmly pressed onto the inner peripheral surface of the can body, and as a result, a highly reliable nonaqueous solvent battery having excellent discharge voltage stability is obtained. be able to.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a production method of the present invention. In the figure, A is a cylindrical roller that is wound around a lithium metal cut into a plate shape and inserted into the can body 1 and rotates, and B is a roller that presses the outer peripheral surface of the can body 1 with air pressure, hydraulic pressure, or the like. . By rotating the roller A and the roller B, respectively, the lithium metal 2 is pressure-bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the can body 1 as shown in this figure.
[0017]
Example 1
The material of the roller A in FIG. 1 was polyacetal. Lithium metal was wound around the roller A and pressed onto the inner peripheral surface of the bottomed cylindrical can 1 made of stainless steel. After pressure bonding lithium metal to the can in this manner, the nonaqueous solvent battery shown in FIG. 2 was manufactured.
[0018]
(Example 2)
A nonaqueous solvent battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the material of the roller A was ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.
[0019]
(Example 3)
A nonaqueous solvent battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the material of the roller A was polyamide.
[0020]
(Comparative Example 1)
A nonaqueous solvent battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the material of the roller A was made of stainless steel.
[0021]
(Comparative Example 2)
A nonaqueous solvent battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the material of the roller A was ABS resin.
[0022]
(Comparative Example 3)
A nonaqueous solvent battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the material of the roller A was phenol resin.
[0023]
About 500 cans each having lithium metal bonded to the inner peripheral surface according to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, lithium metal is not bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the can, Table 1 shows the results of examining the number of metal deposits.
[0024]
In addition, 100 non-aqueous solvent batteries each assembled by using lithium metal bonded to the peripheral surface of the can body were discharged at a load of 300Ω, and a flat voltage was maintained until the end of discharge as shown in FIG. The number of non-defective products and defective batteries that could not maintain a flat voltage until the end of discharge as shown in FIG. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0025]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004036273
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004036273
[0027]
As is apparent from Tables 1 and 2, the battery manufactured according to the present invention includes a battery manufactured using a conventional stainless steel roller A and a battery manufactured using a roller A made of a material other than the present invention. In comparison with the above, the pressure bonding of lithium metal to the bottomed cylindrical can body was strong, and the discharge voltage stability was also excellent. Further, according to the present invention, lithium metal can be prevented from adhering to the roller A, and the mass productivity is excellent.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, the negative electrode made of an alkali metal can be firmly pressure-bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the bottomed cylindrical can of the nonaqueous solvent battery. A stable and highly reliable nonaqueous solvent battery can be provided, and the mass productivity is excellent.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a production method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a lithium / thionyl chloride battery.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in discharge voltage over time in a lithium-thionyl chloride battery.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Bottomed cylindrical can body, 2 ... Negative electrode, 3 ... Positive electrode, 4 ... Separator, 5 ... Bottom paper, 6 ... Lead wire, 7 ... Pipe, 8 ... Insulating paper, 9 ... Cover, 11 ... Product made from glass Sealing material, 12 ... electrolyte, 13 ... plug, A ... cylindrical roller in contact with the negative electrode active material, B ... cylindrical roller for pressing from the outside of the can.

Claims (1)

有底円筒形の缶体の内周面にアルカリ金属からなる負極活物質を、前記缶体の内外にある2本の円柱形ローラーを用いて圧着する工程を有する非水溶媒電池の製造方法において、2本の円柱形ローラーのうち、缶体の内側にあって負極活物質に接しているほうの円柱形ローラーの材質を対鋼摩擦係数が0.2以下である、ポリアセタール、超高分子量ポリエチレンおよびポリアミドから選ばれた結晶性熱可塑性樹脂とすることを特徴とする非水溶媒電池の製造方法。In a nonaqueous solvent battery manufacturing method including a step of pressure bonding a negative electrode active material made of an alkali metal to an inner peripheral surface of a bottomed cylindrical can body using two cylindrical rollers inside and outside the can body Of the two cylindrical rollers, the material of the cylindrical roller that is inside the can and is in contact with the negative electrode active material is a polyacetal, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a coefficient of friction against steel of 0.2 or less. And a crystalline thermoplastic resin selected from polyamide and a method for producing a non-aqueous solvent battery.
JP22133896A 1996-08-22 1996-08-22 Nonaqueous solvent battery manufacturing method Expired - Fee Related JP4036273B2 (en)

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JP22133896A JP4036273B2 (en) 1996-08-22 1996-08-22 Nonaqueous solvent battery manufacturing method

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JP22133896A JP4036273B2 (en) 1996-08-22 1996-08-22 Nonaqueous solvent battery manufacturing method

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JPH1064558A JPH1064558A (en) 1998-03-06
JP4036273B2 true JP4036273B2 (en) 2008-01-23

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