JP4037745B2 - Odor sensor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Odor sensor and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP4037745B2 JP4037745B2 JP2002348567A JP2002348567A JP4037745B2 JP 4037745 B2 JP4037745 B2 JP 4037745B2 JP 2002348567 A JP2002348567 A JP 2002348567A JP 2002348567 A JP2002348567 A JP 2002348567A JP 4037745 B2 JP4037745 B2 JP 4037745B2
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- odor
- compound
- odor sensor
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- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XWBRQUFPSFWNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound [Fe].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 XWBRQUFPSFWNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNTJPVZHFZPHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound [Fe].N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VNTJPVZHFZPHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J kaolinite Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])=O CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQKAOOAFEFCDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(C)C UQKAOOAFEFCDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFBHPFQSSDCYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C SFBHPFQSSDCYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCC MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSUGDXPUFCVGES-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tetradecyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HSUGDXPUFCVGES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- FMLQSNPRVGPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium;1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound [Os].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 FMLQSNPRVGPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKNJNDCMXJNWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium;1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound [Os].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 OKNJNDCMXJNWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGFXYWCTUAIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium;2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound [Os].N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VGFXYWCTUAIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960003351 prussian blue Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013225 prussian blue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008786 sensory perception of smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005425 toluyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は実時間で複数の化学物質、例えばにおい物質を識別する化学センサに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来のガスセンサとしては、接触燃焼式ガスセンサ,気体電動式ガスセンサ,固体電解質式ガスセンサ,電気化学式ガスセンサ,半導体式ガスセンサ,熱戦型半導体式ガスセンサ(以上、例えば大森豊明編、フジテクノシステム、センサー実用事典(1986)233ページ)、電解効果トランジスタ(FET)式ガスセンサ(例えばアイ、ルンドストローム(I.Lundstrom)、アプライド、フィジックス、レター、(Appl.Phys.Lett.)26巻2号(1975)55ページ)、吸着効果トランジスタ(AET)式ガスセンサ(例えば高田義ら、センサ技術4巻13号(1984)39ページ)、ショットキー接合式ガスセンサ(例えば外村昭一郎ら、日本化学会誌10号(1980)1585ページ)、オルガスタ式ガスセンサ(例えば、新コスモス電気株式会社、工業用定置式ガス検知警報装置総合カタログ)、表面弾性波素子(SAW)式ガスセンサ(例えばジェイ、ダブリュウ、グレイト(J.W.Grate)ら、米国海軍研究所報告 NRL−MR−6024、Abs.No.753528、1987)、光ファイバー式ガスセンサ(例えば、イコ コウジ(IkoKoji)ら特開昭63−第158440号公報)、蛍光測定式ガスセンサ(例えば、ビー、エル、ハウエンシュテイン(B.L.Hauenstein)ら、欧州特許EP259951号)、光導波路式ガスセンサ(例えば、アール、アール、スマーデズスキイ(R.R.Smardzewaki)ら、タランタ(Talanta)35巻2号(1988)95ページ)、表面プラズモン式ガスセンサ(例えばカワタ サトシ(Kawata Satoshi)ら、光学、16巻10号(1987)438ページ)などがある。
【0003】
しかし、これらガスセンサはいずれも一般的に活性な低分子のみを検出するもので、匂い物質に代表されるような不活性高分子量分子を選択的に検出することはできない。
【0004】
そこで最近になって、匂い物質のような分子を検出する必要性に応えるために種々の方法が検討されている。例えば、脳波を利用したセンサ(呼吸同期刺激法)(外池光男、電子技術総合研究所研究報告、863号(1986))、植物組織を利用したセンサ(松岡英明、フレグランスジャーナル、86巻(1987)37ページ)、金属酸化物半導体を利用したセンサ(フクイ キヨシ(Fukui Kiyoshi)、特開平2−第134552号公報)、生体膜モデルであるリポゾームを利用したセンサ(ノムラ(T.Nomura)ら、バイオケミストリー(Biochemistry)、26巻(1987)6141ページ)、有機半導体ダイオードセンサ(マインハード(J.E.Meinhard)、米国特許第3428892号(1969))、導電性高分子を利用したセンサ(フィリップ(N.Philip)ら、センサ アンド アクチュエーター(Sensor and Aactuators)、20巻(1989)287ページ)、有機物(合成二分子膜)、有機顔料など)への分子吸着を利用したセンサ(吸着量を水晶振動子やSAWデバイスによって検出するセンサ)(オカハタ ヨシオ(Okahata Yoshio)ら、ラングミュア(Lamgmuir)、3巻(1987)1171ページ、クロサワシゲル(Kurosawa Shigeru)ら、アナリティカル ケミストリ−(Analytical Chemistry)、62巻(1990)353ページ)などの研究がある。
【0005】
しかし、これらセンサにおいては各ガス状物質に対する選択性がなく、各物質の種類を認識できないという問題点を有している。
【0006】
そこで、センサの検出部を多数個設け、その応答のパターン化によりガス状物質の種類を認識しようとする方法が注目を集めている。この方法は人間の匂い認識機構(嗅覚)、すなわちアクロス・ファイバーパターン説を模倣したものであり、各センサの応答をパターン化し、ニューラルネットなどのデータ処理により化学物質の認識能を向上しようとしている。センサヘッド部での化学物質検出法の種類により、例えば1)化学物質吸着による半導体の伝導度変化(例として、カネヤス マサヨシ(Kaneyasu masayoshi),IEEE トランザクション コンポーネント ハイブリッド マニファクチャーテクノロジー(IEEE Transactions Components,Hybrids and Manufacturing Technology)、CHMT−10巻(1987)267ページ;非特許文献1)、2)薄膜被覆を有する水晶振動子への化学物質吸着(例として、ナカモト タカミチ (NakamotoTakamichi)、センサ アンド アクチュエータ(Sensor and Actuators)、B1巻(1990)473ページ;非特許文献2)、および3)薄膜被覆を有する表面弾性波素子(SAW)への化学物質吸着(例えば、スーザン、エル、ローズペルソン(Susan L.Rose−Pehrsson)ら、アナリティカルケミストリー(Analtical Chemistry)60巻(1988)2801ページ;非特許文献3)の3方法が報告されている。
【0007】
しかし、上記のいずれのセンサにおいてもセンサ検出部の選択性が乏しく、パターン化を行ってもその認識能はあまり高くない。特に混合物を用いた場合は十分な認識能が得られないのが現状である。
【0008】
【非特許文献1】
Kaneyasu,IEEE Transactions Components,Hybrids and Manufacturing Technology、CHMT−10巻(1987)267ページ
NakamotoTakamichi、Sensor and Actuators、B1巻(1990)473ページ
【非特許文献3】
Susan L.Rose−Pehrssonら、Analtical Chemistry)60巻(1988)2801ページ
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
複数の匂い物質の分子を高度に識別できる匂いセンサを提供すること。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題について鋭意研究を重ねた結果、少なくともカソードとアノードを一対とした電極を複数含有する基板上に、2種以上の匂い感応物質からなる複合膜を基板の面内方向に匂い感応物質の濃度を連続的または段階的に変化させた成分傾斜構造を設け、個々の電極から得られる電気特性の周波数変化を読み取ることで匂いを2次元パターン化できることを見出した。
【0011】
更に、感応物質として両親媒性有機化合物と層状無機化合物とをハイブリッド化することで耐久性に改善された匂いセンサが得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明は以下の[1]〜[12]に示される匂いセンサおよびその製造方法に関する。
[1] 少なくともカソードとアノードを一対とした電極を一個または複数個、有する基板上に、2種以上の匂い感応物質からなる複合膜を基板の面内方向に沿って匂い感応物質の濃度を連続的または段階的に変化させた成分傾斜構造を有する匂いセンサ。
[2] [1]記載の匂いセンサにおいて、匂い分子への感応によって基板上の個々の電極から得られる電気特性を膜の種類と周波数との2次元座標面にパターン表示することを特徴とする匂いセンサ。
【0013】
[3] 前記匂い感応物質が両親媒性有機化合物であることを特徴とする[1]または[2]記載の匂いセンサ。
[4] 前記両親媒性有機化合物の少なくとも一つが一般式(1)で表されるビピリジル配位子と遷移金属からなる有機金属錯体であることを特徴とする[1]から[3]記載の匂いセンサ。
【0014】
【化2】
〔式中、R1、R2は同一でも異なっていてもよい、疎水性の有機基であり、Mは遷移金属を表す。L1、L2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい配位子を表す。〕
【0015】
[5] 前記一般式(1)において、配位子L1とL2が、アセチルアセトナト、ジメチルグリオキシム、ジメチルグリオキシマト(1−)イオン、ジメチルグリオキシマト(2−)イオン、シュウ酸、ピリジン、2,2’−ビピリジン、1,10−フェナントロリン、1,2−プロパンジアミン、1,3−プロパンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、エチレンジアミン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、エチレンジアミン四酢酸イオン、グリシナト、シアノ基含有化合物、チオシアナトS配位化合物、イソチオシアナトN配位化合物、エチレンジアミンテトラアセタト、マレオニトリルジチオラナト、ニトリロトリアセタナト、オキサラト、1,4,8,11−テトラアザシクロテトラデカン、トリス(2−アミノエチル)アミン及びそれらの誘導体からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の化合物であることを特徴とする[4]に記載の匂いセンサ。
【0016】
[6] 前記一般式(1)において、遷移金属MがFe、Co、Ni、Ru、Rh、Pd、Os、Ir及びPtからなる群より選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする[4]または[5]のいずれかに記載の匂いセンサ。
[7] 前記一般式(1)のR1および/またはR2が炭素数6〜30のアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、アルキルアリール基であることを特徴とする[4]〜[6]に記載の匂いセンサ。
[8] 前記匂い感応物質が両親媒性有機化合物と無機化合物からなる有機−無機複合体であることを特徴とする[1]または[2]記載の匂いセンサ。
【0017】
[9] 前記無機化合物が層状結晶を有し、結晶周期単位の無機層と両親媒性有機化合物とが相互作用を及ぼして分子レベルで積層し、複合化していることを特徴とした[8]に記載の匂いセンサ。
[10] 前記層状結晶を有する無機化合物が、層状珪酸塩、バナジン酸塩、チタン酸塩、モリブデン酸塩、ニオブ酸塩、タングステン酸塩、ウラン酸塩、遷移金属二カルコゲン化物から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする[9]に記載の匂いセンサ。
【0018】
[11] [8]から[10]に記載の無機化合物を分散液に分散させて、さらにその液面上に両親媒性有機分子の単分子膜形成することによって気−液界面において複合化した膜を基板上に累積することを特徴とする匂いセンサの製造方法。
[12] 2種以上の匂い感応物質を基板の面内方向に連続的または段階的に濃度変化させることを特徴とする[1]に記載の匂いセンサの製造方法。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳説する。
【0020】
本発明の電極に使用される導電材料としては、グラファイト、パイロリティックグラファイト、グラッシーカーボン、カーボンファイバー等の炭素系材料及びその成形品、SnO2、In2O3、RuO2、TiO2、ZnO等の金属酸化物系材料及び複合金属酸化物、Pt、Au、Ni、Al、Hg、Rh等の金属系材料、Ge、Si、GaAs、GaP,InP,InAs等の半導体材料が挙げられる。特にSnO2、In2O3の複合金属酸化物やPt、Au等の金属系材料が好適である。
【0021】
本発明に用いられる少なくともカソードとアノードを一対とした電極を一個または複数個有する基板は、形態として特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、以下に示す手順によって製造することができる(図1,図2参照)。まず、ガラス基板1を洗浄した後、フォトレジストを塗布し、フォトリソグラフィ及び現像によって電極2の櫛形パターンのネガティブパターンを同一基板上に複数形成し、その上からクロム薄膜2a及び金薄膜2bを一様に蒸着する。そしてリフトオフ法によってクロム薄膜2a及び金薄膜2bをパターンニングし、櫛形電極2を形成する。これによりガラス基板上に複数の櫛形電極2が形成されたことになる。その状態で各櫛型電極の端部リード線でボンディングすることにより、図1、図2に示した構造の素子の基板部分が得られる。
【0022】
電極の数は1個でも匂いセンサとしての機能を果たすが、複数個設置することにより、二次元パターン表示が可能となり、匂い物質の種類を区別することが可能となる。また、電極は二極系以外に、電極間外部から電圧を加える場合にはセルのオーミック電位降下が生じ参照電極電位が平衡値からずれる恐れがあるので、参照電極を加えた三極系にしてもよい。
【0023】
本発明のカソードとアノードは互いに対向し、対向部分を可能な限り長くとるように配置することが望ましい。また、その間隔は狭い方が好ましい。
【0024】
本発明に用いられる匂い感応物質は匂いに感応して電気特性が変化する物質であれば制限されるものではない。そのような匂い感応物質としては、例えばテトラシアノキノジメタン(TCNQ)、またはその誘導体、もしくはその類縁体、テトラチアフルバレン(TTF)、またはその置換誘導体、テトラチアセトラセン(TTT)、またはその類縁体等、チタンフタロシアニン、バナジウムフタロシアニン、ルテチウムジフタロシアニン等のフタロシアニン系化合物及びその誘導体、プルシアンブルー、ペンタシアノカルボニル鉄、ルテニウムパープル、オスミウムパープル等のプルシアンブルー系化合物及びその誘導体、トリス(2,4−ペンタンジオンネートルテニウム)、トリス(2,4−ペンタンジオンネートオスミウム)等のポリ(2,4−ペンタンジオンネート)金属錯体、ポルフィリネート亜鉛、ポルフィリネート鉄、ポルフィリネートコバルト等のポルフィリネート金属錯体を使用することができる。これらの内、耐熱性、耐光性に優れプラズマ重合などで有機薄膜を形成できることからフタロシアニン系化合物及びその誘導体が好適である。
【0025】
本発明では匂い感応物質の一つに両親媒性有機化合物を使用することが好ましい。、本発明に用いる両親媒性有機化合物は、疎水性部位と親水性部位を併有する有機化合物であれば特に制限はない。例えば、オクチルアミン、ラウリルアミン、テトラデシルアミン、ヘキサデシルアミン、ステアリルアミン、オレイルアミン、アクリルアミン、ベンジルアミン、アニリン等に代表される第一アミン類化合物,ジラウリルアミン、ジテトラデシルアミン、ジヘキサデシルアミン、ジステアリルアミン、N−メチルアニリン等に代表される第二アミン類化合物,ジメチルオクチルアミン、ジメチルデシルアミン、ジメチルラウリルアミン、ジメチルミリスチルアミン、ジメチルパルミチルアミン、ジメチルステアリルアミン、ジラウリルモノメチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリオクチルアミン、N,N−ジメチルアニリン等に代表される第三アミン類化合物及びそれらの塩化物、テトラブチルアンモニウムイオン、テトラヘキシルアンモニウムイオン、ジヘキシルジメチルアンモニウムイオン、ジオクチルジメチルアンモニウムイオン、ヘキサトリメチルアンモニウムイオン、オクタトリメチルアンモニウムイオン、ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウムイオン、ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムイオン、ステアリルトリメチルアンモニウムイオン、ドコセニルトリメチルアンモニウムイオン、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムイオン、セチルトリエチルアンモニウムイオン、ヘキサデシルアンモニウムイオン、テトラデシルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムイオン、ステアリルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムイオン、ジオレイルジメチルアンモニウムイオン、N−メチルジエタノールラウリルアンモニウムイオン、ジプロパノールモノメチルラウリルアンモニウムイオン、ジメチルモノエタノールラウリルアンモニウムイオン、ポリオキシエチレンドデシルモノメチルアンモニウムイオン、アルキルアミノプロピルアミン四級化物等の第四級アンモニウム類化合物が例示される。
【0026】
さらに匂い感応物質としては、一般式(1)で示される両親媒性有機金属錯体が好適である。
【0027】
【化3】
〔式中、R1、R2は同一でも異なっていてもよい、疎水性の有機基であり、Mは遷移金属を表す。L1、L2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい配位子を表す。〕
【0028】
一般式(1)におけるR1、R2は疎水性を有する有機基であれば、特に限定されない。具体的には、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、ヘプチル、オクチル、ノニル、デシル、ウンデシル、ドデシル、トリデシル、テトラデシル、ペンタデシル、ヘキサデシル、ヘプタデシル、オクタデシル、ノナデシル、イコサニル、ヘニコサニル、ドコサニル、トリコサニル、テトラコサニル、ペンタコサニル、ヘキサコサニル、ヘプタコサニル、オクタコサニル、ノナコサニル、トリアコンタニル等のアルキル基;フェニル、トルイル、ナフチル等のアリール基;ベンジル、フェネチル、クミル等のアルキルアリール基;
アルキル基の一部が脱水素された1個以上の二重結合や三重結合等の重合性部位を有している基等が挙げられる。
【0029】
これらのうち、R1及びR2の少なくとも1つがR1および/またはR2が炭素数6〜30のアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、アルキルアリール基であることが好ましく、炭素数6〜30のアルキル基であるものが疎水性に優れ、特に好ましい。またアルキル基としては直鎖状のものが好ましい。炭素数が6未満では分子の配向を制御することが難しい場合があり、また配位子の耐熱性が乏しくなるので感応膜の安定性が不十分になる場合がある。また、炭素数30を超えると錯体分子同士の凝集が起こりやすく、同様に構造の乱れにより耐熱性、耐久性を損なう場合がある。この様な構造の乱れは、電極反応の安定化を妨げるばかりでなく、電荷移動錯体と層状無機高分子層とが均一にハイブリッド化した複合化が妨げられ、耐久性や耐熱性の改善が十分にできなくなる虞がある。
【0030】
一般式(1)における遷移金属Mとしては、Fe、Co、Ni、Ru、Rh、Pd、Os、Ir、Pt等が挙げられる。
【0031】
配位子L1,L2は遷移金属Mに配位できるものであれば特に制限はない。一座配位子、二座配位子あるいはそれ以上配座数を有するものであっても良い。また、一般式(1)に示した配位子の数は2(L1とL2)であるが、配位子の数は1つ、また3つ以上であるものも含む。さらに配位子の配座数が2以上の場合は一つの配位子が遷移金属Mに複数配位(二座配位など)している場合も含まれる。
【0032】
配位子としてはアセチルアセトナト、ジメチルグリオキシム、ジメチルグリオキシマト(1−)イオン、ジメチルグリオキシマト(2−)イオン、シュウ酸、ピリジン、2,2’−ビピリジン、1,10−フェナントロリン、1,2−プロパンジアミン、1,3−プロパンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、エチレンジアミン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、エチレンジアミン四酢酸イオン、グリシナト、シアノ基含有化合物、チオシアナトS配位化合物、イソチオシアナトN配位化合物、エチレンジアミンテトラアセタト、マレオニトリルジチオラナト、ニトリロトリアセタナト、オキサラト、1,4,8,11−テトラアザシクロテトラデカン、トリス(2−アミノエチル)アミン及びそれらの誘導体などが例示される。
【0033】
一般式(I)で表される有機金属錯体としては、ビス(2,2’−ビピリジル)ルテニウム、ビス(2,2’−ビピリジル)オスミウム、トリス(2,2’−ビピリジル)ルテニウム、トリス(2,2’−ビピリジル)オスミウム、トリス(2,2’−ビピリジル)鉄、(4,4'−ジオクタデシル−2,2'−ビピリジル)−(ビスビピリジル)ルテニウム等のビスまたはトリスビピリジル錯体、ビス(1,10−フェナントロリン)ルテニウム、ビス(1,10−フェナントロリン)オスミウム、トリス(1,10−フェナントロリン)ルテニウム、トリス(1,10−フェナントロリン)オスムウム、トリス(1,10−フェナントロリン)鉄、トリス(4,7−ジフェニル−1,10−フェナントロリン)ルテニウム等のビスまたはトリスフェナントロリン錯体、(4,4'−ジオクタデシル−2,2'−ビピリジル)−(ビスフェナントロリン)オスミウム、(4,4’−ジオクタデシル−2,2’−ビピリジル)−(ビスビピリジル)ルテニウム等のビピリジル−フェナントロリン混合錯体等が挙げられる。
【0034】
本発明で用いられる無機化合物は、単位結晶層が互いに積み重なって層状構造をなしているもので、その結晶層間同士の結合が比較的弱く、層状構造を破壊することなく層間に種々イオン、分子、化合物を置き換えられる層状無機化合物が好適である。結晶層間に交換可能なイオンを含む層状結晶の中で交換性イオンが陽イオンであるものとしては、モンモリロナイト、ヘクトライト、サポナイト、カオリナイト、バーミキュライト、カネマイト等に代表される層状珪酸塩、一般式Ti(HPO4)3・nH2O,Zr(HPO4)2・nH2O,Na(UO2PO4)・nH2O等に代表されるリン酸塩、一般式KV3O8,K3VO14,CaV6O16・nH2O等に代表されるバナジン酸塩、一般式NaTi3O7,H2Ti4O9・nH2O,HxTi2-x/4O4・nH2O,KTiNbO5,Rb2MnxTi2-xO4等に代表されるチタン酸塩、一般式Mg2Mo2O7,Cs2Mo5O10,AgMo10O33等に代表されるモリブデン酸塩、一般式KNb3O3,K4Nb6O17等に代表されるニオブ酸塩、一般式Na2W4O13,Ag6W10O33等に代表されるタングステン酸塩、一般式Na2U2O7,Na2U2O7等に代表されるウラン酸塩、TiS2,MoS2,NbSe2がの遷移金属二カルコゲン化物等が挙げられる。また、結晶層間に交換性の陰イオンを持つものとしては、ハイドロタルサイト、スティヒタイト、パイロオーライト等に代表されるハイドロタルサイト類化合物等が挙げられる。
【0035】
前記層状無機化合物を単層剥離させるためには、分散溶媒あるいは層間イオンの選択を行い、双方の溶媒和を調製して層状無機化合物を無限膨潤化させる方法が挙げられる。
【0036】
本発明の匂いセンサにおける匂い感応物質は基板上の電極の上に積層されることが好ましい(図1の符号3)。その場合、匂い感応物質は積層膜として電極上に形成することがさらに好ましい。積層膜は、層状無機化合物と両親媒性有機化合物とが相互作用により分子レベルで複合化している積層膜であることが好ましい。基板上に累積した複合積層膜の単位層構成は両親媒性有機分子単分子層と層状無機化合物単層とが結晶周期単位の厚みで1:1または2:1に累積したものが例示される。累積方式はハイブリッド化したLB膜にみられるX型、Y型、Z型の3つのタイプが挙げられ、また、異なる単分子層との複合積層膜であってもよい。
【0037】
本発明の匂いセンサに用いる有機−無機複合体(上記の複合化積層膜)の製造方法としてはスパッタリング法、プラズマ重合法、キャスト法、ラングミュア・ブロジェット法(以下LB法)、交互積層法等が挙げられ、これらを組み合わせた方法で製造することが可能である。基板の面内方向(基板と平行方向)に沿って匂い感応物質の濃度や量を変化させた成分傾斜構造を設ける場合は、LB法、交互積層法が簡便な方法として有効である。
【0038】
LB法:
ラングミュア、ブロジェット以来の伝統的な手法として知られており、具体的には気−液界面の不溶性単分子膜を液面上から固体基板上に移行して累積した積層膜を形成する手法である。代表的な手順として垂直浸積法と水平付着法がよく知られている。垂直浸積法は、基板下降時のみ単分子膜が移行するX型累積、下降時、上昇時ともに移行するY型累積、及び基板上昇時のみ移行するZ型移行累積が可能である。水平付着法は基板面を水平にして単分子膜の疎水基側に付着させてX型累積するのに適している。この場合は液相に無機化合物を分散させたのち、両親媒性有機分子単分子膜を液面上に形成することで複合化を行うことができる。また、予めインターカレーション法によって調製しておいた層間化合物を含有する不溶性単分子膜を形成して基板に累積する方法も有効である。
【0039】
交互積層法:
基板を親水化処理した後、イオン性化合物の水溶液に基板を浸積して基板上への累積を行う。基板は、陽イオン性化合物と陰イオン性化合物の溶液に交互に浸積することにより、異種化合物の単分子膜を分子レベルで交互に積層することができる。具体的には、無機化合物分散液と両親媒性有機分子に基板を交互に浸積させる方法が挙げられる。
【0040】
上記2種以上の匂い感応物質の基板面内方向での連続的な成分傾斜構造の製造方法としては、LB法や交互積層法においては、基板の液中への浸漬位置にずらすことにより目的の傾斜構造を得ることができる。また、スパッタリング法やプラズマ重合法、キャスト法では複数回の被覆作業においてマスク位置をずらしながら第一の成分を累積し、続けて第二の成分を被覆することで成分傾斜構造を得ることができる。
【0041】
更に本発明の匂センサは、有機−無機ハイブリッド化により耐久性を改善し、かつ複数の電極を含む基板上で基板平面の面内方向に成分 傾斜構造を有するものであり、匂いの2次元パターン化を可能にするものである。
【0042】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0043】
両親媒性有機化合物としては、両親媒性化合物−1:ステアリルアミン(東京化成(株)製試薬)及び下記の有機金属錯体を以下の様にして合成した。
両親媒性化合物−2:50mgの(ビスフェナントロリン)オスミウムジクロライドと70mgの4,4'−ジオクタデシル−2,2' −ビピリジルを32mgの硝酸銀をエタノール中で30分間還流して(4,4'−ジオクタデシル−2,2'−ビピリジル)−(ビスフェナントロリン)ルテニウムクロライドを得た。両親媒性化合物−3:両親媒性化合物−2と同様にして(ビスビピリジル)ルテニウムジクロライドと4,4'−ジオクタデシル−2,2'−ビピリジルから(4,4'−ジオクタデシル−2,2'−ビピリジル)−(ビスビピリジル)オスミウムクロライドを得た。
【0044】
無機化合物としては以下のものを用いた。
無機化合物−1:合成サポナイト(クニミネ工業(株) スメクトンSA)を使用した。層間にはナトリウムイオンを有し、CEC(イオン交換容量)は90meq/100gである。
無機化合物―2:天然粘土鉱物の一つであるモンモリロナイト(クニミネ工業(株) クニピア−F)を使用した。層間には交換性のナトリウムイオンを有し、CECは100meq/100gである。
基板:図1に示すパターンの櫛形電極を20×40mmのガラス基板上に3組並べた基板を使用した。この櫛形電極を端から順に電極1、電極2、電極3とする。
【0045】
<実施例1>
ラングミュアトラフ(U.S.I.(株)製)を用い、基板状に匂い感応物質ののLB膜を形成した。すなわち、無機化合物1の分散液〔希薄な無機化合物の分散水(濃度0.007g/L)〕上に両親媒性化合物−1であるステアリルアミンのクロロホルム溶液を展開して30分放置して均一な複合単分子膜を調製した。この単分子膜の表面圧を20mN/m、20℃に保った状態で垂直浸漬法にて基板の長手方向に5mmづつ浸漬深さを浅くしながら8層累積した。続いてステアリルアミンの代りに両親媒性化合物−2のクロロホルム溶液を分散水上に展開し、今度は基板を5mmづつ7層深く浸漬することで複合短分子膜を形成し、匂い感応物質の成分傾斜構造を有する匂いセンサを得た。
【0046】
この匂いセンサを16Torrの減圧したチャンバー内にリード線と接続して挿入し、ブランクの真空状態と、個々の匂い分子を注入した際の電気抵抗を周波数1、10、100kHzでLCRテスタ(LCR HiTESTER 3532−50、日置電気)を用いて測定した。抵抗(R)と容量(C)が並列の等価回路を仮定し、見かけ上の周波数依存性を測定した。電気抵抗の変化率は次式で求めた。
変化率:(Rp g−Rp i)/Rp i
Rp g:匂い物質注入後の抵抗
Rp i:真空状態の抵抗
匂い物質としてはホルムアルデヒドとニトロメタンを使用した。
【0047】
<実施例2>
実施例1における両親媒性化合物−1(ステアリルアミン)を両親媒性化合物−3に変え、実施例1と同様にして行った。
【0048】
<実施例3>
実施例1における無機化合物−1を無機化合物―2に変え、実施例1と同様にして行った。
【0049】
<比較例1>
両親媒性化合物−1と無機化合物―1の複合膜を4層累積した後、両親媒性化合物−2と無機化合物―1の複合膜を成分濃度を傾斜させずに4層累積して、実施例1と同様の測定を行った。
【0050】
【表1】
【0051】
表1および図3〜10に測定結果を示した。傾斜構造を持たない匂いセンサ(比較例1)では電気抵抗の変化率に明確な変化が見られなかった。それに対し実施例1〜3では各匂いセンサが2つの匂い物質に対して固有の二次元パターンを示した。匂い感応物質の傾斜構造から電気信号を周波数変数として得ることで匂い物質に固有の二次元パターンを得ることができた。
【0052】
【発明の効果】
本発明の匂いセンサは、少なくともカソードとアノードを一対とした電極を複数含有する基板上に、2種以上の匂い感応物質からなる複合膜を基板の面内方向に連続的または段階的に濃度変化させた成分傾斜構造を設け、個々の電極から得られる電気特性の周波数変化を読み取ることで、匂い物質を2次元パターンで表示できることを見出した。これによって複数の匂い分子を高度に識別できる匂いセンサを得ることできた。
【0053】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の匂いセンサの模式的平面図の例
【図2】基板上の2種類の匂い感応物質の傾斜構造を示す断面図の例
【図3】実施例1の匂い物質がアセトニトリルの場合での電気抵抗変化率の二次元パターン図
【図4】実施例1の匂い物質がホルムアルデヒドの場合での電気抵抗変化率の二次元パターン図
【図5】実施例2の匂い物質がアセトニトリルの場合での電気抵抗変化率の二次元パターン図
【図6】実施例2の匂い物質がホルムアルデヒドの場合での電気抵抗変化率の二次元パターン図
【図7】実施例3の匂い物質がアセトニトリルの場合での電気抵抗変化率の二次元パターン図
【図8】実施例3の匂い物質がホルムアルデヒドの場合での電気抵抗変化率の二次元パターン図
【図9】比較例1の匂い物質がアセトニトリルの場合での電気抵抗変化率の二次元パターン図
【図10】比較例1の匂い物質がホルムアルデヒドの場合での電気抵抗変化率の二次元パターン図
【0054】
【符号の説明】
1:ガラス基板
2:櫛型電極
2a:クロム薄膜
2b:金薄膜
3:匂い感応物質
3a:匂い感応物質a
3b:匂い感応物質b[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a chemical sensor for identifying a plurality of chemical substances, for example, odorous substances, in real time.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional gas sensors include catalytic combustion gas sensors, gas electric gas sensors, solid electrolyte gas sensors, electrochemical gas sensors, semiconductor gas sensors, thermal warfare semiconductor gas sensors (for example, Toyoaki Omori, Fuji Techno System, Sensor Practical Reference) 1986) 233), field effect transistor (FET) type gas sensor (for example, I. Lundstrom, Applied, Physics, Letter, (Appl. Phys. Lett.) Vol. 26, No. 2 (1975) 55) Adsorption effect transistor (AET) type gas sensor (for example, Yoshitaka Takada et al., Sensor Technology Vol. 4, No. 13 (1984), p. 39), Schottky junction type gas sensor (for example, Shoichiro Tonomura et al., Journal of Chemical Society of Japan No. 10 (1980), p. 1585 ), Orgas Gas sensors (for example, Shin Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd., industrial stationary gas detection and alarm device general catalog), surface acoustic wave element (SAW) type gas sensors (for example, J. W. Great, et al., US Navy) Laboratory report NRL-MR-6024, Abs. No. 735528, 1987), optical fiber type gas sensor (for example, Iko Koji et al., JP-A-63-158440), fluorescence measurement type gas sensor (for example, B, L. Hauenstein et al., European Patent No. EP 259951), optical waveguide gas sensor (eg, R. R. SMARDZEWAKI et al., Talanta, Vol. 35, No. 2) (1988) p. 95), surface profile There are lasmon type gas sensors (for example, Satoshi Kawata et al., Optics, Vol. 16, No. 10 (1987) 438).
[0003]
However, these gas sensors generally detect only active low molecules, and cannot selectively detect inert high molecular weight molecules represented by odor substances.
[0004]
Recently, various methods have been studied to meet the need to detect molecules such as odorants. For example, a sensor using an electroencephalogram (respiratory synchronization stimulation method) (Mitsuo Tonoike, Research Report of Electronic Technology Research Institute, 863 (1986)), a sensor using plant tissue (Hideaki Matsuoka, Fragrance Journal, Volume 86 (1987) 37), a sensor using a metal oxide semiconductor (Fukui Kiyoshi, JP-A-2-134552), a sensor using a liposome that is a biological membrane model (T. Nomura, et al., Biotechnology) Chemistry (Biochemistry), Vol. 26 (1987), page 6141), organic semiconductor diode sensor (JE Meinhard, US Pat. No. 3,428,892 (1969)), sensor using conductive polymer (Philip ( N. Philip) et al., Sensor and Aqua Sensors that use molecular adsorption to organic materials (synthetic bilayers), organic pigments, etc. (sensors that detect the amount of adsorption with a crystal resonator or SAW device) ) (Okahata Yoshio et al., Lagmuir, 3 (1987), 1171, Kurosawa Shigeru et al., Analytical Chemistry 90, 62 (Volume 3) There is research.
[0005]
However, these sensors have a problem that there is no selectivity for each gaseous substance and the type of each substance cannot be recognized.
[0006]
In view of this, a method for providing a large number of sensor detection units and recognizing the types of gaseous substances by patterning their responses has attracted attention. This method mimics the human odor recognition mechanism (olfaction), that is, the across fiber pattern theory, and attempts to improve the ability to recognize chemical substances by patterning the response of each sensor and using data processing such as a neural network. . Depending on the type of chemical substance detection method at the sensor head, for example, 1) Change in conductivity of semiconductor due to chemical substance adsorption (for example, Kanayasu Masayoshi, IEEE Transaction Components Hybrid Manufacturing Technology, IEEE Transactions Components, Hybrids) and Manufacturing Technology), CHMT-10 (1987), p. 267; Non-Patent Document 1), 2) Adsorption of chemical substances onto a quartz crystal having a thin film coating (for example, Nakamoto Takamichi, Sensor and Actuator (Sensor) and Actuators), B1 volume (1990) 473 pages; 3) Chemical adsorption on surface acoustic wave devices (SAW) having a thin film coating (eg, Susan L. Rose-Pehrson et al., Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 60 (1988) 2801). Three methods of page; non-patent literature 3) have been reported.
[0007]
However, in any of the sensors described above, the selectivity of the sensor detection unit is poor, and the recognition ability is not so high even if patterning is performed. In particular, when a mixture is used, sufficient recognition ability cannot be obtained.
[0008]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Kanyeasu, IEEE Transactions Components, Hybrids and Manufacturing Technology, CHMT-10 (1987) 267
Nakamoto Takamichi, Sensor and Actuators, B1 (1990) 473 pages
[Non-Patent Document 3]
Susan L. Rose-Pehrson et al., Analytical Chemistry) 60 (1988) 2801
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
To provide an odor sensor capable of highly discriminating a plurality of odorant molecules.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research on the above problems, the present inventors have found that a composite film composed of two or more odor-sensitive substances is disposed in the in-plane direction of the substrate on a substrate containing a plurality of electrodes each including at least a cathode and an anode. It was found that an odor can be formed into a two-dimensional pattern by providing a component gradient structure in which the concentration of the odor sensitive substance is changed continuously or stepwise and reading the frequency change of the electrical characteristics obtained from each electrode.
[0011]
Furthermore, the inventors have found that an odor sensor with improved durability can be obtained by hybridizing an amphiphilic organic compound and a layered inorganic compound as a sensitive substance, and have completed the present invention.
[0012]
That is, the present invention relates to an odor sensor shown in the following [1] to [12] and a manufacturing method thereof.
[1] A composite film composed of two or more kinds of odor-sensitive substances on a substrate having at least one or a pair of cathode and anode electrodes, and the concentration of the odor-sensitive substance is continuously increased along the in-plane direction of the substrate. Odor sensor having a component gradient structure that is changed in a stepwise or stepwise manner.
[2] The odor sensor according to [1], wherein electrical characteristics obtained from individual electrodes on the substrate by sensing to odor molecules are displayed in a pattern on a two-dimensional coordinate plane of film type and frequency. Odor sensor.
[0013]
[3] The odor sensor according to [1] or [2], wherein the odor sensitive substance is an amphiphilic organic compound.
[4] [1] to [3], wherein at least one of the amphiphilic organic compounds is an organometallic complex composed of a bipyridyl ligand represented by the general formula (1) and a transition metal. Odor sensor.
[0014]
[Chemical formula 2]
[In the formula, R1, R2Are hydrophobic organic groups which may be the same or different, and M represents a transition metal. L1, L2Represents a ligand which may be the same or different. ]
[0015]
[5] In the general formula (1), the ligand L1And L2Are acetylacetonato, dimethylglyoxime, dimethylglyoximato (1-) ion, dimethylglyoximato (2-) ion, oxalic acid, pyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 1, 2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ion, glycinato, cyano group-containing compound, thiocyanato S coordination compound, isothiocyanato N coordination compound, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, maleo It is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of nitrile dithiolanato, nitrilotriacetanate, oxalato, 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, tris (2-aminoethyl) amine and derivatives thereof. Odor sensor according to [4], wherein the.
[0016]
[6] In the general formula (1), the transition metal M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt [4] ] Or the odor sensor according to any one of [5].
[7] R in the general formula (1)1And / or R2Is an alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an alkylaryl group, wherein the odor sensor according to any one of [4] to [6].
[8] The odor sensor according to [1] or [2], wherein the odor sensitive substance is an organic-inorganic composite composed of an amphiphilic organic compound and an inorganic compound.
[0017]
[9] The inorganic compound has a layered crystal, and an inorganic layer of a crystal cycle unit and an amphiphilic organic compound are interacted to be laminated at a molecular level to be combined [8]. The odor sensor described in 1.
[10] The inorganic compound having a layered crystal is at least one selected from layered silicate, vanadate, titanate, molybdate, niobate, tungstate, uranate, and transition metal dichalcogenide. The odor sensor according to [9], which is a seed.
[0018]
[11] The inorganic compound according to [8] to [10] is dispersed in a dispersion and further formed into a complex at the gas-liquid interface by forming a monomolecular film of amphiphilic organic molecules on the liquid surface. The manufacturing method of the odor sensor characterized by accumulating a film | membrane on a board | substrate.
[12] The method for producing an odor sensor according to [1], wherein the concentration of two or more kinds of odor sensitive substances is changed continuously or stepwise in an in-plane direction of the substrate.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
[0020]
Examples of the conductive material used for the electrode of the present invention include carbon-based materials such as graphite, pyrolytic graphite, glassy carbon, and carbon fiber, and molded articles thereof, SnO.2, In2OThree, RuO2TiO2And metal oxide materials such as ZnO, composite metal oxides, metal materials such as Pt, Au, Ni, Al, Hg, and Rh, and semiconductor materials such as Ge, Si, GaAs, GaP, InP, and InAs. . Especially SnO2, In2OThreeA composite metal oxide, a metal material such as Pt or Au is suitable.
[0021]
A substrate having at least one cathode and an anode pair of electrodes used in the present invention is not particularly limited as a form, but can be manufactured by, for example, the following procedure (FIG. 1, FIG. 1). (See FIG. 2). First, after the
[0022]
Even if the number of electrodes is one, it functions as an odor sensor. However, by installing a plurality of electrodes, two-dimensional pattern display is possible, and the types of odor substances can be distinguished. In addition to the bipolar system, if a voltage is applied from outside the electrode, the cell's ohmic potential drop may occur and the reference electrode potential may deviate from the equilibrium value. Also good.
[0023]
It is desirable that the cathode and the anode of the present invention face each other and be arranged so that the facing portion is as long as possible. Moreover, the one where the space | interval is narrow is preferable.
[0024]
The odor sensitive substance used in the present invention is not limited as long as it is a substance that changes its electrical characteristics in response to the odor. Examples of such odor sensitive substances include tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), or a derivative thereof, or an analog thereof, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), or a substituted derivative thereof, tetrathiacetracene (TTT), or a derivative thereof. Analogs, phthalocyanine compounds such as titanium phthalocyanine, vanadium phthalocyanine, lutetium diphthalocyanine and derivatives thereof, Prussian blue compounds such as Prussian blue, pentacyanocarbonyliron, ruthenium purple, osmium purple and derivatives thereof, tris (2,4 -Poly (2,4-pentanedionenate) metal complexes such as pentanedionenate ruthenium), tris (2,4-pentanedionenate osmium), porphyrinate zinc, porphyrinate iron, porphyrinate It can be used porphyrinato sulfonate metal complexes such as cobalt. Of these, phthalocyanine compounds and derivatives thereof are preferred because they are excellent in heat resistance and light resistance and can form an organic thin film by plasma polymerization or the like.
[0025]
In the present invention, it is preferable to use an amphiphilic organic compound as one of the odor sensitive substances. The amphiphilic organic compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic compound having both a hydrophobic site and a hydrophilic site. For example, primary amine compounds represented by octylamine, laurylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, acrylamine, benzylamine, aniline, dilaurylamine, ditetradecylamine, dihexaamine Secondary amine compounds represented by decylamine, distearylamine, N-methylaniline, etc., dimethyloctylamine, dimethyldecylamine, dimethyllaurylamine, dimethylmyristylamine, dimethylpalmitylamine, dimethylstearylamine, dilaurylmonomethyl Tertiary amine compounds typified by amine, tributylamine, trioctylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, etc. and their chlorides, tetrabutylammonium ion, tetrahexylammoni Ion, dihexyldimethylammonium ion, dioctyldimethylammonium ion, hexatrimethylammonium ion, octatrimethylammonium ion, dodecyltrimethylammonium ion, hexadecyltrimethylammonium ion, stearyltrimethylammonium ion, dococenyltrimethylammonium ion, cetyltrimethylammonium ion, Cetyltriethylammonium ion, hexadecylammonium ion, tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium ion, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium ion, dioleyldimethylammonium ion, N-methyldiethanollaurylammonium ion, dipropanolmonomethyllaurylammonium ion, dimethyl Roh ethanol lauryl ammonium ion, polyoxyethylene dodecyl monomethyl ammonium ions, quaternary ammoniums compound such as an alkyl aminopropyl amine quaternized are exemplified.
[0026]
Furthermore, as the odor sensitive substance, an amphiphilic organometallic complex represented by the general formula (1) is suitable.
[0027]
[Chemical Formula 3]
[In the formula, R1, R2Are hydrophobic organic groups which may be the same or different, and M represents a transition metal. L1, L2Represents a ligand which may be the same or different. ]
[0028]
R in the general formula (1)1, R2If it is an organic group which has hydrophobicity, it will not specifically limit. Specifically, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, icosanyl, henicosanyl, docosanyl, tricosanyl Alkyl groups such as tetracosanyl, pentacosanyl, hexacosanyl, heptacosanyl, octacosanyl, nonacosanyl, triacontanyl, etc .; aryl groups such as phenyl, toluyl, naphthyl; alkylaryl groups such as benzyl, phenethyl, cumyl;
Examples thereof include a group having a polymerizable site such as one or more double bonds or triple bonds in which a part of the alkyl group is dehydrogenated.
[0029]
Of these, R1And R2At least one of R1And / or R2Is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an alkylaryl group, and an alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms is particularly preferable because of excellent hydrophobicity. Moreover, as an alkyl group, a linear thing is preferable. If the number of carbon atoms is less than 6, it may be difficult to control the orientation of the molecule, and the heat resistance of the ligand may be poor, and the stability of the sensitive film may be insufficient. Further, when the number of carbon atoms exceeds 30, aggregation of complex molecules tends to occur, and similarly, heat resistance and durability may be impaired due to structural disturbance. Such disturbance of the structure not only prevents the stabilization of the electrode reaction, but also prevents the charge-transfer complex and the layered inorganic polymer layer from being uniformly hybridized, thereby sufficiently improving the durability and heat resistance. There is a risk that it will not be possible.
[0030]
Examples of the transition metal M in the general formula (1) include Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt.
[0031]
Ligand L1, L2Is not particularly limited as long as it can coordinate to the transition metal M. It may be a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand or a higher conformation number. The number of ligands shown in the general formula (1) is 2 (L1And L2), But the number of ligands includes one, and three or more. Furthermore, when the number of ligands is 2 or more, the case where one ligand is coordinated to the transition metal M in a plurality of coordinates (such as bidentate coordination) is also included.
[0032]
Ligands include acetylacetonato, dimethylglyoxime, dimethylglyoximato (1-) ion, dimethylglyoximato (2-) ion, oxalic acid, pyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-
[0033]
Examples of the organometallic complex represented by the general formula (I) include bis (2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium, bis (2,2′-bipyridyl) osmium, tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium, tris ( Bis or tris bipyridyl complexes such as 2,2′-bipyridyl) osmium, tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) iron, (4,4′-dioctadecyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)-(bisbipyridyl) ruthenium, Bis (1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium, bis (1,10-phenanthroline) osmium, tris (1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium, tris (1,10-phenanthroline) osmium, tris (1,10-phenanthroline) iron, Bis or tris such as tris (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium Suphenanthroline complex, (4,4′-dioctadecyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)-(bisphenanthroline) osmium, (4,4′-dioctadecyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)-(bisbipyridyl) ruthenium, etc. And bipyridyl-phenanthroline mixed complex.
[0034]
The inorganic compound used in the present invention has a layered structure in which unit crystal layers are stacked on each other, the bonds between the crystal layers are relatively weak, and various ions, molecules, Layered inorganic compounds that can replace the compounds are preferred. Among the layered crystals containing ions that can be exchanged between the crystal layers, the exchangeable ions are positive ions. Layered silicates represented by montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, kaolinite, vermiculite, kanemite, etc. Ti (HPOFour)Three・ NH2O, Zr (HPOFour)2・ NH2O, Na (UO2POFourNH2Phosphate represented by O, etc., general formula KVThreeO8, KThreeVO14, CaV6O16・ NH2Vanadate represented by O, etc., general formula NaTiThreeO7, H2TiFourO9・ NH2O, HxTi2-x / 4OFour・ NH2O, KTiNbOFive, Rb2MnxTi2-xOFourTitanate represented by the general formula Mg2Mo2O7, Cs2MoFiveOTen, AgMoTenO33Molybdate represented by general formula, etc., general formula KNbThreeOThree, KFourNb6O17Niobates represented by the general formula Na2WFourO13, Ag6WTenO33Tungstate represented by general formula Na2U2O7, Na2U2O7Uranates, such as TiS2, MoS2, NbSe2Transition metal dichalcogenides and the like. Examples of those having an exchangeable anion between crystal layers include hydrotalcite compounds represented by hydrotalcite, stichtite, pyroolite and the like.
[0035]
In order to exfoliate the layered inorganic compound as a single layer, there is a method in which a dispersion solvent or interlayer ions is selected, both solvates are prepared, and the layered inorganic compound is infinitely swollen.
[0036]
The odor sensitive substance in the odor sensor of the present invention is preferably laminated on the electrode on the substrate (
[0037]
Examples of the method for producing the organic-inorganic composite (the composite laminated film) used in the odor sensor of the present invention include a sputtering method, a plasma polymerization method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodget method (hereinafter referred to as LB method), an alternating lamination method, and the like. And can be produced by a combination of these methods. In the case of providing a component gradient structure in which the concentration and amount of the odor sensitive substance are changed along the in-plane direction (parallel to the substrate) of the substrate, the LB method and the alternate lamination method are effective as simple methods.
[0038]
LB method:
Langmuir has been known as a traditional method since Brodgett, and specifically, it is a method of forming a laminated film by transferring an insoluble monomolecular film at the gas-liquid interface from the liquid surface to a solid substrate. is there. As typical procedures, the vertical dipping method and the horizontal deposition method are well known. The vertical immersion method is capable of X-type accumulation in which the monomolecular film moves only when the substrate is lowered, Y-type accumulation in which the monomolecular film moves both when it is lowered and raised, and Z-type accumulation that moves only when the substrate is raised. The horizontal attachment method is suitable for X-type accumulation by attaching the substrate surface to the hydrophobic group side of the monomolecular film. In this case, after the inorganic compound is dispersed in the liquid phase, the compound can be formed by forming an amphiphilic organic molecular monomolecular film on the liquid surface. Also effective is a method in which an insoluble monomolecular film containing an intercalation compound prepared in advance by an intercalation method is formed and accumulated on a substrate.
[0039]
Alternating lamination method:
After the substrate is hydrophilized, the substrate is immersed in an aqueous solution of an ionic compound and accumulated on the substrate. By alternately immersing the substrate in a solution of a cationic compound and an anionic compound, monomolecular films of different compounds can be alternately stacked at the molecular level. Specifically, a method of alternately immersing the substrate in the inorganic compound dispersion and the amphiphilic organic molecule can be mentioned.
[0040]
As a manufacturing method of the continuous component gradient structure in the substrate in-plane direction of the above two or more kinds of odor sensitive substances, in the LB method or the alternating lamination method, the target is obtained by shifting the substrate to the immersion position in the liquid. An inclined structure can be obtained. In addition, in the sputtering method, the plasma polymerization method, and the casting method, a component gradient structure can be obtained by accumulating the first component while shifting the mask position in a plurality of coating operations and subsequently coating the second component. .
[0041]
Furthermore, the odor sensor according to the present invention has a component inclination structure in the in-plane direction of the substrate plane on the substrate including a plurality of electrodes, which has improved durability by organic-inorganic hybridization, and has a two-dimensional odor pattern. It is possible to make it possible.
[0042]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in more detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0043]
As the amphiphilic organic compound, amphiphilic compound-1: stearylamine (a reagent manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and the following organometallic complex were synthesized as follows.
Amphiphilic compound-2: 50 mg of (bisphenanthroline) osmium dichloride and 70 mg of 4,4′-dioctadecyl-2,2′-bipyridyl were refluxed in ethanol for 30 minutes in ethanol (4,4 ′ -Dioctadecyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)-(bisphenanthroline) ruthenium chloride was obtained. Amphiphilic compound-3: From (bisbipyridyl) ruthenium dichloride and 4,4′-dioctadecyl-2,2′-bipyridyl in the same manner as amphiphilic compound-2 (4,4′-dioctadecyl-2, 2'-bipyridyl)-(bisbipyridyl) osmium chloride was obtained.
[0044]
The following were used as inorganic compounds.
Inorganic compound-1: Synthetic saponite (Kunimine Industry Co., Ltd. Smecton SA) was used. It has sodium ions between the layers, and CEC (ion exchange capacity) is 90 meq / 100 g.
Inorganic compound-2: Montmorillonite (Kunimine Industry Co., Ltd. Kunipia-F), which is one of natural clay minerals, was used. It has exchangeable sodium ions between the layers, and CEC is 100 meq / 100 g.
Substrate: A substrate in which three sets of comb electrodes having the pattern shown in FIG. 1 were arranged on a 20 × 40 mm glass substrate was used. These comb-shaped electrodes are referred to as an
[0045]
<Example 1>
An LB film of an odor-sensitive substance was formed on a substrate using Langmuir Traf (manufactured by U.S.I. Co., Ltd.). That is, a chloroform solution of stearylamine, which is amphiphilic compound-1, was developed on a dispersion of inorganic compound 1 [dilute inorganic compound dispersion (concentration: 0.007 g / L)] and allowed to stand for 30 minutes to be uniform. A simple composite monolayer was prepared. While maintaining the surface pressure of this monomolecular film at 20 mN / m and 20 ° C., eight layers were accumulated by the vertical immersion method while decreasing the immersion depth by 5 mm in the longitudinal direction of the substrate. Subsequently, instead of stearylamine, a chloroform solution of amphiphilic compound-2 was developed on the dispersed water, and this time, a composite short molecule film was formed by immersing the substrate deeply in 7 layers of 5 mm each, and the component of the odor-sensitive substance was inclined. An odor sensor with structure was obtained.
[0046]
This odor sensor is inserted into a 16 Torr decompressed chamber connected to a lead wire, and an LCR tester (LCR HiTESTER) is set at frequencies of 1, 10 and 100 kHz with a blank vacuum state and electric resistance when individual odor molecules are injected. 3532-50, Hioki Electric). Assuming an equivalent circuit in which the resistance (R) and the capacitance (C) are in parallel, the apparent frequency dependence was measured. The rate of change in electrical resistance was determined by the following equation.
Rate of change: (Rp g-Rp i) / Rp i
Rp g: Resistance after odor substance injection
Rp i: Resistance in vacuum
Formaldehyde and nitromethane were used as odor substances.
[0047]
<Example 2>
The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that amphiphilic compound-1 (stearylamine) in Example 1 was changed to amphiphilic compound-3.
[0048]
<Example 3>
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the inorganic compound-1 in Example 1 was changed to the inorganic compound-2.
[0049]
<Comparative Example 1>
After accumulating four layers of the composite film of amphiphilic compound-1 and inorganic compound-1, four layers of the composite film of amphiphilic compound-2 and inorganic compound-1 were accumulated without tilting the component concentration. The same measurement as in Example 1 was performed.
[0050]
[Table 1]
[0051]
The measurement results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS. In the odor sensor having no inclined structure (Comparative Example 1), no clear change was observed in the rate of change in electrical resistance. On the other hand, in Examples 1 to 3, each odor sensor showed a unique two-dimensional pattern for two odor substances. By obtaining an electrical signal as a frequency variable from the gradient structure of an odor sensitive substance, a two-dimensional pattern specific to the odorous substance can be obtained.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
In the odor sensor of the present invention, a composite film composed of two or more kinds of odor sensitive substances is continuously or stepwise changed in the in-plane direction of the substrate on a substrate containing a plurality of electrodes each including at least a cathode and an anode. It was found that the odorous substance can be displayed in a two-dimensional pattern by providing the component gradient structure and reading the frequency change of the electrical characteristics obtained from each electrode. As a result, an odor sensor capable of highly discriminating a plurality of odor molecules was obtained.
[0053]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an example of a schematic plan view of an odor sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an example of a sectional view showing an inclined structure of two kinds of odor sensitive substances on a substrate.
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional pattern diagram of the electric resistance change rate when the odor substance of Example 1 is acetonitrile.
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional pattern diagram of the electric resistance change rate when the odor substance of Example 1 is formaldehyde.
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional pattern diagram of the electric resistance change rate when the odor substance of Example 2 is acetonitrile.
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional pattern diagram of the electric resistance change rate when the odor substance of Example 2 is formaldehyde.
FIG. 7 is a two-dimensional pattern diagram of the rate of change in electrical resistance when the odor substance of Example 3 is acetonitrile.
FIG. 8 is a two-dimensional pattern diagram of the electric resistance change rate when the odor substance of Example 3 is formaldehyde.
FIG. 9 is a two-dimensional pattern diagram of the electric resistance change rate when the odor substance of Comparative Example 1 is acetonitrile.
FIG. 10 is a two-dimensional pattern diagram of the electric resistance change rate when the odor substance of Comparative Example 1 is formaldehyde.
[0054]
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Glass substrate
2: Comb electrode
2a: Chrome thin film
2b: Gold thin film
3: Odor sensitive substance
3a: Odor sensitive substance a
3b: Odor sensitive substance b
Claims (10)
〔式中、R1、R2は同一でも異なっていてもよい、疎水性の有機基であり、Mは遷移金属を表す。L1、L2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい配位子を表す。〕The odor sensor according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of the amphiphilic organic compounds is an organometallic complex composed of a bipyridyl ligand represented by the general formula (1) and a transition metal.
[Wherein R 1 and R 2 are hydrophobic organic groups which may be the same or different, and M represents a transition metal. L 1 and L 2 represent ligands which may be the same or different. ]
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| JP4691687B2 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2011-06-01 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Organic-inorganic hybrid gas sensor material and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5332079B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2013-11-06 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Manufacturing method of spherical surface acoustic wave device |
| KR101575667B1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2015-12-08 | 코쿠리츠켄큐카이하츠호징 붓시쯔 자이료 켄큐키코 | Dielectric film, dielectric element, and process for producing the dielectric element |
| JP5522608B2 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2014-06-18 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Gas sensor using porous organic-inorganic hybrid film and method for producing the same |
| JP2013124953A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-24 | National Institute For Materials Science | Measurement result visualization apparatus using sensor array |
| US9939412B2 (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2018-04-10 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Devices, systems, and methods for detecting odorants |
| JP6976529B2 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2021-12-08 | 株式会社アロマビット | How to create basic data for odor images |
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