JP4043713B2 - Water-retaining concrete - Google Patents

Description

【００２７】
以下に，本発明者らが行った代表的な試験を参照しながら，本発明に従う保水性コンクリートの配合および性質をさらに具体的に説明する。
【００２８】
以下の試験において，使用した各材料は次のとおりである。
セメント：普通ポルトランドセメント（密度 3.16 ｇ/cm³）
細骨材 ：川砂（表乾密度 2.64 ）
粗骨材 ：川砂利（表乾密度 2.67 ）
植物繊維：綿（平均長さ３〜５ｍｍ，平均太さ１０〜３０μｍ）
【００２９】
〔強度試験と吸水試験〕
以下の普通コンクリートと本発明に従うウエットコンクリートＮo.１〜３の強度性能と吸水性能を対比して評価した。
【００３０】
１．普通コンクリート
〔仕様〕
設計基準強度 f'ck ＝300 kgf/cm²
粗骨材の最大寸法 ＝ 20 mm
スランプの範囲 ＝ 5±1.5 cm
空気量の範囲 ＝ 2±1.5 ％
水セメント比 ＝ 48 ％
〔示方配合〕
水（Ｗ） ： 155 kg/m³
セメント（Ｃ）： 322 kg/m³
細骨材（Ｓ） ： 862 kg/m³
粗骨材（Ｇ） ：1074 kg/m³
混和剤 (注1) ： 3.5 kg/m³
注1)：ポゾリスＮo.70L
【００３１】
２．ウエットコンクリートＮo.１
〔仕様〕
設計基準強度 f'ck ＝300 kgf/cm²
粗骨材の最大寸法 ＝ 20 mm
スランプの範囲 ＝ 5±1.5 cm
空気量の範囲 ＝ 5±1.5 ％
水セメント比 ＝ 64 ％
〔示方配合〕
水（Ｗ） ： 340 kg/m³
セメント（Ｃ）： 500 kg/m³
細骨材（Ｓ） ： 385 kg/m³
粗骨材（Ｇ） ： 651 kg/m³
綿 ： 40 kg/m³
【００３２】
３．ウエットコンクリートＮo.２
〔仕様〕
設計基準強度 f'ck ＝300 kgf/cm²
粗骨材の最大寸法 ＝ 20 mm
スランプの範囲 ＝ 5±1.5 cm
空気量の範囲 ＝ 5±1.5 ％
水セメント比 ＝ 65 ％
〔示方配合〕
水（Ｗ） ： 390 kg/m³
セメント（Ｃ）： 600 kg/m³
細骨材（Ｓ） ： 315 kg/m³
粗骨材（Ｇ） ： 457 kg/m³
綿 ： 50 kg/m³
【００３３】
４．ウエットコンクリートＮo.３
〔仕様〕
設計基準強度 f'ck ＝300 kgf/cm²
粗骨材の最大寸法 ＝ 20 mm
スランプの範囲 ＝ 5±1.5 cm
空気量の範囲 ＝ 5±1.5 ％
水セメント比 ＝ 61 ％
〔示方配合〕
水（Ｗ） ： 430 kg/m³
セメント（Ｃ）： 700 kg/m³
細骨材（Ｓ） ： 222 kg/m³
粗骨材（Ｇ） ： 314 kg/m³
綿 ： 60 kg/m³
【００３４】
前記の普通コンクリートとウエットコンクリートＮo.１〜３をいずれもパン型強制ミキサ（５０Ｌ）で練り混ぜ，強度試験用の供試体と，吸水試験用の供試体（φ10×20cm) を作成し, 各試験に供した。試験結果を表１および表２に示した。
【００３５】
【表１】

【００３６】
【表２】

【００３７】
表１〜２の結果から，ウッエトコンクリートＮo.１〜３は，いずれも普通コンクリートに比べて遜色のない強度特性を有していながら，吸水率については普通コンクリートの３.８６％に対して，１５.１％，２１.０％，２８.０％と４〜７倍の吸水特性を有することがわかる。
【００３８】
これらの吸水率からコンクリート中に水分が占める体積割合いを求めると，普通コンクリートの水分含有量は９.２８容積％，ウエットコンクリートＮo.３の水分含有量は３７.９６容積％となる。すなわち，普通コンクリート内に保水できる容量は約１０容積％までであるのに対しウエットコンクリートの保水容量は約４倍の４０容積％にものぼる。また，１時間当りに吸水するコンクリート中の水分の体積割合は普通コンクリートの１.８３容積％（１時間浸漬後の吸水率０.７６％）であるのに対し，ウエットコンクリートＮo.３では１５.６４容積％（１時間浸漬後の吸水率１１.５５％）である。すなわち，ウエットコンクリートの吸水速度は普通コンクリートの８倍強である。
【００３９】
このように，各ウエットコンクリートは，コンクリート中に分散した綿の繊維が水の毛細管現象を引き起こすことによって外部から吸収した水分を短時間に多量にコンクリート内部を移動させる機能，つまりコンクリート組織が植物と同じように外部から水分を内部に取込み，水分を吸い上げて，組織の隅々にまで行き渡らせる機能を有していることがわかる。
【００４０】
〔放水性試験〕
硬化後の形状が１６ｃｍ×４ｃｍ×４ｃｍである立方形状の供試体を前記の普通コンクリートとウエットコンクリートＮo.１で作製した。両者を２４℃で相対湿度６０％のもとで１０日間放置することにより乾燥状態とし（その時の水分含有率を０％とする），これを水中に２４時間間浸漬した。ついで，水中から引き上げ，２４℃で相対湿度６０％の雰囲気中に５日間放置し，重量変化を計測した。
【００４１】
両供試体の重量変化と，それから求めた水分含有率を表３に示した。また，両者の水分含有率の変化を図１に示した。
【００４２】
【表３】

【００４３】
表３および図１の結果から，普通コンクリートに比べてウエットコンクリートはいったん含有した水を放出する機能に優れていることがわかる。すなわち，外界の環境変化に追従して水を吸放出する機能が非常に良好である。このため，例えばこのウエットコンクリートを室内の壁材等に使用すると，湿度が高いときにはウエットコンクリートが吸湿し，湿度が低くなると吸湿した水分を放出する調湿建材として機能し，これによって，室内の湿度をコントロールすることができる。また，歩道等の敷設材料にこのウエットコンクリートを使用すると，ウエットコンクリート中に浸透していた水が，気温の上昇や湿度の減少した環境下や日射によって気中に大量に良好に放出され，路面を冷やすことができる。
【００４４】
〔土への吸水試験〕
前記ウエットコンクリートＮo.３で作製した高さ１０ｃｍ，平断面３０ｃｍ×３０ｃｍのパネルを水槽にたてかけ，該パネルの下部を３ｃｍの高さだけ水中に浸漬した。そして，パネルの上面に土を５ｃｍ厚みに敷きつめ（試験例１），植物の発芽状況を観察した。比較のために，同量の乾燥状態の土（比較例１）と，同量の表乾状態の土（比較例２）を，水のない容器に入れ，同じ植物の発芽状況を観察した。その結果を表４に示した。
【００４５】
【表４】

【００４６】
表４の結果から，ウエットコンクリートを介して水が土に良好に供給される結果，土は表乾状態の土よりも高い吸水率を維持でき，植物が良好に発芽することがわかる。したがって，このウエットコンクリートで水路パネルを作製すると，このパネルを通じて土壌側に水が供給される結果，土壌は湿潤状態が維持され，植物の栽培や微生物並びに小動物等の動物生育に好ましい環境が形成されることがわかる。普通コンクリートでは通常は水密性を有するので，このような効果を得ることはできない。
【００４７】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように，本発明によると，土壌と同様に自然環境になじみながら普通コンクリートと同等の強度特性を維持したウエットコンクリートが得られる。これまでのコンクリート構造物は動植物の生命に必要な水を奪い，乾いた環境を作り出しているものであって，それ自身が生命体を奪う根元となったり自然環境を破壊して築造されるケースが多く，一度失った動植物の生態系を取り戻すことは不可能に近かった。本発明によれば，従来の乾いたコンクリート構造物を湿ったコンクリート構造物にすることができ，動植物の生息環境に生命の水を与え，生態系を保持し，あるいは取り戻すこと，更に人間にとっても身近な構造物例えば歩道部分など水分の吸収・蒸発散によっての高温化防止など今までできなかっこことができるようになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 普通コンクリートと本発明のウエットコンクリートの水の吸放出性能を比較して示した図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water-retaining concrete having a water retention function similar to soil and a plant and animal growth function, and having a strength close to that of ordinary concrete, and a structure thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, cement-based concrete has been widely used as a basic material for constructing various structures. Recently, however, concrete products and structures are different from natural materials such as soil and rocks. It is said that it has a bad influence on animals and organisms, and the use of concrete has begun to be restricted in projects such as river maintenance.
[0003]
In fact, there is no plant breeding in concrete parts in revetment concrete used in rivers, harbors, coasts, etc., concrete retaining walls, concrete channels such as small rivers and agricultural water, etc. , It cannot be inhabited by organisms (small animals and microorganisms).
[0004]
Water is indispensable for the growth environment of animals and plants. However, there are many concrete structures that come into contact with water as described above, and the original function of concrete requires watertightness. Therefore, unless there is a special case, the growth environment of animals and plants is not formed inside the concrete. Absent. Special is the case where algae and moss plants grow on the concrete surface in places with high humidity such as shade that blocks direct sunlight from the sun. This is because even if moisture in the air adheres to the concrete surface, there is a condition that prevents sudden drying and always keeps the surface water.
[0005]
Since ordinary concrete structures do not have a moisture retention function even when wet with water, if the moisture is evaporated by direct sunlight, the concrete becomes dry and the surface is dried. For this reason, for example, in a concrete retaining wall block used for earth retaining, plants do not grow at all and small animals do not inhabit. In other words, it may be considered the worst ecological environment for animals and plants.
[0006]
On the other hand, cement-based concrete is also excellent in workability, safety, and economic efficiency, and it is difficult to find a material that can replace concrete in terms of structural and mechanical problems.
[0007]
Therefore, the appearance of concrete that has the water retention function similar to soil and can form the ecological environment of plants and organisms (small animals and microorganisms) is awaited while taking advantage of such properties of cement concrete.
[0008]
Conventionally, permeable concrete used to remove back pressure at the time of surfing has been known as a concrete having a water permeable function. However, this has a passage through which water flows out, and the cement matrix itself has water retention. There is no sex. For this reason, a high water retention function cannot be obtained while having compressive strength and bending strength equivalent to those of ordinary concrete.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to obtain a concrete having water retention and animal and plant growth similar to soil while having workability, safety, economic efficiency and mechanical strength like ordinary concrete.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention,
Unit cement amount (C) ≧ 400Kg / m ³ ,
Water cement ratio (W / C)> 55,
Slump value (immediately after training) ≧ 4cm,
Air volume (immediately after finishing) ≧ 4.0%,
Plant fiber with an average length of 3 mm or more ≧ 30 Kg / m ³
Compound strength ≧ 300kgf / cm ²
A water-retaining concrete that is not yet solidified by mixing with coarse and fine aggregates. When this concrete has cured, a water retention concrete with 350 kgf / cm ² or more compression strength, a 50 kgf / cm ² or more flexural strength and 10% or more of water absorption.
[0011]
Because of this high water absorption rate, the concrete structure according to the present invention becomes a plant-growing and / or biohabitable concrete structure, and when this is used for roads or laying structures, the same water retention capacity of the soil is obtained. It also has a water-evaporating function, and when used as a building material, it has a natural humidity control function (moisture absorption / desorption function). Among the plant fibers used in the concrete of the present invention, cotton is preferable, and is blended in an amount of 5% by weight or more based on cement.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0013]
Strength performance of plain concrete used for general concrete structures, 210~400kgf / cm ² approximately in compressive strength is 35~60kgf / cm ² approximately in flexural strength, for water absorption, water-cement ratio of 55% In the following, it is about 3 to 5%. Increasing the water-cement ratio usually increases the water absorption, but it causes problems such as dry cracks after the concrete is hardened. Therefore, the limit of water absorption is 5% at the maximum for ordinary concrete. For this reason, it is normal that ordinary concrete cannot form a growth environment for plants and animals as described above.
[0014]
The inventors of the present invention have made various trials in order to obtain concrete having high water retention performance that allows plants and animals to grow while maintaining strength performance equivalent to that of ordinary concrete. It has been found that when a relatively large amount of plant fiber is mixed in a concrete blended with a suitable amount and a suitable blending design is performed, high water retention performance can be satisfied at the same time while maintaining sufficient strength characteristics.
[0015]
That is, the concrete according to the present invention uses ordinary fine aggregate and coarse aggregate as the aggregate, the water-cement ratio is more than 55 to 70%, preferably more than 55 to 65%, and the slump value is preferably 4 to 10 cm. 5-7 cm, the range of air quantity 3-7% preferably under 4-6 percent the mix design, 30~70Kg / m ³ vegetable fibers during kneading, preferably 35~60Kg / m ^3, More preferably, by blending a relatively large amount of 40-50 kg / m ³ , while achieving strength properties equivalent to ordinary concrete, ie, compressive strength of 210-400 kgf / cm ² and bending strength of 35-60 kgf / cm ² ( The maximum aggregate size is 20 mm), and it has succeeded in providing a high water retention performance with a water absorption of 10% or more, preferably 15 to 30%.
[0016]
The concrete according to the present invention can be called “wet concrete” because it has excellent water retention performance. This is because, when one end of the test piece is attached to colored water, the entire test piece is colored and becomes wet with the inside and outside of the test piece, and this wet state is maintained as long as one end is in contact with water. It is thought that the water retention function is caused by capillary action through the plant fibers dispersed in the concrete. That is, the plant fibers dispersed in a network form in the hardened phase filling between the coarse aggregate and the coarse aggregate themselves have capillaries so that water can enter and exit through the entire matrix through the entire matrix. It is thought to become. Even if the water cement ratio is high, dry cracking can be prevented by increasing the amount of unit cement and by blending a relatively large amount of plant fiber, and it has the same compressive strength as ordinary concrete. It is considered that the bending strength can be maintained. As can be seen in the test examples described later, the bending strength of concrete shows a high value of about 50 kgf / cm ² and the durability is also good. In addition, by blending plant fiber with concrete, it is resistant to the tensile stress of concrete.
[0017]
Plant fibers that can be used to construct such wet concrete include seed hair fibers (typically cotton), gin skin fibers (typically Asa), stem trunk fibers (typically straw), Although leaf fiber (typically Manila Asa) or wood fiber can be mentioned, seed hair fiber, particularly “cotton” is preferable, and cotton available on the market having a fiber length of 2 to 8 mm is convenient.
[0018]
Conventionally, synthetic fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, etc. have been blended in cementitious matrices as reinforcing materials, but these are the subjects of imparting toughness to cementitious solidified materials such as cement mortar. For this reason, the fiber itself was required to have high tensile strength. Compared to these, it is common sense that using plant fibers with inferior strength is not so effective. Therefore, it has been rarely attempted to add plant fibers such as cotton to cementitious matrices. Never. Even if it is tried, the use of mortar and paste as a crack-preventing material has been stopped, and concrete having a high water absorption performance of 10% or more using plant fibers has not been devised.
[0019]
Here, the water absorption rate of the hardened concrete is the dry weight (absolute dryness) of the specimen, that is, the weight after drying, and the surface dry weight (wet) of the specimen, that is, the weight of the surface dry saturated water condition is B. Sometimes the value calculated by 100 × (B−A) / A. Therefore, if the water absorption rate is 10%, 10 parts by weight of free water (water that can enter and exit) is contained inside 100 parts by weight of the hardened concrete.
[0020]
For this reason, when a water channel is made using the panel made of the water-retaining concrete of the present invention, the water flowing through the water channel passes through the panel and into the ground on the opposite side, so that natural water is supplied to the ground and the water is sprayed. Plants can grow in this ground without performing the above. In other words, water is supplied from the waterway to the surrounding ground as well as waterways (brooks) made of natural soil materials. The same is true when the water-retaining concrete of the present invention is used for retaining walls and retaining walls, and a natural water-flowing environment similar to that of general soil is formed while maintaining the same strength as ordinary concrete.
[0021]
This is the same when the sidewalk or laying material is formed of the water-retaining concrete of the present invention. If there is precipitation, water will be absorbed into the concrete like the soil, and if there is sunshine, water will evaporate from the retained concrete and the concrete surface can be cooled by the latent heat of water evaporation. In addition, because of the rainfall in the city, water absorption and water retention of the entire sidewalk occurs as a result of laying on the sidewalk. The amount can be temporarily reduced and the time difference can be used to produce a flood prevention effect when used in combination with permeable pavement.
[0022]
In the production of water-retaining concrete according to the present invention, the unit cement amount (C) is 400 kg / m ³ or more, preferably 500 kg / m ³ or more, and the water cement ratio (W / C) is more than 55%, preferably more than 55%. 70%, amount of plant fiber with a slump value (immediately after kneading) of 4 cm or more, preferably 5 to 7 cm, air amount (immediately after kneading) of 4.0% or more, preferably 5 to 7%, average length of 3 mm or more preferably in the range of 40~70kg / m ³ but 30 Kg / m ³ or more, as a blending strength 300 kgf / cm ² or more, may be you mixed kneaded in a mixer with plain concrete and likewise coarse aggregate and fine aggregate.
[0023]
That is, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Unit cement amount (C) ≧ 500Kg / m ³
Water cement ratio (W / C)> 60%,
Slump value (immediately after training) ≧ 5cm,
Air volume (immediately after finishing) ≧ 5.0%,
Plant fiber with an average length of 3 mm or more ≧ 40 Kg / m ³
Compound strength ≧ 300kgf / cm ²
With this composition, a water-retaining cleat that has not yet hardened and is kneaded with coarse and fine aggregates is obtained. When this concrete hardens, cotton was used as the plant fiber, as shown in the test examples below. In this case, it can have a compressive strength of 350 Kg / m ³ or more and a bending strength of 45 Kg / m ³ or more equivalent to those of ordinary concrete while having a water absorption of 15% or more.
[0024]
An example of how to show typical concrete of the present invention is as follows:
Design standard strength f'ck = 300kgf / cm ²
Coarse aggregate maximum dimension = 20 mm
Slump range = 5 ± 1.5cm
Air volume range = 5 ± 1.5%
Water cement ratio = 64%
Is mentioned.
[0025]
The wet concrete of the present invention having such performance is suitable as a material for constructing a concrete structure without destroying the ecosystem of animals and plants for the purpose of protecting the natural environment. In other words, it is possible to recall the ecosystems of animals and plants by using a wet concrete structure, or by using wet concrete with an existing structure made of ordinary concrete. The indicator that wet concrete can maintain the ecosystem is related to the water absorption rate of the concrete, but the water absorption rate can be changed depending on the amount of plant fiber used in the surrounding environment. As a structure, soil or plant seeds can be applied directly to wet concrete to germinate, or can be applied to foundation concrete for planting soil as seen in the water absorption test described below.
[0026]
In wet concrete mix design, there is a correlation between the water absorption rate of concrete and the amount of plant fiber such as cotton.For example, the water absorption rate can be set according to the following indicators and the amount of cotton fiber to be matched can be determined. .

[0027]
Hereinafter, the composition and properties of the water-retaining concrete according to the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to representative tests conducted by the present inventors.
[0028]
In the following tests, the materials used are as follows.
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement (density 3.16 g / cm ³ )
Fine aggregate: river sand (surface dry density 2.64)
Coarse aggregate: River gravel (surface dry density 2.67)
Plant fiber: Cotton (average length 3-5 mm, average thickness 10-30 μm)
[0029]
[Strength test and water absorption test]
The strength performance and water absorption performance of the following ordinary concrete and wet concrete No. 1 to 3 according to the present invention were compared and evaluated.
[0030]
1. Normal concrete [specifications]
Design standard strength f'ck = 300 kgf / cm ²
Coarse aggregate maximum dimension = 20 mm
Slump range = 5 ± 1.5 cm
Air volume range = 2 ± 1.5%
Water cement ratio = 48%
[Indication combination]
Water (W): 155 kg / m ³
Cement (C): 322 kg / m ³
Fine aggregate (S): 862 kg / m ³
Coarse aggregate (G): 1074 kg / m ³
Admixture (Note 1): 3.5 kg / m ³
Note 1): Pozzolith No.70L
[0031]
2. Wet concrete No.1
〔specification〕
Design standard strength f'ck = 300 kgf / cm ²
Coarse aggregate maximum dimension = 20 mm
Slump range = 5 ± 1.5 cm
Air volume range = 5 ± 1.5%
Water cement ratio = 64%
[Indication combination]
Water (W): 340 kg / m ³
Cement (C): 500 kg / m ³
Fine aggregate (S): 385 kg / m ³
Coarse aggregate (G): 651 kg / m ³
Cotton: 40 kg / m ³
[0032]
3. Wet concrete No.2
〔specification〕
Design standard strength f'ck = 300 kgf / cm ²
Coarse aggregate maximum dimension = 20 mm
Slump range = 5 ± 1.5 cm
Air volume range = 5 ± 1.5%
Water cement ratio = 65%
[Indication combination]
Water (W): 390 kg / m ³
Cement (C): 600 kg / m ³
Fine aggregate (S): 315 kg / m ³
Coarse aggregate (G): 457 kg / m ³
Cotton: 50 kg / m ³
[0033]
4). Wet concrete No.3
〔specification〕
Design standard strength f'ck = 300 kgf / cm ²
Coarse aggregate maximum dimension = 20 mm
Slump range = 5 ± 1.5 cm
Air volume range = 5 ± 1.5%
Water cement ratio = 61%
[Indication combination]
Water (W): 430 kg / m ³
Cement (C): 700 kg / m ³
Fine aggregate (S): 222 kg / m ³
Coarse aggregate (G): 314 kg / m ³
Cotton: 60 kg / m ³
[0034]
The above-mentioned ordinary concrete and wet concrete No. 1 to 3 are kneaded with a pan-type forced mixer (50 L) to prepare a test specimen for strength test and a test specimen for water absorption test (φ10 × 20 cm). It used for the test. The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0035]
[Table 1]

[0036]
[Table 2]

[0037]
From the results in Tables 1 and 2, Ueto Concrete No. 1-3 has strength characteristics comparable to those of ordinary concrete, but the water absorption is 3.86% of ordinary concrete. , 15.1%, 21.0%, 28.0% and 4 to 7 times the water absorption characteristics.
[0038]
When the volume ratio of moisture in the concrete is determined from these water absorption rates, the moisture content of ordinary concrete is 9.28% by volume, and the moisture content of wet concrete No. 3 is 37.96% by volume. In other words, the capacity of retaining water in ordinary concrete is up to about 10% by volume, whereas the capacity of wet concrete is about four times 40% by volume. In addition, the volume ratio of water in the concrete that absorbs water per hour is 1.83% by volume of ordinary concrete (the water absorption rate after immersion for 1 hour is 0.76%), while that of wet concrete No. 3 is 15%. 0.64% by volume (water absorption rate after immersion for 1 hour is 11.55%). In other words, the water absorption speed of wet concrete is slightly more than 8 times that of ordinary concrete.
[0039]
In this way, each wet concrete has a function to move a large amount of moisture absorbed from the outside in a short time because the cotton fibers dispersed in the concrete cause a capillary phenomenon of water, that is, the concrete structure has a plant and Similarly, it can be seen that it has a function of taking moisture from the outside into the inside, sucking up the moisture, and spreading it to every corner of the tissue.
[0040]
[Water release test]
A cubic specimen having a cured shape of 16 cm × 4 cm × 4 cm was produced from the above-mentioned ordinary concrete and wet concrete No. 1. Both were left to dry for 10 days at 24 ° C. and 60% relative humidity (the water content at that time was 0%) and immersed in water for 24 hours. Subsequently, it was pulled out of water and left in an atmosphere of 60% relative humidity at 24 ° C. for 5 days, and the change in weight was measured.
[0041]
Table 3 shows the weight change of both specimens and the water content determined from them. Moreover, the change of the moisture content of both was shown in FIG.
[0042]
[Table 3]

[0043]
From the results in Table 3 and FIG. 1, it can be seen that wet concrete is superior in function to discharge water once contained compared to ordinary concrete. In other words, it has a very good function of absorbing and releasing water following environmental changes in the outside world. For this reason, for example, when this wet concrete is used for indoor wall materials, the wet concrete absorbs moisture when the humidity is high, and functions as a humidity control building material that releases the absorbed moisture when the humidity is low. Can be controlled. In addition, when this wet concrete is used for laying materials such as sidewalks, the water that has penetrated into the wet concrete is released well in large quantities into the air in an environment where the temperature rises or humidity decreases, or by solar radiation, and the road surface. Can be cooled.
[0044]
[Water absorption test for soil]
A panel made of the wet concrete No. 3 and having a height of 10 cm and a flat cross section of 30 cm × 30 cm was put on a water tank, and the lower part of the panel was immersed in water by a height of 3 cm. Then, soil was spread on the upper surface of the panel to a thickness of 5 cm (Test Example 1), and the germination status of the plants was observed. For comparison, the same amount of dry soil (Comparative Example 1) and the same amount of surface dry soil (Comparative Example 2) were placed in a water-free container and the germination of the same plant was observed. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0045]
[Table 4]

[0046]
From the results in Table 4, it can be seen that as a result of the water being supplied to the soil well through the wet concrete, the soil can maintain a higher water absorption rate than the soil in the dry state, and the plants germinate well. Therefore, when a canal panel is made of this wet concrete, water is supplied to the soil side through this panel. As a result, the soil is maintained in a moist state, and a favorable environment is formed for plant cultivation and growth of animals such as microorganisms and small animals. I understand that Since ordinary concrete usually has water tightness, such an effect cannot be obtained.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, wet concrete can be obtained which is compatible with the natural environment as well as soil and maintains strength properties equivalent to those of ordinary concrete. Conventional concrete structures have been deprived of the water necessary for the life of animals and plants, creating a dry environment, and have been built by themselves as the roots of depriving life forms or destroying the natural environment. It was almost impossible to recover the ecosystem of animals and plants once lost. According to the present invention, a conventional dry concrete structure can be made into a wet concrete structure, providing water for life to the habitat of animals and plants, maintaining or restoring ecosystems, and also for human beings. You will be able to do things that you couldn't do before, such as the absorption of moisture and prevention of high temperatures due to evapotranspiration.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a comparison of water absorption / release performance between plain concrete and wet concrete of the present invention.

Claims (8)

Unit cement amount (C) ≧ 400Kg / m ³
Water-cement ratio (W / C)> 55%,
Slump value (immediately after training) ≧ 4cm,
Air volume (immediately after finishing) ≧ 4.0%,
Plant fiber with an average length of 3 mm or more ≧ 30 Kg / m ³
Compound strength ≧ 300kgf / cm ²
A water-retaining concrete that is not yet solidified by mixing with coarse and fine aggregates. Unit cement amount (C) ≧ 500Kg / m ³
Water cement ratio (W / C)> 60%,
Slump value (immediately after training) ≧ 5cm,
Air volume (immediately after finishing) ≧ 5.0%,
Plant fiber ≧ 40Kg / m ³
Compound strength ≧ 300kgf / cm ²
A water-retaining concrete that is not yet solidified by mixing with coarse and fine aggregates. 3 50 kgf / cm ² or more compression strength, 50 kgf / cm ² or more flexural strength and water retention concrete according to claim 1 or 2 having 10% or more of water absorption. Fine aggregate and Sohone be blended average length of 3mm or more vegetable fibers 30 Kg / ^{m 3} or more with materials, 350 kgf / cm ² or more compression strength, 50 kgf / cm ² or more flexural strength and 10% by weight of the water A plant-growing concrete structure formed of water-retaining concrete with a high rate. Fine aggregate and Sohone be blended average length of 3mm or more vegetable fibers 30 Kg / m ³ or more with materials, 350 kgf / cm ² or more compression strength, 50 kgf / cm ² or more flexural strength and 10% by weight of the water Biohabitable concrete structure formed of water-retaining concrete with a high rate. Fine aggregate and Sohone be blended average length of 3mm or more vegetable fibers 30 Kg / m ³ or more with materials, 350 kgf / cm ² or more compression strength, 50 kgf / cm ² or more flexural strength and 10% by weight of the water Water-retaining road or laying structure made of water-retaining concrete with a high rate. Fine aggregate and Sohone be blended average length of 3mm or more vegetable fibers 30 Kg / m ³ or more with materials, 350 kgf / cm ² or more compression strength, 50 kgf / cm ² or more flexural strength and 10% by weight of the water Humidity control building material made of water-retaining concrete with high rate.   The water-retaining concrete according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the plant fiber is cotton.

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