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JP4044693B2 - Dry friction material - Google Patents
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JP4044693B2 - Dry friction material - Google Patents

Dry friction material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4044693B2
JP4044693B2 JP06310099A JP6310099A JP4044693B2 JP 4044693 B2 JP4044693 B2 JP 4044693B2 JP 06310099 A JP06310099 A JP 06310099A JP 6310099 A JP6310099 A JP 6310099A JP 4044693 B2 JP4044693 B2 JP 4044693B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
friction material
porous carbon
friction
range
resin
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JP06310099A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000256652A (en
Inventor
雅之 長島
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Akebono Brake Industry Co Ltd
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Akebono Brake Industry Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車、産業機械等のクラッチフェーシングやブレーキ等に使用される乾式摩擦材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
乾式摩擦材である自動車のクラッチフェーシングは、ガラス繊維等を基材として、この基材にフェノール系樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂、ゴム材などを付着させ、次いでこれを予備成形し、これを金型で加熱加圧して製造される。
【0003】
バインダとしてフェノール樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂を用いることにより、耐熱性や高強度が得られ高温時の強度や高回転継合時の耐摩耗性が向上する。しかし樹脂では基材への含浸時の粘度が低いことから摩擦調整材などを配合しにくく、高回転継合時の摩擦係数(μ)が小さくなる場合がある。一方、ゴムをバインダとすれば、粘度が高く摩擦調整材などを容易に配合することができるという利点があるが、高温時の強度や高回転継合時の耐摩耗性が低いという問題が生じる場合もある。
【0004】
従って、従来のクラッチフェーシングでは、バインダに樹脂とゴムとを併用することで両者を補い合っていた。しかし、こうして成形されたクラッチフェーシングは、高回転、高温で使用されると、熱劣化による母材強度の低下から摩耗が大幅に増加して、摩擦係数(μ)が低下してしまうこともあるため、高速車両(スポーツカー等)へ使用する条件等が制限されるという問題があった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、高回転、高温の条件下においても、耐摩耗性が良く、高摩擦係数(μ)を維持できる乾式摩擦材を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、摩擦材に多孔性炭素材料を配合すると、高回転、高温域条件下における耐摩耗性を向上させられることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、基材、樹脂、およびゴム材を主成分とする乾式摩擦材において、多孔性炭素材料を含有することを特徴とする乾式摩擦材である。
また、本発明は、多孔性炭素材料の含有量が摩擦材全量に対して、1〜30重量%である前記乾式摩擦材である。
【0008】
更に、本発明は、多孔性炭素材料が硬質多孔性炭素材料である前記乾式摩擦材である。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明の摩擦材は、基材、樹脂、およびゴム材を主成分とする乾式摩擦材において、多孔性炭素材料を含有することを特徴とする乾式摩擦材である。まずはじめに、本発明の乾式摩擦材が含有する多孔性炭材料について説明する。
【0010】
本発明で用いられる多孔性炭素材料は、炭素を含有する、多孔性の材料をいう。
本発明の多孔性炭素は炭素のみから構成されていても良いし、炭素を主成分として炭素以外の物質を含んでいても良い。ここで、炭素の含有量は、1〜30重量%の範囲であるのが好ましい。
【0011】
多孔性とは、固体の内部又は表面に多数の小さな空隙をもつ状態をいう。多孔性炭素材料の気孔率は、継合時に発生した気体の流動をスムーズにするという点と摩擦材の強度を維持するという点を考慮すると、15〜50%の範囲であるのが好ましく、15〜30%の範囲であるのが更に好ましい。ここで、気孔率とは、多孔性炭素材料の全容積に対する気孔(空隙)の容積の百分率をいう。
【0012】
また、本発明の多孔性炭素材料は、硬質多孔性炭素であることが好ましい。
ここで、硬質とは、炭素材料の強度が高いことをいい、ビッカース硬度が平均で100Hv以上かまたは圧縮強度が10MPa以上のものをいう。圧縮強度は摩擦材の耐摩耗性等と摩擦材の相手材料の摩耗性等を考慮すると、40〜100MPaの範囲、また、ビッカース硬度は200〜2000Hvの範囲であることが好ましい。
【0013】
また、多孔性炭素材料の粒径が、好ましくは、60〜320メッシュの範囲、より好ましくは、60〜200メッシュの範囲の粒度分布を有するものが用いられる。
【0014】
具体的には、
密度:1.25(g/cm3)、
ビッカース硬度:200〜2000Hv(平均400Hv)、
圧縮強度:40〜100MPa(平均75MPa)、
ヤング率 3000Mpa、
気孔率が15〜50%、
の硬質多孔性炭素が例示できる。
【0015】
このような硬質多孔性炭素は、有機系樹脂を含んだ炭素原料を窒素雰囲気中で300〜500℃で炭化焼成後、ガラス化させることにより製造できる(特開平10−101453号公報)。
【0016】
本発明の摩擦材における多孔性炭素材料の含有量は、耐摩耗性の点から、摩擦材全量に対して、1〜30重量%の範囲であるのが好ましく、バースト強度と高摩擦係数(μ)を維持するという点も考慮すると、1〜10重量%の範囲が更に好ましい。
【0017】
多孔性炭素材料は窒素ガス中で、300〜1100℃域にて焼成されるので、耐熱性が高く分解されにくいため、多孔性炭素材料を含む摩擦材は高温条件においても強度を保持することができると考えられる。また、炭素材料であるため潤滑効果が高く、多孔性炭素材料を含む摩擦材は高回転、高温域においても耐摩耗性に優れると考えられる。従って、耐熱性があり、潤滑効果が高い多孔性炭素材料を摩擦材に配合することで、摩擦材の強度を保持でき、耐摩耗性等の耐久性を良くすることができると考えられる。
【0018】
また、本発明の摩擦材に用いる基材としては、ガラスロービング、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、ロックウールなどの無機繊維、銅線、真鍮線等の金属繊維、芳香族ポリアミド繊維、レーヨン、アクリロニトリル繊維などの有機繊維から種々選択して用いることができる。基材の形状はヤーン状、ロービング状、フェルト状、リボン状または紐状などのいずれでもよく、上記繊維の長繊維または短繊維から形成されたものを用いることができる。これらの基材は、1又は2種以上組み合わせて使用することができる。基材の強度の点からは、2種以上の基材を組みあわせて使用するのが好ましく、ガラス繊維等に、銅線、真鍮線等の金属繊維を併用して使用するのが更に好ましい。そして、基材の含有量は、摩擦材全量に対して、20〜50重量%の範囲であるのが好ましく、25〜40重量%の範囲が更に好ましい。また、摩擦材の強度を高めるという点から銅等の金属線の含有量は、摩擦材全量に対して1〜10重量%の範囲であるのが好ましい。
【0019】
また、本発明の摩擦材に用いる樹脂としては、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、フタレート樹脂、各種変成フェノール樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂等を利用できる。このうち、好ましくは各種の変成フェノール樹脂が用いられる。これらの樹脂は、1又は2種以上組み合わせて使用することができる。そして、樹脂の含有量は、摩擦材全量に対して、5〜30重量%の範囲であるのが好ましく、5〜15重量%の範囲が更に好ましい。
【0020】
更に、本発明の摩擦材に用いるゴム材としては、ブタジエンゴム(BR)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエンゴム(NBR)等の各種の合成ゴム及び天然ゴムが用いられる。これらのゴムは1又は2種以上組み合わせて使用することができる。ゴム材はこれらのゴムを単独で使用してもよいし、加硫剤・加硫促進剤を併用してもよい。加硫剤としては、硫黄、酸化亜鉛、酸化マグネシウム、過酸化物、ジニトロベンゼンなどが例示できる。また、加硫促進剤としては、チアゾール系促進剤、ポリアミン系促進剤などが例示できる。そして、ゴムの含有量は、所定の摩擦係数を維持しクラッチフェーシングとして機能させるため、摩擦材全量に対して、5〜40重量%の範囲であるのが好ましく、7〜20重量%の範囲が更に好ましい。また、ゴムの強度等を高めるため、加硫剤・加硫促進剤含有量は、摩擦材全量に対して1〜20重量%の範囲であるのが好ましい。
【0021】
本発明の摩擦材には、任意添加材として、クレー、タルク、グラファイト、カシューダスト、硫酸バリウムなどの摩擦調整材を配合することもできる。摩擦調整材を加える場合、摩擦調整材を1又は2種以上組み合わせて使用することができる。その含有量は、摩擦材全量に対して、0〜60重量%の範囲であるのが好ましい。また、カシューダスト等のレジンダストの含有量は、ノイズ性を改善する点から、0〜40重量%程度であるのが好ましく、硫酸バリウムなどの含有量は、機械的強度を改良する点から、0〜20重量%程度であるのが好ましい。
【0022】
<摩擦材の製造方法>
上記で述べた多孔性炭素材料、基材、樹脂及びゴム材、必要に応じて摩擦調整材を均一に撹拌・混合して得られる配合組成物を、タブレット状等に予備成形した後、これを、金型等に入れて加圧加熱成形し、所定の厚さおよび密度の成形品を得る。次にこの成形品を熱処理し、更に形状加工等の仕上げを行って本発明の摩擦材を得る。
【0023】
【実施例1〜5及び比較例1】
以下に、本発明を実施例により更に具体的に説明する。
表1の配合組成からなる摩擦材材料を均一に混合した後、所定の条件にて熱成形とアフターキュアを行い摩擦材を製造した。具体的には、外径236mm×内径150mm×厚さ3.5mmのドーナツ形のクラッチフェーシングを製造した。また、比較例として、多孔性炭素材料以外は上記と同じ組成を有する摩擦材材料を用いて、同様に摩擦材を製造した。尚、ここで用いた硬質多孔性炭素は、油を抽出した脱脂糠にフェノール樹脂を添加して混合したものを原料とし、ガス抜きをしながら加熱、加圧成形し、次に、この成形品を焼却炉内で窒素ガスを流しながら室温を250℃〜500℃まで徐々に上昇させた後、500℃に維持して2時間炭化焼成させ、その後、徐々に温度を下げてガラス化させたものである。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0004044693
<摩擦材の評価>
次いで、このように作製した実施例1〜5の摩擦材と、比較例1の摩擦材について、その摩擦特性と耐摩耗性に関する評価実験を行った。即ち、それぞれのクラッチフェーシングについて、下記の表2に示す条件で、高速回転継合させた後摩擦係数(μ)及び200℃域におけるバースト強度を測定した。また、この試験終了後の摩擦材の厚さを測定し、予め計測した初期の値から差引いて、その摩耗量を求めた。更に、摩擦材の相手材の摩耗量は、試験終了後の粗さを測定し、予め計測した初期の値から差引いて摩耗量を求めた。結果を表3に示す。
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0004044693
<試験結果>
【0026】
【表3】
Figure 0004044693
*1:2000回の継合を繰り返した時のμの最小値
*2:継合を200回行なった後以降のμの平均値
*3:200℃域で回転率を上昇させ、摩擦材がバーストしたときの回転数
【0027】
摩擦材全量に対して、1〜30重量%の範囲で多孔性炭素材料を使用した摩擦材は、従来品である比較例に比べ、摩耗量が約1/2〜1/3に低減し、耐摩耗性が著しく向上した。特に、多孔性炭素材料を1〜10重量%の範囲で使用した摩擦材は、バースト強度を維持しつつ、比較例1に示す従来の摩擦材に比べて、高温、高回転で使用する間及び使用後の摩擦係数(μ)(安定μと最低μの両方)が向上し、また、耐摩耗性が著しく向上した。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、多孔性炭素材料を摩擦材に配合することで、高回転、高温の条件においても耐摩耗性に優れ、高摩擦係数(μ)を維持できる摩擦材を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dry friction material used for clutch facings and brakes of automobiles, industrial machines and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Automobile clutch facing, which is a dry friction material, uses glass fiber as a base material, and attaches thermosetting resin such as phenolic resin, rubber material, etc. to this base material, then preforms it, Manufactured by heating and pressing with a mold.
[0003]
By using a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin as a binder, heat resistance and high strength can be obtained, and strength at high temperatures and wear resistance at high rotation joining are improved. However, since the resin has a low viscosity when impregnated into the base material, it is difficult to mix a friction modifier and the like, and the friction coefficient (μ) at the time of high rotation joining may be small. On the other hand, if rubber is used as a binder, there is an advantage that the viscosity is high and a friction modifier can be easily blended, but there is a problem that the strength at high temperature and the wear resistance at the time of high rotation joining are low. In some cases.
[0004]
Therefore, in the conventional clutch facing, the resin and rubber are used together in the binder to compensate for both. However, when the clutch facing formed in this way is used at high speed and high temperature, wear may be greatly increased due to a decrease in strength of the base material due to thermal degradation, and the friction coefficient (μ) may be decreased. For this reason, there has been a problem that conditions for use on high-speed vehicles (sports cars, etc.) are limited.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a dry friction material that has good wear resistance and can maintain a high friction coefficient (μ) even under conditions of high rotation and high temperature.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that when a porous carbon material is blended with the friction material, the wear resistance under high rotation and high temperature conditions can be improved. It came to complete.
[0007]
That is, the present invention is a dry friction material comprising a porous carbon material in a dry friction material mainly composed of a base material, a resin, and a rubber material.
Moreover, this invention is the said dry friction material whose content of a porous carbon material is 1 to 30 weight% with respect to friction material whole quantity.
[0008]
Furthermore, the present invention is the dry friction material, wherein the porous carbon material is a hard porous carbon material.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The friction material of the present invention is a dry friction material containing a porous carbon material in a dry friction material mainly composed of a base material, a resin, and a rubber material. First, the porous carbon material contained in the dry friction material of the present invention will be described.
[0010]
The porous carbon material used in the present invention refers to a porous material containing carbon.
The porous carbon of the present invention may be composed only of carbon, or may contain a substance other than carbon containing carbon as a main component. Here, the carbon content is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by weight.
[0011]
The porosity means a state having a large number of small voids inside or on the surface of a solid. The porosity of the porous carbon material is preferably in the range of 15 to 50% in consideration of smoothing the flow of the gas generated during the joining and maintaining the strength of the friction material. More preferably, it is in the range of -30%. Here, the porosity means the percentage of the volume of the pores (voids) with respect to the total volume of the porous carbon material.
[0012]
The porous carbon material of the present invention is preferably hard porous carbon.
Here, the hard means that the strength of the carbon material is high, and means that the Vickers hardness is 100 Hv or more on average or the compressive strength is 10 MPa or more. The compressive strength is preferably in the range of 40 to 100 MPa, and the Vickers hardness is preferably in the range of 200 to 2000 Hv, considering the wear resistance of the friction material and the wear of the counterpart material of the friction material.
[0013]
Moreover, the particle size of the porous carbon material is preferably in the range of 60 to 320 mesh, more preferably in the range of 60 to 200 mesh.
[0014]
In particular,
Density: 1.25 (g / cm 3 )
Vickers hardness: 200 to 2000 Hv (average 400 Hv),
Compressive strength: 40-100 MPa (average 75 MPa),
Young's modulus 3000Mpa,
Porosity of 15-50%,
The hard porous carbon can be illustrated.
[0015]
Such hard porous carbon can be produced by carbonizing and firing a carbon raw material containing an organic resin at 300 to 500 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-101453).
[0016]
The content of the porous carbon material in the friction material of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by weight with respect to the total amount of the friction material from the viewpoint of wear resistance, and the burst strength and high friction coefficient (μ In the range of 1 to 10% by weight.
[0017]
Since the porous carbon material is baked in the range of 300 to 1100 ° C. in nitrogen gas, it has high heat resistance and is not easily decomposed. Therefore, the friction material containing the porous carbon material can maintain strength even under high temperature conditions. It is considered possible. Further, since it is a carbon material, it has a high lubricating effect, and a friction material containing a porous carbon material is considered to be excellent in wear resistance even at high speeds and high temperatures. Therefore, it is considered that the strength of the friction material can be maintained and the durability such as wear resistance can be improved by blending the friction material with a porous carbon material having heat resistance and high lubricating effect.
[0018]
Moreover, as a base material used for the friction material of the present invention, inorganic fibers such as glass roving, glass fiber, carbon fiber and rock wool, metal fibers such as copper wire and brass wire, aromatic polyamide fiber, rayon, acrylonitrile fiber and the like Various organic fibers can be selected and used. The shape of the substrate may be any of a yarn shape, a roving shape, a felt shape, a ribbon shape, a string shape, and the like, and those formed from the long fibers or the short fibers of the fibers can be used. These substrates can be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of the strength of the substrate, it is preferable to use a combination of two or more types of substrates, and it is more preferable to use a glass fiber or the like in combination with a metal fiber such as a copper wire or a brass wire. The content of the base material is preferably in the range of 20 to 50% by weight, more preferably in the range of 25 to 40% by weight with respect to the total amount of the friction material. Moreover, it is preferable that content of metal wires, such as copper, is the range of 1-10 weight% with respect to the friction material whole quantity from the point of raising the intensity | strength of a friction material.
[0019]
Moreover, as resin used for the friction material of this invention, thermosetting resins, such as a phenol resin, a melamine resin, a phthalate resin, various modified phenol resins, etc. can be utilized. Of these, various modified phenolic resins are preferably used. These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The resin content is preferably in the range of 5 to 30% by weight and more preferably in the range of 5 to 15% by weight with respect to the total amount of the friction material.
[0020]
Furthermore, as the rubber material used for the friction material of the present invention, various synthetic rubbers such as butadiene rubber (BR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and natural rubber are used. These rubbers can be used alone or in combination. As the rubber material, these rubbers may be used alone, or a vulcanizing agent and a vulcanization accelerator may be used in combination. Examples of the vulcanizing agent include sulfur, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, peroxide, dinitrobenzene and the like. Examples of the vulcanization accelerator include thiazole accelerators and polyamine accelerators. The rubber content is preferably in the range of 5 to 40% by weight and in the range of 7 to 20% by weight with respect to the total amount of the friction material in order to maintain a predetermined coefficient of friction and function as clutch facing. Further preferred. In order to increase the strength of the rubber and the like, the vulcanizing agent / vulcanization accelerator content is preferably in the range of 1 to 20% by weight with respect to the total amount of the friction material.
[0021]
In the friction material of the present invention, a friction adjusting material such as clay, talc, graphite, cashew dust, and barium sulfate can be blended as an optional additive. When adding a friction modifier, one or more friction modifiers can be used in combination. The content thereof is preferably in the range of 0 to 60% by weight with respect to the total amount of the friction material. Further, the content of resin dust such as cashew dust is preferably about 0 to 40% by weight from the point of improving noise properties, and the content of barium sulfate and the like is from the point of improving mechanical strength, It is preferably about 0 to 20% by weight.
[0022]
<Friction material manufacturing method>
After pre-molding the compounded composition obtained by uniformly stirring and mixing the porous carbon material, base material, resin and rubber material, if necessary, the friction modifier as described above into a tablet shape, etc. Then, it is put into a mold or the like and subjected to pressure and heat molding to obtain a molded product having a predetermined thickness and density. Next, this molded product is heat-treated and further subjected to finishing such as shape processing to obtain the friction material of the present invention.
[0023]
Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
After the friction material composed of the composition shown in Table 1 was uniformly mixed, the friction material was manufactured by thermoforming and after-curing under predetermined conditions. Specifically, a donut-shaped clutch facing having an outer diameter of 236 mm, an inner diameter of 150 mm, and a thickness of 3.5 mm was manufactured. Further, as a comparative example, a friction material was similarly manufactured using a friction material having the same composition as described above except for the porous carbon material. The hard porous carbon used here is made by adding a phenolic resin to a defatted soot extracted from oil and mixing it, then heating and press-molding while degassing, then this molded product The room temperature was gradually raised from 250 ° C to 500 ° C while flowing nitrogen gas in an incinerator, then maintained at 500 ° C and carbonized and fired for 2 hours, and then the temperature was gradually lowered and vitrified. It is.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004044693
<Evaluation of friction material>
Next, evaluation experiments on the friction characteristics and wear resistance of the friction materials of Examples 1 to 5 and the friction material of Comparative Example 1 manufactured in this manner were performed. That is, for each clutch facing, under the conditions shown in Table 2 below, the friction coefficient (μ) and the burst strength in a 200 ° C. region were measured after high-speed rotation joining. Further, the thickness of the friction material after this test was measured and subtracted from the initial value measured in advance to determine the amount of wear. Furthermore, the wear amount of the counterpart material of the friction material was determined by measuring the roughness after the test was completed and subtracting it from the initial value measured in advance. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004044693
<Test results>
[0026]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004044693
* 1: The minimum value of μ when 2000 times of joining is repeated * 2: Average value of μ after 200 times of joining * 3: The rotation rate is increased in the 200 ° C. region, and the friction material Rotation speed when bursting [0027]
The friction material using the porous carbon material in the range of 1 to 30% by weight with respect to the total amount of the friction material reduces the wear amount to about 1/2 to 1/3 compared to the comparative example which is a conventional product, Abrasion resistance was remarkably improved. In particular, the friction material using the porous carbon material in the range of 1 to 10% by weight maintains the burst strength, while compared with the conventional friction material shown in Comparative Example 1, while being used at high temperature and high rotation, and The coefficient of friction (μ) after use (both stable μ and minimum μ) was improved, and the wear resistance was remarkably improved.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention can provide a friction material that is excellent in wear resistance and maintains a high coefficient of friction (μ) even under conditions of high rotation and high temperature by blending a porous carbon material with the friction material.

Claims (2)

基材、樹脂、およびゴム材を主成分とする乾式摩擦材において、多孔性炭素材料を含有し、該多孔性炭素材料は、油を抽出した脱脂糠とフェノール樹脂との混合物を窒素雰囲気中で300〜500℃で炭化焼成後、ガラス化させたものであることを特徴とする乾式摩擦材。A dry friction material mainly composed of a base material, a resin, and a rubber material contains a porous carbon material, and the porous carbon material is a mixture of defatted soot and phenol resin extracted from oil in a nitrogen atmosphere. A dry friction material characterized by vitrification after carbonization firing at 300 to 500 ° C. 多孔性炭素材料の含有量が摩擦材全量に対して1〜30重量%である請求項1記載の乾式摩擦材。  The dry friction material according to claim 1, wherein the content of the porous carbon material is 1 to 30 wt% with respect to the total amount of the friction material.
JP06310099A 1999-03-10 1999-03-10 Dry friction material Expired - Lifetime JP4044693B2 (en)

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JP3403153B2 (en) 2000-07-18 2003-05-06 ジューキ株式会社 Composition for sliding member and sliding member
JP4040552B2 (en) 2003-07-18 2008-01-30 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 Friction material
JP2006170298A (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-29 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Clutch facing
MY176217A (en) 2013-09-09 2020-07-24 Exedy Corp Friction material for clutch

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